EP2493683A2

EP2493683A2 - Pellet press for producing pellets

Info

Publication number: EP2493683A2
Application number: EP10778557A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Frank Heymanns; Gernot Von Haas; Günter NATUS; Detlef Kroll
Original assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Current assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority date: 2009-10-30
Filing date: 2010-10-30
Publication date: 2012-09-05
Also published as: RU2566692C2; WO2011050987A3; BR112012009172A2; KR20120087158A; US20120276237A1; CN102712159B; US8944801B2; CN102712159A; RU2012122220A; WO2011050987A2; CA2776828A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a pellet press for producing pellets (10) from material which is to be compressed. In the pellet press (3), the biomass (1) is compressed through the holes (13) of the die (4) by means of at least one press device (12) consisting of a roller (5) which rolls on the die (4), to form pellets (10). Said die (4) and/or the roller (5) are moved in relation to each other in a relative movement during the production thereof. The aim of the invention is to provide essential machine elements or modules which are simple to access and also quick to exchange. Also, the construction and operation of the pellet press should be modular so that the production power can be variably adjusted and/or the production is independent of the repairs of individual modules. According to the invention, at least one press device (12) consisting of at least one roller (5) and/or the die (4) is arranged inside a press frame (21) in the pellet press (3), said press frame (21) being embodied in the form of at least one C-frame (18) and/or at least one window frame (20).

Description

Pelleting press for the production of pellets

The invention relates to a pelleting press for the production of pellets according to the preamble of claim 1.

The production of pellets, also known as pellets or granules, from fines or compacted and / or molten material is already known. The production of pellets, respectively wood pellets, from

preferably comminuted biomass, such as sawdust, dust or

The same is also already well known and is used in the field of renewable energies as a forward - looking technology for the

Climate protection, especially in Europe, propagated. The raw material used is usually chipboard from the woodworking industry, but it is also possible to utilize freshly felled stocks or non-recoverable types of wood or waste in the woodworking industry. For the

Market for wood pellets for the supply of small combustion plants in single or multi-family houses is preferably to use pollutant-free base material. Block power plants or special

High-temperature furnaces for heat generation and / or

However, electrical energy production (combined cycle power plants) can also cleanly burn small amounts of polluted material (pellets made of particleboard or MDF boards with or without a coating or a coating). The wood pellets are usually produced in so-called pelleting presses, in which the material to be pressed is pressed by moving and / or active rolling rolls, also called roll-up rolls, through bores of a die. Through the holes, the material (biomass) is formed and discharged as strands from the holes. Holes are understood to mean all openings which, preferably of substantially cylindrical design, are arranged in a die for passage and shaping of the material. The holes can also have larger inlet areas (reductions) to improve the pressing process and be hardened or have hardened sleeves in the holes.

In the area of the matrices, a distinction is made between flat and ring matrices. On ring matrices run for pressing outside or inside rollers on flat matrices roll the roller rollers circular (mill construction) or linear reversing from. The invention preferably deals with

Flat dies of the latter type, but may also be used in ring matrices.

The possibilities of processing and spreading the biomass, or the post-processing (shredding of the strands, cooling, storage, transport) of the pellets need not be discussed further. Reference is made to the prior art. Due to the worldwide acknowledged global warming, the industry is forced to force the large industrial production of wood pellets. But especially in large production plants, some of the

Special machinery or heavy machinery are assigned, large and heavy machine parts are used.

Conventional and well-known pelleting press with one or more circulating on a circular flat die roller rollers generally have a drive on the one through the flat die

passing hollow shaft drives the Flachmatrize or Kollerwalzen. In general, the rotating Kollerwalzen are mounted on the hollow shaft or the drive over projecting from the hollow shaft stub axles. Due to the centrifugal forces and the one-sided loads in the flying storage wear the bearings between the very fast

Thru Axles and Kollerwalzen. In the central drive solution, starting from the central center axis of the flat die is also the

Concealed limitation of the basic system, since the scope of such a pelleting press is limited for reasons of moments occurring or the maximum meaningful size of the hollow shaft. At the same time results from the limited scope of a very compact design, which means that maintenance or repairs must be carried out in a small space, which is time consuming and costly. In case of damage to the die, the rollers, the bearings or blockages of the scattering space in front of the rollers, these machine elements are only from the outside accessible because the central opening of the circular matrix is too small or occupied by the hollow drive shaft.

The object of the invention is to provide a pelleting press for the production of pellets, which offers over the prior art advantages in the accessibility of essential machine elements and at the same time allows the quick replacement of essential machine elements or modules. In addition, the structure and operation of the pelleting press should be modular, so that the production capacity is variably adjustable and / or independent of repairs of individual modules.

The solution to the problem for a pelleting press is that in the pelleting press at least one pressing device is arranged consisting of at least one roller and / or the die within a press frame, wherein at least one C-frame and / or at least one window frame is arranged as a press frame.

In an extension of the task, it should now be possible through the modular design and the simple design of the press frame to remove individual press racks from the pelleting press and to continue their operation with the remaining press racks during their repair. An unspecified scattering of the biomass on the template is changed accordingly, that the amount of lying on the template Biomass remains in front of each roller in the limits allowed for operation. For example, a spreader may be provided which feeds each roller or a press frame separately biomass, which is additionally mounted on the press frame and is correspondingly in a built-in or a removal with or removed.

In particular, for the arrangement of the actuators (usually hydraulic piston and cylinder arrangements), which is not described in all variations and details, these can be installed in a large number of possible places in the press frame, which is altogether dependent on the structure of the pelleting press. In the drawing is preferably a

Pelleting press provided with a circumferential die, so that the die is movably mounted in the press frame by means of bearings and the rollers stationary, but the die or moved away, are arranged. Of course, the bearing of the die can be arranged movable in this sense. In another variant, the rollers move in a circle (flat circular matrix) or alternately linear (square matrix) and the die or a die table is firmly stored in the press racks. Of course, a combination of both movements is conceivable, but probably very expensive in the mechanical engineering design. In this sense, therefore, at least the roller and / or the die would be movable by means of at least one drive to generate a relative movement arranged. Preferably, at least two or even more drives are arranged in a large pelleting press with more than three, preferably with more than five, more preferably with more than seven Kollerwalzen. In the case of movable / rotating rollers or their bearings and / or a rotating / movable die, at least one within the pelleting press, preferably within at least one press frame

Guiding means for guiding the movable die and / or the roller arranged. The guide means may be arranged with adjusting devices and / or dampers for adjusting the barrel and / or the orientation of the movable machine elements. In a further embodiment, it is preferable to arrange the rollers and / or the die in at least one press frame by means of adjusting devices in their position so as to be movable relative to one another. It is obvious that the

Adjustment device so that not only can serve adjustment but also can bring forces for pressing the biomass through the die. At least one bearing of the movable machine elements (die and / or rollers) can also be arranged outside of a press frame in order to provide a sufficient support of the movable machine elements, in particular with a small number of press frames. Preferably, a single or a multi-part press frame can be arranged as pressing device. Particularly preferably, a multi-part press frame is formed at least from a crosshead and two pull tabs. The second crosshead can either stand alone or by the Arrangement of at least one roller or die or their

Be substituted bearings. Preference is in this context, the multi-part press racks that this by quickly and

unlockable connections, more preferably bolts, are connected to spend at least parts of the press frame quickly and easily from or into the pelleting press. For this purpose, at least one engagement surface for the forks of a fork-lift truck or for a crane hook is preferably arranged on the press frame of the pressing device.

In a particularly preferred embodiment are in the

Pelleting press several pressing devices arranged. These are preferably arranged uniformly along the die. At least one spreading device, a scattering guide and / or a side wall can be arranged on at least one pressing device. Advantageously, now according to the teachings of the invention

Pelleting press modular. Thus, for example, the production capacity can be adjusted by varying the press racks as needed during a longer production period, so that in a simple manner more or less capacity can be avoided to be delivered pellets. Also, it is possible with appropriate design to offer a retrofittable later without problems pelletizing a customer who, for example, only a pelleting press with buys five pressing devices, which can later be retrofitted with further pressing devices or press racks.

In a further advantageous effect of the invention, a large number of parts can be interpreted plant and machine technology simplified, with the variety of the same parts (press frame, pull tabs, Querhäupter, bearings, drives) the production in series and the spare parts storage significantly simplified and cost to

is to realize. Particularly preferred points in a modular

Pelleting press with several pressing devices or press racks on the press frame means for receiving a drive, so that when expanding the capacity of a pelleting press per pressing device and a drive or all two pressing devices drive etc. can be installed or removed.

By the adjusting devices in the pressing devices and the press racks, the rollers and / or the die can perform a stroke. If, for example, the rollers have adjusting devices for a stroke, it is very simple in terms of process engineering to move the roller into a rest position in the event of a malfunction in a press frame and to hold it there. The production can, if necessary, stop or block the spreading device responsible for this roll, while continuing to run. This is particularly advantageous if a planned maintenance cycle is pending or A production cycle will be completed in the near future and for these reasons production must be halted. It is also conceivable in a 24/7 operation that the production may continue to run slightly less in a late or night shift until the corresponding maintenance or repair crew takes up duty on the morning of the next day.

The problem is that no suitable adjustable drive system is provided for such a modular pelleting press that can grow or shrink with the pelleting press. Single drives would have to be replaced, for example, every 2 or 3 press racks in order to adapt them to the performance. In particular, gear ratios can not be adapted to different drives but also arbitrarily. Multiple drives on a large sprocket but require control and control technology overhead, because, for example, a drive

Speed and the other drives must operate torque-controlled.

In extension of the task can now be a pellet mill with movable die and / or more composite movable rollers so

be further developed that in conjunction with a modular

Frame construction also a suitable, preferably to the necessary

Performance customizable, drive use can be found. Thus, at least one drive can be arranged as a direct drive with a rotor and at least one stator for producing the relative movement between the roller and the die, preferably for moving the die, the rotor of the drive on a support plate and / or at least on a support ring and / or is arranged on the die itself and / or that for simultaneous movement of a plurality of rollers, the rotor of the drive is arranged on a shaft which is operatively connected to the axes of the rollers. This makes it possible to variably set a drive to a different number of press racks and / or roller assemblies and the drive can be modularly extended and / or reduced and can respond to sudden stoppages or blockages in production, especially a moving die table without damage. Furthermore, the drive can be adapted in its necessary properties to the production circumstances, be it by partial connection / disconnection or installation / removal of driving components. In particular, the disadvantage is solved that large gear or conversions for the drive with a concomitant noise pollution and maintenance can be avoided. By minimizing the noise, it is also easier to detect problems during pressing on the basis of noise.

In a preferred application of similar service providers in form, structure and / or power consumption, there is the possibility of improved installability, storage and repair options. In particular, it is possible in a press series to offer different performance concepts (power consumption of the motors in kilowatts), which are easily and without complications variable afterwards.

For example, the power carriers can be constructed so that even around the circumference of a stator even multiples of

Service providers can be arranged.

If, in one embodiment, 64 power carriers with 10 kW each could be installed in a stator of a direct drive, a series of presses could be offered which, for example, offer an engine power of 640, 320, 160, 80 kW, so that a customer can order a small pelleting press with 160 kW and later upgraded to 320 KW or 640 KW without further difficulty by purchasing additional service providers, for example, in the compression of unyielding material or retrofitting of other press racks. In this context, the repair can be easier, because in case of faults or defects in the drive of a pelleting press no longer the entire engine needs to be replaced, but only in the case of a defect of a service provider this service provider removed and replaced by a new service provider. In this context, the invention means, for example, a drive coil winding for the rotor mounted on the power carrier

Permanent magnets. In particular, it is advantageous that the engine does not exist as a unit, but from a large number of units that can be exchanged or installed sequentially. This is particularly useful in a tight space. This favors in the broader sense but also the storage of the same components

(Service providers) and the repair options. In particular, it is provided that the high-performance carriers are preassembled on prefabricated segments, for example four 45 ° elements for forming a stator, and these four segments are installed successively in the pelleting press. In the case of a rotor with radially arranged permanent magnets, for example, the hollow shaft (or parts of the hollow shaft) can be placed in the pelleting press before or after installation of the power carrier, which is advantageous in accordance with the progress of the construction of the pelleting press. Of course, a parallel assembly, for example, two segments or multiple power carrier, then the introduction of the hollow shaft and then the subsequent assembly of the remaining elements conceivable.

Preferably, the hollow shaft is first roughly stored in the pelleting press, then mounted the remaining power carrier and then the

Orientation of the shaft or the rotor relative to the partially or fully assembled stator carried out. Subsequently, the

Stator segments or individual service providers installed. If not already done during installation, the hollow shaft or the

Support structure of the driven elements mounted and a

Alignment of the internal structure of the motor, ie the rotor to the stator, carried out. Advantages of a direct drive:

Due to the close construction of a direct motor, preferably directly in the vicinity of a die or the support structure to be moved, different load in the drive train on the output side

be routed system harmless, at the same time the

Overall stiffness of the drive train significantly increased and / or the length of the drive train can be minimized. The necessary space of the pelleting press with a direct drive can be significantly optimized and reduced and it can be simple measures for noise reduction substantially realize the drive train by encapsulation. The pelleting press can be designed with a low overall height, resulting in particular advantages for supplying the pelleting press with biomass and the removal of the pellets

Next results in the advantageous arrangement of the direct drive, in particular within the necessary and stiffening support structures of the pelletizing a much stiffer drive system and

accompanied by a reduction of the wave torsion respectively of the

Drive train. If the hollow shaft is driven as a main drive shaft by far outboard motors, the torsion of the hollow shaft adversely affects the entire drive system. The longer the distance between the motor and the die plane or the roll plane, the softer the drive system becomes and it comes to Control vibrations, since the driven hollow shaft acts like a torsion spring.

It also results in an improved control and regulatory quality of the entire system pelleting press. Due to the high rigidity of the drive system and the precisely adjustable torque and

Angular position control of the drive can process data from the

Peripheral speed and thus the throughput per hour can be detected immediately. The press has no additional mechanical transmission elements (e.g., gear stages) due to the direct drive and less vibration and noise. Frictional losses, torsion, backlash, etc. are eliminated. Permanent magnet motors,

especially at a high drive power, but still have a fairly high noise level. But the improvements in terms of a compact and easily encapsulated design can easily reduce the noise emissions and also the

Overall efficiency of the press improves significantly, since significantly less unused forces occur due to the torsion or torque absorption in the bearings in a flying bearing of the engine. Further, such an embodiment can be more easily encapsulated to dampen the noises. The preferred arrangement of the direct drive would be provided between the die plane and at least one further substantially parallel spaced boundary plane, wherein the distance between the die plane and the boundary plane is +/- 500 mm along the die axis. In an alternative dimensioning rule, the force introduction regions would be arranged essentially in a transmission region, the suitable transmission region lying between the matrix plane and at least one further boundary plane, wherein the boundary planes are arranged with a limiting angle of 0 to 30 ° with respect to the matrix plane and with the matrix plane has a common point of intersection S on the die axis.

Particularly preferred is a limiting angle of 0 to 25 °, in particular from 0 to 20 °.

As already stated, in the pelleting press the die and / or at least one roller can be moved in at least one press frame by means of the drive. Preferably, at least partially, the stator is operatively connected to a press frame. The direct drive is preferably a permanent magnet motor with permanent magnets arranged on the rotor. Other direct drives with direct shaft drive, other or newer direct drives can be provided, as a shaft here preferably the hollow shaft or an equivalent support structure for the

Drive / storage of at least two rolls and / or the die is considered. Preferably, the stator of the drive is designed in a segmented embodiment, wherein in combination at least two electrotechnically separately controllable power carrier are arranged. at several service providers can be installed individually or in groups. Even with a segmented stator can at least one

Power carrier to be arranged on at least one press frame. It is further preferred that the rotor of the drive integral with the die and / or the support plate and / or the support structure of the

Roller connection or the die is executed. The direct drive is preferably arranged in its, in particular in the central (geometric center), plane perpendicular to the die axis, wherein the plane

at least through a roller, through an axis of the rollers, through the die, a support structure to be assigned thereto and / or is guided by a hollow shaft. This ensures at the same time that unnecessary torsional moments are avoided on an extended support structure or a hollow shaft to avoid torsional stresses. At least the stator of the drive should consist of at least two power sources, the power carrier should be designed as a separate and interchangeable units and the performers should be individually or partially operatively connected to a control unit by means of supply lines. In terms of the many possibilities, procedures can also be

especially for operating a pelleting press, recognize from the above possibilities. Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and the following

Description with the drawing out. Show it:

1 shows a plan view of a circular flat die and a plurality of rolls rolling thereon in four pressing devices or press racks, wherein the flat die is movably mounted in the press racks in this preferred embodiment and rotates about its axis,

FIG. 2 shows a side view in section according to FIG. 1

3 shows a comparison of two different press racks with a C-frame (left) and a one-piece window frame (right),

Figure 4 shows two side views of a multi-part press frame

respectively a built press frame with highlighted representation of possible adjusting devices for adjusting the position of the die and / or the rollers to each other,

Figure 5 shows a multi-part construction of a movable but also stationary

Supporting device for a die consisting of a support table and two coaxial support rings with an original drive, Figure 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a foundation-based

Pelleting press, FIG. 7 shows a possible embodiment of the embodiment of the rotor or the arrangement of a stator on a separate stator carrier,

8 shows a further variation of the drive with an expanded composite of the rotor not only with the support structure (support rings) but with a support plate supporting the die for the most direct possible transmission of drive force to the die, without the replaceable die being part of the rotor,

Figure 9 shows an alternative pelleting press with a coaxial with the central

Die axis arranged hollow shaft for receiving the driving forces of the direct drive outside the diameter of the die for moving the rollers,

Figure 10 shows four schematic sectional views of a direct drive

consisting of a stator and a rotor on a hollow shaft with a different number of power carriers,

Figure 11 shows a possible representation of a direct drive with a the

Permanent magnets enveloping a rotor

Achievers,

FIG. 12 shows another possible alternative of a direct drive with radially outer permanent magnets for simplified disassembly and assembly,

FIG. 13 shows a particularly preferred arrangement of two direct drives for mutual magnetic force compensation. FIG. 1 shows a pelleting press 3 with four pressing devices 12 in a preferred exemplary embodiment. However, a plurality of pressing devices 12 may preferably be arranged in the pelleting press 3, in some cases depending on the inner or outer diameter of the die. In the present preferred embodiment, while the die 4 is movably mounted with the rolling surface 19 for the rollers 5 in the pressing devices 12 and by at least one motor (not shown) for

Execution of a circular movement about the axis of the die 4 driven. Optional motors for driving the rollers 5 in the

Pressing devices 12 are not shown.

In Figure 2 can be seen in a section of Figure 1, the pelleting press 3 on a foundation 14, wherein in the schematic sectional view of a press frame 21 with a multi-part press frame, which is arranged at least from a lower crosshead 7 and two pull tabs 6, wherein in the Pull tabs mounted axle 16 of the roller 5 by means of corresponding machine elements, respectively bearing, is movably held. During rolling on the rolling surface 19 of the die 4, the biomass 1 is pressed through the holes 13 to pellets 10. The entry of the biomass 1 between the side walls 11 of the pelleting press 3 is shown only schematically. The die 4 driven in this example is supported by bearings on the lower crosshead 7 and thus effectively and uniformly closes the present load flow. Next to the Self-weight of the rollers 5 can also be arranged adjusting devices (22 visible in Figure 4), in addition to any necessary

Distance adjustment between roller 5 and die 4 also for a necessary force on the material to be pressed, respectively, the biomass 1, can provide. It is understandable that in the drawing, the representation of the pressing device 12 and the press racks 21 has priority and has been omitted for reasons of clarity on the representation of obvious and known mechanical system parts. To illustrate possible variants of a built press frame 21, the pressing device 12 on the left side no own upper crosshead 8, as shown in the right-hand illustration. With the help of appropriate bearings, the axis 16 of the roller 5 can take over the function of the upper crosshead 8. In a preferred embodiment, multipart

Press frame latches or bolts 15, with which they can be disassembled quickly. It is helpful if parts of the

Press frame 21 attack surfaces 17 have, with which a

Lifting device, such as a crane hook (not shown) and / or at least one forklift fork, with a part of the press frame 21 is operatively connected and at least remove this part of the pelleting press 3 or can also bring. If, for example, the bolts 15 are released at the lower crosshead 7 of the press frame 7, the two pull tabs 6 with the roller 5 and the axis 16 are easily pulled out of the pelleting press 3 upwards. Particularly advantageous is this method, because the lower crosshead 7 continues on the

Foundation 14 may remain and the storage of the die 4 during a resumed operation of the pelleting press 3 can continue to perform. It is particularly preferred that this variant with an additional or in the case of insertion or removal of a segment of the multi-part press frame 21 attachable or existing upper crosshead 8. It should be noted that when using a multi-part annular die this can be disassembled and a closed window frame 20th can also be removed from the pelleting press, if necessary.

Figure 3 shows a comparison of two different press racks 21 with a C-frame 18 and a one-piece window frame 20. Also shown in contrary, that the roller 5, respectively the axis 16, is mounted on the left side of the figure in its own support arms 26, whereas on the right side of the figure, the roller 5 are arranged in the vertical branches of the closed window frame 20. These two

Alternatives would of course be interchangeable and depending on

Embodiment of the pelleting press 3 also conceivable in other variants, in particular in a non-illustrated rotation of the rollers 5 and a stationary die. 4 FIG. 4 shows two side views of a multi-part press frame 21 of a pressing device 12 with a prominent illustration of possible adjusting devices 22 for adjusting the position of the die 4 and / or the rollers 5 relative to one another. In this case, for adjusting the roller 5 in or on the press frame 21 in at least one pull tab, a window 25 or an equivalent opening or attached thereto a projection on which at least one actuator 22 and / or a bearing 24 is arranged so that the roller 5 as with a double arrow shown in the vertical of the die 4 away or on the die 4 is movable. The bearings 9 of the die 4 can be adjustably arranged by means of an adjusting device 22. In particular, with a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement, forces in the pressing device for promoting the pressing of the biomass can be effected. Advantageously, the adjusting device can also act as a vibration damper of the pelleting press 3. An exemplary radially arranged guide means 23 may be arranged on the press frame 21 in order to assist in the guidance or in the concentricity of the die 4.

In a height-adjustable die 4 is particularly advantageous that the expansion of a bearing 9 is simplified from the press frame 21 when the actuators extend 22 further press racks 21 and raise the die. Alternatively, of course, the die 4 can also be raised by means of external aids or it will be the first Pull tabs 6 raised after removal of the bolt 15 and then changed the bearings 6. However, this is rarely necessary because according to the teachings of the invention improved accessibility of the pressing device 12 in the pelleting press is possible, which greatly facilitates cleaning and maintenance. In particular, it is possible within the Matrizenringes 5 perform work in circular matrices. In one embodiment of a pelleting press 3 with a moving die 4 and stationary rolls 5 it makes sense at least two

Pressing devices 12, more preferably at least three

Pressing devices 12 to provide. For a high production capacity, the number of pressing devices is dependent on the size or the size of the die 5. With a small number of pressing devices, it may be necessary to provide additional bearings outside the pressing devices to ensure the stability of the moving parts during operation. Incidentally, it may be useful to provide the motors for driving the die and / or rollers directly in the press racks. Thus, the necessary drive power, which is usually dependent on the number of rollers directly to the number of pressing devices (rollers) can be adjusted.

Incidentally, a pressing device 12 may also be composed of a plurality of press racks if it requires the layout of the pelleting press 3. For example, a press frame of several to each other parallel C and / or window frame or multi-part

Window frame exist. A preferred embodiment is when in a pressing device 12 always only one die 4 or at least one roller 5 is arranged stationary, wherein each of the compressive

Counter bearing performs a relative movement and accordingly in the

Pressing device 12 respectively stored the press frame. The supported counter bearing (usually the die) passes through in the course of

Production of further pressing devices or press racks. Of course, the rollers 5 may be movably mounted in the pressing device and the die 4 stands still. In this case, the support means of the rollers 5 in the course of manufacture, the other pressing devices or press racks, if present.

A preferred application would be a fundamental one

Pelleting press. In this case, in a pressing device 12, a C or U frame which is open on one side is arranged such that the open side is in the direction of

Foundation 14 is arranged and the die 4 is guided through the resulting opening. The bearings 9 can be arranged directly on the foundation 14, or on the foundation a corresponding guide is arranged when the bearings 9 are arranged on the table device, respectively the support rings 8 and / or the support plate 31. In a multi-part or a one-piece press frame, the pull tabs 6 or the press frame could by means of bolts 15 at one of the foundation 14th be arranged fixed fastener. Both press racks can be lifted off the foundation, preferably after opening a quick release device. In both variants, the foundation substitutes the necessary lower crosshead.

5 shows a multi-part construction of a movable support device for a die 4 consisting of a support plate 31 and two coaxial

Supporting rings 30 shown with an exemplary drive 27. Depending on the applied torque, it may be necessary to make the teeth of the transmission as large as possible and to overlap several machine elements.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary application of a

In this case, a cantilevered C- or U-frame is arranged on the right side in such a way that the open side is arranged in the direction of the foundation 14 and the die 4 is guided through the opening thus created. The bearings 9 can be arranged directly on the foundation 14, or on the foundation is a

appropriate guide arranged when the bearings 9 at the

Table device, respectively the support rings 8 and / or the support plate 31, are arranged. On the left side of a multi-part press frame is shown, which is fixed by means of bolts 15 to a fastening means arranged on the foundation 14. Both press racks can, preferably after opening a quick-release device, lift off the foundation. In both variants, the foundation substitutes the necessary lower crosshead. In Figure 6 left, the die 4 is mounted only on the support plate 31, in which case clearly the opposite openings 28 should be shown per bore 13, wherein the apertures are larger than the holes 13 and accordingly no verpressender component of the die 4.

Incidentally, a pressing device 12 may also be constructed of a plurality of press racks 21, as required by the design of the pelleting press 3. For example, a press frame can consist of several C and / or window frames 18, 20 or multi-part window frames 6, 7 (8) arranged parallel to one another. Preferably, the

Press racks 21 operatively connected by means of a connection in the region of the foundation 14 and / or substantially in the region of the rollers 5 (not shown). It is also conceivable that bearings 9 bearings on

Press frame 21 or on the support rings 8 or on the support plate 31 are arranged, wherein in an arrangement of the rolling bearing to the

Supporting rings 8 or on the support plate 31 a press racks 21st

connecting rolling surface is arranged for the bearing.

FIG. 7 shows an indirect drive of the die 4, which is mounted on at least one, preferably two concentrically mounted support rings 30 is. At least one of the support rings 30 forms a part of the rotor 37 and is driven by means of the stator 36 of the drive 27, wherein the stator 36 is fixedly mounted on a stator support 38 operatively connected to the foundation.

FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment in which the die 4 is arranged on a support plate 31, which in turn is connected to the support rings 30

is actively connected. The rotor 37 is directly operatively connected to the support plate 31 and / or with the support rings 30th

FIG. 9 shows an alternative of a pelleting press 3 with an externally arranged hollow shaft 39 and a direct drive attached thereto as the drive 27. The hollow shaft 39 additionally or at least partially forms the rotor 37, which projects beyond the fixed stator 36 and therein

arranged power carriers 34 is driven. The rollers are mounted flying on the outer hollow shaft 39. As an alternative to this arrangement, a support structure in which the shafts 5 and their axes are supported could also be driven via the rotor 37.

FIG. 10 shows in four schematic sectional views of a drive 27 designed as a direct drive, consisting of a stator 36 comprising a plurality of power carriers 34 and a rotor 37, operatively connected to a die, a die holding the die 4 (support plate) or the like shown. In this case, the stator 36 of the motor 27 consists of twenty-eight (FIG. 10a), twelve (FIG. 10b), eight (FIG. 10c) or optionally six (FIG. 10d) power carriers 34, which are independent and

exchangeable units are executed. The power carrier 34 are arranged radially to the die axis 35 and the power carrier 34 are individually or in sections with a control unit 41 by means of

Supply lines 42 operatively connected. The not marked by a lightning bolt and thus free areas for optional service provider 34 are the clarity and better representation of interchangeable service provider 34 owed. Of course, it is also conceivable that, for example, always three power carrier 34th

are arranged side by side, leaving a free area. In particular, it is advantageous if at least two power carriers 34 with an equivalent power and / or an equivalent outer shape are arranged at a plurality of power carriers 34. Under

Shaping is understood to mean the external size or the arrangement of significant mounting elements. The power carriers 34 are preferably arranged in groups of at least two. Not shown is the ability to connect the power carrier 34 directly or indirectly via a suitable support with the press frame 21 of a pressing device 12 or a stator 38. FIGS. 10b and 10c show the possibility that either centrally on the stator 36 or on at least one power carrier 34 at least one cooling device 34 is arranged.

FIGS. 10c and 10d show the individual supply lines and their exemplary path to a control unit 41, which preferably consists of at least one frequency converter. In FIG. 10 c, the supply lines 42 are to supply segments 44

summarized and are optionally supplied directly or a combined station of control unit 41 and cooling device 43. This is particularly useful if the control unit 41 requires constant cooling. It is not shown that at least parts of the stator 36 and / or supply lines 42 can form a mounting unit.

Figures 11 and 12 show a conventional and a particularly preferred embodiment of the direct drive as a drive 18. In FIG. 11, a drive 27 is arranged as a direct drive on a hollow shaft. Directly opposite a coaxial with the hollow shaft, or to the die axis 35, a stator 36 is arranged, the plurality of drive units respectively

Achievement carrier 34 has. According to Figure 12, the power carrier 34 are U-shaped, wherein the stator 36 engages with the permanent magnet disposed thereon in the opening of the U-shaped power carrier 34. In this case, the permanent magnets 33 are particularly preferably arranged on both sides or on the axial outer-side end faces of the rotor 36. Preferably, the power carrier 34 in your Property for providing a drive torque over the

Permanent magnets Drive windings or coils, which are flowed through with electricity. With regard to a method for producing a pelleting press 3, which is not shown in any more detail in the figures, at least the rotor 37 is moved into the at least partially assembled pelleting press 3 without or at least part of the hollow shaft and is provisionally held or ready for operation essentially in the area of the motor 27 then the stator 36 by the assembly of individual power carrier 34 or by the assembly of a prefabricated assembly group of at least two

Power carrier 34 is made in the field of drive. Particularly preferably, the power carriers 34 are connected individually or in sections to a control unit 41 by means of supply lines 42.

The power carriers 34 essentially correspond to a motor coil with which the permanent magnets 33 can be driven. The more motor coils are arranged, the more power can be generated on the rotor 37 and the drive power increases accordingly.

Preference is given to the permanent magnets and / or the

Power carrier / motor coils in the pelleting press 3 arranged such that there is a magnetic force compensation (Figures 11 and 12). Of course, this magnetic force compensation is not always feasible when For example, the space for the drive is limited or is location-related in the context of construction and design of the machine elements. Also, problems can occur when installing a large

Direct drive, especially with problematic space conditions result, which require a special type of drive itself or only allow.

According to FIG. 13, at least two, preferably separately controllable, drives 27 are provided as a direct execution along the die axis, wherein in a one-sided spoke arrangement (FIG. 11 is a two-sided spoke arrangement for the permanent magnets) as shown in this figure, the permanent magnets only on one surface side of the rotor are arranged. This results in uncompensated

Magnetic forces acting on the hollow shaft and the rotor along the die axis, since the die axis is perpendicular to the die surface and corresponds to the axis of rotation of the die. This representation is very schematic and not provided with reference numerals. With regard to the method, it can be stated that a partial or a

Segmented stator could be suitably put over such a rotor. However, the stator does not have to be executed in the drawn U-shape, but also other common geometric

Shapes are tuned to the properties of the drive and the installation space conceivable. Reference 1390/1409:

1. Biomass 23. Guidance agents

2. Compaction space 24. Bearing axis 16

3. Pelleting press 25. Window

4. Die 26. Support arms

5th roller 27. Drive

6. Pull tab 28. Openings

7th lower crosshead 29th annulus

8th upper crosshead 30th support ring

9. Bearing Die 31. Support plate

10. Pellets 32. Pressing direction

11. Sidewall 33. Permanent magnet

12. Pressing device 34. Service provider

13. bores 35. die axis

14. Foundation 36. Stator

15. Bolt 37. Rotor

16th axle roller 5 38th stator carrier

17. Attack surface 39. Hollow shaft

18. C-frame 40th level of the drive 18

19. Rolling surface 41. Control unit

20. Window frame 42. Supply line

21. Press frame 43. Cooling device

22. Actuator 44. Supply segment

Claims

claims

Pelleting press for the production of pellets (10) from to

Pressing material, preferably from biomass (1) for use as fuel in fireplaces, wherein the biomass (1) consists of cellulose and / or lignocellulose fibers, chips, or chips, wherein in the pelleting press (3) by means of at least one pressing device (12 ), consisting of a roller (5) rolling on a die (4), the biomass (1) is pressed through the bores (13) of the die (4) into pellets (10), the die (4) and / or the roller (5) are movable relative to each other during production,

characterized in that

in the pelleting press (3) at least one pressing device (12) consisting of at least one roller (5) and / or the die (4) is arranged within a press frame (21),

wherein as press frame (21) at least one C-frame (18) and / or at least one window frame (20) is arranged.

Pelleting press according to claim 1, characterized in that for generating a relative movement at least the roller (5) and / or the die (4) is arranged movably by means of at least one drive.

3. pelleting press according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that within the pelleting press (3), preferably within the press frame (21), at least one guide means (23) for guiding the movable die (4) and / or the roller (5 ) is arranged.

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rollers (5) and / or the die (4) in the press frame (21) by means of adjusting devices (22) are arranged movable in relation to each other.

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the pressing device (12) a single or a multi-part press frame (21) is arranged.

6. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the press frame (21) of the pressing device (12) engaging surfaces (17) are arranged for the forks of a forklift or crane hooks. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of pressing devices (12) are arranged in the pelleting press (3). 8. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Pressing devices (12) are preferably arranged uniformly along the die (4). 9. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pressing device (12) at least one

Scattering device, a scattering guide and / or a side wall (11) is arranged.

10. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that at least one bearing (9, 24) and / or a guide means (23) for the rollers (5) and / or the die (4) outside a press frame (12) is arranged.

11. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that between Die (4) and the bearing (9) has two holes (13) exposed coaxial support rings are arranged.

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Production of the relative movement between the roller (5) and the die (4) at least one drive (27) as a direct drive with a rotor (37) and at least one stator (36) is arranged and that for moving the die (4) of the rotor ( 37) of the drive (27) on a support plate (31) and / or at least on a support ring (30) and / or on the die (4) itself is arranged

and / or that for the simultaneous movement of a plurality of rollers (5), the rotor (37) of the drive (27) is arranged on a hollow shaft (39) operatively connected to the axes (16) of the rollers (5).

Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (36) is operatively connected to at least one press frame (21). Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that as

Direct drive a Permanetmagnetmotor is arranged and the permanent magnets (33) on the rotor (37) are arranged.

14. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator

(36) of the drive (27) is arranged in a segmented embodiment.

15. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a segmented stator (36) at least two electrotechnically separately controllable power carrier (34) are arranged.

16. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a segmented stator (36) at least one power carrier (34) on at least one press frame (21) is arranged.

17. pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor

(37) of the drive (27) integral with the die (4) and / or with the support plate (31) of the die (4) and / or at least one support ring (30) of the die (4) or a hollow shaft (39) for the

Axles (16) of the rollers (5) or the die (4) is executed. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the stator (36) of the drive (27) consists of at least two

Service providers (34), the service providers (34) as

independent and interchangeable units are executed and the power carrier (34) individually or in sections with a control unit (41) by means of supply lines (42)

are actively connected. 19. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that at several power carriers (34) at least two power carriers (34) are arranged with an equivalent power and / or an equivalent outer shape.

20. Pelleting press according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the

Achievement carrier (34) are arranged in groups of at least two.