EP2490886B1 - Working method and assembly for operating presses - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a method for operating presses with plunger and tool, such as forming presses or cutting presses, e.g. Large step-presses, transfer presses, multi-ram transfer presses, such forming presses or cutting presses also classified in press lines.

State of the art

Such types of forming presses, press lines or cutting presses essentially have the steps of feeding, possibly centering, shaping or cutting and depositing the parts with integrated transfer steps for the parts. As a rule, means for a transfer system for transporting the parts to be formed or formed or to be cut or cut, if appropriate also via a centering system, are provided for this purpose. The interaction of these steps and systems is matched to the clocked mold strokes or cutting strokes of the respective forming press or cutting press. Both the clocked operation to be observed and in particular the superimposition of movement processes for the pressing and the transfer of the parts to be machined require distances which lead to a so-called free movement of the press. This required clearance is an essential criterion for the kinematic and structural design or design of presses of the type mentioned.

Due to the complexity of the processes and systems of these types of presses, they are subject to an intensified demand program on the part of the market both with regard to a cost reduction of the press itself and its drive trains and the peripheral devices, as well as the increase in their performance.

• der Konstruktion mittels Materialeinsparungen und
• der Verfahrensabläufe

zu senken.It is now obvious to investigate the forming presses or cutting presses and peripheral systems in terms of their required mass, the costs by optimizing

• the construction by means of material savings and
• the procedures

to lower.

A simultaneously required increase in the power of the drive trains in order to increase the output of the press, in turn regularly requires increased costs.

The realization of desired large strokes and thus large-scale presses and powerful drives also counteract the required cost reductions, although the demand for cost reductions is pushing the market.

• Dem wie oben dargestellten Gesamtsystem sind physikalische Grenzen gesetzt, die von den technischen Funktionen, wie
  • ▪ die Vermeidung von Kollisionen der beteiligten Transfermittel, Werkzeuge und Werkstücke,
  • ▪ den Umformkräften und den Umformgeschwindigkeiten sowie
  • ▪ den Beschleunigungen und Geschwindigkeiten und deren zeitliche Änderung während des Teiletransports zwischen den Umformstufen
  bestimmt werden.
• Die Vielfalt der Formen, insbesondere die dreidimensionalen Formen der Teile wie Werkstücke, deren Transfer und die beteiligten Werkzeuge erfordern eine große wie oben schon angesprochene Freigängigkeit der Pressen, die regelmäßig mit relativ großen Hublängen der Pressenstößel erreicht wird, wobei die dementsprechend auszulegenden Pressenständer und Antriebsstränge wiederum zu hohen Kosten führen.

The considerations for creating favorable or application-optimized solutions in this respect have to follow the rules prevailing in press technology, which are mainly:

• The overall system as shown above has physical limitations set by the technical functions such as
  • ▪ the avoidance of collisions of the involved transfer means, tools and workpieces,
  • ▪ the forming forces and the forming speeds as well as
  • ▪ the accelerations and speeds and their temporal change during the part transport between the forming stages
  be determined.
• The variety of shapes, in particular the three-dimensional shapes of the parts such as workpieces, their transfer and the tools involved require a large as already mentioned above clearance of the presses, which is regularly achieved with relatively long stroke lengths of the press ram, with the accordingly auszustegenden press stands and drive trains again lead to high costs.

In order to achieve a balanced ratio between this free movement and the stroke lengths, advantageous transfer means, such as so-called crossbar feeders and / or swing arms, are already used according to an internal state of the art.

The principle of both systems is that a crossbeam is brought over the part to be transported to the part even then on attached to the crossbeam vacuum suction to keep during transport. The transfer devices differ only in the drive kinematics.

With these systems, optimized stroke lengths of presses can already be realized on account of their special kinematic processes for transporting the parts such as workpieces from operation to operation and their pivoting during the transport process up to the deformation or cutting process.

A course of the press ram followed by the skilled person in such processes of pressing as a diagram is, for example, in the curve according to FIG Fig. 1 to understand the state of the art. The curve follows approximately a curve according to f (x) = sin x. Theoretically, a ram stroke of 1,590 mm, a line stroke of 16 strokes / min and a forming speed of 600 mm / s at 200 mm before the lower reversal point (UU) are assumed. Practically, ram strokes up to 1,400 mm were carried out with corresponding disadvantages.

This course of the plunger curve is typical of the currently known presses of the type mentioned, which u.a. from the documented of the prior art is assignable.

The respective further developed state of the art has always followed the physical rules outlined above.

• einerseits die Ausbringung von Pressen weiter zu erhöhen und
• andererseits die Bauhöhen, den Materialeinsatz und die Kosten zu senken,

zu lösen.Thereafter developed presses and their processes open up no further potential for the complex problem, such as

• on the one hand to further increase the output of presses and
• on the other hand, to reduce building heights, material use and costs,

to solve.

The following analysis of the prior art shows only selective improvements in this respect.

So was already according to the DE 10 2004 015 739 B4 the task is posed to propose a separate transport device for each of the successively arranged forming stages of a multi-ram transfer press, in which orientation stations can be dispensed with, and which is suitable for retrofitting older multi-ram transfer presses. For this purpose, the vertical movements of the cross members of the pairs arranged to each other carriages are guided by a pivot lever such that via a drive and gear and bearing means a pivot angle is adjustable in size.

After DE 10 2004 030 678 In order to reduce the control and regulation effort of a metal-processing press, it was also necessary to achieve the most compact possible design. However, the solution focused on the function of the associated die cushion device. The regulated pressure there had only a marginal effect on a compact design of the entire press.

Another view of the DE 10 2005 024 822 A1 There already shows a simulation process for transfer presses, with which an optimization of the workpiece application is aimed at avoiding collisions. Although the simulation program associated with the press control causes advantageous workpiece application and permits collision-free movement patterns after collision risks calculated in advance, the usual height of the presses must be preserved.

Furthermore, in a production line such as Pressenstrasse according to the DE 10 2005 040 762 Operational deviations of the main machining directions occur without hindrance. Through a sensible combination of workpiece machining and workpiece transport facilities, the work processes are coordinated with a host computer. Despite a positive effect on optimizing the workpiece application, the usual construction heights of the presses are retained.

When the presses were originally driven by an electric motor and an energy-storing flywheel, the energy-efficient drive with servo motor has meanwhile become increasingly popular.

For example, in EP 1 880 837 A2 discloses a press system with energy management, which on the one hand has sufficient capacity to absorb additional energy and on the other hand at any time sufficient energy to meet the respective press cycle. Although a servo motor drive is used here, the overall concept of this press is not designed to that effect.

Accordingly, conventional presses with servomotor are operated successfully and energy-saving, as well as the solutions documented below, but they do not produce an inevitable increase in the output of the workpieces to be machined.

It was already according to the DE 10 2007 003 335 A1 the next closest problem to be addressed in the following, the programming of drives for presses having one or more servomotors and a plunger, which are connected to a coupling gear, to facilitate. In this case, the coupling mechanism was designed with a translation behavior that has a high dynamic stiffness in the vicinity of the bottom dead center of the plunger. The program already captures representations of the resulting movements of the plunger, to intervene here controlling.

In a drive device for a multi-ram transfer press after the DE 10 2007 024 024 A1 Both high compressive forces and variable plunger movements should be feasible with at least one main drive and at least one secondary drive.

The relatively high cost of the entire drive device for transmitting the drive energy to all stages of the multi-ram transfer press or on all individual presses of the press line is no suggestion to look here for implementation options for reduced heights.

Finally, even with a multi-point forming press for the plunger movement according to the 10 2007 026 727 A1 to realize on the one hand with the available torques of servomotors high pressing forces and on the other hand with several mechanically synchronized pressure points to reduce the drive effort, inter alia, to obtain a favorable spatial tilting design in two levels. The hereafter solved combination of crank gears, idler gears and pinion shaft in the sense of an additional gear bring in terms of reducing the overall height or optimized workpiece application no advantage.

Furthermore, to the US 5 588 344 A determine that the local control of the electric motor of a Nutenstanze or a punch press the task is based, the maximum
Increase the output of the machine by the machine is used in pendulum lifting. Of the
Pendulum lifting operation is only advantageous if the total stroke of the machine is much larger than it
needed for forming or punching the component. Thus, although with a smaller ram stroke unnecessary Leerhubzeit avoided and reversed by rotation reversal at the earliest possible date a renewed punching initiated and the output of the machine can be increased, with the local solution deepens intensively in the control of the electric motor driving the press. However, the operation of a press is described in order to achieve a structural increase only in an increase in the number of strokes.

Also in the WO 2007/091964 A2 only one control of the engine and its mode of action is described. It is disclosed in the regulation and control of several presses to each other, which aims at the fastest possible operation, which is based on there main claim of a discontinuous process of the main drive. This principle synchronized controlled dependencies of parameters, machine parts and facilities in a quasi-first press or parts thereof is aligned with those in a press line.

Finally, in JP 2000 176698 A merely a method for stamping or shaping of obviously difficult forming components or materials shown. Thus, it can be explicitly seen from the diagrams that, with several forming steps close to the bottom dead center, several times force is applied to the component to be formed and thus the workpiece is shaped step by step in the same shape. The repeated cycles can not serve to replace the part, but the workpiece is formed either by a force or by way controlled repetitive process or a combination of force and displacement control.

After an analytic-critical examination of the investigated solutions and the applied rules, further approaches are therefore to be found to differentiate them with regard to a new technical task, in order to solve the problem of the demand program of a cost reduction described in the introduction.

Presentation of the essence of the invention task

• kleinere Stößelhübe zu einer optimierten an Stelle der bisher großen Freigängigkeit der Presse führen,
• Beschleunigung und Geschwindigkeit des Stößels höchstens beibehalten oder verringert, jedoch die Ausbringung von Teilen erhöht werden und
• kleinere Wege durch dynamische Stößelhub- und Transferbewegungen ermöglicht werden.

The invention is based on the object, the workflow of steps and means for operating forming presses or cutting presses of the type described above, taking into account fixed and reestablished physical limits, such as the avoidance of collisions of the transfer means involved, tools and workpieces, the forming forces and to change the forming speeds in such a way under consideration of a minimum required Stößelhubhöhe that

• smaller ram strokes lead to an optimized instead of the previously large clearance of the press,
• Acceleration or speed of the ram are at most maintained or reduced, however, the output of parts are increased and
• smaller paths are made possible by dynamic ram lifting and transfer movements.

This task is based on the one hand, the consideration that not the effect of a large or small ram stroke on the workpiece as the part to be formed or to be cut is crucial, but the forming speed. On the other hand, it has been considered and tried to obtain the clearance in spite of reduced ram strokes, i. the previously unavoidable rule that large or good free movement of the presses require long stroke lengths of the press ram break open. In the process, any parameters that have a partially opposing effect on the output should be considered, taken into account and coordinated with each other. The main parameters of this are: forming speed, free movement, partial acceleration and speed and their gradient.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that the object according to the method is achieved in terms of claim 1, characterized in that the workflow of the ram stroke of presses according to a curve shown in the diagram below Fig. 2 to control or regulate, in comparison to the diagram shown above, a relatively small ram stroke of 1,000 mm and clocked at a press stroke of 24.7 / min is given.

The surprising and inventive difference to the prior art illustrates the diagram comparison of the plunger curves accordingly Fig. 3 ,

According to the invention, a working method according to claim 1 for operating forming presses or cutting presses, such as large step-presses, transfer presses, Mehrstößeltransferpressen, such forming presses or cutting presses also classified in press lines, comprising the steps feeding, possibly centering, shaping or cutting and storage of the parts with integrated Transfer steps for the parts, for which means are provided for a transfer system for transporting the parts to be formed or formed or cut or cut, possibly also via a centering system, which correspond to the clocked mold strokes or cutting strokes of the respective forming press or cutting press, carried out ,

In the sense of the invention, a predetermined variable thus merges into a value according to which the stroke of the plunger stroke also controls or regulates in partial areas, clocked at a Pressenhubzahl to specify a relatively small ram stroke such that an optimized, sufficient clearance in place of the previously large, but oversized clearance of the press is achieved.

Each cyclical movement of the stroke is represented and specified with the following formula: $$\mathrm{stroke}=\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{0}\right)/\mathrm{2}+\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="*\; cos"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">*\; </figure-callout>\cos \mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{1}*\mathrm{x}\right)+\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="*\; cos"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">*\; </figure-callout>\cos \mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{2}*\mathrm{x}\right)+...+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="b"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)*\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="sin"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{1}*\mathrm{x}\right)+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)*\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{2}*\mathrm{x}\right)+$$

In doing so, x is 0 to 2 * pi.

The accuracy can be determined and set with a number of coefficients that are still functionally defined below.

In a further embodiment of the working method, the course of the beginning and end of the ram stroke is monitored, controlled and, if necessary, regulated in such a way as to reproducibly adhere to a position of the ram which is tracked in terms of time or angle of rotation.

Thus, the course of the ram stroke is also monitored, and values such as the first "position" as the position of the driving force from the ram and values as a second "position" as the position of separation of the driving force from the ram are measured.

In this case, both the course of the beginning of the stroke within a first path and the course of the outlet of the hub are monitored within a second path, measured you then controlled or regulated.

• in einem generellen Schritt der Arbeitsablauf des Stößelhubs entsprechend der Funktion f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + a(2)*cos(2*x) +... + a(n)*cos(n*x) + b(1)*sin(1*x) + b(2)*sin(2*x) + ... + b(n)*sin(n*x) vorgegeben und gesteuert,
• in einem integrierten weiteren Schritt der Verlauf des Beginns des Stößelhubs überwacht und die erste "Position" der vollen Antriebskraftübertragung auf den Stößel gemessen und ggf. geregelt und
• in einem integrierten dritten Schritt der Verlauf des Auslaufens des Stößelhubs überwacht und die zweite Position" der Trennung der Antriebskraft vom Stößel gemessen, gesteuert und ggf. geregelt

werden.The working method can be expanded to a functionally merging combination of working steps, if

• in a general step, the operation of the push stroke according to the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + ... + a (n) * cos (n * x) + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ... + b (n) * sin (n * x) predetermined and controlled,
• monitored in an integrated further step, the course of the beginning of the ram stroke and measured the first "position" of the full drive power transmission to the plunger and possibly regulated and
• monitored in an integrated third step, the course of the expiration of the plunger stroke and the second position "the separation of the driving force from the plunger measured, controlled and possibly regulated

become.

und danach gebildeten Koeffizienten gesteuert oder geregelt werden.Accordingly, according to the method, any cyclical movement of the plunger according to the formula $$\mathrm{stroke}=\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{0}\right)/\mathrm{2}+\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="*\; cos"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">*\; </figure-callout>\cos \mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{1}*\mathrm{x}\right)+\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="*\; cos"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">*\; </figure-callout>\cos \mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{2}*\mathrm{x}\right)+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="b"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)*\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="sin"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{1}*\mathrm{x}\right)+...+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)*\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{2}*\mathrm{x}\right)+...+$$

and thereafter formed or controlled coefficients.

Advantageously, the press is operated according to a program which comprises the aforesaid steps for the automatic control or regulation of the press, wherein the program for these steps has adjustable or achievable data, such as speed and acceleration of the plunger and a minimum free movement of the press.

• entsprechend der Funktion f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + a(2)*cos(2*x) +... + a(n)*cos(n*x) + b(1)*sin(1*x) +b(2)*sin(2*x) + ... + b(n)*sin(n*x) gebildete Werte,
• den Verlauf des Beginns des Hubs H zur automatischen Steuerung und ggf. Regelung der ersten "Position" A mit den gemessenen Werten der Antriebskraftübertragung auf den Stößel 2,
• den Auslauf des Hubs H zur automatischen Steuerung und ggf. Regelung der zweiten "Position" B der Trennung der Antriebskraft mit den gemessenen Werten vom Stößel 2

umfassen.The program comprising the aforementioned steps for the automatic control of the press 1, at least one of the program steps, such as

• according to the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + ... + a (n) * cos ( n * x) + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ... + b (n) * sin (n * x) formed values,
• the course of the start of the stroke H for the automatic control and possibly regulation of the first "position" A with the measured values of the drive force transmission to the plunger 2,
• the outlet of the stroke H for the automatic control and possibly regulation of the second "position" B of the separation of the driving force with the measured values of the plunger 2

include.

• Beginn des Hubs und Überwachung einer ersten "Position",
• Auslauf des Hubs und Überwachung einer zweiten "Position",
• Verlauf des Hubs und Überwachung eines ersten Weges und/oder
• Verlauf des Hubs und Überwachung eines zweiten Weges

gesteuert oder geregelt wird.The method and program may be such that in transfer presses in press lines, at least one press-to-press transfer movement for forming or cutting parts in response to at least one of the steps

• Start of the stroke and monitoring of a first "position",
• Outflow of the hub and monitoring of a second "position",
• Course of the hub and monitoring a first way and / or
• History of the hub and monitoring a second path

controlled or regulated.

1. 1. Zum geregelten Einlauf in die erste Position und zum geregelten Auslauf in die zweite Position ist ein Servomotor im Bereich eines Hauptantriebs der Presse vorgesehen.
2. 2. Alternativ kann zum geregelten Einlauf in die erste Position und zum geregelten Auslauf in die zweite Position eine Kupplungs-Bremskombination vorgesehen sein.
3. 3. Des Weiteren ist es möglich, zum geregelten Einlauf in die erste Position einen Servomotor und zum geregelten Auslauf in die zweite Position eine Kupplungs-Bremskombination einzusetzen.
4. 4. Schließlich kann die Einrichtung auch zum geregelten Einlauf in die erste Position eine Kupplungs-Bremskombination und zum geregelten Auslauf in die zweite Position einen Servomotor aufweisen.

The method uses to practice the several variants:

1. 1. For controlled inlet to the first position and for regulated discharge to the second position, a servomotor is provided in the region of a main drive of the press.
2. 2. Alternatively, a clutch-brake combination can be provided for the regulated inlet to the first position and the regulated outlet to the second position.
3. 3. It is also possible to use a servomotor for the regulated inlet to the first position and a clutch / brake combination for the regulated outlet to the second position.
4. 4. Finally, the device may also have a servo-motor for controlled entry into the first position, a clutch-brake combination and for regulated discharge to the second position.

The entirety of the inventive structure of the method is given in claims 1 to 12.

Advantages of the invention

The advantages arising from the solution of the problem are that as a result of the feasible small ram strokes and presses in their height in particular reduces the height of the "stand" of presses and the drive trains are designed and optimized smaller in the design of their individual machine elements and thus costs can be reduced because also the rotating and moving masses are reduced and thereby the entire (expensive) drivetrain can be made smaller.

As a result, a significantly smaller building press can be realized, which also reduces the costs in building technology.

The purely technical-functional advantage is that despite smaller ram strokes sufficient as optimized clearance is achieved.

• kleinere Stößelhübe mit einer optimierten an Stelle der bisher großen Freigängigkeit der Presse ermöglicht,
• Beschleunigung und Geschwindigkeit des Stößels bei erhöhter Ausbringung von Teilen höchstens beibehalten oder verringert und
• kleinere Wege durch dynamische Stößelhub- und Transferbewegungen realisiert

werden.The invention thus solves the problem initially posed that in the workflow of steps and means for operating forming presses or cutting presses of the type described, taking into account newly established physical limits

• allows smaller ram strokes with an optimized in place of the previously large clearance of the press,
• At most, the speed and speed of the ram are maintained or reduced with increased application of parts and reduced and
• realized smaller ways by dynamic ram lifting and transfer movements

become.

In addition, the comparison clarifies according to Fig. 3 in that the potential of a higher stroke frequency, ie a higher efficiency, such as the number of pieces in the time unit, can be developed during the molding or cutting of workpieces. This can be exploited, in particular, if the geometry of the parts allows a short residence time in the clearance of the plunger stroke. In the best case, then even the shorter ram stroke virtually pass through without stoppage of the plunger during part transfer.

The presses designed hereafter thus represent a procedurally new generation of production-optimized presses.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

die grafische Darstellung einer hypothetischen Stößelkurve als Stand der Technik, wobei ein Stößelhub von 1.590 mm, eine Linienhubzahl von 16 Hüben/min und eine Umformgeschwindigkeit von 600 mm/s bei 200 mm vor UU angenommen sind,

Fig. 2

die grafische Darstellung einer Stößelkurve gemäß der Erfindung, wobei im Übrigen zu oben vergleichbaren Daten ein Stößelhub von 1.000 mm und getaktet bei einer Pressenhubzahl von 24,7/min vorgegeben sind,

Fig. 3

die grafische Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1 und Fig.2 im Vergleich zwecks Verdeutlichung der Wirkung der bisherigen zur erfindungsgemäßen Stößelkurve,

Fig. 4

die schematische Darstellung einer beliebigen Presse (1) zur Durchführung des Arbeitsverfahrens,

Fig. 5

die schematische Darstellung der Presse (1) mit einem den Lauf des Stößels (2) in eine erste Position (A) und eine zweite Position (B) gemäß Fig. 7 bewirkenden und im Bereich des Hauptantriebs (4) der Presse (1) angeordneten Servomotor (5),

Fig. 6

die schematische Darstellung der Presse (1) mit einer den Lauf des Stößels (2) in eine erste Position (A) und eine zweite Position (B) gemäß Fig. 7 bewirkenden und dem Hauptantrieb (4) der Presse (1) zugeordneten Kupplungs-Bremskombination (6) und

Fig. 7

die grafische Darstellung der Überwachung und Regelung im Ablauf des Hubs (H) des Stößels (2) in der ersten "Position" (A) und des Hubs (H) des Stößels (2) in der zweiten "Position" (B).

In the drawings show

Fig. 1

the graphical representation of a hypothetical plunger curve as prior art, with a ram stroke of 1,590 mm, a line stroke of 16 strokes / min and a forming speed of 600 mm / s are assumed at 200 mm before UU,

Fig. 2

the graphic representation of a plunger curve according to the invention, wherein, moreover, comparable to the above data, a ram stroke of 1,000 mm and clocked at a press stroke of 24.7 / min are given,

Fig. 3

the graphic representation according to Fig. 1 and Fig.2 in comparison for the purpose of clarifying the effect of the previous plunger curve according to the invention,

Fig. 4

the schematic representation of any press (1) for performing the working method,

Fig. 5

the schematic representation of the press (1) with a the barrel of the plunger (2) in a first position (A) and a second position (B) according to Fig. 7 causing and arranged in the region of the main drive (4) of the press (1) servomotor (5),

Fig. 6

the schematic representation of the press (1) with a the barrel of the plunger (2) in a first position (A) and a second position (B) according to Fig. 7 causing and the main drive (4) of the press (1) associated clutch-brake combination (6) and

Fig. 7

the graphical representation of the monitoring and control in the course of the stroke (H) of the plunger (2) in the first "position" (A) and the stroke (H) of the plunger (2) in the second "position" (B).

Best way to carry out the invention

With reference to the already mentioned Fig. 1 becomes clear with this, as in previous processes of pressing the tracked as a diagram course of the press ram with relatively long ram strokes up to about 1400 mm led to the technological and structural disadvantages presented above.

In contrast, the graph of a plunger curve according to the invention in Fig. 2 With comparable performance data, a ram stroke of 1,000 mm and clocked at a press stroke of 24.7 / min can be specified in real terms. Thus, as a result of the realized relatively small ram strokes, the presses in their height, in particular the height of the "stand" of presses 1, reduced and designed the drive trains in the design of their individual machine elements smaller and optimized, thereby reducing costs. Likewise, the rotating and moving masses can be reduced, thereby making the entire drive train smaller. The graphic representation according to Fig. 3 illustrates both effects in the comparison of different plunger curves.

From the FIGS. 1 to 3 and 7 can the respective height of a stroke H in the FIGS. 4 to 6 2 are shown schematically taken plunger.

The inventive method for operating a schematically in the FIGS. 4 to 6 reproduced press 1 with the said plunger 2 and a tool 2.1 is applicable for forming presses or cutting presses. The method can thus in forming presses, such as large-scale transfer presses, transfer presses, Mehrstößeltransferpressen or cutting presses in press lines not shown for forming or cutting parts 2.2 with essentially the steps, feeding, possibly centering, shaping or cutting and storage of parts 2.2 with Integrated transfer steps for parts 2.2 are easily integrated.

• Hubzahl des Stößels 2,
• zeitlich oder wegemäßig definierten Position des Stößels 2,
• Antriebskraft des Stößels 2,
• Geschwindigkeit oder Beschleunigung des Stößels 2,
• Mindestfreigängigkeit der Presse 1 oder
• Transferbewegung von Presse 1 zu Presse 1.

The interaction of the inventive steps and corresponding means to the clocked strokes H for the forming or cutting of the parts 2.2 in the respective press 1 is now adjusted according to the inventive method characterized in that for the forming or cutting of the parts 2.2 of the stroke H of the plunger. 2 to achieve smaller strokes H in relation to an optimized, sufficient Clearance of the press 1 according to the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + ... + a (n ) * cos (n * x) + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ... + b (n) * sin (n * x) controlled or is regulated, actively influencing at least one of the values of a

• Number of strokes of the plunger 2,
• temporally or moderately defined position of the plunger 2,
• Driving force of the plunger 2,
• Speed or acceleration of the plunger 2,
• Minimum clearance of the press 1 or
• Transfer movement from press 1 to press 1.

For this purpose, values for the stroke H of the tappet 2 can be clocked at a rate, for example, increased by 1.5 press stroke. According to Fig. 7 At least one value such as a first "position" A is monitored in the course of the stroke H over a time t at which first "position" A a full drive force transmission to the plunger 2 is measured.

Practically advantageous, this monitoring and control can also be performed by tracking the position of the angle of rotation on a responsible rotating machine element.

The course of the beginning of the stroke H is not only monitored, it can even be controlled within a first path l _{1 in} order to reproducibly adhere precisely to the time or angle-dependent "position" A of the plunger 2.

Furthermore, the outlet of the stroke H is monitored and a second "position" B of a separation of the driving force from the plunger 2 is measured, as shown Fig. 7 can be removed. Again, the outlet of the stroke H is not only monitored, but advantageously controlled in the range of a second path l ₂ in order to maintain even this "position" B of the plunger 2 exactly reproducible, analogous to the first "Position" time A or rotational angle dependent ,

1. a) entsprechend der Funktion ... f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + a(2)*cos(2*x) + .., + a(n)*cos(n*x) + b(1)*sin(1*x) + b(2)*sin(2*x) + ... + b(n)*sin(n*x) gesteuert wird, dabei Werte für den Hub H des Stößels 2 getaktet zu einer z.B. um 1,5 erhöhten Pressenhubzahl F vorgegeben werden, und
2. b) der Verlauf des Beginns des Hubs H überwacht, gesteuert oder geregelt wird und Werte wie die erste "Position" A der vollen Antriebskraftübertragung auf den Stößel 2 gemessen werden und
3. c) der Auslauf des Hubs H überwacht wird , gesteuert oder geregelt wird und Werte wie die zweite "Position" B der Trennung der Antriebskraft vom Stößel 2 gemessen werden.

Thus, the Fig. 7 a coherently presented flow of the method can be removed and then optimized, if

1. a) according to the function ... f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + .., + a ( n) * cos (n * x) + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ... + b (n) * sin (n * x) In this case, values for the stroke H of the tappet 2 are clocked to a press stroke number F increased by 1.5, for example, and
2. b) the course of the beginning of the stroke H is monitored, controlled or regulated and values such as the first "position" A of the full driving force transmission are measured on the plunger 2 and
3. c) the stroke of the stroke H is monitored, controlled or controlled and values such as the second "position" B of the separation of the driving force from the tappet 2 are measured.

It has already been stated above that a stands for the stroke H and x stands for values of 0 to 2 * pi, so that in the sense of the invention a predetermined quantity merges into a value according to which the ram stroke is regulated in subregions. In order for a relatively small ram stroke clocked at a given Pressenhubzahl, so that an optimized, sufficient clearance in place of the previously large, oversized clearance of the press is achieved.

darstellen und vorgeben zu können, wobei x von 0 bis 2*Pi läuft, werden Koeffizienten wie folgt gebildet : i a(i) b(i) 0 1354.227058823529000 0.000000000000000E+000 1 6.211087651786986E-014 -6.243906782879537E-014 2 290.202318413831200 -384.289975236601800 3 -2.715830852687821E-013 1.884187204349276E-013 4 49.316050906761640 173.327940214515400 5 -1.805616042677905E-013 -5.744078144460588E-014 6 -15.088290781260220 -5.845234989164741 7 -1.873716376516641E-013 8.198941002907585E-014 8 -1.986870683489189 1.230218243448128 9 -2.750407780154656E-013 8.918586271192693E-014 10 -2.564296084347008E-001 2.767316189620829 11 -2.059102420910321 E-013 7.826053253200130E-014 12 1.046079698263193 9.536276480635638E-001 13 3.857297670670378E-014 -1.600336005800794E-015 14 -2.222227580962598E-001 4.154063286283567E-002 15 -3.169264053413094E-013 1.529856614009839E-013 To do any cyclic movement of the stroke doing the formula like $$\mathrm{stroke}=\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{0}\right)/\mathrm{2}+\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="*\; cos"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">*\; </figure-callout>\cos \mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{1}*\mathrm{x}\right)+\mathrm{a}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="*\; cos"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">*\; </figure-callout>\cos \mathrm{}\left(\mathrm{2}*\mathrm{x}\right)+...+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="b"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{1}\right)*\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="sin"\; filenames="imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{1}*\mathrm{x}\right)+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{2}\right)*\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}\left(\mathrm{2}*\mathrm{x}\right)+$$

To represent and specify x, where x runs from 0 to 2 * Pi, coefficients are formed as follows: i a (i) bi) 0 1354.227058823529000 0.000000000000000E + 000 1 6.211087651786986E-014 -6.243906782879537E-014 2 290.202318413831200 -384.289975236601800 3 -2.715830852687821E-013 1.884187204349276E-013 4 49.316050906761640 173.327940214515400 5 -1.805616042677905E-013 -5.744078144460588E-014 6 -15.088290781260220 -5.845234989164741 7 -1.873716376516641E-013 8.198941002907585E-014 8th -1.986870683489189 1.230218243448128 9 -2.750407780154656E-013 8.918586271192693E-014 10 -2.564296084347008E-001 2.767316189620829 11 -2.059102420910321 E-013 7.826053253200130E-014 12 1.046079698263193 9.536276480635638E-001 13 3.857297670670378E-014 -1.600336005800794E-015 14 -2.222227580962598E-001 4.154063286283567E-002 15 -3.169264053413094E-013 1.529856614009839E-013

The accuracy of the present invention running cyclic movements of the plunger 2 can therefore be determined and set with a number of coefficients, which are thus functionally defined.

The method is rationally practicable through the use of a program comprising the aforementioned steps and values for automatic control of the press 1.

• entsprechend der Funktion f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + a(2)*cos(2*x) + ... + a(n)*cos(n*x) + b(1)*sin(1*x) + b(2)*sin(2*x) + ... + b(n)*sin(n*x) gebildete Werte,
• den Verlauf des Beginns des Hubs H zur automatischen Steuerung und ggf. Regelung der ersten "Position" A mit den gemessenen Werten der Antriebskraftübertragung auf den Stößel 2,
• den Auslauf des Hubs H zur automatischen Steuerung und ggf. Regelung der zweiten "Position" B der Trennung der Antriebskraft mit den gemessenen Werten vom Stößel 2

umfassen.The program comprising the aforementioned steps for the automatic control of the press 1, at least one of the program steps, such as

• according to the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + ... + a (n) * cos ( n * x) + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ... + b (n) * sin (n * x) formed values,
• the course of the start of the stroke H for the automatic control and possibly regulation of the first "position" A with the measured values of the drive force transmission to the plunger 2,
• the outlet of the stroke H for the automatic control and possibly regulation of the second "position" B of the separation of the driving force with the measured values of the plunger 2

include.

The program may further comprise settable or attainable data for these steps, such as speed and acceleration of the plunger 2 and a minimum clearance of the press 1, measured at the height of the stroke H to be given.

Method and program can be at least one step of each cyclic movement of the plunger (2) according to the formula Hub = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + ... + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ... + and coefficients formed afterwards.

• Beginn des Hubs und Überwachung einer ersten "Position",
• Auslauf des Hubs und Überwachung einer zweiten "Position",
• Verlauf des Hubs und Überwachung eines ersten Weges und/oder
• Verlauf des Hubs und Überwachung eines zweiten Weges

gesteuert oder geregelt wird.Finally, the method and program may be designed such that in transfer presses in press lines at least one press-to-press transfer movement for forming or cutting parts in response to at least one of the steps

• Start of the stroke and monitoring of a first "position",
• Outflow of the hub and monitoring of a second "position",
• Course of the hub and monitoring a first way and / or
• History of the hub and monitoring a second path

controlled or regulated.

For the purposes of this embodiment and the corresponding technological processes, said steps may relate to a transfer movement both preceding and subsequent.

A device used to carry out the method is in Fig. 5 and 6 Fig. Due to their simplicity schematically but sufficiently illustrated. Thus, for the skilled person, the operation of the invention in Fig. 4 shown schematically press 1 with plunger 2 and 2.1 tool clearly and easily understood. In Fig. 4 For the sake of completeness, means for a transfer system 2.3 for transporting the parts to be formed or formed or to be cut or cut 2.2, if necessary also via a centering system not shown in more detail, are indicated.

The device has, for example, according to Fig. 5 for the controlled inlet of the plunger 2 in the first essential position A and the controlled outlet in the second essential to the invention B a servo motor 5 on. This servomotor 5 can be arranged in the region of a main drive 4 of the press 1, the main drive 4 can be switched on or designed as a main drive 4.

In Fig. 6 For example, it is shown that the respective regulated inlet to the position A and outlet from the position B, a clutch / brake combination 6 before or after the main drive 4 or integrated in this.

• die erste "Position" A im Ablauf des Hubs H über eine Zeit t oder nach dem besagten Drehwinkel überwachen, bei welcher "Position" A die volle Antriebskraftübertragung auf den Stößel 2 gemessen und der Verlauf des Beginns des Hubs H innerhalb des ersten Weges l₁ geregelt wird, um die zeitabhängige "Position" A des Stößels 2 reproduzierbar exakt einhalten zu können, und
• beim Auslauf des Hubs H die zweite "Position" B einer Trennung der Antriebskraft vom Stößel 2 analog überwachen, messen und im Bereich des zweiten Weges l₂ regeln, um auch diese "Position" B des Stößels 2 reproduzierbar exakt einhalten zu können.

For the purposes of the invention, equally effective means are conceivable, the

• H t or the first "position" A in the flow of the stroke over a time monitor after said rotation angle, wherein "Position" A full drive force transmission measured on the plunger 2 and the course of the beginning of the stroke H within the first path l ₁ is controlled in order to reproducibly comply with the time-dependent "position" A of the plunger 2, and
• monitor at the outlet of the stroke of the second H "Position" B disconnection of the driving force from the plunger 2 analog, measurement and control in the area of the second path l _2, in order to meet these "Position" B of the plunger 2 exactly reproducible.

Industrial Applicability

The developed by the invention economic and feasible technically functional advantages secure a low-cost technologically improved production of the generic presses at the producers with an increased utility value of the same for the operator. In addition, the invention has an advantageous effect on the design of the buildings surrounding the generic systems.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

= Press

2

= Plunger

2.1

= Tool

2.2

= part to be formed / cut

3

= Funds for transfer system

4

= Main drive

5

= Servomotor

6

= Clutch-brake combination

A

= first position

B

= second position

H

= Stroke of the plunger 2

₁

= first way

l ₂

= second way

t

= Time

Claims (12)

1. A method for operating presses (1) with a ram (2) and a tool (2.1), such as forming presses or cutting presses, using matched, cycled strokes (H) for forming or cutting parts (2.2),

   ▪ wherein, in order to achieve smaller strokes (H) in relation to an optimized and sufficient freedom of motion, the press (1) is operated with a specified stroke rate of the ram (2), with a defined time-dependent or progression-dependent position of the ram (2) and by actively influencing one or several values including a driving force of the plunger (2), a speed or acceleration of the plunger (2), a minimum freedom of motion of the press (1) or a transfer movement from one press (1) to another press (1),

   ▪ wherein the strokes of the plunger (2) are controlled according to the function f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1) * cos(1*x) + a(2) * cos(2 * x) + ... + a(n) * cos(n * x) + b(1) * sin(1 * x) + b(2) * sin(2 * x) + ... + b(n) * sin(n * x), wherein f(x) defines the stroke, x represents a value between 0 and 2*Pi and the coefficients are formed according to i a(i) b(i) 0 1354.227058823529000 0.000000000000000E+00 1 6,211087651786986E-014 -6,243906782879537E-014 2 290,202318413831200 -384,289975236601800 3 -2,715830852687821E-013 1,884187204349276E-013 4 49,316050906761640 173,327940214515400 5 -1,805616042677905E-013 -5,744078144460588E-014 6 -15,088290781260220 -5,845234989164741 7 -1,873716376516641E-013 8,198941002907585E-014 8 -1,986870683489189 1,230218243448128 9 -2,750407780154656E-013 8,918586271192693E-014 10 -2,564296084347008E-001 2,767316189620829 11 -2,059102420910321E-013 7,826053253200130E-014 12 1,046079698263193 9,536276480635638E-001 13 3,857297670670378E-014 -1,600336005800794E-015 14 -2,222227580962598E-001 4,154063286283567E-002 15 -3,169264053413094E-013 1,529856614009839E-013

   ▪ wherein with the stroke (H) of the ram (2) being cycled according to the specified value and the press stroke rate increased by >1,

   a) a monitoring, an open-loop or a closed-loop control of the progression of the start of the stroke (H) within a first path (11) and a measurement of values of a time-dependent and first "position" (A) of the driving force transmission to the ram (2) or

   b) a monitoring, an open-loop or a closed-loop control of the progression of the run-out of the stroke (H) at least within a second path (12) and a measurement of values at least of a second "position" (B) of separation of the driving force from the ram (2)

   is implemented.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a value of the start of the stroke (H) and the first "position" (A) are monitored, a driving force transmission to the ram (2) being measured in this first "position" (A).
3. The method according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the progression of the start of the stroke (H) is monitored, controlled by open loop, or/and optionally controlled by closed loop, so as to exactly maintain the time-dependent "position" (A) of the plunger (2) in a reproducible manner.
4. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one value of the run-out of the stroke (H) is monitored and a second "position" (B) of a separation of the driving force from the ram (2) is measured.
5. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the run-out of the stroke (H) is monitored, controlled by open loop, or/and optionally controlled by closed loop, so as to exactly maintain the second "position" (B) of the plunger (2) in a reproducible manner.
6. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the progression of the stroke (H) is monitored, controlled in an open loop or controlled in a closed loop as a function of a time (t).
7. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the progression of the stroke (H) is monitored, controlled in an open loop or controlled in a closed loop as a function of a rotational angle.
8. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized by using a program, which comprises the afore-mentioned steps for automatic control of the press (1), namely including one or several of the program steps of

   ▪ forming values according to the function f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1) * cos(1 * x) + a(2) * cos(2 *x) + ... + a(n) * cos(n* x) + b(1) * sin(1 * x) + b(2) * sin(2 *x) + ... + b(n) * sin(n *x), wherein f(x) defines the stroke, x represents a value between 0 and 2*Pi, according to i a(i) b(i) 0 1354.227058823529000 0.0000000000000000E+00 1 6,211087651786986E-014 -6,243906782879537E-014 2 290,202318413831200 -384,289975236601800 3 -2,715830852687821E-013 1,884187204349276E-013 4 49,316050906761640 173,327940214515400 5 -1,805616042677905E-013 -5,744078144460588E-014 6 -15,088290781260220 -5,845234989164741 7 -1,873716376516641E-013 8,198941002907585E-014 8 -1,986870683489189 1,230218243448128 9 -2,750407780154656E-013 8,918586271192693E-014 10 -2,564296084347008E-001 2,767316189620829 11 -2,059102420910321E-013 7,826053253200130E-014 12 1,046079698263193 9,536276480635638E-001 13 3,857297670670378E-014 -1,600336005800794E-015 14 -2,222227580962598E-001 4,154063286283567E-002 15 -3,169264053413094E-013 1,529856614009839E-013

   ▪ progression of the start of the stroke (H) for automatic open loop or closed loop control of the first "position" (A) using the measured values of the driving force transmitted to the ram (2),

   ▪ run-out of the stroke (H) for automatic open loop control, and optionally closed-loop control of the second "position" (B) of separation of the driving force from the ram (2) using the measured values.
9. The method and program according claim 8, characterized in that the program comprises data that can be adjusted or is to be achieved, such as the speed and acceleration of the ram (2) and a minimum freedom of motion of the press (1).
10. The method and program according to one of the claims 8 or 9, characterized in that one working step of each cyclical movement of the ram (2) is controlled in an open loop or in a closed-loop according to the formula Stroke = a(0)/2+ a(1) * cos(1 * x) + a(2) * cos(2 * x) + b(1) * sin(1 * x) + ... + b(2) * sin(2 *x) + a(2)* cos(2*x)+ ... + a(n) * cos(n * x) + b(1) * sin(1* x) + b(2) *sin(2* x) +... + b(n) * sin(n * x), wherein f(x) defines the stroke and x represents a value between 0 and 2*Pi, and to coefficients found in this manner according to i a(i) b(i) 0 1354.227058823529000 0.000000000000000E+00 1 6,211087651786986E-014 -6,243906782879537E-014 2 290,202318413831200 -384,289975236601800 3 -2,715830852687821E-013 1,884187204349276E-013 4 49,316050906761640 173,327940214515400 5 -1,805616042677905E-013 -5,744078144460588E-014 6 -15,088290781260220 -5,845234989164741 7 -1,873716376516641E-013 8,198941002907585E-014 8 -1,986870683489189 1,230218243448128 9 -2,750407780154656E-013 8,918586271192693E-014 10 -2,564296084347008E-001 2,767316189620829 11 -2,059102420910321E-013 7,826053253200130E-014 12 1,046079698263193 9,536276480635638E-001 13 3,857297670670378E-014 -1,600336005800794E-015 14 -2,222227580962598E-001 4,154063286283567E-002 15 -3,169264053413094E-013 1,529856614009839E-013
11. The method and program according to one of the claims 8 to 10, characterized in that a transfer movement from one press (1) to another press (1) for forming or cutting parts (2.2) is controlled in an open or closed loop as a function of at least one of the following steps:

    ▪ start of the stroke (H) and monitoring of a first "position" (A),

    ▪ run-out of the stroke (H) and monitoring of a second "position" (B),

    ▪ progression of the stroke (H) and monitoring of a first path (11) and

    ▪ progression of the stroke (H) and monitoring of a second path (12).
12. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a primary drive (4) with a servomotor (5) or a coupling/brake combination (6) is used for controlled running into the first position (A) and controlled running out of the second position (B), wherein

    ▪ the servomotor (5) is connected to the primary drive (4) of the press (1) or designed as the primary drive (4) or

    ▪ the coupling/brake combination (6) is arranged upstream or downstream of the primary drive (4) or

    ▪ the servomotor (5) is used for controlled running into the first position (A) and the coupling/brake combination (6) is used for controlled running out of the second position (B) or

    ▪ the coupling/brake combination (6) is used for controlled running into the first position (A) and the servo motor (5) is used for controlled running out of the position (B).

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