WO2011012290A1

WO2011012290A1 - Press having a direct-driven crank drive

Info

Publication number: WO2011012290A1
Application number: PCT/EP2010/004596
Authority: WO
Inventors: Matthias Graf
Original assignee: Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg
Priority date: 2009-07-29
Filing date: 2010-07-27
Publication date: 2011-02-03
Also published as: DE102009035214A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a press (21) having at least one press frame (9), a table mounted therein and a tappet (5) driven by at least one crank drive (12) for incorporating work tools (15) or for producing work pieces by at least one production method in a tool (15), wherein a tool upper part (6) is arranged on the tappet (5) and a tool lower part (7) is arranged on the press table (8), wherein at least one crank shaft (1) having at least one crank pin (2) and at least one connecting rod (3) is arranged as a crank drive (12) and wherein at least one direct drive, directly driving the crank shaft (1), is arranged as a motor (14) for the crank shaft (1) drive, wherein at least one rotor (10) or essential parts of the rotor (10) or a motor (10) having at least one crank pin (2) and/or a part of the crank shaft (1) is arranged as a machine element.

Description

Press with a directly driven crank mechanism

The invention relates to a press with a directly driven crank mechanism according to the preamble of claim 1.

Manufacturing machines with a reversing ram usually have a motor drive and a crank mechanism, the

Rotational movement of the drive in a linear and reversing

Movement transforms. Usually, such manufacturing equipment is used as presses for forming or cutting workpieces. In particular, the automotive industry required press lines, consisting of several successively arranged presses and associated

Transport system, for example, from simple supplied coils (flat roll metal tape) complicated geometries, such as fenders,

Vehicle doors, catalyst cases and much more to manufacture.

In particular, high-speed presses are designed as mechanical presses as shown above.

In the prior art, many different terminologies have become common, so that in the course of some terms used and explained their best-known synonyms are presented without claim to completeness. A crank mechanism, according to the invention is a drive which can transform a rotational movement (from a motor) into a linear movement and finds in the literature as an eccentric drive or

Thrust crank drive or the like precipitated. As stated above, the main task of the crank mechanism is to convert a rotational movement into a translational movement, using an eccentric or, as will be the case, a crankshaft. On the crankshaft there is an eccentric bearing, which is mounted outside the axis of rotation of the crankshaft, or in the further crankpin, on which a thrust linkage, referred to as the connecting rod, is usually arranged.

The power flow of the drive can from the smallest possible denominator of the crank mechanism, a crankshaft and a crank pin, to a plunger over several stations such as cranks, joint drives, u. a. or just a connecting rod.

Next is the term press frame for the supporting frame of the press. For the purposes of the invention all press frames are included in their possible embodiments thereof, such as built press frame of several items (top crosshead and bottom, side stand) as well as press frame in window frame construction.

Direct drives and servo presses are characterized by the fact that through the use of, preferably DC motors, via a

Press stroke (OT - UT - OT) to set different speed gradients. Even a pendulum lifting operation is possible without one Perpetual danger of overloading of complex gears, if they exist.

From DE 28 40 710 a drive system for a forming machine has become known that shows a direct drive for a drive system of a press. The shaft output of the direct drive is still translated via a gear before the driving force on the shaft on a

Crankshaft and finally can be transferred to a crank pin.

From DE 102 60 127 A1 also a direct drive has become known, which is flanged on the outside on a shaft and emits its driving force without the aid of a transmission gear directly to the crankshaft.

All these disclosures show the serious drawback that the engine via a clutch or by directly put on the

Main drive shaft (flange, clamping set or splined shaft) with the

Main drive shaft must be connected. Especially with large forces in large presses limit these shaft-hub connections the ability to design a press even at high forces smaller and especially with a low moment of inertia. Also, these compounds are extremely vulnerable to alternating load operation, for example, a pendulum stroke, and for incidents. An overload protection for a malfunction (classic case is a workpiece coming from two boards in the press) must be designed so that the shaft-hub connections are not damaged in the event of a fault. But that in turn reduces the

Continuous load capacity of the overload protection, which triggers in heavily loaded presses with poor or incorrect sizing in normal operation. Another disadvantage is that the motor is arranged outside the supporting structures of the press or the press head and brings with it corresponding problems in terms of installation space, noise protection and the rigidity of the drive system. The object of the invention is to provide a press that optimizes the previously known drive trains in a press in the field of stiffness, power flow and continuous load capacity. Next, a press, especially a large press with high tonnage, to be created, which can do without a high mass in the drive train in the crankshaft and thus is also suitable for a pendulum stroke.

At the same time the necessary space of the press with a

Direct drive significantly optimized and reduced and it can be simple measures for noise reduction of the drive train by encapsulation of the engine installed essentially adjacent to the crank mechanism realize.

The solution of the problem for a press according to the invention can be found in the characterizing part of claim 1. With the construction according to the invention, the following advantages result: The press can be designed with a short overall length, in particular in an arrangement of the direct drive within the support structure (press frame), which is particularly advantageous for servo presses in press lines for the production of large body parts. To the

To keep transport distances between the presses as short as possible, the presses must be close to each other. The shorter the distance, the faster the transfer times. Large presses are usually with four pressure points

(Connecting rod or joint gear connections) carried out on the plunger. The distances transversely and longitudinally between the pressure points or the connecting rods, can not be chosen arbitrarily, but must be selected according to aspects with regard to the reduction of the ram deflection. Thus, for example, in the passage direction (= axial direction of the main drive shaft) of the press, a connecting rod distance of 1,800 mm result. The length of the press head in the direction of passage is thus determined by the connecting rod distance and the necessary structure of the main bearing and support structures.

The advantages of the invention also show an improved control and regulation quality of the system in this context. Due to the high rigidity of the drive system and the precisely adjustable torque and angular position control of the engine, there is no measurable deviation between two crankpins and thus at the connecting rods on a crankshaft. The process data can additionally be recorded immediately. The press points through the

Direct drive no additional mechanical transmission links (e.g., gear stages). The parameters measured on the motor, such as speed, torque and angular position, can be converted without errors into ram speed, pressing force and ram position. Falsifications due to frictional losses or torsion, backlash etc. are excellently eliminated.

Permanent magnet motors, especially at a high drive power, have a fairly high noise level. By installing in the

Press head, can by relatively simple measures, the

Noise emissions are easily reduced, e.g. by closing the press head at the top and bottom.

Also, the overall efficiency of the press improves significantly, as much less unused forces by the twist or the

Torque absorption in the bearings occur in a flying bearing of the engine. In a particular embodiment, the stator of the direct drive can be supported in the press head and / or with a

appropriate torque support be provided. Compared to a conventional direct drive, the engine thus has no own storage and the bearing of the rotor within the stator is characterized by the

Main bearing of the crankshaft with taken over. As a result, no additional losses are incurred. In a particularly preferred embodiment, especially in large tonnage high tonnage, the direct drive is placed on the supporting part of the crankshaft, ie it is located between the pressing force receiving main bearings of the mechanical drive. Preferably, the motor is then also between the main carrying

Support structures (at least two press frames of the press) and

concentric with the main drive shaft (crankshaft). The connecting rods or, in the case of joint drives, the pivoting levers leading to the connecting rod can either be located on the left and right of the engine and thus between the engine and the main bearing (support structure of the press head) or on one side between the engine and one of the main bearings

Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and the following

Description with the drawing out.

Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a mechanical press with a

Press frame and a press table, wherein in the upper part of the press, in the head area, the drive system consisting of two crank gears, each with a crankshaft, a crank pin and a ram operatively connected

Connecting rod, FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment in side view according to FIG. 1, wherein two connecting rods are also arranged on a tappet, these being driven separately from one another via a crank drive, wherein the crankshaft is replaced by a thru axle and carries an eccentric wheel with a motor arranged directly thereon,

Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the press drive in

Side view of Figure 2, wherein the engine is disposed on a crankshaft between two crankpins,

Figure 4 is a schematic view of a preferred

Reaction compensation of two driven crankshafts with a bearing of the engine on the crankshaft,

Figure 5 is a side view of Figure 4 showing the storage of

Engines on the crankshaft,

Figure 6 shows a further preferred embodiment of the crank mechanism with a joint drive and

Figure 7 shows a possible arrangement of the press according to the invention in one

Press line. According to Figure 1, the press 21 is at least a press frame 9, a table 8 mounted therein and one by means of at least one

Crank drive 12 driven ram 5. Preferably, this press 21 for incorporation of tools 15 or for the production of workpieces (not shown) by means of at least one manufacturing method used in a tool 15, wherein the tool at least one

Tool upper part 6 on the plunger 5 and a lower tool part 7 on the press table 8 consists. At least one crankshaft 1 with at least one crank pin 2 and at least one connecting rod 3 is arranged as the crank drive 12, with at least one direct drive driving directly the crankshaft 1 being provided as the motor 14 for driving the crankshaft 1. In the crank mechanism 12, also called eccentric, may be arranged instead of the connecting rod 3 or between the connecting rod and the crank pin, a hinge drive or a crank or similar intermediate devices, usually for lifting height adjustment, from

For safety reasons or to adjust the sine wave of the

Movement course of the plunger are used.

In particular, to drive a toggle lever drive, a joint drive, another crank mechanism or a combination thereof, the crank mechanism 12 is operatively connected thereto, wherein these are in turn arranged operatively connected to the ram 5 on the output side.

Referring to Figure 2, the engine is substantially adjacent to one

Crankpin 2 is arranged on the crankshaft 1. Depending on the embodiment and the definition situation, a so-called crank disk may be integrated in or on the engine. Preferably, the stator of the motor is designed so that this assumes the function of the crank disc and the crank pin outside the central axis of the crankshaft 1 leads.

Preferably, a rotor (10) or essential parts of the rotor (10) of an engine (10) with at least one crank pin (2) and / or part of the crankshaft (1) is designed as a one-piece machine element.

In the case of two crankpins (2) arranged on the crankshaft (1), at least one motor (14) can be arranged between the crankpins (2).

As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the rotor 10 of the motor 14 can be arranged on the crankshaft, wherein according to FIG

Thru axis 27 a crank mechanism 12 leads, by means of bearings 29 on the

Thrust axle 27 is mounted. In this embodiment, preferably rotates only the eccentric 26, which as a one-piece machine element

Crankshaft 2 and the rotor 10 is formed. Already here shows the most extreme minimization of the moving mass for a press 21st

Outgoing from the structure, the two bearings 29 between the thru-axle 27 and the eccentric 26 rotatably mounted on the axle 27 can also be designed as a continuous main bearing 29. For torque compensation and / or for mounting of the motor 14, a holder 30 is provided, which is connected at the top to the press frame 9. The motor 14 has as a direct drive usually a stator 4 with a drive winding 23 and a rotor 10 disposed therein with permanent magnets 23 and would then be designed as a permanent magnet motor. According to FIG. 3, at least one engine 14 is arranged between the crankpins 2 on at least two crankpins 2 on a crankshaft 1.

In particular, a symmetrical arrangement is preferable in a plurality of motors or crankpins. It can thus be provided that, in the case of several motors 14 and a plurality of crankpins 2, at least two motors 14 are symmetrical to one of the central axes of the

Press frame and / or one of the central axes of the plunger 5 and / or to the longitudinal center of the crankshaft 1 and / or arrangement of the crank pin 2 on the crankshaft 1 are arranged. It would also be advantageous if the rotor 10 of the motor 14 and the crankshaft 1 and / or the crank pin 2 consist of a one-piece machine element. Also, in the crank mechanism 12, a height adjustment for the stroke of the plunger 5 may be arranged. An overload protection 11 preserves the press

Incidents of major damage and decoupled in the event of damage

Connecting rods 3 from the ram 5.

Preferably, the stator 4 of the motor 14 is arranged with a holder 30 for receiving the reaction torques substantially within the press frame 9 and / or the head region above the up and down plunger 5. Alternatively, the stator 4 of the engine 14 may be arranged to the crankshaft 1 and / or the rotor 10 without a bearing. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the stator 4 is guided coaxially to the crankshaft 1 and / or the rotor via the bearings of the crankshaft. In this case, the stator 4 of a motor 14 may be arranged on a bearing 31 on the rotor 10 and to compensate for the torques occurring on the stator 4 a

Torque support 32 with connection to the press frame 9 make sense. In particular, according to Figure 4 shows that at two

arranged crankshafts 1 each stator 4 of a motor 14 is disposed on a bearing 31 on the rotor 10 and to compensate for the torques occurring at the stators 4 a torque arm 32 with connection to the engine 14 on the adjacent crankshaft first

arranged a mutual support of the torques allows. This has particular advantages with respect to the vibration transmission to the press frame 9.

As shown, the motor 14 and the crank mechanism 12 may be disposed within a support structure formed by the press frame 9, wherein in particular press force of over 200 tons, preferably over 500 tons, more preferably over 800 tons can be effected in such press frame. In particular, in such presses, the stroke of the plunger 5 of over 300 m, preferably over 600 mm, more preferably of over 900 mm possible. Preference is given to the press 21 for a manufacturing process, at least the primary forming, the separation, the joining, the coating and / or the forming, in particular the

Metal forming, includes, uses. FIG. 6 shows, instead of a crank mechanism 12, which has a joint drive 33 instead of the connecting rods 3. FIG. 7 shows the use of the press 21 as the head press 18 of a press line 17, as an incorporation press for tools 15

Pressing line 17 and / or as at least one transfer press 16 in a transfer press line 17 and / or as a pre-press 19 in the production direction 20 before a transfer press line 17th

In the context of the invention, at least one rotor 10 of the motor 14 may be arranged with a flying bearing on at least one end of the crankshaft 1, provided that the execution as a one-piece

Machine element is ensured by the rotor to the crank pin. The engine or the rotor of the engine is then located outside the main bearing of the crankshaft or the supporting structure or the press frame of the press.

Preferably, the bearings 24 of the crankshaft 1 in from the

Press frame 9 removable bearing plates arranged so that a

Opening can be opened with a mounting diameter in the press frame, the diameter of preferably equal to or greater than the diameter of the rotor on the shaft respectively of the largest Diameter on the shaft corresponds. It can be helpful during assembly that a crankshaft 1 divided at least once in the longitudinal axis is arranged in the press, which has, for example, a flange connection, removable bearing journals or a shaft / hub connection.

Particularly preferably, the rotor 10 is arranged undetachably on the crankshaft 1. For this purpose, for the connection of the rotor 12 with the crankshaft 1 a shrink fit, a welded joint, a solder joint, a Reibschweißverbindung, a bond and / or another inseparable joint connection can be used. A preferred embodiment of the rotor 10 would be grooves and / or recesses for receiving the

Permanent magnets 22, which are used only after the completion of the one-piece machine element.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1. Crankshaft 20 18. Head press

2. crankpin 19. Prepress

3. Connecting rod 20. Production direction

4. Stator 21. Press

5. plunger 22. permanent magnet

6. Tool shell 25 23. Drive winding

7. Tool base 24. Bearings in 9

8. Table 25. Bearing cover

9. Press frame 26. Eccentric wheel

10. Rotor 27. thru-axle

11. Overload protection 30 28. Mounting opening

12. Crank drive 29. Bearing for 26

13. 30. Bracket

14. Engine 31. Engine mounts

15. Tool 32. Torque support

16. Heat press 35 33. Joint drive

17. Transfer press line

Claims

claims

1. Press (21) with at least one press frame (9), a table mounted therein and one by means of at least one crank drive

(12) driven ram (5) for incorporation of tools (15) or for the production of workpieces by means of at least one manufacturing method in a tool (15), wherein a

Tool upper part (6) on the plunger (5) and a lower tool part (7) on the press table (8) is arranged, wherein as a crank mechanism

(12) at least one crankshaft (1) with at least one

Crank pin (2) and at least one connecting rod (3) is arranged, and being arranged as the motor (14) for driving the crankshaft (1) at least one directly the crankshaft (1) driving direct drive, characterized in that at least one rotor ( 10) or essential parts of the rotor (10) of an engine (10) with at least one crank pin (2) and / or a part of the crankshaft (1) is arranged as a machine element.

2. Press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at two arranged crankpins (2) on the

Crankshaft (1) at least one motor (14) between the

Crank pin (2) is arranged, wherein the one or more rotors (10) the engine (14) with at least one crankpin (2) and / or a part of the crankshaft (1) as a one-piece

Machine element are executed.

3. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one motor (14) at least two crank pin (2) between the

Crank pin (2) is arranged.

4. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at several motors (14) and a plurality of crank pin (2) at least two motors (14) symmetrically to one of the central axes of the press frame and / or one of the central axes of the plunger (5 )and or

to the longitudinal center of the crankshaft (1) and / or arrangement of the crank pin (2) on the crankshaft (1) are arranged.

5. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the crank mechanism (12) a height adjustment for the stroke of the plunger (5) is arranged.

6. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the Crankshaft (12) and the plunger (5) a toggle lever drive and / or a hinge drive is arranged.

7. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for driving a

Knee lever drive, a joint drive, another crank mechanism or a combination thereof, the crank mechanism (12) with these

is arranged operatively connected, which in turn are arranged on the output side with the plunger (5) operatively connected.

8. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a permanent magnet motor is arranged as a motor (14).

9. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one rotor (10) of the motor (14) is arranged with a flying bearing on at least one end of the crankshaft (1).

10. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearings (24) of the crankshaft (1) are arranged in removable from the press frame (9) Lagerschildem.

11. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the longitudinal axis at least once divided crankshaft (1) is arranged.

(For example, via flange connection removable trunnion or shaft / hub connections).

12. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (10) on the crankshaft (1) is arranged undetachable.

13. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for connection of the rotor (12) with the crankshaft (1) a shrink fit, a welded joint, a solder joint, a

Reibschweißverbindung, a bond and / or another inseparable joint connection is arranged.

14. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the rotor (10) grooves and / or depressions for receiving the

Permanent magnets (22) are arranged.

15. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 11, characterized

in that the stator (4) is arranged coaxially with the crankshaft (1) and / or the rotor is guided over the bearings of the crankshaft.

16. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (4) of a motor (14) on a bearing (31) on the rotor (10) is arranged and to compensate for the torques occurring on the

Stator (4) a torque arm (32) is arranged with connection to the press frame (9).

17. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that arranged at two

Crankshafts (1) each stator (4) of a motor (14) on a bearing (31) on the rotor (10) is arranged and to compensate for the torques occurring at the stators (4) a

Torque support (32) with connection to the engine (14) on the adjacent crankshaft (1) is arranged.

18. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor (14) and the Crank drive (12) is disposed within a through the press frame (9) formed support structure.

19. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a pressing force of over 200

Tons, preferably over 500 tons, more preferably over 800 tons.

20. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a stroke of the plunger (5) of over 300 m, preferably over 600 mm, more preferably of over 900 mm.

21. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by the use of the press (21) for a manufacturing process comprising at least the primary molding, the separation, the joining, the coating and / or the forming, in particular the metal forming.

22. Press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by the use of the press (21) as a head press (18) or as a dressing press for tools of a press line and / or as at least one transfer press in a transfer press line (17) and / or as a pre-press (19) in the production direction (20) in front of a transfer press line (17).