EP2608952B1 - Method of operating a press with a bottom drive and press operated according to this method - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a method for operating a press with sub-drive. Furthermore, the invention relates to a subsequently operated press, the at least one arranged in a substructure and connected to drive elements, at least one motor or servomotor having drive means, a hub exporting, at least one tool top receiving plunger, a plurality of attacking on the plunger tie rods or Zugpleuel for transmission the drive for the stroke of the plunger, at least one associated with the plunger and the corresponding tool upper part arranged in the base tool lower part and a control and regulating device, wherein the stroke of the plunger operated above or before a top dead center to or above a bottom dead center becomes.

For the purposes of the invention, the press should be used for forming, compacting and packaging as well as for cutting materials of any kind and also be used as a transfer press or in press lines.

State of the art

Such a conceived press with sub-drive, the expert from the synopsis of the prior art readily put together, although it is not disclosed as a genus in this complexity individually in a published document by itself.

The prior art generally teaches that the ram is regularly driven by a combination of drawbars / drawbars from a compact drive unit in a substructure of the press.

From the teaching literature it is known that presses with sub-drive are mainly designed as presses with low nominal force and high stroke rate and less for so-called large presses.

It is further shown that the laterally engaging on the plunger tie rods / Zugpleuel lead to greater bending stress and a correspondingly large deflection of the plunger, but the action line also off-center on the plunger attacking forces is always between the articulation points of Zugstangen / Zugpleuel.

Regularly, the tie rods / Zugpleuel are performed in uprights - at least above the substructure - which are connected to a located above the stand, the ram forming cross-beam, so that thus quasi a press frame for the occurring and male forces is formed.

For the expert applies the press with regard to the forces occurring after the actions for machining the workpieces and also to interpret the reactions to press beats or deflections, so that a stand structure is regularly selected in said press frame.

As a result of this expert summary is looking for economic solutions, generic presses with sub-drive - even as large presses - without the recognizable by individual examples disadvantages - such. as a stand structure - to train and operate.

• AT 215 257 : Das herausragende Schwungrad erfordert einen großen umbauten Raum. Die aufwendige Hebelkinematik macht eine eventuell erforderliche Schlagdämpfung wirkungslos, die erforderlichenfalls nur mit hohem Materialeinsatz zu kompensieren wäre. Die zwangsläufige Übertragung, oben erwähnter außermittiger Kräfte ist auf Grund der weich reagierenden Hebelkinematik ineffizient. Die relativ vielen beweglichen Maschinenelemente schaffen nur kleine Relativbewegungen wie für den Stößelhub, wenn hohe Preßkräfte zu übertragen sind. Die Möglichkeiten für situations- oder prozeßbedingte Zwangsauslösungen sind beschränkt, und es fehlt ein Betriebssystem für einen Überlastschutz.
• DE 25 07 098 : Auch diese Presse erfordert wegen großer Bauelemente einen großen umbauten Raum. Die Hebelkinematik ist nachteilig teilweise im Unterbau und teilweise im oberen Ständerbau angeordnet, so dass der obere Ständerbau wesentlicher, kräfteaufnehmender Bestandteil der Presse wird. Eine Einordnung dieser Presse in die Konfiguration moderner Transferpressen oder Pressenstraßen ist ohne zusätzliche Umfahrwege wie so genannte Blockumfahrung im T-Track nicht möglich.
• DD 119 014 : Die Bauhöhe und aufwendigen Führungen lassen eine Einordnung in Straßen von besagten Transferpressen nicht zu. Schließlich sind die eingangs beschriebenen außermittigen Kräfte schlecht übertragbar.

The analysis of the exemplary embodiments of presses with sub-drive known as individual solutions shows:

• AT 215 257 : The outstanding flywheel requires a large enclosed space. The complex lever kinematics makes any necessary shock absorption ineffective, which would be necessary to compensate only with a high use of materials. The inevitable transfer, above-mentioned off-center forces is inefficient due to the soft-reacting lever kinematics. The relatively many movable machine elements provide only small relative movements as for the ram stroke when high compressive forces are to be transmitted. The possibilities for situational or process-related forced release are limited, and an operating system for overload protection is missing.
• DE 25 07 098 : Also this press requires a large enclosed space because of large components. The lever kinematics is disadvantageous partly in the substructure and partly in the arranged upper stator, so that the upper stator is essential, power receiving part of the press. A classification of this press in the configuration of modern transfer presses or press lines is not possible without additional detours such as so-called block bypass in the T-Track.
• DD 119 014 : The height and elaborate guides do not allow a classification in streets of said transfer presses. Finally, the off-center forces described above are poorly transferable.

In addition, a punch press was made according to EP 2 008 799 A1 with a Unteranrieb known, in which the plunger is driven by tension columns with a arranged below the processing plane drive mechanism with crankshaft and connecting rod. This should be reduced by a special transmission mechanism and a division of the ram forces bearing loads and high precision at high punch frequencies can be achieved. In view of the requirements to be developed presses with sub-drive is disadvantageous here, that can be changed by adjusting the vertical position of the articulation point on the structure of the press work-related adjustments only. This solution is unable to detect and control the complex acting forces according to the processing requirements for the respective workpiece from the plunger over a larger effective range. In addition, the local servomotor-driven division of the ram forces would be limited to pure stamping presses realize.

Originally, the presses were powered by an electric motor and energy-storing flywheel. Meanwhile, an energy-efficient drive has increasingly prevailed with the help of servo-electric drives. For example, in EP 1 880 837 A2 discloses a press system with energy management of a servo drive, which on the one hand sufficient capacity for receiving additional energy and on the other hand at any time sufficient energy is available to meet the respective press cycle.

In connection with an advantageous control and regulation of the plunger movement for servo-electrically operated presses is finally from the DE 10 2005 040 263 A1 the task known to enable a position-controlled and force-controlled by means of a simple structure a reproducible sequence of the plunger movement, which also off-center Forces are to be regulated. In principle, this is achieved in that setpoint torques for the servomotors for driving the plunger are controlled as a function of influencing variables by means of a virtual guide shaft controlled position cam and mode-dependent controlled force or torque limit. The relevant method and apparatus should be applicable for presses with upper drive and lower drive, but this solution for presses with sub-drive requires special complex arrangements in the lower drive with space in the limited substructure.

• Pressen mit Unterantrieb als so genannte Großpressen ausgeführt werden sollen,
• die Wirklinie außermittig am Stößel angreifender Kräfte stets zwischen den Anlenkpunkten der Zugstangen/Zugpleuel liegt,
• bei Pressen mit Unterantrieb regelmäßig auch die Zugstangen/Zugpleuel in Ständern geführt werden, so dass damit quasi ein Pressengestell für die auftretenden und aufzunehmenden Kräfte zu bilden, weil hinsichtlich der auftretenden Kräfte nach den Aktionen zur Bearbeitung der Werkstücke und auch den Reaktionen auf Pressenschläge oder Durchbiegungen regelmäßig ein Ständeraufbau im besagten Pressengestell gewählt wird,
• servoelekrische Antriebe im Unterantrieb zu realisieren sind und
• komplex wirkende Einflüsse den Stößelberieb weitgehend nicht stören sollen,

muss im Ergebnis dieser fachmännischen Zusammenschau - auch gegenüber der DE 10 2005 040 263 A1 - nach wirtschaftlichen Lösungen gesucht werden, gattungsgemäße Pressen mit Unterantrieb - auch als Großpressen - ohne die vorstehend an Einzelbeispielen erkennbaren Nachteile - wie z.B. als Ständeraufbau - auszubilden und zu betreiben.Mindful of the above findings that

• Presses with sub drive are to be designed as so-called large presses,
• the action line is off-center on the ram of attacking forces always between the articulation points of the tie rods / Zugpleuel,
• in presses with sub drive regularly also the tie rods / Zugpleuel be performed in uprights, so that so to speak form a press frame for the occurring and male forces, because of the forces occurring after the actions for machining the workpieces and also the reactions to press beats or deflections a stand structure is regularly selected in said press frame,
• servo-electric drives are to be realized in the lower drive and
• complex-acting influences should not interfere with the ram obsession,

must in the result of this expert synopsis - also to the DE 10 2005 040 263 A1 - Are looking for economic solutions, generic presses with sub-drive - as large presses - without the above individual examples recognizable disadvantages - such as a stand structure - train and operate.

The EP 1 612 037 A2 describes a servomotor control unit for a press-forming machine having at least one press-forming unit reciprocating by a predetermined stroke, the press-forming machine including a speed detector for detecting the speed of the servomotor, a pressure detector for detecting a pressure actually applied to a workpiece, and a pressure control processing part for generating a speed command from a print command formed of a difference between a print command and the actual print.

In the EP 1 1321 285 A2 is disclosed in a press machine with an engine connected to and rotatably drivable with a crankshaft and with a motor drive control section for controlling drive of the motor based on output from the control section, the control section including a position control system, a control mode shift control section, and a press force control system; and the pressing force is calculated from the motor driving current.

Explanation of the essence of the invention task

The invention has as its object to conceive as summarized at the outset press with sub-drive, according to the method ensures an optimized force and path of the tappet and its stroke by means of a control and regulating device and in particular the operating method is developed so that the forces acting accordingly The processing requirements for the respective workpiece from the ram differentiated act on the one hand, but on the other hand also capture a larger effective range.

It is not enough for this, the forces alone - such as after the DE 10 2005 040 263 A1 - To influence position-controlled and force-controlled and also to regulate off-center forces, but to increase the range of forces acting and to specify a functional or functional function, so complex states and forces acting in the system can be largely recorded and regulated better than before.

The process operated according to press should be used economically as a large press in press lines and justify a potential for a waiver of conventional stator training with connecting crosshead.

This task aims in a constructive sense to be able to build the press with optimized performance data more compact compared to conventional presses with sub-drive.

solution

According to the invention the object is achieved with the method according to the features of claims 1 to 36 and with a press with control and regulating device according to the features of claims 37 to 50.

• mindestens eine in einem Unterbau angeordnete und mit Antriebselementen verbundene, einen Antriebsstrang bildende und mindestens einen Motor oder Servomotor umfassende Antriebseinrichtung,
• einen einen Hub über oder vor einem oberen Totpunkt zu oder über einem unteren Totpunkt ausführenden, mindestens ein Werkzeugoberteil aufnehmenden Stößel,
• mindestens eine an dem Stößel angreifende Zugstange, auch mit oder als Zugpleuel ausgebildet, zur Übertragung des Antriebs für den Hub des Stößels,
• mindestens ein dem Stößel und dem korrespondierenden Werkzeugoberteil zugeordnetes auf dem Unterbau angeordnetes Werkzeugunterteil, wobei das Werkzeugoberteil auf ein auf dem Werkzeugunterteil liegendes und zu bearbeitendes Werkstück einwirkt,

aufweist.The method is based on a press with sub-drive, which

• at least one drive unit arranged in a substructure and connected to drive elements, forming a drive train and comprising at least one motor or servo motor,
• a plunger which carries a stroke above or in front of a top dead center or above a bottom dead center and which receives at least one tool top part,
• at least one pull rod acting on the plunger, also with or as Zugpleuel, for transmitting the drive for the stroke of the plunger,
• at least one tool lower part, which is arranged on the substructure and is associated with the plunger and the corresponding tool upper part, the tool upper part acting on a workpiece lying on the tool lower part and being machined,

having.

The operation of the plunger can thus - as is familiar to the expert - done alternately as reversing from top dead center to bottom dead center and back or cyclically from and above the top dead center to and above the bottom dead center.

über die Antriebseinrichtung zu Daten für die Bewegung des Stößels verarbeitet und so die Presse permanent gesteuert oder geregelt nach einem für das Werkstück erforderlichen Kräftesystem mit jeweils aktiv in ihrer Position und ihrer Dimension (Betrag) beeinflusster oder veränderter Kraft betrieben wird. Dabei bedeuten

• ∘ F(x) eine funktionsgemäß gesteuerte Kraft,
• ∘ F₂ eine örtlich wirkende Kraft,
• ∘ x einen Bereich einer variierbar wirkenden Kraft und
• ∘ L einen variierbaren Bereich wirkender Kräfte.

According to the invention, according to the method, a control and regulating device is used which receives values from states in the system of the press during the machining of the workpiece and according to the function $$\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{x}\right)=\frac{L}{x}•{\mathrm{F}}_2\mathrm{under\; the\; condition\; L}>\mathrm{x}>\frac{L}{2}$$

processed via the drive means to data for the movement of the plunger and so the press permanently controlled or controlled according to a force required for the workpiece force system with each active in their position and their dimension (amount) influenced or changed force is operated. Mean

• ∘ F (x) a functionally controlled force,
• ∘ F _{2 is} a local force,
• ∘ x a range of a variable acting force and
• ∘ L a variable range of acting forces.

For this purpose, at least values are recorded and processed as data of a force and path course and of at least one element of the drive device, a change of a Beriebswertes in the system of the press or the workpiece to be machined, which influence the stroke of the plunger.

This function and the defined parameters make it possible to increase the variable range of the forces acting in the inventive surprising sense, as shown in the Fig. 2a) and 2b ) in comparison to the forces acting according to the prior art and explained below and illustrated. So far, neither the conventional range of acting forces has been analyzed more closely, nor suggestions or approaches have been taken from the prior art, ever to increase the variable range of the intentional forces.

1. a) eines Kraft- und Wegeverlaufs des Stößels entsprechend der Funktion f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + ... + und
2. b) auf Grund von mindestens einem Element der Antriebseinrichtung, einer Veränderung eines Beriebswertes im System der Presse oder eines Prozesses des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks als beeinflussbare Bedingungen des Hubs des Stößels entsprechend der Formel f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + a(2)*cos(2*x) + ... + b(1)*sin(1*x) + b(2)*sin(2*x) + ......

aufgenommen und verarbeitet.After further development of this solution principle, the values become data

1. a) a force and path course of the plunger according to the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + ... + and
2. b) on the basis of at least one element of the drive device, a change in a Beriebswertes in the system of the press or a process of the workpiece to be machined as modifiable conditions of the stroke of the plunger according to the formula f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a ( 1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + ... + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ......

recorded and processed.

With these functions both for the data of the force and path course of the plunger and the other acting on the stroke of the plunger conditions of the inventive conclusion to the task, the total acting forces according to the processing requirements for the respective workpiece from the plunger act differentiated on the one hand , but also on the other hand to cover a larger effective range than before.

• Erfassung von ersten Daten aus Werten eines Wegeverlaufs oder einer Position aus dem Hub des Stößels durch die Verwendung mindestens eines ersten Mittels.
• Erfassung von zweiten Daten mindestens eines Ist-Wertes einer Kraft oder eines kraftäquivalenten Wertes in mindestens einem der Antriebselemente der Antriebseinrichtung durch die Verwendung mindestens eines zweiten Mittels, wobei diese mindestens einen Ist-Wert der Kraft in mindestens einer der Zugstangen oder mindestens in einem Zugpleuel oder in mindestens einer der Zugstangen und mindestens in einem Zugpleuel umfassen, wobei an den zu erfassenden Stellen einer Kraft Dehnmessstreifen oder Piezoelemente verwendet werden können.
• Erfassung von dritten Daten mindestens eines Ist-Wertes mindestens eines Motors der Antriebseinrichtung durch die Verwendung mindestens eines dritten Mittels, wobei diese Daten aus Werten einer Leistungsaufnahme, eines Drehmoments, eines Stromes, einer Drehzahl oder eines Drehwinkels mindestens eines Antriebselements wie Motors oder Servomotors herrühren können.
• Erfassung von vierten Daten mindestens eines Ist-Wertes einer Leistung oder eines Leistungsanstiegs im System der Presse durch die Verwendung mindestens eines vierten Mittels.
• Auswertung und/oder Regelung von mindestens einem der Werte von mindestens den ersten, zweiten, dritten und/oder vierten Daten zu fünften Daten durch die Verwendung mindestens eines fünften Mittels.

According to the invention, said data are used for the procedure as follows:

• Acquiring first data from values of a course of travel or a position from the stroke of the plunger through the use of at least one first means.
• Detecting second data of at least one actual value of a force or a force equivalent value in at least one of the drive elements of the drive device by the use of at least one second means, said at least one actual value of the force in at least one of the tie rods or at least in a Zugpleuel or comprise in at least one of the tie rods and at least in a Zugpleuel, wherein at the points to be detected a force strain gauges or piezo elements can be used.
• Acquiring third data of at least one actual value of at least one motor of the drive device through the use of at least one third means, which data may be derived from values of power consumption, torque, current, speed or angle of rotation of at least one drive element such as motor or servomotor ,
• Acquiring fourth data of at least one of an actual value of a power or a power increase in the system of the press by using at least a fourth means.
• Evaluation and / or regulation of at least one of the values of at least the first, second, third and / or fourth data on fifth data by the use of at least one fifth means.

The control and regulating device is therefore designed in the inventive sense with the first to fifth means for the exercise of the method.

1. a) mindestens ein Datum (im Sinne einer Datei) von den ersten bis vierten Daten aufgenommen und zu fünften Daten verarbeitet, ausgewertet oder geregelt werden,
2. b) durch die fünften Mittel diese Daten verarbeitet und zu für das Werkstück geltenden Werten von Daten verglichen oder geregelt und über die Antriebseinrichtung und den Stößel auf das Werkzeugoberteil und das Werkzeugunterteil als quasi Steuersignale übertragen werden, wonach
3. c) die auf das Werkzeugoberteil und Werkzeugunterteil wirkenden Kräfte entsprechend den Bedingungen des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks auf dieses örtlich differenziert oder variierbar eingesteuert oder geregelt und die Kräfte für einen größeren Wirkbereich gesteuert werden.

Thus, with the method

1. a) at least one date (in the sense of a file) is recorded from the first to the fourth data and processed, evaluated or regulated into fifth data,
2. b) by the fifth means, these data are processed and compared to values of data valid for the workpiece and transmitted via the drive device and the plunger to the upper tool part and the lower tool part as quasi control signals, according to which
3. c) the forces acting on the tool upper part and lower tool part are controlled or regulated in a locally differentiated or variable manner in accordance with the conditions of the workpiece to be machined, and the forces are controlled for a larger effective range.

• zur Veränderung einzuregelnder oder einzusteuernder Werte zum Betreiben der Presse,
• zum Überlastschutz, Notbetrieb oder zur Stillsetzung der Presse und/oder
• zum Synchron- oder Asynchronlauf von Antriebselementen der Antriebseinrichtung (2)

in mindestens einem Soll/Ist-Vergleich von mindestens einem der ersten bis vierten erfassten Daten ausgewertet und als Sollwerte durch die Verwendung der fünften Mittel in den Betrieb der Presse eingesteuert oder geregelt und eingesteuert werden.With the method, the processed fifth data for the triggering of at least one of the actions, such as

• for changing the values to be regulated or controlled for the operation of the press,
• for overload protection, emergency operation or to shut down the press and / or
• for synchronous or asynchronous operation of drive elements of the drive device (2)

evaluated in at least one target / actual comparison of at least one of the first to fourth detected data and are controlled as setpoints by the use of the fifth means in the operation of the press or controlled and controlled.

At least one of the first through fourth acquired data and evaluated fifth data may also be used to influence press force responses in the press system for impact damping or deflections of the ram for changed force distribution.

Thus, the force in terms of their position, position and their amount can be actively changed as a function of eg "Umformverlaufes" so that taken over as a function merging with the main function even sub-functions of a so-called die cushion device or can be actively supported. In this regard, the inventive principle is also suitable for presses with sub-drive using elements of a die cushion device, for which purpose further functions according to the invention are specified, but structural details of a die cushion device are to be assumed to be known.

The data for the overload protection, emergency operation or the shutdown of the press should advantageously be triggered before reaching a set value of at least one of the first to fourth recorded data and evaluated fifth data of an action or reaction force.

The data from at least one of the first to fourth detected and evaluated fifth values are particularly suitably measured as a gradient of an increasing dimension or a position of at least one of the drive elements, evaluated and redefined in deviation from the target values for the changed distribution for an action or reaction force ,

Thus, the invention makes it possible not only to measure and evaluate the data of at least one of the first through fourth detected and evaluated fifth values as a gradient of an increasing dimension or position of at least one of the driving elements as previously intended, but even for a predictive learning stroke of the plunger to be able to.

The method is further expandable with the following - also optionally combinable - process features:
Advantageously, the press can be operated in such a relationship of the stroke of the plunger to a length of Zugpleuels following a calculation according to a Fourier series.

The press is expediently operated by the drive device to the plunger via at least two drive trains.

Each drive train is powered by its own motor or servomotor.

Each drive train with motor or servomotor and pull rod is operated via the connecting control and regulating device.

The die cushion device is operated while maintaining a free space provided in the substructure. Advantageously, such a free space can also be used and configured for the logistics of a removal of waste from the machining process of the respective workpiece.

At least one drive train can be operated mechanically or electrically or coupled or decoupled by means of a detachable rotary or translational operative connection between at least one of the drive elements of the drive train in the change of the respective stroke of the plunger.

The mechanical coupling / decoupling takes place positively or frictionally or non-positively.

1. a) einer Momenten- oder Lageregelung,
2. b) einer Steuerung/Regelung im Kraft- und Geschwindigkeitsverlauf,
3. c) einer kraft- und momentenfreien Schaltung,
4. d) eines Selbstlaufs der Presse,
5. e) einer externen Ausbalancierung oder
6. f) eines Schwerkrafteinflusses

umfasst, und wobei in einem momentenfreien Betriebsmodus des Servomotors der Stößel bewegt werden kann und dieser Betriebsmodus für eine betriebssichere Verfügbarkeit der Presse verwendet werden kann.The operation of the press according to Fourier series calculation may be done as an electrical coupling / decoupling with the servomotor, the operative connection being at least one of the drive characteristics

1. a) a torque or position control,
2. b) a control / regulation in the force and speed course,
3. c) a force and torque-free circuit,
4. d) a self-running of the press,
5. e) external balancing or
6. f) a gravitational influence

and wherein in a torque-free operating mode of the servomotor, the plunger can be moved and this mode of operation can be used for a reliable press availability.

To meet the requirements of a practical operation at least one drive train is operated in principle coupled to achieve a synchronous or compensating movements of the plunger during at least a partial path of the downward stroke. During at least one partial path of the upward stroke, the drive train can be operated decoupled.

Depending on at least one of values or gradients of the forming forces, speed or paths to be transmitted or one of the positions of the working stages of the forming, the drive elements or the positions of the plunger, the operative connection is closed or released or influenced by force or position.

1. a) eine Geschwindigkeit des sich von oder vor oder nach einem oberen Totpunkt abwärts bewegenden Stößels unmittelbar vor dem Auftreffen des mit dem Werkzeugoberteil verbundenen Stößels auf das Werkzeugunterteil verzögert wird, um eine stoßartige Belastung zu reduzieren, und
2. b) nach Auftreffen des Werkzeugoberteils der Stößel gesteuert oder geregelt bis zum unteren Totpunkt abwärts und danach aufwärts bewegt wird.

The process should be further completed by

1. a) a speed of the moving from or before or after a top dead center downwards plunger is delayed immediately before the impact of the upper tool connected to the tappet on the lower tool part to reduce a shock-like load, and
2. b) controlled or regulated by the top of the tool, the plunger down to bottom dead center and then moved upward.

1. a) der Stößel vor oder aus seinem oberen Totpunkt bis kurz vor dem Auftreffen auf ein Element der Ziehkisseneinrichtung mittels eigener Schwerkraft nach unten bewegt wird,
2. b) dabei zur Verringerung des Auftreffschlags des Stößels auf das Element der Ziehkisseneinrichtung mittels eines generatorischen Betriebs des Motors der Stößel abgebremst wird,
3. c) sodann mit kontrollierter Geschwindigkeit ein Element der oder die Ziehkisseneinrichtung nach unten bewegt und das Werkstück umgeformt wird und
4. d) danach der Stößel zum oberen Totpunkt oder zur oberen Endlage gefahren wird.

Furthermore, the method can realize that

1. a) the plunger is moved downwards before or from its top dead center until shortly before hitting an element of the die cushion device by means of its own gravitational force,
2. b) is slowed down to reduce the impact of the ram on the element of the die cushion device by means of a regenerative operation of the motor, the plunger,
3. c) then moves at an controlled speed, an element or the die cushion device down and the workpiece is formed and
4. d) then the ram is moved to top dead center or to the upper end position.

1. a) der Stößel aus seinem oberen Totpunkt im geregelten Antrieb nach unten bewegt,
2. b) wobei alle erforderlichen Werte oder Gradienten einer Geschwindigkeit beim Auftreffen auf ein Element der Ziehkisseneinrichtung und einer Umformgeschwindigkeit festgelegt werden können, und
3. c) nach dem Umformen des Werkstücks der Stößel zum oberen Totpunkt oder zur oberen Endlage gefahren.

In addition, according to the procedure

1. a) the plunger moves downwards from its top dead center in the controlled drive,
2. b) where all the required values or gradients of a velocity when hitting an element of the Die cushion device and a forming speed can be set, and
3. c) moved to the upper dead center or the upper end position after forming the workpiece, the plunger.

After reshaping of the workpiece, the plunger can be moved to top dead center or to the upper end position with supportive introduction of force.

The method is particularly formed by the fact that occur asymmetric forces occurring in the die cushion device on the separately operated drive trains independent force into the plunger, which ensure the original movement of the plunger and parallel movement of the upper die to the tool base guiding, which force inputs both an inclination avoid the plunger and different impact impacts of the plunger.

However, it has been found that asymmetrically acting forces of the ram can also be advantageously applied and thereby produced by moving the ram in parallel to the e.g. Pulling cushion device impinges, or in the absence of a die cushion device, the plunger is moved with the tool upper part parallel to the lower tool part placing. Accordingly, the two drive trains are moved to different degrees in the direction of bottom dead center, but without reaching this. Thereafter, a reversal (reversal of direction of the drive) and the raising of the plunger.

Alternatively, even a drive train through the bottom dead center and driven without reversing back to top dead center, whereas the other drive train moves to top dead center before reaching bottom dead center with reversing. The respective position of the respective drive train or, for example, an eccentric element of the drive device, taking into account the rigidity of the machine (Hooke's law), is then decisive for the generation of the actually effective force. Due to the uneven further movement (angle of rotation) is on the spring stiffness of the machine a different, ie asymmetrically acting pressing force generated.

• von zu übertragenden Umformkräften, Gegenkräften oder einer Geschwindigkeit oder
• einer der Positionen der Arbeitsstufen der Umformung, der Antriebselemente oder der Stellungen des Stößels.

The control and regulating device used for the operation of the press allows the recording, evaluation and control of at least one of the values or parameters for at least one of the dimensions or gradients

• of transforming forces, counterforces or a speed to be transmitted or
• one of the positions of the working stages of the forming, the drive elements or the positions of the plunger.

1. a) Bearbeitung der ersten bis fünften Daten entsprechend der Funktion $\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{x}\right)=\frac{L}{x}•{\mathrm{F}}_2$
   
   unter der Bedingung $\mathrm{L}>\mathrm{x}>\frac{L}{2},$
   
   so dass die Presse permanent nach einem für das Werkstück erforderlichen Kräftesystem entsprechend den Bedingungen des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks geregelt und gesteuert betrieben werden kann,
2. b) Bearbeitung der ersten bis fünften Daten entsprechend eines Kraft- und Wegeverlaufs des Stößels gemäß der Funktion f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + ... + und unter den eingangs definierten Bedingungen des Hubs (h) des Stößels (1.1) entsprechend der Formel a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + a(2)*cos(2*x) + ... + b(1)*sin(1*x) + b(2)*sin(2*x) + ......,
3. c) Bearbeitung der aufgenommenen ersten bis vierten und ausgewerteten fünften Daten als steuer- und regelbare Soll-Vorgaben für die Antriebseinrichtung und Bewegung des Stößels, so dass die vom Werkzeugoberteil und Werkzeugunterteil zu übertragenden Kräfte örtlich differenziert, aber in einer größeren Breite auf das Werkstück wirken können,
4. d) Aktivierung von Befehlen zur Auslösung von Aktionen
   • ∘ zur Veränderung einzuregelnder oder einzusteuernder Werte zum Betreiben der Presse,
   • ∘ zum Überlastschutz, Notbetrieb oder zur Stillsetzung der Presse oder
   • ∘ zum Synchron- oder Asynchronlauf von Antriebselementen der Antriebseinrichtung und
   Aktivierung von Befehlen für eine Beeinflussung von Preßkraftreaktionen im System der Presse für eine Schlagdämpfung oder zur Kraftverteilung bei Durchbiegungen des Stößels,
5. e) Vorgabe eines Bedienungsalgorithmus' für eine Pressenführung nach den obligatorisch erforderlichen und optional möglichen Arbeitsabläufen der Presse gemäß den erfindungsrelevanten Merkmalen,
6. f) visuelle Bereitstellung pressenrelevanter Informationen auf einem Display aus dem Bedienungsalgorithmus, insbesondere über Arbeitsfolgen, Betriebssituationen und erforderliche Eingriffe.

The procedure for operating the press is perfected by using a program with at least one of the following program functions:

1. a) processing the first to fifth data according to the function $\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{x}\right)=\frac{L}{x}•{\mathrm{F}}_2$
   
   under the condition $\mathrm{L}>\mathrm{x}>\frac{L}{2}.$
   
   so that the press can be operated in a controlled and controlled manner permanently according to a force system required for the workpiece in accordance with the conditions of the workpiece to be machined,
2. b) processing the first to fifth data according to a force and path curve of the plunger according to the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + ... + and under the defined at the outset conditions of the stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1) according to the formula a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + ... + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ......,
3. c) processing of the recorded first to fourth and evaluated fifth data as controllable and controllable target specifications for the drive device and movement of the plunger, so that the forces to be transmitted from the upper tool and tool lower part locally differentiated, but act on the workpiece in a greater width can,
4. d) activation of commands to trigger actions
   • ∘ values to be adjusted or controlled for the operation of the press,
   • ∘ for overload protection, emergency operation or for stopping the press or
   • ∘ for synchronous or asynchronous operation of drive elements of the drive device and
   Activation of commands for influencing compressive force reactions in the system of the press for impact damping or for force distribution during deflections of the plunger,
5. e) specification of an operating algorithm for a press guide according to the obligatory and optionally possible working sequences of the press according to the features relevant to the invention,
6. f) visual provision of press-relevant information on a display from the operating algorithm, in particular about work sequences, operating situations and necessary interventions.

For this purpose, interfaces for at least one of these program functions are provided for the respective classification into the program operation of both a transfer press or press line and in its peripheral functions, preferably the program operation for the functions of a die cushion device and / or a transfer device.

• mindestens eine in einem Unterbau angeordnete Antriebseinrichtung , deren Antriebselemente mit mindestens einem Motor oder Servomotor und mindestens einer Zugstange einen Antriebsstrang zu mindestens einen Hub ausführenden , ein Werkzeugunterteil aufnehmenden Stößel bilden,
• mindestens einen einen Hub ausführenden, mindestens ein Werkzeugoberteil aufnehmenden Stößel,
• mehrere an dem Stößel angreifende Zugstangen oder Zugpleuel oder Zugstangen und Zugpleuel zur Übertragung des Antriebs für den Hub des Stößels und
• mindestens ein dem Stößel und dem korrespondierenden Werkzeugoberteil zugeordnetes, an dem Unterbau angeordnetes Werkzeugunterteil sowie
• die erfindungsgemäß Daten aus Zuständen des Betriebsverhaltens der Presse aufnehmende oder regelnde sowie die Antriebseinrichtung und Bewegung des Stößels steuernde oder regelnde oder regelnde und steuernde Steuer-und Regeleinrichtung auf.

The press with sub drive for carrying out the method has gone beyond conventional designs

• at least one drive device arranged in a substructure, the drive elements of which, with at least one motor or servomotor and at least one pull rod, form a drive train for at least one lift-carrying ram, receiving a tool lower part,
• at least one ram-carrying, at least one tool upper part receiving ram,
• several on the plunger attacking tie rods or Zugpleuel or tie rods and Zugpleuel for transmitting the drive for the stroke of the plunger and
• at least one of the plunger and the corresponding tool upper part associated, arranged on the base tool base and
• The control and regulating device according to the invention receives and controls data from states of the operating behavior of the press and also controls and regulates or controls and controls the drive device and movement of the plunger on.

1. a) ein erstes Mittel für die Erfassung der ersten Daten eines Wegeverlaufs sowie einer Position aus dem Hub des Stößels,
2. b) ein zweites Mittel für die Erfassung der zweiten Daten einer Kraft in mindestens einer Zugstange oder einem Zugpleuel oder einer Zugstange und einem,
3. c) ein drittes Mittel für die Erfassung der dritten Daten von Werten einer Leistungsaufnahme, eines Drehmoments, eines Stromes, einer Drehzahl oder eines Drehwinkels mindestens eines Antriebselements (2.1), vorzugsweise eines Motors,
4. d) ein viertes Mittel für die Erfassung der vierten Daten mindestens eines Ist-Wertes einer Leistung oder Leistungsanstiegs im System der Presse oder die Kombination mehrerer dieser Mittel und
5. e) ein fünftes Mittel für die Auswertung von fünften Daten zur Auslösung von mindestens eine der Aktionen
   • ∘ zur Veränderung einzuregelnder oder einzusteuernder Werte zum Betreiben der Presse,
   • ∘ zum Überlastschutz, Notbetrieb oder zur Stillsetzung der Presse oder
   • ∘ zum Synchron- oder Asynchronlauf von Antriebselementen der Antriebseinrichtung.

This control includes at least

1. a) a first means for detecting the first data of a course of travel and a position from the stroke of the plunger,
2. b) a second means for detecting the second data of a force in at least one tie rod or a Zugpleuel or a tie rod and a,
3. c) a third means for acquiring the third data of values of a power consumption, a torque, a current, a rotational speed or a rotational angle of at least one drive element (2.1), preferably an engine,
4. (d) a fourth means for collecting the fourth data of at least one actual value of a performance increase in the system of the press or the combination of several of these means and
5. e) a fifth means for the evaluation of fifth data to trigger at least one of the actions
   • ∘ values to be adjusted or controlled for the operation of the press,
   • ∘ for overload protection, emergency operation or for stopping the press or
   • ∘ for synchronous or asynchronous operation of drive elements of the drive device.

The press is by the combination of at least one of the first to fourth means for receiving at least one date (in the sense of a file) of the first to fourth data with the fifth means for evaluating fifth data for influencing compressive force reactions in the system of the press for a Impact damping or for power distribution at deflections of the plunger according to largely practical requirements efficiently operable.

Overall, therefore, the press is designed so that the plunger by means of at least one attacking pull rod or a Zugpleuel or a pull rod and a Zugpleuel is acted upon by the action of the fifth means of the control and regulating device with differentiated acting forces.

Furthermore, the press can be formed with the following combinable features:
From the drive device to the plunger, at least two drive trains are arranged.

Each drivetrain is connected to at least one of its own motors or servomotors.

Each drive train with motor or servomotor and pull rod is connected to the control and regulating device.

In the substructure, a space usable as a scrap chute or for a die cushion device is provided.

At least one drive train has an electrically acting detachable rotary or translational operative connection, which can be designed to be coupled or decoupled in the change of the respective stroke of the plunger.

The mechanical operative connection is designed positively or frictionally or force-locking.

1. a) einer Momenten- oder Lageregelung,
2. b) einer Steuerung/Regelung im Kraft- und Geschwindigkeitsverlauf,
3. c) einer kraft- und momentenfreien Schaltung,
4. d) eines Selbstlaufs der Presse,
5. e) einer externen Ausbalancierung oder
6. f) eines Schwerkrafteinflusses

umfasst. Wie verfahrensgemäß offenbart, kann in einem momentenfreien Betriebsmodus des Servomotors der Stößel bewegt und dieser Betriebsmodus für eine betriebssichere Verfügbarkeit der Presse verwendet werden.The electrical connection comprises the servomotor, which can be operated according to a Fourier series as electrical coupling / decoupling, wherein this operative connection at least one of the Antriebscharakeristiken

1. a) a torque or position control,
2. b) a control / regulation in the force and speed course,
3. c) a force and torque-free circuit,
4. d) a self-running of the press,
5. e) external balancing or
6. f) a gravitational influence

includes. As disclosed in accordance with the method, in a torque-free operating mode of the servomotor, the plunger can be moved and this operating mode can be used for a reliable availability of the press.

At least one drive train may be designed to be coupled or decoupled to achieve a synchronous or compensating movements of the plunger during at least a partial path of the stroke.

The invention will be explained with reference to an embodiment with reference to drawings.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

die vereinfachte Darstellung der Presse 1 mit Unterantrieb und das schematische Prinzip des erfindungsgemäßen Betriebs mittels der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 4,

Fig. 2

1. a) eine grafische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Funktionsprinzips und
2. b) eine schematische Grafik der Bereiche wirkender Kräfte gemäß der Erfindung in Gegenüberstellung zum bisherigen Stand der Technik,

Fig. 3

eine grafische Darstellung der Kurve des Stößels in der Variante seiner Bewegung nach OT mittels eigener Schwerkraft bei Verwendung einer nicht näher dargestellten Ziehkisseneinrichtung und

Fig.4

eine grafische Darstellung der Kurve des Stößels in der Variante seines geregelten Antriebs nach OT bei Verwendung einer nicht näher dargestellten Ziehkisseneinrichtung .

In the drawings show

Fig. 1

the simplified representation of the press 1 with sub drive and the schematic principle of the operation according to the invention by means of the control and regulating device 4,

Fig. 2

1. a) a graphic representation of the functional principle according to the invention and
2. b) a schematic diagram of the regions of acting forces according to the invention in comparison to the prior art,

Fig. 3

a graphical representation of the curve of the plunger in the variant of its movement to TDC by means of its own gravity when using a die cushion device, not shown, and

Figure 4

a graphical representation of the curve of the plunger in the variant of its controlled drive to TDC when using a die cushion device, not shown.

Best way to carry out the invention

Fig. 1 shows as an example a press 1 with a arranged in a base 3 and connected to drive elements 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 drive device 2. A stroke h between a top dead center OT and bottom dead center UT executing plunger 1.1 has a tool shell 1.2. Two pairs of tie rods 2.1.2 and Zugpleuel 2.1.3 attack in this example on the plunger 1.1 to transfer the drive for the stroke h of the plunger 1.1. The plunger 1.1 with the upper tool part 1.2 corresponds to a arranged on the base 3 lower tool part 3.2, wherein the upper tool part 1.2 acts on a lying on the lower tool part 3.2 workpiece 5 for shaping. Said drive elements 2.1 have two motors or servomotors 2.1.1 and the tie rods 2.1.2, each with a Zugpleuel 2.1.3, each forming a drive train 2.1.4.

In this example, the lower tool part 3.2 is arranged on a belonging to the base 3 table 3.1.

1. 1. erste Mittel 4.1 für die Erfassung von ersten Daten 4.1.1 eines Wegeverlaufs sowie einer Position aus dem Hub h des Stößels 1.1,
2. 2. zweite Mittel 4.2 für die Erfassung von zweiten Daten 4.2.1 von Kräften in den Zugstangen 2.1.2 oder den Zugpleueln 2.1.3,
3. 3. dritte Mittel 4.3 für die Erfassung von dritten Daten 4.3.1 von Werten einer Leistungsaufnahme, eines Drehmoments, eines Stromes, einer Drehzahl oder eines Drehwinkels mindestens in einem der Antriebselemente 2.1, in diesem Fall ein Motorstrom,
4. 4. vierte Mittel 4.4 für die Erfassung von vierten Daten 4.4.1 eines Ist-Wertes einer Leistung oder Leistungsanstiegs im System der Presse 1 und
5. 5. ein fünftes Mittel 4.5 für die Auswertung von fünften Daten 4.5.1 zur Auslösung von Aktionen
   • zur Veränderung einzuregelnder oder einzusteuernder Werte zum Betreiben der Presse 1,
   • zum Überlastschutz, Notbetrieb oder zur Stillsetzung der Presse 1 und
   • zum Synchron- oder Asynchronlauf der Antriebselemente 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 der Antriebseinrichtung 2.

A responsible for the operation of the press 1 control and regulating device 4 comprises

1. 1. first means 4.1 for acquiring first data 4.1.1 of a course of travel and a position from the stroke h of the plunger 1.1,
2. 2. second means 4.2 for recording second data 4.2.1 of forces in tie rods 2.1.2 or towers 2.1.3,
3. 3. Third means 4.3 for the acquisition of third data 4.3.1 of values of a power consumption, a torque, a current, a rotational speed or a rotation angle in at least one of the drive elements 2.1, in this case a motor current,
4. 4. fourth means 4.4 for the collection of fourth data 4.4.1 an actual value of a performance or increase in performance in the system of press 1 and
5. 5. a fifth means 4.5 for the evaluation of fifth data 4.5.1 to trigger actions
   • for changing the values to be adjusted or controlled for operating the press 1,
   • for overload protection, emergency operation or for stopping the press 1 and
   • for synchronous or asynchronous operation of the drive elements 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 of the drive device 2.

The press 1 acts on the plunger 1.1, mediates on the attacking tie rods 2.1.2 and Zugpleuel 2.1.3 and as a result of the action of the fifth means 4.5 of the control and regulating device 4, the differentiated between the upper die 1.2 and 3.2 tool base workpiece 5 with acting forces, as shown schematically in Fig. 2 , Picture a) and picture b).

unter der Bedingung $\mathrm{L}>\mathrm{x}>\frac{L}{2}$

verarbeiteten Daten auf die Antriebseinrichtung 2 für die Bewegung des Stößels eingesteuert, so dass die Presse 1 permanent nach einem für das Werkstück 5 erforderlichen Kräftesystem betrieben wird.For this, values from states in the system of the press 1 are taken during the machining of the workpiece 5 and according to Fig. 2a ) according to the function $\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{x}\right)=\frac{L}{x}•{\mathrm{F}}_2$

under the condition $\mathrm{L}>\mathrm{x}>\frac{L}{2}$

processed data on the drive means 2 for the movement of the plunger controlled, so that the press 1 is operated permanently after a required for the workpiece 5 force system.

unter der Bedingung $\mathrm{L}>\mathrm{x}>\frac{L}{2}$

dargestellt, wobei F_max die maximal wirkende Kraft kennzeichnet und mit x der Bereich einer erfindungsgemäß differenziert oder variiert wirkenden Kraft angedeutet ist.In the curve after Fig. 2a ) are with F ₁ and F ₂ over the area L locally acting forces as $\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{x}\right)=\frac{L}{x}•{\mathrm{F}}_2$

under the condition $\mathrm{L}>\mathrm{x}>\frac{L}{2}$

represented, wherein F _max denotes the maximum acting force and with x the range of a differentiated or varied according to the invention acting force is indicated.

This effect according to the invention is in Fig. 2 b) on the basis of forces acting in the extended area L _E on the upper tool 1.2 a previously covered area L ₀ , ie without the function of the invention, according to the prior art, schematically contrasted.

Fig. 2 b) thus illustrates the overall achieved over the previously acting forces F _1Lo and F _2Lo inventive effect of the forces F ₁ and F ₂ in a range L _E > L ₀ .

1. a) eines Kraft- und Wegeverlaufs des Stößels 1.1 entsprechend der Funktion f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + ... + und
2. b) unter den Bedingungen des Hubs h des Stößels 1.1 entsprechend der Formel a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + a(2)*cos(2*x) + ... + b(1)*sin(1*x) + b(2)*sin(2*x) + ......

aufzunehmen und zu verarbeiten.The method allows the values as data

1. a) a force and path course of the plunger 1.1 according to the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + ... + and
2. b) under the conditions of the stroke h of the tappet 1.1 according to the formula a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + ... + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ......

to absorb and process.

In the Fig. 1 the process can be followed schematically or constructively.

First, first data 4.1.1 are recorded from values of the course of travel or a position from the stroke h of the tappet 1.1 by the first means 4.1.

Then, second data 4.2.1 from the detection of actual values of a force or a force equivalent value in the drive elements 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 of the drive device 2 are detected by the second means 4.2, the second Data 4.2.1 are advantageously obtained from the detection of actual values of forces in the tie rods 2.1.2 and are applied to the points to be detected a force conventional strain gauges or piezo elements.

In the further course, third data 4.3.1 of actual values of the current of the motors or servomotors 2.1.1 of the drive device 2 are detected by the third means 4.3.

Finally, fourth data from the detection of actual values of power increases in the system of the press 1 are recorded by the fourth means 4.4.

These data are processed to fifth data 4.5.1 by the fifth means 4.5 and now - adjusted to the valid for the workpiece 5 values of data as quasi control signals - via the drive device 2 and the plunger 1.1 on the upper tool part 1.2 and the lower tool part 3.2 Shaping the workpiece 5 transferred.

Thus, the forces acting on the upper tool part 1.2 and lower tool part 3.2 forces are differentiated locally or variably according to the conditions of the workpiece to be machined 5 and in an optimally extended area L _E - as in Fig. 2 b) shown - controlled.

• zur Veränderung einzuregelnder oder einzusteuernder Werte zum Betreiben der Presse 1,
• zum Überlastschutz, Notbetrieb oder zur Stillsetzung der Presse,
• zum Synchron- oder Asynchronlauf von Antriebselementen 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 der Antriebseinrichtung 2

in einem Soll/Ist-Vergleich der ersten bis vierten erfassten Daten 4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.1 ausgewertet und als Sollwerte durch die Verwendung der fünften Mittel (4.5) eingesteuert oder geregelt und eingesteuert.Overall, the processed fifth data is 4.5.1 for the triggering of the actions

• for changing the values to be adjusted or controlled for operating the press 1,
• for overload protection, emergency operation or to shut down the press,
• for synchronous or asynchronous operation of drive elements 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 of the drive device 2

evaluated in a target / actual comparison of the first to fourth recorded data 4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.1 and controlled as setpoints by the use of the fifth means (4.5) or regulated and controlled.

The evaluated fifth data are also used for influencing compressive force reactions in the system of the press 1 for impact damping or deflections of the plunger 1.1 to the changed force distribution.

Depending on the "deformation process", the force in its position, position and their amount can be actively changed, so that as part of the main function merging effect even partial functions of a die cushion, not shown, can be taken or actively supported.

The data for the overload protection, emergency operation or shutdown of the press 1 shall be read before reaching a set value of the first to fourth recorded data 4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.1 and evaluated fifth data 4.5.1 of the required action data. or reaction force is triggered and measured as a gradient of an increasing force in one of the drive elements 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, evaluated and in deviation from the target specifications for the changed distribution for an action or reaction force, in particular for a predictive learning stroke h of the plunger 1.1 predetermined.

According to the method, the press 1 is operated in such a relationship of the stroke h of the tappet 1.1 to a length of Zugpleuels 2.1.3, which corresponds to a calculation of the Fourier series.

• die Presse 1 von der Antriebseinrichtung 2 zu dem Stößel 1.1 über zwei Antriebsstränge 2.1.4,
• jeder Antriebsstrang 2.1.4 von einem eigenen Motor oder Servomotor 2.1,
• jeder Antriebsstrang mit Motor oder Servomotor 1.1 und Zugstangen 2.1.2 über die verbindende Steuer-und Regeleinrichtung 4,
• die nicht dargestellte Ziehkisseneinrichtung unter Einhaltung eines im Unterbau 3 vorgesehenen Freiraumes 3.3,
• jeder Antriebsstrang 2.1.4 mittels je einer lösbaren rotatorischen oder translatorischen Wirkverbindung 2.2 zwischen dem Antriebsstrang 2.1.4 im Wechsel des jeweiligen Hubes h des Stößels 1.1 elektrisch oder mechanisch gekoppelt oder entkoppelt

betrieben.In this preferred embodiment

• the press 1 from the drive device 2 to the plunger 1.1 via two drive trains 2.1.4,
• each powertrain 2.1.4 from its own engine or servomotor 2.1,
• each drive train with motor or servomotor 1.1 and tie rods 2.1.2 via the connecting control and regulating device 4,
• the die cushion device, not shown, while maintaining a clearance 3 provided in the substructure 3,
• each drive train 2.1.4 electrically or mechanically coupled or decoupled by means of a respective detachable rotary or translational active connection 2.2 between the drive train 2.1.4 in the change of the respective stroke h of the plunger 1.1

operated.

• d) einer Momenten- oder Lageregelung,
• e) einer Steuerung/Regelung im Kraft- und Geschwindigkeitsverlauf,
• f) einer kraft- und momentenfreien Schaltung,
• g) eines Selbstlaufs der Presse 1,
• h) einer externen Ausbalancierung oder
• i) eines Schwerkrafteinflusses

umfasst. In einem momentenfreien Betriebsmodus des Servomotors 2.1.1 kann der Stößel 1.1 bewegt und dieser Betriebsmodus für eine betriebssichere Verfügbarkeit der Presse 1 verwendet werden.In one variant, the drive train 2.1.4 can be electrically coupled or decoupled with the servomotor 2.1.1, in which case the active connection 2.2 has at least one of the drive characteristics

• d) a moment or position control,
• e) a control / regulation in the force and speed course,
• f) a force and torque free circuit,
• g) a self-running of the press 1,
• h) external balancing or
• i) a gravitational influence

includes. In a torque-free operating mode of the servomotor 2.1.1, the plunger 1.1 can be moved and this operating mode can be used for a reliable operation of the press 1.

Thus, this means that the drive trains 2.1.4 are deliberately driven by servomotors 2.1.1 and operated in the operating modes torque or position control. Thus, the press 1 can be influenced or controlled in the course of force and speed. As another (more unusual) mode, such a servo drive can also be switched without force and torque. Thus, the press 1 is virtually "left to itself". Depending on the use of supplementary components, such. As an external "balance" or gravity influences will then take place in the torque-free mode of operation of the servomotors nevertheless a plunger movement, and indeed as it still too explanatory Figures 3 and 4 illustrate. Overall, this mode of operation is also advantageous when unforeseen events occur, eg. B. power failure, since then as an emergency strategy, the drives are switched to the torque-free state and thus the press 1 is brought into a safe operating condition.

In another variant, the operative connection 2.2 of the drive train 2.1.4 can be closed and released in a form-fitting or frictional or force-locking or alternating manner as a mechanical coupling.

To achieve a synchronous operation or compensating movements of the plunger 1.1, the drive trains 2.1.4 are coupled during at least one partial path of the downward stroke h and the drive trains 2.1.4 are decoupled during at least one partial path of the upward stroke h.

Depending on at least one of values or gradients of the forming forces to be transmitted, speed or path or one of the positions of the working stages of forming, the drive elements 2.1 or the positions of the plunger 1.1, the active compounds 2.2 are closed or released or influenced by force or position.

A speed of the tappet 1.1 moving downwards from or before or after a top dead center TDC is delayed immediately before the impact of the tappet 1.1 connected to the tool upper part 1.2 on the tool bottom part 3.2, in order to reduce an impact load, and after striking the tool top part 1.2 the plunger 1.1 controlled or regulated to the bottom dead center UT down and then moved upwards.

In the Fig. 3 is shown graphically, as in a variant of the plunger 1.1 before or from its top dead center TDC until just before hitting on, for example, an element of the die cushion device is moved down by its own gravity, in which case he to reduce the impact of the plunger 1.1 on the not illustrated element of the die cushion device, such as a conventional bracket or a conventional pressure cheek, by means of a regenerative operation of the engine 2.1 ( Fig. 1 ) is slowed down, then the element of the die cushion device moves downwards at a controlled speed and the workpiece 5 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) and then the plunger 1.1 is moved to top dead center or to the upper end position OT.

In the Fig. 4 FIG. 3 is a graph showing how the tappet 1.1 is moved downwardly from its top dead center OT in the controlled drive, and all the required values or gradients of velocity upon impact with the die cushion device and a forming speed element (as discussed above) may be determined the forming of the workpiece 5 of the plunger 1.1 is moved to top dead center or to the upper end position OT.

After the forming of the workpiece 5, the plunger 1.1 is moved to top dead center OT or to the upper end position with supporting force introduction.

When asymmetric forces occur, e.g. In the die cushion device via the separately operated drive trains 2.1.4 independent force applications in the plunger 1.1, the one the original, i. the intended movement of the plunger 1.1 as well as parallel movement of the upper tool part 1.2 to the tool base 3.2 effecting guiding ensure which force inputs avoid both an inclination of the plunger 1.1 and different impact of the plunger 1.1.

On the other hand, the embodiment also allows asymmetrically acting forces of the plunger 1.1 advantageously apply and thereby selectively generate by the plunger 1.1 impinges parallel to the die cushion device, or drive in the absence of a die cushion device, the plunger parallel to the lower tool on the lower tool. For this purpose, the two drive trains 2.1.4 are moved to different degrees in the direction of bottom dead center UT, but without reaching them. Thereafter, a reversal (reversal of the direction of rotation of the drive) and the raising of the plunger 1.1.

Alternatively, even a drive train 2.1.4 can be driven back to the top dead center OT by the bottom dead center UT and without reversing, whereas the other drive train 2.1.4 before reversing the bottom dead center UT moves back to top dead center.

The generation of the actual effective force is derived from the respective position of the respective drive train 2.1.4 or eg an eccentric element of the drive device 2 taking into account the rigidity of the press (Hooke's Law).

Drawing on this teaching, the press 1 can be executed as follows:
In principle, in the case of asymmetrically acting forces, the tappet 1.1 is initially movable parallel to the bottom dead center UT from the top dead center TDC and after the tool upper part 1.2 has hit the tool bottom part 3.2, a resulting unequal movement of the two drive trains 2.1.4 can be continued. The upper tool part 1.2 and the lower tool part 3.2 are now closed in parallel. As a result of the uneven further movement, asymmetrical as well as unequal forces can be selectively generated via the spring stiffness of the press.

According to a variant, the plunger 1.1 and the drive trains are 2.1.4 before reaching the bottom dead center UT and when reaching the asymmetric as unequal forces in the reversing (direction of rotation reversal of the drive device) in the direction of top dead center (TDC) movable, the upper tool 1.2 of Tool lower part (3.2) is movable away.

According to another variant, the press 1 can also be operated so that each acting in a drive train 2.1.4 greater force is considered the leading value and said drive train 2.1.4 without reversing through the bottom dead center UT and then to top dead center OT is mobile , The other drive train 2.1.4 with the lower-acting force is coming to a stop before the bottom dead center UT and reversible configured and reversible. Together with the first-mentioned drive train 2.1.4, the tappet 1.1 with the upper tool part 1.2 in a parallel movement to the lower tool part 3.2 then back to top dead center OT mobile.

1. a) Bearbeitung der ersten bis fünften Daten entsprechend der Funktion F $\left(\mathrm{x}\right)=\frac{L}{x}•{\mathrm{F}}_2$
   
   unter der Bedingung $\mathrm{L}>\mathrm{x}>\frac{L}{2},$
   
   so dass die Presse (1) permanent nach dem für das Werkstück 5 erforderlichen Kräftesystem entsprechend den Bedingungen des zu bearbeitenden Werkstücks 5 geregelt und gesteuert betrieben werden kann,
2. b) Bearbeitung der ersten bis fünften Daten entsprechend eines Kraft- und Wegeverlaufs des Stößels (1.1) gemäß der Funktion f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + ... + und unter den Bedingungen des Hubs (h) des Stößels (1.1) entsprechend der Formel a(0)/2 + a(1)*cos(1*x) + a(2)*cos(2*x) + ... + b(1)*sin(1*x) + b(2)*sin(2*x) + ......,
3. c) Bearbeitung der aufgenommenen ersten bis vierten und ausgewerteten fünften Daten als steuer- und regelbare Soll-Vorgaben für die Antriebseinrichtung 2 und Bewegung des Stößels 1.1, so dass die vom Werkzeugoberteil 1.2 und Werkzeugunterteil 3.2 zu übertragenden Kräfte örtlich differenziert auf das Werkstück 5 wirken können,
4. d) Aktivierung von Befehlen zur Auslösung von Aktionen
   • ∘ zur Veränderung einzuregelnder oder einzusteuernder Werte zum Betreiben der Presse 1,
   • ∘ zum Überlastschutz, Notbetrieb oder zur Stillsetzung der Presse 1 und
   • ∘ zum wahlweisen Synchron- oder Asynchronlauf von Antriebselementen 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 der Antriebseinrichtung 2 und
   Aktivierung von Befehlen für eine Beeinflussung von Preßkraftreaktionen im System der Presse 1 für eine Schlagdämpfung oder zur Kraftverteilung bei Durchbiegungen des Stößels 1.1,
5. e) eines Bedienungsalgorithmus' für die Pressenführung nach den erforderlichen und möglichen Arbeitsabläufen der Presse 1 und
6. f) Anzeige pressenrelevanter Informationen auf einem Display aus dem Bedienungsalgorithmus, inbesondere über Arbeitsfolgen, Betriebssituationen angezeigt werden und erforderliche Eingriffe mit Schnittstellen für besagte Programmfunktionen zur jeweiligen Einordnung in den Programmbetrieb sowohl in eine Transferpresse oder Pressenstraße als auch in periphere Funktionen, wie dem Programmbetrieb eines Ziehkissens oder einer Transfereinrichtung,

vorgesehen sind.For the method described in the exemplary embodiment for operating the press, a program which can be integrated into the control and regulating device 4 is used, in which the program functions

1. a) processing the first to fifth data according to the function F $\left(\mathrm{x}\right)=\frac{L}{x}•{\mathrm{F}}_2$
   
   under the condition $\mathrm{L}>\mathrm{x}>\frac{L}{2}.$
   
   so that the press (1) can be operated in a regulated and controlled manner permanently according to the force system required for the workpiece 5 in accordance with the conditions of the workpiece 5 to be machined,
2. b) processing of the first to fifth data according to a force and path course of the plunger (1.1) according to the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + ... + and under the conditions of the stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1) according to the formula a (0) / 2 + a (1) * cos (1 * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) +. . + b (1) * sin (1 * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) +.
3. c) processing of the recorded first to fourth and evaluated fifth data as controllable and controllable target specifications for the drive device 2 and movement of the plunger 1.1, so that the forces to be transmitted from the tool upper part 1.2 and lower tool part 3.2 can act locally differentiated on the workpiece 5 .
4. d) activation of commands to trigger actions
   • ∘ values to be adjusted or controlled for the operation of the press 1,
   • ∘ for overload protection, emergency operation or for stopping the press 1 and
   • ∘ for selectively synchronous or asynchronous running of drive elements 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 of the drive device 2 and
   Activation of commands for influencing compressive force reactions in the system of the press 1 for a shock absorption or for the force distribution in deflections of the plunger 1.1,
5. e) an operating algorithm for the press guide according to the required and possible operations of the press 1 and
6. f) display of press-relevant information on a display from the operating algorithm, in particular about work sequences, operating situations are displayed and necessary interventions with interfaces for said program functions for respective placement in the program operation in both a transfer press or press line and in peripheral functions, such as the program operation of a die cushion or a transfer device,

are provided.

Industrial Applicability

The process according to a control and regulating device with an optimized force and path of the ram and its hub operated press with sub-drive ensured by the efficient exploited and acting forces an energy-saving operation at the user and at the same time creates the prerequisite, the press with optimized performance data more compact To be able to build conventional presses with sub drive.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

= Press

1.1

= Plunger

1.2

= Tool shell

2

= Drive device

2.1

= Drive element

2.1.1

= Motor or servomotor

2.1.2

= Drawbar

2.1.3

= Zugpleuel

2.1.4

= Powertrain

2.2

= translational or rotational active compound

3

= Substructure

3.1

= Table

3.2

= Lower tool part

3.3

= Free space

4

= Control and regulating device

4.1

= first means for collecting first data

4.1.1

= first data of a course of travel as well as a position from the stroke h of the plunger (1.1)

4.2

= second means for acquiring second data

4.2.1

= second data of a force in at least one tie rod 2.1.2 or one Zugpleuel 2.1.3

4.3

= third means for collecting third data

4.3.1

= third data of values of a power consumption, a torque, a rotational speed, a current or a rotation angle of at least one drive element 2.1 as engine 2.1.1

4.4

= fourth means for collecting fourth data

4.4.1

= fourth data of at least one actual value of a power or a power increase in the system of the press 1

4.5

= fifth means for the evaluation, regulation and control of fifth data

4.5.1

= fifth data to trigger at least one of the actions and responses

5

= Workpiece

H

= Stroke, learning stroke

F (x)

= Force functionally controlled according to the invention

F ₁

= Force acting locally according to the invention

F _1Lo

= Acting force according to the prior art

F ₂

= Force acting locally according to the invention

F _2Lo

= Acting force according to the prior art

F _max

= Maximum force according to the invention

x

= Range of a variable acting force according to the invention

L _E

= variable range of forces acting according to the invention (L _E > L ₀ )

L ₀

= rigid area of acting forces according to the prior art

OT

= top dead center

UT

= bottom dead center

Claims (50)

1. A method for operating a press (1) with a bottom drive by using

   - at least one drive device (2) disposed in a sub-structure (3), the drive elements (2.1) of which form, with at least one motor or servo-motor (2.1.1) and at least one tie rod (2.1.2), at least one drive train (2.1.4) for at least one plunger (1.1) executing a stroke (h) and receiving at least one upper tool part (1.2), and

   - at least one bottom tool part (3.2) disposed on the sub-structure (3),
   wherein the plunger (1.1) acts with the upper tool part (1.2) onto a work piece (5) to be processed lying on the bottom tool part (3.2) and the stroke of the plunger (1.1) is operated via or ahead of a top dead center (OT) to or via a bottom dead center (UT), characterized in that values from operation conditions in the system of the press (1) during the processing of the work piece (5) are received by means of a control and regulation device (4) and processed into data according to the function $$F\left(x\right)=\frac{L}{x}\cdot F_2\mathrm{under\; the\; condition\; that}L>x>\frac{L}{2}$$

   

   and used for the movement of the plunger (1.1) via the drive device (2) and the press (1) is thus permanently operated in a controlled or regulated manner according to a system of forces required for the work piece (5), with a respective force, actively influenced or modified in its position and its dimension (amount), wherein first (4.1.1) data based on detected values of a travel progression or of a position during the stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1) are detected using a first means (4.1), and

   ∘ F(x) represents a force controlled according to the function

   ∘ F₂ represents a locally acting force

   ∘ x represents an area of a variably acting force and

   ∘ L represents a variable area of acting forces between a locally acting force F₁ and the locally acting force F₂, wherein the locally acting forces F₁ and F₂ transferred from the upper tool part (1.2) act on the work piece (5) to be processed and are detected by means of a second, means (4.2) in at least one element of the drive device (2)

   and values are collected and processed as data of at least

   - one force and travel progression and

   - the at least one element of the drive device (2), a change of an operational value in the system of the press (1) or the process of the work piece (5) to be processed, which influence the stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the values are collected and processed as data

   a) of the force and travel progression of the plunger (1.1) according to the function f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1) * cos(1 * x) + ... + and

   b) based on the conditions of the stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1) influenced by at least one element of the drive device (2), a change of an operating value in the system of the press (1) or of the work piece (5) to be processed, according to the formula: a(0)/2 + a(1) * cos(1 * x) + a(2) * cos(2 * x) + ··· + b(1) * sin(1 * x) + b(2) * sin(2 * x) + ··· .
3. The method according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the second data (4.2.1) is collected from the collection of at least one actual value of a force or of a force-equivalent value in at least one of the drive elements (2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3) of the drive device (2) by use of at least one second means (4.2).
4. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second data (4.2.1) are collected from the collection of at least one actual value of a force in at least one of the tie rods (2.1.2) or at least one of the connecting rods (2.1.3) or in at least one of the tie rods (2.1.2) and at least one of the connecting rods (2.1.3) by use of the second means (4.2).
5. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the values of forces for the second data (4.2.1) are collected by means of strain gauges or piezo elements attached to the tie rods (2.1.2) or connecting rods (2.1.3).
6. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that third data (4.3.1) of at least one actual value of at least one motor or servo-motor (2.1.1) of the drive device (2) are collected by use of a third means (4.3).
7. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the third data (4.3.1) are collected from values of a power consumption, a torque, a motor current, a rotational speed or a rotational angle of at least one of the drive elements (2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3) such as motors or servo-motors (2.1.1) by use of a third means (4.3).
8. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that fourth data (4.4.1) are recorded from the collection of at least one change of a collected actual value or a change of an operating value in the system of the press (1) by use of a fourth means (4.4).
9. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one of the values of first (4.1.1), second (4.2.1), third (4.3.1) and fourth (4.4.1) data is analyzed or regulated into fifth data (4.5.1) by use of fifth means (4.5).
10. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized by the following steps:

    a) at least one data (a data file) of the first to fourth data (4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.1) is recorded and analyzed, processed or regulated into fifth data (4.5.1),

    b) the recorded data is compared or regulated by the fifth means (4.5) into values of data applying to the work piece (5) and transmitted as virtual control signals via the drive device (2) and the plunger (1.1) to the upper tool part (1.2) and the bottom tool part (3.2), whereby

    c) the forces acting onto the upper tool part (1.2) and the bottom tool part (3.2) are applied or regulated and applied onto the work piece, according to the conditions of the work piece (5) to be processed, in a locally differentiated or dimensionally varied manner, i.e. in their quantitative amounts.
11. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the processed fifth data (4.5.1) is processed in at least one target/actual comparison of at least one of the first to fourth collected data (4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.1) and fed, or regulated and fed as target values by use of the fifth means (4.5) in order to trigger at least one of the following actions:

    • modification of values to be adjusted for or fed into the operation of the press (1),

    • overload protection, emergency operation or for shutdown of the press (1) and/or

    • synchronous or asynchronous run of drive elements (2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3) of the drive device (2).
12. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one value of the first to fourth collected data (4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.1) and analyzed fifth data (4.5.1) is used to influence reactions to the press force in the system of the press (1) for shock absorption or in case of bending of the plunger (1.1) for a modified force distribution.
13. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that by triggering the actions or reactions, at least partial functions of a die cushion apparatus can be assumed or actively supported.
14. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the data for the overload protection, emergency operation or shutdown of the press (1) is triggered before reaching a set value of at least one of the first to fourth collected data (4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.1) and fifth analyzed data (4.5.1) of an action or reaction force.
15. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 14, characterized in that data of at least one of the first to fourth collected and fifth analyzed values is measured and analyzed as a gradient of a dimension or a position of at least one of the drive elements (2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3) and, in case of a deviation from the target specification, newly specified for modification of the distribution for an action or reaction force.
16. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that data of at least one of the first to fourth collected and fifth analyzed values is measured, analyzed and specified for an anticipated learning stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1) as a gradient of a dimension or a position of at least one of the drive elements (2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3).
17. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the press (1) is operated with a relation between the stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1) and the length of the connecting rod (2.1.3) that is calculated according to a Fourier series.
18. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the press (1) is operated from the drive device (2) to the plunger (1.1) via at least two drive trains (2.1.4).
19. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 18, characterized in that each drive train (2.1.4) is operated by its own motor or servo-motor (2.1.1).
20. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 19, characterized in that each drive train (2.1.4) with motor or servo-motor (2.1.1) and tie rod (2.1.2) is operated via the connecting control and regulation device (4).
21. The method according to one of the claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the die cushion apparatus is operated with a free space (3.3) provided in the sub-structure (3).
22. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 21, characterized in that at least one drive train (2.1.4) is operated electrically or mechanically in a coupled or decoupled manner in the round trip of the respective stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1) by means of a detachable rotational or translational active connection (2.2) between at least one of the drive elements (2.1) of the drive train (2.1.4).
23. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the drive train (2.1.4) with the servo-motor (2.1.1) is operated electrically in a coupled or decoupled manner, wherein the active connection (2.2) comprises at least one of the following drive characteristics:

    d) a torque or orientation regulation,

    e) a control/regulation of the force and speed progression,

    f) a force and torque free operation,

    g) an automatic operation of the press (1),

    h) an external balance or

    i) an influence of gravity,

    wherein the plunger can be moved in a torque free operating mode of the servo-motor (2.1.1) and this operating mode can be used for secure operational availability of the press (1).
24. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the active connection (2.2) of the drive train (2.1.4) can be alternately closed and opened as a mechanical coupling in a positive-fitting, force fitting or frictional engagement.
25. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 24, characterized in that in order to achieve synchronization or compensation movements of the plunger (1.1), at least one drive train (2.1.4) is operated in a coupled manner during at least part of the downward stroke (h) and the drive train (2.1.4) is operated in a decoupled manner during at least part of the upward stroke (h).
26. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 24, characterized in that in case of asymmetrically acting forces of the plunger (1.1), it is first moved in parallel from the top dead center (OT) in the direction of the bottom dead center (UT) and a resulting unequal movement of the two drive trains (2.1.4) continues after the upper tool part (1.2) has impacted on the bottom tool part (3.2), wherein the upper tool part (1.2) and the bottom tool part (3.2) are now closed in parallel and, due to the unequal continuing movement, asymmetrically and unequally acting forces are specifically produced via the spring rigidity of the press 1.
27. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 24 and 26, characterized in that the plunger (1.1) and the drive trains (2.1.4) are moved in the direction of the top dead center (OT) before reaching the bottom dead center (UT) and upon achieving the asymmetrically and unequally acting forces in the reversing operation, wherein the upper tool part (1.2) is moved away from the bottom tool part (3.2).
28. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 24 and 26, characterized in that the greater force acting respectively in a drive train (2.1.4) is used as a guiding value for the operation of the press (1) and said drive train (2.1.4) is driven through the bottom dead center UT and then to the top dead center (OT) without reversing operation, wherein the other drive train (2.1.4) with the lesser acting force is stopped and reversed before the bottom dead center (UT) and together with the first mentioned drive train (2.1.4), the plunger (1.1) is driven along with the upper tool part (1.2) in a parallel movement to the bottom tool part (3.2) back to the top dead center (OT).
29. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 28, characterized in that depending on at least one of the values or gradients of the forming forces, speed or travel to be transmitted or one of the positions of the work steps of forming, the drive elements (2.1) or the positions of the plunger (1.1), the active connection (2.2) is closed or released or influenced depending on the force and orientation.
30. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 28, characterized in that

    a) a speed of the plunger (1.1) moving downward from or ahead of or after a top dead center (OT) is slowed down just before the plunger (1.1) connected to the upper tool part (1.2) impacts on the bottom tool part (3.2), in order to reduce a percussion-type stress, and

    b) after the impact of the upper tool part (1.2), the plunger (1.1) is moved in a controlled or regulated manner downwards to the bottom dead center (UT) and then upwards.
31. The method according to one of the claims 13 to 28, characterized in that

    a) ahead of or from its upper dead center (OT) until shortly before impacting on an element of the die cushion apparatus, the plunger (1.1) is moved downward by means of its own gravity,

    b) the plunger (1.1) is thereby slowed down by means of a generator operation of the motor (2.1.1), in order to reduce the impact of the plunger (1.1) on the element of the die cushion apparatus,

    c) an element of the die cushion apparatus is moved downward with controlled speed and the work piece (5) is formed and

    d) the plunger (1.1) is then moved to the upper dead center or to the upper end position (OT).
32. The method according to one of the claims 13 to 31, characterized in that

    a) the plunger (1.1) is moved downward from its upper dead center (OT) in controlled drive,

    b) wherein all the required values or gradients of a speed upon impacting on an element (3.3) of the die cushion apparatus and of a forming speed can be determined, and

    c) the plunger (1.1) is moved to the upper dead center or to the upper end position (OT) after forming the work piece (5).
33. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 32, characterized in that after forming the work piece (5), the plunger (1.1) is driven to the upper dead center (OT) or to the upper end position by application of a supporting force.
34. The method according to one of the claims 13 to 33, characterized in that in case of asymmetrically acting forces in the die cushion apparatus, independent force applications onto the plunger (1.1) occur via the separately operated drive trains (2.1.4), which ensure a guidance of the original movement of the plunger (1.1) as well as a parallel movement of the upper tool part (1.2) relative to the bottom tool part (3.2), said force applications preventing a skew of the plunger (1.1) as well as different impact blows of the plunger (1.1).
35. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 34, characterized by the use of the control and regulation device (4) for collecting, analyzing, and inputting/adjusting of at least one of the values or parameters for at least one of the dimensions or gradients

    - of forming forces, counterforces or a speed to be transmitted or

    - of one of the positions of the work steps of the forming process, the drive elements (2.1) or the positions of the plunger (1.1),

    for the operation of the press (1).
36. The method for operation the press (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 35, characterized by the use of a program with at least one of the following program functions:

    a) Processing of the first to fifth data according to the function $F\left(x\right)=\frac{L}{x}\cdot F_2$

    

    under the condition that $L>x>\frac{L}{2}$

    

    so that the press (1) can be permanently operated in a regulated and controlled manner according to a system of forces required for the work piece (5) in accordance with the conditions of the work piece (5) to be processed,

    b) Processing of the first to fifth data according to a force and travel progression of the plunger (1.1) according to the function f(x) = a(0)/2 + a(1) * cos(1 * x) + ··· + and under the conditions of the stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1) according to the formula a(0)/2 + a(1) * cos(1 * x) + a(2) * cos(2 * x) + ··· + b(1) * sin(1 * x) + b(2) * sin(2 * x) + ···,

    c) Processing the collected first to fourth and analyzed fifth data as controllable and adjustable target specifications for the drive device (2) and the movement of the plunger (1.1), so that the forces to be transmitted by the upper tool part (1.2) and the bottom tool part (3.2) can act in a locally differentiated manner onto the work piece (5),

    d) activation of commands for triggering actions

    o for modifying values to be adjusted or put in for the operation of the press (1),

    o for overload protection, emergency operation or shutdown of the press (1) or

    o for the synchronous or asynchronous run of drive elements (2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3) of the drive device (2) and

    activation of commands for influencing reactions to the press force in the system of the press (1) for shock absorption or, in case of bending of the plunger (1.1), for a modified force distribution.

    e) specification of an operation algorithm for press guidance according to the mandatorily required and possible work processes of the press (1) and

    f) visual presentation on a display of information relevant to the press from the operation algorithm, more specifically regarding operation sequences, operation situations and required interventions, wherein

    interfaces are provided for at least one of these program functions for respective integration into a programmed operation of a transfer press or press line as well as in their peripheral functions, preferably the programmed operation for the functions of a die cushion apparatus and a transfer device.
37. A press (1) with a bottom drive for implementing the method according to one of the claims 1 to 36, comprising

    • at least one drive device (2) disposed in a sub-structure (3), the drive elements (2.1) of which form, together with at least one motor or servo-motor (2.1.1) and at least one tie rod (2.1.2), at least one drive train (2.1.4) for at least one plunger (1.1) executing a stroke (h) and accommodating an upper tool part (1.2),

    • at least one bottom tool part (3.2) disposed on the sub-structure (3), wherein the plunger (1.1) with the upper tool part (1.2) acts onto a work piece (5) to be formed lying on the bottom tool part (3.2), and

    • a control and regulation device (4) collecting or regulating data from conditions of an operational behavior of the press (1) and controlling or regulating or regulating and controlling the drive device (2) and the movement of the plunger (1.1),

    characterized in that the control and regulation device (4) comprises at least

    a) a first means (4.1) for collection of first data (4.1.1) of a travel progression as well as of a position from the stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1),

    b) a second means (4.2) for collection of second data (4.2.1) of a force in at least one tie rod (2.1.2) or one connecting rod (2.1.3) or one tie rod (2.1.2) and one connecting rod (2.1.3),

    c) a third means (4.3) for collection of third data (4.3.1) of values of a power consumption, a torque, a motor current, a rotational speed or a rotational angle of at least one drive element (2.1), preferably of a motor (2.1.1),

    d) a fourth means (4.4) for collection of fourth data (4.4.1) of at least one actual value of a power output or of an increase in power output in the system of the press (1) or

    e) a fifth means (4.5) for analysis of fifth data (4.5.1) for triggering at least one of the actions

    ∘ for modifying values to be adjusted or put in for the operation of the press (1),

    ∘ for overload protection, emergency operation or shutdown of the press (1) or

    ∘ for the synchronous or asynchronous run of drive elements (2.1) of the drive device (2),

    wherein the control and regulation device is programmed to carry out the method according to one of the claims 1 to 36.
38. The press (1) according to claim 37, characterized by the combination of at least one of the first to fourth means (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) for recording at least one data of the first to fourth data (4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.1) with the fifth means (4.5) for analysis of fifth data (4.5.1) for influencing reactions to press forces in the system of the press (1) for shock absorption or in case of bending of the plunger (1.1) for a modified force distribution.
39. The press (1) according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that the plunger (1.1) is subjectable to differentially acting forces by means of at least one tie rod (2.1.2) or one connecting rod (2.1.3) or a tie rod (2.1.2) and a connecting rod (2.1.3) as a consequence of the effect of the fifth means (4.5) of the control and regulation device (4).
40. The press (1) according to one of the claims 37 to 39, characterized in that at least two drive trains (2.1.4) are disposed between the drive train (2) and the plunger (1.1).
41. The press (1) according to one of the claims 37 to 40, characterized in that each drive train (2.1.4) is connected to at least one own motor (2.1.1).
42. The press (1) according to one of the claims 37 to 41, characterized in that each drive train (2.1.4) with a motor (2.1.1) (2.1.1.1) and a tie rod (2.1.2) is connected with the control and regulation device (4).
43. The press (1) according to one of the claims 37 to 42, characterized in that a free space (3.3), which is usable as a scrap chute or for a die cushion apparatus, is provided in the sub-structure (3).
44. The press (1) according to one of the claims 37 to 43, characterized in that at least one drive train (2.1.4) has an electrically or mechanically acting detachable rotational or translational active connection (2.2) that is adapted to be coupled or decoupled in the round trip of the respective stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1).
45. The press (1) according to one of the claims 37 to 44, characterized in that the electrical active connection comprises the servo-motor (2.1.1).
46. The press (1) according to one of the claims 37 to 45, characterized in that the mechanical active connection (2.2) is a positive connection, force connection or frictional connection.
47. The press (1) according to one of the claims 37 to 46, characterized in that at least one drive train (2.1.4) is adapted to be coupled or decoupled during at least part of the stroke (h) in order to achieve synchronization or compensation movements of the plunger (1.1).
48. The press (1) according to one of the claims 37 to 47, characterized in that in case of asymmetrically acting forces of the plunger (1.1), it is configured to be movable in parallel from the top dead center (OT) in the direction of the bottom dead center (UT) and to continue a resulting unequal movement of the two drive trains (2.1.4) after the upper tool part (1.2) has impacted on the bottom tool part (3.2), wherein the upper tool part (1.2) and the bottom tool part (3.2) are now parallel and asymmetrically and unequally acting forces are thereby specifically produced.
49. The method according to one of the claims 37 to 47, characterized in that the plunger (1.1) and the drive trains (2.1.4) are movable in the direction of the top dead center (OT) before reaching the bottom dead center (UT) and upon achieving the asymmetrically and unequally acting forces in the reversing operation (inversion of the rotational direction of the drive device), wherein the upper tool part 1.2 is movable away from the bottom tool part (3.2).
50. The method according to one of the claims 37 to 47, characterized in that the greater force acting respectively in a drive train (2.1.4) is usable as a guiding value for the operation of the press (1) and said drive train (2.1.4) is drivable through the bottom dead center UT and then to the top dead center OT without reversing operation (inversion of the rotational direction of the drive device), wherein the other drive train (2.1.4) with the lesser acting force is configured so as to be stoppable and reversible before the bottom dead center (UT) and together with the first mentioned drive train (2.1.4), the plunger (1.1) is configured to be drivable along with the upper tool part (1.2) in a parallel movement to the bottom tool part (3.2) back to the top dead center (OT).

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