EP2494343A2 - Dispositif de détection - Google Patents

Dispositif de détection

Info

Publication number
EP2494343A2
EP2494343A2 EP10787257A EP10787257A EP2494343A2 EP 2494343 A2 EP2494343 A2 EP 2494343A2 EP 10787257 A EP10787257 A EP 10787257A EP 10787257 A EP10787257 A EP 10787257A EP 2494343 A2 EP2494343 A2 EP 2494343A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
moisture
sensor device
volume
sensor
heating element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10787257A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Hagl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vasema Diagnostics AG
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ATA1723/2009A external-priority patent/AT508976B1/de
Priority claimed from AT20552009A external-priority patent/AT508940B1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2494343A2 publication Critical patent/EP2494343A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
    • A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/029—Humidity sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/46—Wood

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor device for determining the amount of liquid or liquid content stored in an article.
  • the invention further relates to a cap according to claim 31.
  • the invention further relates to a method for determining the amount of liquid stored in an article of the liquid content according to the preamble of claim 36.
  • the stored moisture in the following is considered to be the total moisture present in an article or in a part of an article or the total water content present in an article or in a part of an article.
  • Water or moisture can be present in an object, as explained below, in bound or unbound form.
  • Bound moisture when it is enclosed in or enclosed by the object. Bound moisture may be included in, for example, fat or incorporated or bound in it. However, this moisture can also be bound in cells, fibers or fabrics or enclosed in a vapor-tight / watertight manner. Furthermore, it is also possible that the moisture or water is chemically bound, for example in the form of water of crystallization.
  • bound humidities or water contents are not available for liquid transport and do not evaporate or only very slowly, in particular if the water in the surrounding material, for example fat, is bound to the fabric by chemical or physical bonding.
  • Moistures or water fractions that are unbound are capable of volatilizing and require a period of time to evaporate depending on the nature of the surface and temperature, air pressure and air movements on the surface of the article.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an arrangement or device by means of which the amount of moisture stored in an article or its moisture content can be determined.
  • a sensor device for determining the quantity of liquid contained or stored in an object to be tested, wherein the sensor device comprises at least one heating element and at least one moisture sensor. Furthermore, it is provided that the sensor device forms at least one lockable volume during operation, in particular by contact with the surface of the object to be tested, wherein the heating element is designed to heat at least part of the volume limiting surface of the object, and wherein the humidity sensor Moisture inside the volume measures.
  • the absolute humidity can be determined with high accuracy. If the temperature is additionally measured, the relative humidity can also be determined. The accuracy of measuring the absolute humidity can be increased. Another calibration can still be done in relation to the ambient pressure.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that the volume is delimited by the sensor device, which has an opening that can be covered by the object to be tested to one side. Furthermore, it can be provided that the sensor device comprises a housing, of which the volume and the opening are limited.
  • the housing is designed such that the volume is formed with a maximum thickness of less than 5 mm, in particular less than 1 mm, measured normal to the opening or to the surface of the object occluding the opening.
  • a preferred aspect of the invention provides that the housing has a, preferably flat, base surface) and a self-contained circumferential and / or annular projection on the base surface, wherein the base surface and the projection define the volume and the projection defines the opening limited.
  • End face of the projection forms a bearing surface for the object, wherein the
  • Face is optionally widened outward or widened.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the heating element is arranged in the, preferably annular, projection or forms the projection. This allows a particularly rapid and efficient heating of the article.
  • a further advantageous aspect of the invention provides that the heating element has at least one, in particular in the annular projection surrounding heating wire, which is brought in contact with the object in thermal, especially direct, conductive contact with the surface of the article or directly on the surface of the projection runs.
  • the heating element is formed by radiation sources, in particular LEDs, arranged on the housing and / or on the projection, in particular on the base surface of the housing, and / or that the heating element is connected to a wall bounding the volume of the base surface or the base wall Housing are arranged.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that at least the moisture-sensitive part of the humidity sensor is disposed within the volume or this bounded, and the air in the volume is in contact with this part, in particular via a channel.
  • the moisture sensor is arranged in a recess formed in the base surface and preferably terminates flush with the base surface.
  • a further preferred aspect of the invention provides that the moisture sensor, in particular only its moisture-sensitive part of the surface or its part in contact with the volume, is covered or surrounded by a water-repellent and / or vapor-permeable film, in particular Teflon.
  • a water vapor permeable and / or dirt-repellent protective film is provided between the moisture sensor and the object in abutment, which prevents contamination of the sensor.
  • a water vapor permeable and / or dirt-repellent protective film is provided between the moisture sensor and the object in abutment, which prevents contamination of the sensor.
  • the protective film covers the opening, and / or that the heating element is optionally realized as arranged on the protective film, in particular meandering running, heating wire.
  • a particularly simple and effective arrangement of the protective film is provided. Furthermore, the provision of a meandering heating element describes an effective and direct design of a heating element. The energy is thereby introduced directly to the surface, whereby a particularly efficient heating of the article takes place.
  • a development of the invention provides that the dirt-repellent protective film, in particular as a screen film, with opening sizes in the range of 10 ⁇ to 1mm, , ,
  • the dirt-repellent protective film is taut. This prevents contamination of the protective film.
  • a further preferred aspect of the invention provides that the volume in the installation of the article by closing the opening is vapor-tight, preferably airtight, completed.
  • the invention can be further developed by at least one further heating element, which is arranged such that it heats the humidity sensor.
  • the further heating element surrounds the moisture sensor, in particular is designed as a heating wire, which surrounds the moisture sensor, in particular wound around it.
  • Moisture sensors is provided, which are arranged in a grid shape.
  • the volume is subdivided by a number of subdivision webs into a plurality of subvolumes which respectively contact the article when it is in contact and to which a respective moisture sensor is assigned, which measures the moisture in the respective subvolume.
  • a number of sub-volumes is airtight sealed when planting an object at the opening and the remaining sub-volumes have an air passage located in the region of the moisture sensor, which is optionally in communication with the ambient air.
  • a housing which has an end face in which a continuous opening is formed and in that the moisture sensor seals the opening from the side opposite the end face, the volume in, in front of or in the area the opening is formed.
  • This embodiment allows a particularly simple formation of a dense 5 volume.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides that the moisture sensor, in particular via a thermal adhesive, is in contact with the heating element. This improves the heat dissipation.
  • the heating element is in contact with a thermally conductive body, in particular made of aluminum or aluminum sinter. This allows the formation of a thermally stable sensor device. 5
  • the heating element is designed as a Peltier element and that between the housing, the body, the heating element and the humidity sensor is separated from the volume further volume is formed. This prevents thermal shorting of the Peltier element and improves Q efficiency. In addition, the regulation of the temperature in the volume is simplified.
  • the housing has a channel and / or that the body has a continuous recess, wherein between said continuous recess and the housing, a channel is formed.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the body, the , ,
  • Heating element and the humidity sensor are pressed in the housing, wherein the housing is optionally bolted to the body.
  • a volume created in this way is particularly dense. Air can not escape from the volume into the interior of the sensor device. In particular, moisture can not settle in the further air volume.
  • the invention relates to a cap for closing the volume, in particular a sensor device according to one of the preceding claims, preferably for placing on the projection comprising an annular or closed circumferential body and a contact surface for applying the sensor device to an object characterized by a vapor-permeable protective film, the in the
  • the cap has a wall which bears against the wall delimiting the volume and has a flow-through opening through which the in
  • Volume air can be brought into contact with the moisture sensor.
  • This cap has the advantage that dirt does not penetrate to the sensor device, thus the moisture sensor and the volume limiting parts of the
  • ⁇ Sensor device should not be contaminated by the object to be tested.
  • the advantage of using with patients is that a cap can be used for each patient so that there is no transmission of germs between patients via the sensor device. It also prevents contamination from evaporating through the opening into the volume and penetrating the moisture sensor
  • a development of the invention provides that the main body is arched outwardly in the plane of the opening formed by the annular or closed circumferential body, whereby the contact surface is widened outwards.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that in the main body a , ,
  • Heating element in particular in the form of a circulating in the main body heating wire is arranged, wherein the heating wire is thermally conductively coupled to the contact surface or the heating wire extends on the contact surface.
  • the cap has a heating element which is formed on or on the protective film in the form of a, in particular printed, preferably meander-shaped, heating wire.
  • a connecting line runs in the interior of the main body of the cap and when plugged onto a sensor device according to the invention can be brought into electrical contact with an energy source located in the sensor device.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a fast and reliable method for determining the moisture stored in an article or for determining the moisture content of an article.
  • a method for determining the amount of liquid present in an article is provided. It is provided that the article is heated in a localized area, which is collected by the object in this area when heated steam in this area, in particular vapor-tight, final volume, which is measured in the volume of air humidity, and this is considered as the measured value for the amount of liquid stored in the article.
  • the amount of moisture present in an article can be determined quickly and simply.
  • a further development of the method according to the invention provides that before and / or during the heating of the article, the moisture of the air in the volume is measured, the measured moisture profile over time being considered as an indicator of the amount of liquid stored in the article. , ,
  • the strength of the binding of the water in the subject can be determined.
  • a particular aspect of the invention provides that the moisture in predetermined
  • Time intervals in particular at intervals of 1ms to 3s, is measured.
  • the object is superficially heated by 0.01 to 5 ° C, in particular 0.1 ° C to 5 ° C, in particular at a maximum of 43 ° C, preferably at 40 ° C to 42 ° C.
  • This provides a gentle and efficient method for determining the moisture content of living or biological materials.
  • the article with a predetermined amount of heat between 10 ⁇ 2 W / mm 2 and 0.1W / mm 2 , in particular between 10 "0 W / mm 2 and 0.1W / mm 2 , preferably between 10 " 10 W / mm 2 and 8 10 "6 W / mm 2 is applied.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that first the amount of liquid stored in a reference object is measured according to a method according to the invention and the measured value determined by measuring the reference object is related to the measured value determined by the measurement of the object, where appropriate a plurality of
  • Measurements of the reference object and the object is carried out and then the respectively determined humidity profiles are determined and compared and evaluated with each other, wherein in particular the reference object and the object in the course of heating at the same temperature or the same amount of heat are applied.
  • a development of the method according to the invention provides that a human or animal body part is used as the reference object, which is free from a predetermined disease, for example, free of tumors, in particular skin tumors, or rheumatism, and body parts of persons are used as object or objects, in particular, an increased moisture content of the article relative to the reference article implies an increased risk of being affected by a disease.
  • This development of the invention allows the determination or determination of the risk of contracting a skin disease, in particular a skin tumor, or a disease of tissue located under the skin.
  • a reference measurement is carried out to check the moisture delivery of skin cream to the skin by determining the moisture of a human or animal body part or tissue specified as a reference object, then applying skin cream to this body part and applying it to the skin for a predetermined period of time is then applied, and then subjected to the body part of a second moisture measurement, wherein the moisture delivery of the skin cream is determined by the determined in the course of the reference measurement of moisture and the moisture determined in the course of the second moisture measurement relative to each other.
  • a predetermined amount of heat is delivered to the masonry and the course of the air humidity over a predetermined period of time, in particular from 2 to 5 minutes, is measured, as proven reference dry masonry is used.
  • the volume is ventilated so that the moisture can escape from the volume at a predetermined rate.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sensor device according to the invention from below.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section along the section line A-A shown in Fig. 1.
  • 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the head of a sensor device according to the invention with protective measures for the moisture sensor.
  • FIGS. 4a, b, c show the evaporation behavior of tissue when heat is applied.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sensor device with cap.
  • Fig. 6 shows the cap shown in Fig. 5 in an oblique view.
  • FIG. 7 a shows a sensor device with outwardly bent or extended end faces.
  • Fig. 7b shows a sensor device with a cap and with an outwardly bent body.
  • Fig. 8 shows a cap with a heating element with leads.
  • FIG. 9 shows the moisture-sensitive part of an alternative exemplary embodiment of a sensor device according to the invention, which is designed to measure the moisture stored in human and / or animal tissue.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sensor device with a housing 5 comprising a handle 10.
  • the sensor device may also be permanently mounted, in which case no handle but a holding unit is provided with which the sensor, for example on a wall, on a frame or on the ground , is attached.
  • the sensor device can be easily moved by means of the holding device 10 to a predetermined location and brought into contact with an object 4 to be tested.
  • the housing 5 comprises a planar base surface 51, which has a recess 31.
  • a humidity sensor 3 is arranged, which terminates flush with the base surface 51.
  • an annular projection 52 is provided on the base surface, which has an end face 53 which can be brought into contact with the object 4.
  • the projection 52 has an annular shape in the present case.
  • a projection 52 may be provided which has the shape of a rectangular ring or other circumferential self-contained shape.
  • the illustrated projection 52 comprises a ring-shaped circulating heating wire as a heating element 2.
  • the heating element 2, in particular the heating wire can either be arranged on the surface of the projection 52 or thermally conductive with the surface
  • the projection 52 may be connected or coupled.
  • the heating element 2 can be brought by contacting the end face 53 of the object 4 with the object 4 in thermal conductive contact.
  • the entire projection 52 or at least the part of the projection between the heating element 2 and the end face 53 consists of thermally highly conductive material, for example metal.
  • this thermally conductive material has a melting point which exceeds the maximum achievable with the heating element 2 temperature.
  • the projection 52 is formed entirely with the heating wire.
  • the heating wire to a plurality of windings or windings, which are arranged annular or rectangular.
  • the heating wire is applied directly to the base surface 51 and stands from this;
  • a projection 52 is formed by the heating wire.
  • heating element 2 generally designates a device which can heat a surface of an object, at least partially, and possibly also the volume 1 located above this object 4. This heating can be done by heat conduction, heat flow, heat radiation or combinations thereof.
  • the heating element is formed in the simplest case as a heating wire, which is for example on or on the boundary wall of the lockable volume 1. There is the possibility that the heating of an object 4 is carried out by thermal radiation.
  • the arrangement of a further heating element in the vicinity of the moisture sensor 3 also allows the drying of the moisture sensor 3 after its use.
  • the temperature in the volume and the temperature of the sensor device, in particular the projection 52, and the base surface 51 can be heated so much by the heating by the heating element 2 and by the further heating element that bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms are killed. In this way it can be prevented that microorganisms are transmitted by the sensor device.
  • the further heating element may surround the humidity sensor 3.
  • a plurality of measurements can be carried out with the same humidity sensor 3, without this being saturated by the moisture of a previous measurement.
  • the moisture that occurs when an equilibrium is present is determined by the absorption of moisture by the salt and the absorption of moisture by the salt.
  • the threshold of absorption / absorption can be adjusted.
  • an additional heating element 2 can be provided which does not or only to a small extent the surface _ _
  • the housing 5 forms or delimits a volume 1.
  • the volume is completed upon installation of the object 4 to be measured or tested, in particular airtight.
  • the volume 1 is bounded by a part 41 of the surface of the article.
  • the housing 5 defines a volume 1, which is bounded by housing parts, here the base surface 51 and the projection 52, and is open to one side. It does not matter - although this is quite advantageous - that the volume 1 is hermetically sealed, vapor-proof or airtight. Rather, it is sufficient that collects the heat emitted by the article 4 steam in the volume 1. Whether this small amounts of vapor escape, for example, through openings or leaks in the system between the projection 52 and the article 4 is irrelevant.
  • the projection 52 defines an opening 54 which is closable or closed by the object 4 in the course of a measurement. This limits a volume 1 on all sides.
  • the heating element 2 is arranged so that it heats at least a part of the surface 41 of the object 4, which limits the volume 1.
  • heat radiators in particular infrared LEDs, can also be provided on the base surface 51 and / or on the projection 52, which irradiate the surface 41 and thus heat the object 4 from the surface.
  • any type of known heating elements 2 can be provided for heating the surface 41.
  • the humidity sensor 3 in principle, all known types of humidity sensors are suitable as the humidity sensor 3, in particular plastic sensors, silicone-based and salt-based sensors. These sensors 3 show an increase in air humidity increased conductivity and increased electrical permittivity, whereby the humidity is easily determinable. With many humidity sensors, only the capacity changes with increasing or decreasing humidity. Furthermore, sensors may be used which comprise a porous carrier material in the pores salt crystals are introduced. Such a humidity sensor 3 can measure either absolute humidity or relative humidity. In the case of a relative humidity determination, an additional temperature sensor is arranged in the region of the humidity sensor 3, wherein a calibration is performed for a number of predetermined temperatures and a number of predetermined measured values output by the humidity sensor 3 _ _
  • the invention is a sensor for determining the moisture of materials, in particular of gases, preferably the air humidity, with a with a moisture from the environment reversibly receiving and / or the environment donating substance acted upon carrier body and at least two mutually spaced electrodes arranged.
  • the carrier body is made of or with an open-pore porous, humid-invariant, non-hygroscopic and high internal stiffness having carrier material, at least the pores of the carrier material, with the moisture water from which the carrier material of the carrier body in Contact brought or standing material or gas or air space reversibly and reproducibly absorbing and / or to the material or gas or air space releasing substance, preferably with such an inorganic salt in dissolved, liquid, solid or crystalline form, filled or at least their surfaces or walls are coated.
  • the conductance and / or electrical permittivity of said substance, in particular of the salt is reproducibly functionally dependent on the moisture of the material which is brought into contact or standing in contact with the carrier material of the carrier body, in particular the humidity of the ambient air. With such a humidity sensor 3, the humidity can be determined quickly, efficiently and reproducibly.
  • Such a moisture sensor may have the following developments. All of these developments can improve the illustrated sensor individually and in combination.
  • a salt in particular NaCl
  • a solid substance containing NaCl can be used.
  • the electrodes may be formed by embedded in the pores of the carrier body metal.
  • the electrodes can reach into or pass through the carrier body, wherein the _ _
  • the humidity sensor 3 can be arranged at different positions in the volume 1 or in the housing 5. It is essential here that the moisture sensor 3 is arranged so that it measures the moisture in the interior of the volume 1. This can be achieved on the one hand by the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. On the other hand, the humidity sensor 3 may also be arranged in the interior of the volume 1 at a distance from the base surface 51. A further embodiment of the invention may provide that a volume, not shown, leaves the channel 1, at the end of which the humidity sensor 3 is arranged. It can also be provided a plurality of humidity sensors 3. At least the moisture-sensitive part of the humidity sensor 3 is arranged in the volume 1, so that the air in the volume 1 can come into contact with this part.
  • volume 1 which has a large opening 54 towards the object 4 so that a large amount of moisture can evaporate or evaporate and be absorbed in the volume 1.
  • the volume 1 with respect to the opening 54 has only a very small height or thickness, approximately 1 mm
  • the distance between the opening 51 and the base surface 54 is about 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the sensor device In operation, the sensor device is brought into contact with the object 4, whereby this volume 1 is delimited or closed. Subsequently, the heating element 2 is activated and heat is transferred to the object 4.
  • the article is heated, whereby moisture exits the article 4 and evaporates into the volume 1 or evaporated. While only the unbound moisture that would escape from the article 4 by evaporation can be determined without heating, by heating the article 4 it can be determined to what extent an increase in temperature releases bound moisture which subsequently evaporates from the article 4.
  • a film 32 is disposed of water-repellent or waterproof and vapor-permeable fabric.
  • the essential advantage of the film 32 is that it can be applied to the article 4 and removed after the measurement both from the object 4 and from the sensor device. This reduces pollution, for example, if the evaporations of the object to be measured 4 are not made exclusively of water but to a lesser extent other substances such as Na +, K +, Cl-, C03H, ammonia, lactates, urea, glucose, methanol, oils and other substances contain, which would otherwise precipitate or attach to the moisture sensor 3.
  • the sensor unit has a sieve-shaped protective film 33.
  • the openings of the sieve can be square or round.
  • the protective film can also be realized as a braid.
  • a protective film 33 as well as the aforementioned film 32 are shown, which protects the humidity sensor 3 from the effects of water.
  • the protective film 33 is fixed to the inside of the projection 52 and covers the opening 54th
  • the protective film 33 can also be realized by a protective filter. These are steel mesh, sintered filters or membrane filters. These filters slow down the water absorption of the humidity sensor 3, which must be taken into account when evaluating the measured moisture profiles. In particular, when using such a filter as a protective film 33, a reference measurement is made with the same protective film to compensate for this delay effect of moisture absorption. , ,
  • the protective film 33 may alternatively be formed with Teflon.
  • Teflon has the advantage that it does not suffer from the delaying effect described above, thus
  • the heating element 2 may be arranged on the protective film 33.
  • the heating element 2 is preferably as
  • the protective film 33 and the projection 52 have a low thermal conductivity, so that only little heat is emitted to the sensor device, to the volume 1 or to the environment.
  • the protective film 33 is vapor permeable and heats the leaked vapor.
  • the heating wire can be printed on the protective film 33 or woven into this, interlaced, etc. be.
  • a material for the heating wire generally all electrically conductive and thermally conductive materials come into question, in particular, a metallic heating wire can be used.
  • a cap 6 is placed on the projection 52, on the projection 52, a cap 6 is placed.
  • the cap 6 may alternatively be arranged in other ways, but it is essential that it closes the volume 1 formed by the sensor device.
  • the cap 6 has a contact surface 61, to which the object 4 can be applied.
  • the heating element 2 is integrated in the cap 6.
  • the heating element 2 either in the main body 62 of the cap 6, that is that part of the cap 6, which is in contact with the sensor device, or in the protective film 33 may be arranged.
  • the contacting of the heating element 2 located in the cap 6 takes place via the sensor device, for example
  • a circulating heating wire 2 be performed in the body of the cap and thermally coupled to the object 4 facing abutment surface 61 of the cap 6.
  • the heating element 2 may alternatively be supplied via a thermally conductive contact, for example, a continuous metal contact between the heating wire and the abutment surface 61 or via a superficial arrangement of the heating wire to the contact surface 61.
  • the heating element 2 may alternatively be formed in all illustrated embodiments of the invention by a heated flowing heated medium and a conduit for guiding the medium.
  • a heated flowing heated medium and a conduit for guiding the medium.
  • either a tank for filling with the hot medium or a heat source for heating the medium is provided.
  • Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous if a predetermined temperature should not be exceeded.
  • the heating element 2 can alternatively be realized by a vessel or a container in which reagents are located, which release heat by an externally initiated exothermic chemical reaction.
  • the heating element 2 is arranged so that the amount of heat generated can be delivered to the article 4 and can enter into this.
  • Both the body 62 of the cap 6 and the projection 52 can, as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b, have a broad contact surface 61 or end face 53.
  • This has the advantage that soft objects 4 fit better against the abutment surface 61 or the end face 53 and are subject to less intense pressure in the region of the opening 54. Thereby, the damage, destruction or injury of the article 4 can be avoided and it can further a particularly airtight installation of the article 4 can be achieved.
  • the main advantage of using a cap 6 is that a separate cap 6 can be used for each item or human or animal patient. This prevents transmission of contaminants, diseases, fungal spores, etc. by the sensor device.
  • either the cap 6 or the sensor device must contain a heating element 2.
  • a preferred embodiment of the cap 6 forms the entire volume 1, wherein only one opening is provided, through which the steam passes to the moisture sensor.
  • the cap 6 can be developed to the effect that it is designed as a single injection-molded part, wherein in particular the protective film 33 is part of the injection-molded part. This has the advantage that liquid adhesives having a stored bound residual moisture can be avoided.
  • the moisture or its moisture content is considered a quality indicator.
  • Even human or animal or plant body parts or tissue are at most subject to pathological or by decay processes caused by increased or decreased moisture retention.
  • the evaporation of water from the surface of the skin depends on many factors, in particular the temperature of the skin, the ambient humidity as well as diseases such as e.g. Skin cancer that affects the storage of fluid under the skin.
  • the entire article need not be completely dewatered; In most cases this would not be possible without destroying the substance of the object 4 or damaging the living tissue. _.
  • the article 4 is heated locally by the heating element 2, wherein the moisture development is optionally determined for calibration purposes before heating, but in any case during and / or after the heating.
  • Particularly meaningful results can be obtained by determining the course of the measured moisture over time.
  • the moisture is measured at predetermined time intervals, for example from 10 ms to a few seconds. After a measuring time of a few seconds to a few minutes, a curve is obtained in the form of a curve which can be used to determine the amount of liquid stored in the article 4.
  • a calibration at a predetermined temperature can be made.
  • An object 4 having a predetermined amount of stored liquid is subjected to the same treatment as an object 4 to be tested. The determined moisture readings are determined separately for the object to be tested and for the reference object and compared. If the reference item and the item 4 have similar amounts of liquid, they are judged to be similar.
  • This procedure can be carried out for a large number of different objects with different moisture content and at different temperatures.
  • temperature sensors and pressure sensors may be provided on the sensor device, which determine the temperature or the pressure of the ambient air and the temperature and pressure of the air in the volume.
  • the volume of 1 after a predetermined time reached or within a period of maximum air humidity can be determined, which arises in a treatment of the article 4 described above, when the volume 1 limiting surface with a predetermined amount of heat is applied.
  • the object 4 to be measured is a body part, it must not be heated arbitrarily. Other biological materials should not be heated above a certain temperature. It is therefore intended that the object only minimally, about 0.1 ° C to 1 ° C superficially warm, which on the one hand prevents damage to the object to be measured and on the other hand reduces the energy consumption of the heating element.
  • Human or animal tissue can be heated up to 43 ° C, preferably at 40 ° C to 42 ° C.
  • the amount of heat and / or the heat flux density, which is supplied to the article 4 can be set.
  • the required amount of heat or heat flux depends on the object, in particular its heat capacity and thermal conductivity, as well as the ambient conditions.
  • the heating element also has an efficiency below 100%, that is, not all of the available heat is supplied directly to the object 4.
  • a heat flux density of 10 "12 W / mm 2 to 8 10 " 6 W / mm 2 is used for human or animal skin. This value is chosen so that the human or animal tissue is not destroyed and sufficient heat energy is available for heating the skin.
  • the heat flow densities mentioned are also well applicable for animal skin.
  • heat flux densities of up to a few mW / mm 2 can be impressed on the object 4 to be measured.
  • heat flux densities of up to a few mW / mm 2 can be impressed on the object 4 to be measured.
  • paper due to its very thin structure, it can be found when it is applied to only one sheet with very low heat flux densities in the range of 10 ⁇ 10 W / mm 2 -10 "8 W / mm 2 .
  • An application of the invention relates to the determination of the moisture stored in wood or amount of water.
  • the moisture content is a mali for the calorific value or calorific value and thus an indicator of the quality and the achievable price.
  • Holes / crevices, etc. due to knotholes, bad storage, bark beetles or other pests or a missing bark allow a tree or the wood to absorb moisture and create moisture deposits in its interior and store or store water.
  • the drying of wood in drying ovens is energy intensive and only helps to keep the wood dry when properly stored. Moreover, drying in a drying oven only achieves external drying, in which case the moisture deposits located inside the wood can not be dried out or only with considerable energy and time expenditure.
  • An inventive monitoring of the drying of firewood has the advantage that only pieces of wood or logs must be further dried, which are not yet completely dried; The remaining pieces of wood can already be processed further, resulting in a considerable increase in the efficiency of firewood production. This method can also be used in the monitoring of timber.
  • the moisture stored in the pellets can thus be considered as a risk indicator for sudden deflagration in ovens. It can thus be provided that, after the moisture determination pellets with high humidity are supplied before heating another drying to prevent deflagration inside the furnace.
  • the production of particle boards involves two steps, each of which removes the moisture from the wood in a drying vessel, whereby the finely shredded wood is subjected to a drying treatment.
  • a drying vessel For the production of wood chipboards, a mixture of glue and sawdust is used.
  • the glue contains water that can re-penetrate the wood chips, so further drying is required to remove the water from the chipboard.
  • the chipboard is pressed and dried at 200 ° C. Moist areas will dry up more slowly, which can lead to a lack of quality, as deformations can occur due to moisture retention.
  • veneers and coatings such as solid wood, in the wet state on the press cake
  • the still moist mixture of chips and glue can be dried more difficult because the veneers or coatings prevent or slow down the escape of water.
  • the underside and the lateral surfaces of the chipboard are easier to dry than the trapped moisture deposits.
  • holes may be formed if the water can evaporate.
  • dents or stresses can easily lead to the initiation of cracks, which can form into extensive cracks, depending on the original distribution of the water.
  • the moisture in the interior of the press cake dry out and where in the wet state water molecules have supported the structure of the plates now creates a micro hole or nano hole, possibly even larger holes.
  • the moisture content of the wood product is determined according to the invention and then a measurement of the moisture stored in the wood is performed.
  • the moisture is determined in a reference wood piece having the desired properties in terms of fracture stability, strength, residual water retention and toughness, etc.
  • the two determined moisture values are compared with each other, whereby the wood product to be tested can be given a similar quality as the reference product if it matches or similar values.
  • the product to be tested has strongly different properties from the reference product, it may either be improved, e.g. after-dried, or be discarded.
  • Increased internal moisture is also a problem for tablets, for example, for medicines, as some ingredients become ineffective due to dampness or their effectiveness is significantly reduced or increased. All these changes in the effect of drugs are potentially hazardous to the patient, so that the determination of the moisture stored in the tablets according to the invention can be applied in quality control after the preparation of the tablets prior to their packaging.
  • the consumer can also test the effectiveness of the tablet or capsule before ingestion by determining the moisture content. - -
  • the tablets are, for example, capsules, in particular hard gelatin capsules, which, for example, should disintegrate only at the site of action in the human or animal body and release their ingredients.
  • part of the capsule will not disintegrate at the desired location and the active ingredients in the tablet will be ingested in the wrong place, which may either result in an undesirable increase or decrease in the effect of the drug.
  • the internal moisture is characteristic of the efficacy e.g. Foaming effect of the soap. Damp particles are better bound with moist soap.
  • a body part to be creamed is measured without prior treatment.
  • a reference moisture value is determined. This can be done by a method as already described. Subsequently, the cream is applied to the relevant body part and then left to act. After the reaction time, the part of the cream not yet drawn into the skin is wiped off the skin.
  • the cream can be further rubbed. This process can be repeated as desired until the entire cream is absorbed into the skin.
  • the moisture of this part of the body in the same area of the skin is determined again and the difference to the reference measurement is determined.
  • the ratio of the two measured values or also the difference between the two measured values can be determined.
  • the two measured values are thus related to each other. This ratio is a measure of how strongly the moisture of the cream is drawn into the body part, and thus a quality indicator of the cream.
  • level of conventional production typically an indicator of a partially artificial method of production. It is the food is added to water, which serves primarily the purpose of increasing the price. Such methods are known for many foods, especially for cheese and vegetables.
  • the stored moisture content of foodstuffs to be examined and the moisture content of foods can be measured by known conventional methods of production. Subsequently, the values are compared with each other, wherein a deviation of the stored moisture indicates a different manufacturing process.
  • a popular means of the food industry is to produce food artificially by the use of chemical substances, in particular using inexpensive biological substances.
  • artificial cheese, art ham, etc. are produced, which differ from their natural equivalent mainly in that the stored moisture is substantially increased.
  • the type of production of food can be distinguished.
  • the internal moisture is characteristic of the permeability of thermal insulation or the strength of materials such as bitumen, asphalt, hardened concrete, road surfaces.
  • Decisive is the internal humidity in the processing of the material, as a subsequent drying at those points can lead to internal bubbles or pores, etc., where there is an increased internal moisture and this can very bad or no longer dry after installation.
  • the moisture remains after processing of the material in the masonry, building , - etc. and can escape from this no more or only very slowly.
  • a moisture measurement after the installation of the material can be
  • a constant amount of heat is delivered to the masonry and the course of the humidity over a predetermined period of time, in particular from 2 to 5 minutes, measured, with reference as proven dry masonry is used.
  • the volume 1 is aerated so that the moisture can escape from the volume 1 at a predetermined rate.
  • moisture usually shows an increase up to a maximum moisture in the case of dry or superficially humidified masonry. After the entire amount of water has evaporated from the masonry, due to the aeration of the volume, the moisture decreases and reaches the level of ambient humidity after the end of the measurement.
  • the moisture profile of the absorbed moisture is thus characterized by an increase to an approximately constant level or a subsequent decrease to a relative to the ambient humidity substantially increased level.
  • the invention may also be used to determine the risk of a person suffering from a disease.
  • the measurement of increased bound moisture in the interior of a human or animal tissue indicates an increased risk that the person in question or the animal in question from a disease such as tumors, rheumatism, cancer.
  • this risk assessment can be improved by measuring the stored amount of water or liquid at different points in the body. This allows the identification of characteristic patterns of water retention that can be compared with reference levels to determine the risk of contracting the disease. Furthermore, the measurement can also be carried out on removed tissue. This measurement can be achieved particularly advantageous with the device according to the invention.
  • the procedure described can thus also be used for the detection of diseases such as rheumatism or of tumors in the skin.
  • a heating up to 43 ° C, in particular to 40 ° C to 42 ° C is made.
  • the water vapor or moisture may be released from the skin at different sites, such as intercellular, i. in the tissue between cells, transcellular, i. through the cells, escape.
  • the water vapor may also be transglandular, i. by glands, as well as transfoliular, i. along the hair cells, emerge.
  • This bound water is partially activated by heat input, i. bound water becomes unbound water and evaporates (Fig. 4. b, c).
  • the amount of liquid spilled depends on several factors, such as the amount of heat introduced.
  • a tumor disease for example, the skin
  • more water is bound by the tumor and is not evaporate without affecting the temperature.
  • the water is evaporated by targeted heat input unbound.
  • a risk indicator can be produced to indicate how likely this condition is.
  • Barrier disorders of human or animal skin also have a dependency on heating, but this has a characteristic slope or a curve.
  • a device described above with a multiplicity of moisture sensors 3 arranged next to one another can be used.
  • this sensor has a multiplicity of partial volumes, to each of which a humidity sensor 3 is associated, which measures the humidity in the interior of the partial volume.
  • the moisture sensor 3 is arranged in the interior of the respective sub-volume.
  • the moisture-sensitive layer of the moisture sensor 3 can also be in the respective sub-volume or it can be bound.
  • the moisture sensor 3 may be arranged in a recess in a region of the base surface 51, which borders the respective partial volume.
  • the individual partial volumes are divided by subdivisions
  • the sub-volumes are each in contact with the object 4 when an object 4 abuts the opening 54.
  • a sensor device with a plurality of moisture sensors 3 allows the image of the moisture of the tissue located under the skin on the respective skin sites.
  • a separate partial volume can be provided for each skin area to be imaged.
  • the humidity sensors 3 as well as the sub-volumes are arranged in a grid pattern.
  • the partial volumes are the same size and have the same shape and the same volume.
  • the effect can be used that the water vapor rises up to 1, 5mm vertically laminar. This occurs, for example, when half the diameter of the sub-volume is greater than its height. There is no lateral convection of the water vapor or vapor in the volume and thus also no mixing of the haze above the individual skin areas. Thus, the exhalations of the individual skin areas can be measured or determined independently. By such an arrangement, a division of the volume into a plurality of sub-volumes can be avoided. Nevertheless, different , -
  • Skin areas can be measured simultaneously, whereby images of the skin can be created.
  • an image of a body part can be created, in which the respective skin areas are colored with colors, which are each assigned to the determined for the skin area moisture. If necessary, grayscale images can also be used.
  • the individual moisture sensors 3 are arranged in a grid shape.
  • the absorption or absorption of moisture water can be adjusted.
  • Absorption refers to the release of water vapor or molecules from the moisture sensor 3
  • absorption refers to the opposite process of the uptake of water molecules into the sensor.
  • the humidity is determined by measuring the conductance or the capacitance of the humidity sensor 3.
  • the conductance and the capacitance of the moisture-sensitive layer of the humidity sensor 3 are highly dependent on the moisture-water absorbed in this layer, which results in the measurement of the capacitance or the conductance to the humidity in the vicinity of the humidity sensor 3 can be closed.
  • the current used for measuring the capacitance or the resistance of the moisture sensor 3 can also be used to heat the moisture sensor.
  • An energy-saving alternative is that a number of sub-volumes is hermetically sealed and the remaining sub-volumes have an air passage in the region of the moisture sensor 3 to the ambient air, for example via channels extending in the sensor device. Due to the air passage, a cooler temperature is achieved in the partial volumes, since the heat emitted by the body or object can escape and cooler ambient air penetrates into the partial volume. This temperature difference causes a different Ausdampf , which allows conclusions about the internal humidity.
  • a significant advantage of this arrangement is that in the measurement of living tissue, the internal heat development in the tissue can be exploited to heat the partial volumes. It can be regulated on the lack of ventilation existing isolation of the individual sub-volumes, the self-adjusting temperature.
  • the volumes or the sub-volumes are preferably 1 mm high, and have a , ,
  • the ambient temperature or temperature of the article as well as the ambient humidity are measured. This can be done in particular by arranged on the sensor device measuring devices. If necessary, the ambient pressure can also be determined, since the living organism, in contrast to inanimate objects, has a control loop and emits more or less atmospheric humidity as a function of the environmental conditions into the environment.
  • IQ example of a temperature control of a living organism is sweating.
  • the described environmental factors of temperature, ambient humidity and ambient pressure can be compensated. The difference between a healthy person and a sick one
  • the examined person After the compensation of the environmental factors, the examined person consists only in the liquid or moisture released from the diseased tissue, which can be specifically determined and used as a risk indicator for the presence of a disease.
  • a pathological change in the skin leads to a storage and binding of water to the diseased cells, for example tumor cells in cancers or cartilage, joint deposits in rheumatism. Without the targeted heating these moisture components would not be available for transport.
  • the moisture or liquid quantity determined by measuring the cartilages or wrists or the foot cartilage or ankles can be used.
  • 3Q ambient temperatures below 20 ° C can be set. It is expedient to take account of this process or to prepare the skin by wiping off the examined site or to carry out the measurement quickly.
  • bound and unbound moisture can be determined separately. Initially, the moisture evaporating from the article or the skin is determined without the action of a heating element. Subsequently, the temperature is continuously increased or continuously supplied heat. As a result, the water output of the object or the skin increases. The additional amount of liquid , ,
  • an additional portion of unbound water that occurs relative to a reference person usually results from wounding or peeling of the skin. Additional bound water is often an indicator of a disease, such as tumors, especially skin tumors, cancer or rheumatism.
  • FIG. 9 shows a specially designed measuring head 70 with a housing 75, which has an opening 79 on its end face 78.
  • the housing 75 is formed of plastic.
  • the housing 75 can be used about ABS Teluran or other plastic, which has a low water absorption capacity.
  • the volume 71 has the thickness which corresponds to the thickness of the housing 75 in the region of the opening 79, in the present embodiment, the thickness is about 1 mm.
  • the area of the opening in this embodiment is about 4 mm 2 .
  • the volume 71 is open from the end face 78, so that ambient air can penetrate into the volume 71.
  • the volume is closed airtight by the humidity sensor 73 from the opposite side.
  • the humidity sensor 73 is constructed as a moisture-sensitive, resistive and capacitive element. In this specific embodiment, it is a salt-containing humidity sensor 73, as described above. Of course, other humidity sensors 73 may be used.
  • the terminals 83 of the humidity sensor 73 which are used for the electrical measurement of humidity, are outside the volume.
  • a heating element 72 is arranged on the side facing away from the volume 71 of the humidity sensor 71.
  • a Peltier element was chosen for this, but it is also possible to choose any other heating element 72.
  • the heating element 72 lies with its two thermally active surfaces on the entire surface of the humidity sensor 73. Thus, it is possible to either heat the humidity sensor 73 or - if necessary - to cool.
  • the heating element 72 has two electrical connections 82, by means of which the Depending on the coupling, heating element 72 can supply heat to the humidity sensor 73 or dissipate heat from the humidity sensor 73.
  • the heating element 72 is in this concrete
  • Embodiment glued to the humidity sensor 73 Embodiment glued to the humidity sensor 73.
  • the illustrated embodiment has a thermally conductive body 74, which consists in the present example of aluminum with a thermal conductivity of 236 W / (m K). In general, for this body 74, other heat conducting materials,
  • the body 74 is located on the moisture sensor 73 flat.
  • the body is connected in this preferred embodiment with the humidity sensor 73 via a thermal adhesive.
  • the body 74 has a channel 76 for receiving the terminals 83 of the humidity sensor 73 and the heating element 72.
  • the diameter of the channel 76 is chosen so that the terminals 83 of the humidity sensor 73 and the heating element 72 can be easily passed.
  • the channel 76 leads from the region of the heating element 72 as well as the
  • the channel 76 is formed by a recess or notch in the body 74 and an adjoining part of the housing 75.
  • the thermal conductivity of the heating element 72 and the humidity sensor 73 is in
  • Water vapor has a thermal conductivity of 0.0248 W / (m K).
  • Air (21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen) has a thermal conductivity of 0.0262 W / (m K).
  • precipitating water has a much higher thermal conductivity of 30 0.5562 W / (m K).
  • the side of the heating element 73 and the humidity sensor 73 is a circumferential volume 71 densely separated from the volume, further filled with air volume 77, which leads into the channel 76.
  • air in this volume 77 is further ensured that the thermal effect of the heating element 72 is optimized.
  • the formation of an effective thermal bridge between the thermal contacts of the heating element 72 designed as a Peltier element is prevented by the air space of the further volume 77, the effect of the heating element 72 being optimized.
  • the humidity sensor 73, the heating element 72, the body 74 and the housing 75 are pressed against each other in the present embodiment, wherein the housing 75 and the body 74 are screwed together to ensure a constant contact pressure.
  • This compression ensures that the volume 71 is particularly dense. So can be effectively avoided that settles water with a much higher thermal conductivity in the other volume and causes a thermal short circuit.
  • the described compression of the housing 75, the body 74, the heating element 72 and the humidity sensor 73 is provided instead of the bond. Otherwise, the adhesive in the area of the opening 79 is prevented from diffusing or evaporating into the volume 71 and influencing the measurements.
  • the thermally conductive body 74 forms a heat or cold storage whose internal temperature remains approximately equal. Neither influences of the person operating the sensor device nor of the person whose skin moisture is measured, nor the required heating by the heating element 72, have significant effects on the temperature of the conductive body 74.
  • the housing 75 itself has no significant thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Since the housing 75 touches the heating element 72 and the humidity sensor 73 only at a few points, and the further volume 77 filled with air is formed between the housing 75, the heating element 72 and the humidity sensor 73, it occurs between the housing 75 and the heating element 72 or the humidity sensor 73 only to low thermal influences.
  • the humidity sensor 73 and the volume 71 can be kept at a constant temperature by the heating element 72 formed as a Peltier element, whereby the
  • Influence of temperature on the measurement is only slightly influenced.
  • a temperature sensor is arranged, by means of which
  • a temperature control can also be omitted.
  • the housing 75 is connected to a control unit, not shown, with a handle.
  • the operating device has a display and the control unit connected to the terminals 82, 83 of the heating element 72 and the humidity sensor 73. Furthermore, a trigger button for initiating the measurement is available.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de détection pour déterminer la quantité de liquide contenue ou stockée dans un objet à tester (4), le dispositif de détection comportant au moins un élément de chauffe (2) et au moins un capteur d'humidité (3). En fonctionnement, le dispositif de détection forme au moins un volume (1) pouvant notamment être fermé par appui contre la surface (41) de l'objet à tester (4). L'élément de chauffe (2) est conçu pour chauffer au moins une partie de la surface (41) de l'objet (4) délimitant le volume (1), et le capteur d'humidité (3) mesure l'humidité à l'intérieur du volume (1).
EP10787257A 2009-10-30 2010-10-29 Dispositif de détection Withdrawn EP2494343A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1723/2009A AT508976B1 (de) 2009-10-30 2009-10-30 Feuchtigkeitssensor
AT20552009A AT508940B1 (de) 2009-12-30 2009-12-30 Sensorvorrichtung
PCT/AT2010/000412 WO2011050382A2 (fr) 2009-10-30 2010-10-29 Dispositif de détection

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EP2494343A2 true EP2494343A2 (fr) 2012-09-05

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EP10795907A Withdrawn EP2494344A1 (fr) 2009-10-30 2010-10-29 Capteur d'humidité
EP10787257A Withdrawn EP2494343A2 (fr) 2009-10-30 2010-10-29 Dispositif de détection

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EP10795907A Withdrawn EP2494344A1 (fr) 2009-10-30 2010-10-29 Capteur d'humidité

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WO (2) WO2011050382A2 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
EP2494344A1 (fr) 2012-09-05
WO2011050381A1 (fr) 2011-05-05
US20120234078A1 (en) 2012-09-20
WO2011050382A2 (fr) 2011-05-05
US8869596B2 (en) 2014-10-28
WO2011050382A3 (fr) 2011-07-07

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