EP2804751B1 - Using data about the force flow in a press for the operation of a ram - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to the use of data of the power flow in a press for the operation of a plunger, wherein the press at least one connected via at least one drive train, a force generating drive means, at least one hub exporting and force transmitting, at least one tool upper part receiving plunger and comprises at least one of the plunger and the corresponding tool upper part associated lower tool part, and between the lower tool part and the upper tool part, a workpiece or material is machined or deformed.

For the purposes of this invention, generic presses are understood to be those having an upper drive or a lower drive, but distinguishing special uses.

State of the art

Such presses are known as versions with upper drive or lower drive for the plunger. For example, For example, the respective element of the drive train connected to and operating the ram may be designed as a drawbar / Zugpleuel in a sub-drive or as a threaded spindle or directly a force-generating element such as piston / cylinder unit.

Thus, e.g. in presses with sub drive the ram over tie rods - also in connection with a Zugpleuel - or via threaded spindles as traction elements are driven by a compact drive unit in a substructure of the press.

Regardless of the type of drive can occur as a result of acting in the machining process off-center forces inclinations of the plunger. However, a parallel run of the plunger is usually sought to the substructure.

So far find different solutions for a desired parallel operation application, which are realized essentially by appropriate expenses in the drive of the plunger or by different versions of the plunger guide.

It has, for example, according to AT 215 257 B disadvantageously found that a complex, but soft-reacting lever kinematics for transmission of off-center forces is inefficient. The relatively many moving machine elements provide only small compensating movements for an efficient lifter stroke when high compressive forces are to be transmitted.

Presses - both with top drive and with bottom drive - should, however, be designed so that they ensure an optimized force and travel path of the ram and its stroke and can act differentiated according to the processing requirements. From normal positions deviating positions of individual machine elements as well as the plunger should include as far as possible the construction system or balance in order to avoid on the one hand complex designs of the plunger guide and on the other hand to ensure the machining process.

It has already been proposed according to an internal prior art, by means of a control and regulating device to record values from operating conditions in the system of the press during the machining of the workpiece and to evaluate according to a function to data, which are also used conditionally for compensating movements of the plunger. Thus, the press can be controlled or operated according to a force required for the workpiece force system.

In generic presses, the drawing process by means of e.g. So-called pulling and drawing cushion crucial for influencing the positions of the plunger with respect to its horizontal position.

It was already at a punch press according to EP 2 008 799 A1 driven with a Unteranrieb the plunger via tension columns (analog tie rods) with a arranged below the processing plane drive mechanism with crankshaft and connecting rod. This is to be achieved by a special transmission mechanism and a division of the ram forces Reduced bearing loads and high precision at high punch frequencies can be achieved. However, deviating from the horizontal positions of the plunger are not compensated.

With regard to current requirements for presses, both unwanted and deliberate compensatory movements occurring in the process must be possible. This is to meet the conditions of a practical operation to achieve a synchronous or compensating movements of the plunger during at least a partial path of its strokes.

For example, in the case of presses with a sub-drive, this also applies to the area of the articulation points of the tie-rods on the tappet, which are regularly designed as releasable, rigid connections on the tappet.

It has already been proposed ( WO 2012/041313 ), despite occurring asymmetric forces, such. B. in a die cushion device via separately operated, pull rods having drive trains with independent force inputs into the plunger, a originally intended movement of the plunger and parallel movement of the upper tool to the lower tool part causing leadership to secure. On the one hand so that an inclination of the plunger as well as different impact impacts of the plunger can be avoided and on the other hand, the inclination of the plunger are deliberately brought about.

Thus, it has already been specified to advantageously use asymmetrically acting forces of the ram and to place the ram in parallel on the e.g. To leave die cushion device to strike or drive in the absence of a die cushion device, the plunger with the tool shell parallel to the lower tool part. For this purpose, e.g. two drive trains are moved differently far towards bottom dead center, but without reaching this. Thereafter, a reversal (reversal of direction of the drive) and the raising of the plunger.

Alternatively, even a drive train through the bottom dead center and driven without reversing back to top dead center, whereas the other drive train moves to top dead center before reaching bottom dead center with reversing. The respective position of the respective drive train is then decisive for the generation of the actually effective force.

• Reaktion auf außermittige Belastungen ohne Verzögerung,
• präzise Funktion,
• hohe Zuverlässigkeit,
• einfacher, kostengünstiger Aufbau

gerecht wird.Out DE 196 42 587 A1 a multi-point press with hydraulic pressure pads and inversely adjustable spring stiffeners of the pressure points for compensating the ram inclination was known to form a ram parallelism on presses so that they meet requirements such

• Reaction to off-center loads without delay,
• precise function,
• high reliability,
• simple, inexpensive construction

does justice.

This should be avoided in mechanically driven multi-point presses with eccentrically running operations resulting from the tilt between the table and plunger or off-center plunger load resulting process disturbance.

This invention aims solely to compensate for the inclination of the plunger so that a largely parallel to the press table plunger movement can be guaranteed.

• eine Stößelparallelhaltung an Mehrpunktpressen mit hydraulischen Druckkissen, wobei die Federsteifen in den Druckpunkten so verändert werden, dass infolge außermittiger Belastung auftretende unterschiedliche Längsverformungen von Gestell und Pleuel durch eine Verminderung der Steife des oder der zugehörigen Druckkissens kompensiert werden,
• dafür die Federsteife der Druckpunkte der Presse so eingestellt wird, dass sich die aus den Federsteifen der einzelnen Druckkissen der Presse sowie aus den Federsteifen der zugehörigen elastisch verformten Maschinenteile summierten Gesamtfedersteifen der Druckpunkte und die von den einzelnen Druckpunkten der Presse zu übertragenden Kräfte umgekehrt proportional zueinander verhalten und
• das oder die geringer belasteten Druckkissen mit einem Druckspeicher, insbesondere einem Kolbenspeicher, verbunden ist und der Vorspanndruck des Druckspeichers, insbesondere der Gasdruck des Kolbenspeichers entsprechend der gewünschten Verminderung des Steife des zugehörigen Druckkissens eingestellt wird.

The solution principle therefore includes

• a ram in parallel holding multi-point presses with hydraulic pressure pad, the spring stiffeners are changed in the pressure points so that occurring due to eccentric load different longitudinal deformations of frame and connecting rod are compensated by a reduction in the stiffness of the associated pressure pad or
• for the spring stiffness of the pressure points of the press is set so that the summed from the spring stiffeners of the individual pressure pads of the press and the spring stiffeners of the associated elastically deformed machine parts total spring stiffness of the pressure points and the forces to be transmitted from the individual pressure points of the press behave inversely proportional to each other and
• the or the less loaded pressure pad with a pressure accumulator, in particular a piston accumulator, is connected and the biasing pressure of the pressure accumulator, in particular the gas pressure of the piston accumulator is adjusted according to the desired reduction of the stiffness of the associated pressure pad.

With the synopsis of the solutions according to this state of development, the problem "ram tilt / ram parallelism" is only seemingly solved.

Especially in the DE 196 42 587 A1 indicated solution shows the expert disadvantageous that this is only applicable in a press, which is operated by a drive and the drive distributed over a power split to several pressure points. This means that it is not possible in any way to influence the uniform or non-uniform process of forming via controls and controls of the drive.

Apart from these proposed solutions were previously in presses for compensation movements z. B. sliding guides for use, which are not adjustable or adjustable only in several axes. Alternatively, complex roller guides (roller bearing guides) - even elaborately biased - used.

However, in order to prevent damage to these technical equipment in the event of unforeseen operating conditions, again very elaborate protective mechanisms are installed to prevent overloads, at least in part.

The invention assumes that all these expenses and facilities, such as guiding and protection devices can be dispensed with, if the desired parallel movement of the plunger can be ensured by controlled and regulated drive motors. In the event of malfunction oblique or inclined positions of the plunger, these should also be allowed, for which solutions in this regard were not covered by the development directions taken so far and thus factually excluded.

At the same time the problem turns out to specify a deviation from the desired parallel movement of the plunger as well as its oblique or inclined position also targeted, if it is expedient for the process, and bring about such positions of the plunger by means of elements of the drives.

It was in the DE 10 2005 040 263 A1 already set the task to provide a method and apparatus for controlling and regulating the plunger movement of servo-electric presses to achieve a precise and reproducible sequence of the plunger movement both in phases of the position-controlled and force-controlled movement of the plunger. A controlled operation should be ensured between several ram pressure points of a plunger as well as several plungers of a press plant each with each other and to peripheral devices for a high output.
In addition, the control quality of the tilting control, which can be used with off-center force, of a tappet equipped with several pressure points should also be improved in the case of highly dynamic processes.
The core idea was to combine the principle of a guide shaft-controlled electronic cam control with the force control so that depending on the operating mode, the movement phases of the plunger are controlled on the one hand via electronic position cam discs and on the other hand via a force control or force limitation to control the plunger movement.

Although a tilt control of the individual pressure points should also use the generation of a desired tilting of the plunger in addition to the compensation of occurring at eccentric load different suspension of all lying in the power flow drive elements, but this position control was done with the position cam and a position offset.

According to this doctrine, the person skilled in the art, on the one hand, was able to involve all the drive elements in the power flow to compensate for the different springing occurring during off-center loading and, on the other hand, to generate a desired tilting of the ram, but always under the condition that the desired value Torques for the servomotors for driving the pressure points of the plunger or depending on factors such as gear ratio and / or suspension, be controlled by means of a virtual Leitwelle controlled position cam and mode-dependent controlled force or torque limit.

This development should continue according to the DE 10 2006 059 796 A1 With little effort, a method and an apparatus for controlling and regulating the drive system of a press are provided, in spite of the reproducibility of the quality of the molded parts to be produced Improves the effect of disturbing factors, increases tool life and increases productivity while reducing energy consumption.
For this purpose, the tilting of the plunger is controlled by default by each pressure point separately associated servo-driven position adjustment. It has already been expertly determined that the asymmetrical suspension travel was to be determined on the basis of the part-specific off-center load taking into account the machine-specific stiffness model.

The actual compensation of the tappet tilting, however, takes place by means of a relatively complex sol-actual comparison of the preset asymmetric tappet positional adjustment and the asymmetrical movement sequence of the servo motors additionally assigned to the pressure points for the main drive.

A misalignment of the plunger in the upper reversal point is to be avoided during the 360 ° circulation mode according to a second embodiment in that the area of the upper reversal point is passed through in the cycle with symmetrical position adjustment and the asymmetric position adjustment after the upper reversal point before the following load phase is reactivated.

In a third embodiment, the control of the tilt of the plunger should be such that detected during the load phase in the area before the lower reversal point, the position of the plunger or upper tool with respect to tilt and deviation of the lower reversal point by means of a plunger position measuring device and within a control loop the tilting position and if necessary, the immersion depth is influenced.

According to a fourth embodiment, the immersion depth of the plunger is to be controlled. The expected deviations of the lower reversal position of the plunger or tool depending on influencing variables, such as duration-related temperature changes and stroke rates are stored in the controller taking into account a machine-specific model.

Although the core idea of these solutions can be seen to influence in a servo-electric forming press the positional deviations caused by a crank or a lever tappet in a weggebundenen mode when passing through the lower reversal point due to external influences such that on the one hand the immersion depth and on the other hand, the tilt position of the plunger is controlled or regulated, but is all four In common that the control of the servomotors for the main drive, the cam control is used, requiring separate electronic cams for each drive associated with each pressure point.

The person skilled in the art recognizes that the behavior of the local press is influenced in relation to a predetermined virtual guide shaft, with the individual servomotors being to be influenced in their deviation from the predetermined guide shaft position. For this purpose, various preparation phases are required, which must be laborious to make a corresponding adjustment of the machine.

Mindful of these investigations, the problem nevertheless remains to allow the pressing forces asymmetrically occurring in pressing as well as die cushion forces an unwanted as well as malfunction resulting tilting of the plunger or counteract this or a desired inclination of the plunger steer with simpler means such as existing structural elements, d. H. to ensure a desired parallel movement of the plunger by controlled and regulated drive motors.

Accordingly, a further development is to be excluded in that the main drive is assigned a cam control with separate electronic cams for each drive.

Therefore, it is necessary to be more aware of the objective action of Hooke's Law in the design system of a press, according to which tilting of the plunger due to off-center forces will create different loads on the parts in the force flow, which will stretch or spring or move differently according to Hooke's law, depending on the acting force. also be considered insofar as consuming structural additions can adversely affect the overall system.

Explanation of the essence of the invention task

The invention is based on the object, one in the types described above of presses, i. both with top drive and with sub-drive with asymmetrically occurring pressing forces as well as Ziehkissenkräften to allow an unwanted as resulting from malfunctioning tilt of the plunger or counteract this or a deliberate inclination of the plunger einzustuern with structural elements, what data of the power flow in a press for the operation of the plunger are to be used without using elaborate protective mechanisms.

In the solution of this problem, the invention proceeds from the operation of Hooke's Law in the construction system of a press. Accordingly, an oblique position of the plunger generates due to off-center forces different loads of the parts in the power flow, which stretch according to the Hooke's law depending on the force acting or rebound or move or move.

Although such forces have been on components of the press previously recorded and evaluated, but only for the immediate process monitoring of the deformation of the workpiece between the upper tool part and the lower tool part and in view of the load on the press and in the tools to control overloads / loads ,

solution

According to the invention the object is achieved with the features of claims 1 to 13. The invention is disclosed in two variants of solution, wherein it is taken into account that an imposing inclined position of the plunger causes different loads on the parts in the power flow due to eccentric forces, which according to the Hooke's law, depending on the acting force differently stretch or rebound or move.

• wobei die Presse mindestens eine, mit mindestens über einen Antriebsstrang verbundene, eine Kraft erzeugende Antriebseinrichtung, mindestens den einen Hub ausführenden und die Kraft übertragenden, mindestens ein Werkzeugoberteil aufnehmenden Stößel, und mindestens ein dem Stößel und dem korrespondierenden Werkzeugoberteil zugeordnetes Werkzeugunterteil aufweist, welche Teile der Presse den Kraftfluß von der Antriebseinrichtung zum Werkzeugoberteil herstellen,
• wobei zwischen Werkzeugoberteil und Werkzeugunterteil ein Werkstück oder Material bearbeitet oder verformt wird und der Stößel mit dem Werkzeugoberteil zwischen einem oberen und einem unteren Totpunkt in mindestens einem reversierenden einzelnen Hub oder den unteren Totpunkt und den oberen Totpunkt durchlaufenden Hüben auf das Werkzeugunterteil aufsetzend gefahren wird,

derart, dass

• die Daten von infolge außermittigen Kräften auftretenden unterschiedlichen Belastungen des gesamten Kraftflusses oder aller an dem Kraftfluss beteiligten Teile, welche Kräfte entsprechend dem Hookeschen Gesetz eine Aufdehnung oder Auffederung oder Bewegung der beteiligten Teile hervorrufen, erfasst und in einer Beziehung zur Antriebseinrichtung (2) und zur Lage des Stößels (1.1) ausgewertet werden,
• wonach für den Betrieb
  • ∘ eine Schrägstellung des Stößels (1.1) zugelassen oder
  • ∘ einer Schrägstellung des Stößels (1.1) entgegengewirkt oder
  • ∘ eine Schrägstellung des Stößels (1.1) eingesteuert
  wird, gekennzeichnet durch
  dass mindestens ein erstes Mittel für die Aufnahme von Daten eines Weges oder des Hubes betreffend die Lage des Stößels, und mindestens ein zweites Mittel für die Verarbeitung von Daten zu mindestens einem der Zustände oder eine der Funktionen wie,
  • der Lage des Stößels,
  • des Kraftflusses der beteiligten Teile,
  • zur gezielten Schrägstellung des Stößels und mindestens ein drittes Mittel für die Aufnahme von Daten des Kraftflusses der beteiligten Teile, wobei eine die Daten des ersten, zweiten und dritten Mittels verarbeitende Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung für mindestens eines der Steuersignale
  • Schrägstellung des Stößels zulassen oder
  • Schrägstellung des Stößels entgegenwirken oder
  • Schrägstellung des Stößels einsteuern
  zum Betrieb des Stößels.

The first solution variant according to the invention also uses according to claim 1, the data of this different expansion or springing or movement of the components and the press in the power flow of the press for the operation of a plunger

• wherein the press has at least one, connected to at least one drive train, a force generating drive means, at least one hub exporting and force transmitting, at least one tool top receiving ram, and at least one of the ram and the corresponding tool top associated tool lower part, which parts of Press the power flow from the drive device to the tool top,
• wherein a workpiece or material is machined or deformed between the upper part of the tool and the lower part of the tool, and the ram is moved onto the lower part of the tool with an upper and a lower dead point in at least one reversing individual stroke or strokes passing through the upper dead center,

such that

• the data of differing loads of the total force flow or all parts involved in the power flow occurring due to eccentric forces, which forces cause expansion or springing or movement of the parts involved according to Hooke's Law, detected and in relation to the drive means (2) and the position the ram (1.1) are evaluated,
• after that for the operation
  • ∘ an inclination of the plunger (1.1) allowed or
  • Counteracted an inclination of the plunger (1.1) or
  • ∘ an inclination of the plunger (1.1) is controlled
  is characterized by
  in that at least a first means for the recording of data of a path or the stroke concerning the position of the plunger, and at least a second means for processing data to at least one of the states or one of the functions such as
  • the position of the plunger,
  • the power flow of the involved parts,
  • for the specific inclination of the plunger and at least a third means for receiving data of the power flow of the parts involved, wherein a data processing of the first, second and third means control and regulating device for at least one of the control signals
  • Allow tilting of the ram or
  • Counteract tilting of the plunger or
  • Steer tilt of the ram
  for operation of the ram.

Just opposite the DE 196 42 587 A1 is advantageously achieved that generic presses can be operated via two drive units. This makes it possible to influence the synchronous behavior of the ram via controls and controls of the drives. In this case, data from both drives can be recorded in order to Derive decision criteria for the control process, taking into account all parts or drives involved in the power flow.

• wobei die Presse mindestens eine, in einem Unterbau, angeordnete und mit mindestens über einen Antriebsstrang verbundene, eine Kraft erzeugende Antriebseinrichtung, mindestens den einen Hub ausführenden und die Kraft übertragenden, mindestens ein Werkzeugoberteil aufnehmenden Stößel, mindestens ein mittels einer Zugverbindung oder Druckverbindung an dem Stößel angreifendes Zugelement oder Druckelement zur Übertragung des Antriebs für den Hub des Stößels und mindestens ein dem Stößel und dem korrespondierenden Werkzeugoberteil zugeordnetes Werkzeugunterteil aufweist, welche Teile der Presse den Kraftfluß von der Antriebseinrichtung zum Werkzeugoberteil herstellen,
• wobei zwischen Werkzeugoberteil und Werkzeugunterteil und ein Werkstück oder Material bearbeitet oder verformt wird und der Stößel mit dem Werkzeugoberteil zwischen einem oberen und einem unteren Totpunkt in mindestens einem reversierenden einzelnen Hub oder den unteren Totpunkt und den oberen Totpunkt durchlaufenden Hüben auf das Werkzeugunterteil aufsetzend gefahren wird,

derart, dass

• die Zugverbindung mit dem Zugelement oder die Druckverbindung mit dem Druckelement am Stößel in einem eine Schrägstellung des Stößels zulassenden Zug-/Druckpunkt gelagert ist,
• Daten des dort wirkenden Kraftflusses einer Aufdehnung oder Auffederung oder Bewegung im Bereich des Zug-/Druckpunktes oder des Zugelementes oder des Druckelementes erfasst und in einer Beziehung zur Antriebseinrichtung und zur Lage des Stößels ausgewertet werden,
• wonach für den Betrieb
  • ∘ eine Schrägstellung des Stößels zugelassen oder
  • ∘ einer Schrägstellung des Stößels entgegengewirkt oder
  • ∘ eine Schrägstellung des Stößels eingesteuert
  wird, gekennzeichnet durch dass mindestens ein erstes Mittel für die Aufnahme von Daten eines Weges oder des Hubes betreffend die Lage des Stößels, und mindestens ein zweites Mittel für die Verarbeitung von Daten zu mindestens einem der Zustände oder eine der Funktionen wie, -der Lage des Stößels, -des Kraftflusses der beteiligten Teile, -zur gezielten Schrägstellung des Stößels und mindestens ein drittes Mittel für die Aufnahme von Daten des Kraftflusses der beteiligten Teile, wobei eine die Daten des ersten, zweiten und dritten Mittels verarbeitende Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung für mindestens eines der Steuersignale -Schrägstellung des Stößels zulassen oder -Schrägstellung des Stößels entgegenwirken oder -Schrägstellung des Stößels einsteuern zum Betrieb des Stößels.

According to claim 2, the second variant of the solution uses said data of the force flow of a press for the operation of a plunger,

• wherein the press at least one, in a substructure, arranged and connected to at least one drive train, a force-generating drive means, at least one Hub exporting and force transmitting, at least one tool upper receiving ram, at least one by means of a train connection or pressure connection to the plunger engaging tension member or pressure member for transmitting the drive for the stroke of the plunger and at least one of the plunger and the corresponding upper tool part associated tool lower part, which parts of the press produce the power flow from the drive means to the upper tool,
• being machined or deformed between the upper part of the tool and the lower part of the tool and a workpiece or material, and the ram being moved onto the lower part of the tool with an upper and a lower dead point in at least one reversing individual stroke or strokes passing through the upper dead center,

such that

• the tension connection with the tension element or the pressure connection with the pressure element on the plunger is mounted in a tension / pressure point which permits an inclined position of the plunger,
• Data of the force flow acting there an expansion or rebound or movement in the region of the tensile / pressure point or the tension element or the pressure element is detected and evaluated in a relationship to the drive device and the position of the plunger,
• after that for the operation
  • ∘ allowed an inclination of the plunger or
  • Counteracted an inclination of the plunger or
  • ∘ an inclination of the plunger is controlled
  characterized in that at least a first means for recording data of a path or the stroke concerning the position of the plunger, and at least a second means for processing data to at least one of the states or one of the functions such as, the location of Tappet, the power flow of the parts involved, for targeted tilting of the plunger and at least a third means for receiving data of the power flow of the parts involved, wherein the data of the first, second and third means processing control and regulating device for at least one allow the control signals -Schrägstellung the plunger or counteract -Sschrägstellung the plunger or -Schrägstellung the plunger einsteuern to operate the plunger.

According to claim 3, the formation of the tension element as a tie rod or pull spindle and according to claim 4, the formation of the pressure element as a connecting rod or spindle or piston / cylinder unit.

According to claim 5 is useful for the second variant in Zug- / pressure point, one dome-shaped corresponding, each having a convex spherical segment support and a concave spherical segment support, a hinged variable mounting of the tension element or pressure element permitting arrangement of the train connection or the pressure connection is used, movements are absorbed by the ball segment pads.

Alternatively, according to claim 6 in Zug- / pressure point a changeable position due to allowable elasticities of the tension element or pressure element permitting releasable or permanent or permanent formation of the train connection or the pressure connection can be used, in which case compensating / movements absorbed elastically by the tension element or pressure element become .

According to claim 7, the data are evaluated in a relationship according to the Hooke's function F = D x Δ, where F denotes the force, D a spring constant and Δ1 the propagation or rebound.

For receiving the data of an expansion or rebound or movement underlying parts according to claim 8 at least one arranged in at least part of the press, force or motion detecting element is provided, which preferably in the force or motion sensitive areas of expansion or rebound or articular variable mounting of the tension element or pressure element attached and as a piezoelectric element, strain gauges o.ä. acting element is executed.

According to claim 9
there is an inclusion of at least one of the first means or the second means or the third means for a controlled process flow, wherein a relationship between the forming forces applied to the second means or the third means and the data obtained with the first means or the second means the position of the ram is made.

According to claim 10, the data determined by the second means or third means and the data of the data determined by the first means of the position of the plunger can be so controlled / regulated in process operation as the desired force curve / force balance adjusts.

As a guide, the determined data of the position of the plunger can also be specified according to claim 11, after which the desired force curve / force compensation is set.

The reference variables from the determined data of the force flow of the parts involved or the forming forces and the reference variables from the determined data of the position of the plunger can advantageously be changed according to claim 12 during the process operation.

Finally, it is expedient if, according to claim 13, the data resulting from the respectively changing forces or positions of the plunger during the process are processed by at least one of the first, second and third means.

Overall, the invention establishes a relationship of the respective drive means to the monitored position of the plunger by means of this data, evaluates this relationship and can influence a tilt of the plunger despite different forces and thus different springing of the components deliberately to the effect that an inclined position of the plunger deliberately approved or counteracted the inclination of the plunger or the inclination of the plunger is controlled in the operation.

The invention thus provides both for a targeted or to be admitted as well as for a malfunction resulting from maladjustment of the ram to each of the process useful solution.

Thus, the invention is applicable to both top-drive presses and bottom-press presses, and as "quasi-sensory means" for receiving data from parts involved in the force flow, those parts can be determined which are preferably flow-relevant, component-sensitive areas such as e.g. a pressure or train connection, depending on the upper or lower drive, lie with the plunger.

• einen Wegeverlauf oder eine Position aus dem Hub des Stößels,
• einen Ist-Wert einer Kraft oder einen kraftäquivalenten Wert in mindestens einem der Antriebselemente der Antriebseinrichtung,
• Werte einer Leistungsaufnahme, eines Drehmoments, eines Stromes, einer Drehzahl oder eines Drehwinkels mindestens eines Antriebselements wie Motors oder Servomotors,
• einen Ist-Wert einer Leistung oder eines Leistungsanstiegs im System der Presse,

die in einer Steuer-und Regeleinrichtung z.B.

• zur Veränderung einzuregelnder oder einzusteuernder Werte zum Betreiben der Presse,
• zum Überlastschutz, Notbetrieb oder zur Stillsetzung der Presse und/oder
• zum Synchron- oder Asynchronlauf von Antriebselementen der Antriebseinrichtung für den Betrieb der Presse funktional verarbeitet werden.

Preferably, for a press with sub-drive, it is expedient to provide each other in the Zug- / pressure point dome-shaped corresponding, each having a convex spherical segment support and a concave spherical segment support arrangement of the train connection. However, these in the Zug- / pressure point each other dome-shaped corresponding, each having a convex spherical segment support and a concave spherical segment support arrangement can also be used for a press with top drive as a pressure connection. In the realization of this invention determining structure can, for example, from a generic press with sub-drive to the WO2012041313 which already uses data for a power-optimizing process operation. So far, however, these data only concern

• a course of travel or a position from the stroke of the plunger,
• an actual value of a force or a force-equivalent value in at least one of the drive elements of the drive device,
• Values of a power consumption, a torque, a current, a rotational speed or a rotational angle of at least one drive element such as motor or servomotor,
• an actual value of a performance or an increase in performance in the system of the press,

in a control and regulating device eg

• for changing the values to be regulated or controlled for the operation of the press,
• for overload protection, emergency operation or to shut down the press and / or
• for synchronous or asynchronous operation of drive elements of the drive device for the operation of the press are processed functionally.

In this prepared system, the present invention according to the features of claim 1 or claim 2 and the features dependent thereon can be classified with marginal effort such that it is technologically easy to implement.

In the case of the use of the invention according to the features of claim 2, the region of the tie rod connection with the plunger, that is used as "quasi-sensory means" tensile / pressure point for the data to be detected with strain gauges or piezo elements.

In this regard, the design according to the invention, namely the control and regulating device which safeguards the mechanical construction of the press and the adjustment of asymmetrical pressing forces and also processes the data of the first, second and third means, is likewise in an existing system designed as already proposed integrated.

Thus, a controlled or regulated process flow in eg forming with the inclusion of at least the first agent or the second agent or the third agent can be adjusted. In this case, a relationship is established between the forming forces occurring with the data processed with the second means or the third means and the position of the plunger determined with the first means or the second means.

Bearing in mind the above problem and the problem to be solved can be introduced with the teachings of the invention also targeted asymmetric pressing forces and Ziehkissenkräfte on the example in a press with sub-drive in four pressure points not rigidly connected to the plunger tie rods, for which also the movable in each case a dome possible storage and definable inclination of the plunger is used.

Generally, with the invention in generic presses, regardless of whether upper or lower drive, after placing the upper die on a e.g. Workpiece holder of e.g. Drawing cushion or after placing the plunger on the tool base the resulting different forces from the inclination corresponding to the rotation angle of the eccentric and the spring constant, so following the Hooke's Law, better in the press of the machine set.

Especially in one example after the WO2012041313 exported press with sub-drive act at the drawbar connections used there both pressure points and according to a kinematic reversal Zugpunkte, which is why this area of the drawbar connections in the sense addressed here by the term "pull / pressure point" is called. Because according to the invention, the force occurring there has different causes, namely the one caused by malfunction of the press or a specifically controlled oblique or oblique position of the plunger. For both causes can be for the invention, a uniform acting advantage in terms of elements, such as leadership, ram adjustment and overload protection reasons: Since at a pressure point of the force attack of a eg overlying connecting rod (as in a press with top drive) can be done and the pressing force on For example, a transverse pin in a threaded spindle, which is part of a pressure point is initiated, the length of said threaded spindle would be decisive for a possible ram adjustment. From this geometric conditional arrangement would be a mandatory consequence that the length of the spindles and thus the size of the ram adjustment would have to adversely affect the height of the press. On the other hand, with the application of a pull point in the combination pressure point of this disadvantage, not to include the spindle length in the overall height of the entire machine, excluded in the inventive use from the outset and In addition, for example, the selectively controlled oblique or inclined positions of the plunger are influenced almost indefinitely.

In this respect, the invention provides a further effect which, in addition to the interaction of the forming forces such as the die cushion forces, also has an advantageous effect on the overall structural complexity of generic presses and in particular on an optimizing design of the hydraulic components when using a die cushion.

Consequently, the principle according to the invention can also be integrated or retrofitted with little effort into an inherent control and regulation of the drives involved.

The invention will be explained below in an embodiment, preferably in a press with sub-drive with reference to the drawings.

Brief description of the drawings

• Fig. 1 die vereinfachte Darstellung der Presse 1 mit Unterantrieb und Zugstangenverbindung 2.4.1 und schematischem Prinzip des Betriebs mittels Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 4 sowie den Mitteln 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 und
• Fig. 2 Einzelheiten der Zugstangenverbindung 2.4.1 mit den konvexen Kugelsegmentauflagen 2.4.2 und konkaven Kugelsegmentauflagen 2.4.3, in denen jede Zugstange 2.1.2 am Stößel 1.1 in einem Druckpunkt 2.4 gelagert ist.

In the drawings show

• Fig. 1 the simplified representation of the press 1 with sub-drive and tie rod 2.4.1 and schematic principle of operation by means of control and regulating device 4 and the means 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and
• Fig. 2 Details of the drawbar connection 2.4.1 with the convex spherical segment supports 2.4.2 and concave spherical segment supports 2.4.3, in which each pull rod 2.1.2 is mounted on the plunger 1.1 at a pressure point 2.4.

Best way to carry out the invention

Fig. 1 shows a press 1 with sub-drive, arranged in a substructure 3 drive means 2 eccentric drive elements 2.1, motors or servomotors 2.2 Drawbar 2.3 and connecting rod 2.5 includes. A stroke h between a non-designated top dead center and a non-designated bottom dead center exporting plunger 1.1 has a tool shell 1.2. Two pairs of drawbars 2.3 and Zugpleuel 2.5 as components of a drive train 2.6 engage the plunger 1.1 each in the region of a tensile / pressure point 2.4 for transmitting the drive for the stroke h of the plunger 1.1. The plunger 1.1 with the upper tool part 1.2 corresponds to a arranged on the base 3 lower tool part 3.2, wherein the upper tool part 1.2 acts on a lying on the lower tool part 3.2 workpiece 5 for shaping. The lower tool part 3.2 is arranged on a belonging to the base 3 table 3.1.

For the operation of the press 1, a control and regulating device 4 is provided whose function corresponds to that in the document WO2012041313 already described system can be designed. About the tie rods 3 and Zugpleuel 2.5 are differentiated acting on the workpiece 5 to be formed between the tool upper part 1.2 and workpiece 5 forces acting so that the press 1 permanently after a force required exclusively for the workpiece 5 force system, but still without the invention disclosed use of a train 2.4.1, can be operated. The press 1 operating according to that system takes into account control processes which, on the one hand, can be used for the new inventive approach according to the features disclosed in the claims and, on the other hand, go beyond their effectiveness.

This solution already proposed in terms of control technology and the function and design which are designed in a complex manner, on the one hand supports the force which actually takes effect from the respective position of the respective drive train 2.6 or e.g. to produce an eccentric drive element 2.1 of the drive device 2 and on the other hand to use the data in accordance with the Hooke's law according to the invention.

On the basis of this so-designed press 1, the invention now goes beyond and solves the problem initially described and the task in oblique or oblique positions of the plunger, ie at a deviation of the position of the plunger 1.1 of a normal parallel operation according to the following new example.

The deformations occurring in the construction system of the press 1 as a result of the asymmetrically occurring forces, in interaction with the forming forces involved, an angle of rotation and a spring constant or at least one of these dimensions of at least one machine element of the press 1, is related to its structural rigidity or eccentric element Drive unit 2 encountered force balance due to counteracting, restoring forces (Hooke's Law) initiated.

For this purpose, the tension on the tappet 1.1 in the one between tappet 1.1 and pull rod 2.3 changeable position permitting tensile / pressure point 2.4 unstably mounted train 2.4.1 is used, i. that this area is used as a "quasi-sensory remedy" and surprisingly expanded functionally.

Alternatively, it is also possible to choose a rigid arrangement of the train connection 2.4.1 on the basis of permissible elasticities.

In a particular case of either caused by a malfunction of the press 1 or a selectively controlled oblique or oblique position of the plunger 1.1 is supported by male or einzgebender data in the region of the tensile / pressure point 2.4, the force balance, optimized or completed. The non-rigid tension 2.4.1 superimposed to the tensile / pressure point 2.3.4 in a dome-shaped corresponding, each having a convex spherical segment support 2.3.2 and a concave spherical segment support 2.3.3 having arrangement.

In the event of a caused by a malfunction of the press 1 oblique or oblique position of the plunger 1.1 takes a first means 4.1, the data from this position of the plunger 1.1, which are supported supportive for the balance of forces and effectively protect the construction system of the press 1.

In a targeted to be controlled oblique or oblique position of the plunger 1.1 is a second means 4.2 before the data for this desired position of the plunger 1.1, whereby, for example, after hitting the upper tool 1.2 on the lower tool part 3.2 a resulting unequal movement of the two drive trains 2.6 is continued. The upper tool part 1.2 and the lower tool part 3.2 are now closed in parallel, with the unequal Further movement on the spring stiffness of the press 1 asymmetric as unequal acting forces are generated selectively.

In this example, third means 4.3 provide for the acquisition of force flow data via a force receiving element 2.4.4.

• ∘ Schrägstellung des Stößels zulassen oder
• ∘ Schrägstellung des Stößels entgegenwirken oder
• ∘ Schrägstellung des Stößels einsteuern

vor.The provided for the operation of the press 1 control and regulating device 4 processes the data of the first, second and third means 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 to protect the mechanical structure of the press and the compensation of the asymmetric pressing forces and outputs the control signals, such as

• Zul Allow the tappet to tilt or
• Entgegen Counteract the tilting of the plunger or
• Ein Activate the inclination of the plunger

in front.

Thus, during forming by the first means 4.1 in the event of a malfunction of the press 1 or the second means 4.2 in the case of a selectively controlled oblique or oblique position of the plunger 1.1 respectively on the train / pressure point 2.4 data concerned by the third means 4.3 a Relationship between the forces occurring (forming forces) of the power flow and the position of the plunger 1.1 determined and set.

The data obtained from the respective forming force are then used as reference variables and the position of the tappet 1.1 is guided in such a way that a desired force curve is established. The gentle balancing of the construction system of the press 1 is balanced or completed.

As a guide, data obtained from the position of the tappet 1.1 alone can also be decisive.

In the so determined via the data determined from the "quasi-sensory mean" tension / pressure point 2.4 during the forming process balance of force is also considered that the respective forces or positions of the plunger 1.1 change and the respective, from the force or position of Tappet 1.1 derived reference variables can change.

For the recording of the data in the area of tension / pressure point 2.4 known force-absorbing elements 2.4.4, such as strain gauges or piezoelectric elements or equivalent means can be used, which are selectable by experts.

The training of the first, second and third means 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 is subject to the skill of the art and must not be detailed here.

The inventive principle is equally applicable to a press not discussed here with top drive, in which the power flow from an overhead drive means via a plunger with a tool upper part to a lower tool part via a pressure connection. Again, the ram with the tool upper part between an upper and a lower dead center in at least one reversing individual stroke or the bottom dead center and the top dead center continuous strokes are placed on the lower tool part placing.

• ∘ eine Schrägstellung des Stößels zugelassen oder
• ∘ einer Schrägstellung des Stößels entgegengewirkt oder
• ∘ eine Schrägstellung des Stößels eingesteuert

wird.The use of data of the power flow in that press for the operation of a plunger in an occurring due to off-center forces inclination of the plunger and resulting different loads of the parts involved in the power flow, which also according to Hooke's law, depending on the respective forces of expansion or rebound are detected and evaluated in a relationship to the drive means and position of the plunger, after which for the operation

• ∘ allowed an inclination of the plunger or
• Counteracted an inclination of the plunger or
• ∘ an inclination of the plunger is controlled

becomes.

Here, for the inventive use, the parts involved in the power flow, such as connecting rods or spindles, which act at a pressure point on the plunger and are connected in this with the plunger. In the area of the said pressure point, analogue force-absorbing elements 2.4.4, such as strain gauges or piezoelectric elements or equivalent means, are used to record the force flow data.

Incidentally, analogously to the above embodiment, the features of claims 3 to 15 are used.

Industrial Applicability

• ∘ zulassbare Schrägstellung oder
• ∘ Entgegenwirkung einer Schrägstellung oder
• ∘ eine gezielt eingesteuerte Schrägstellung

des Stößels und unterstützt die Effizienz wirkender Kräfte für einen energiesparenden Betrieb einer jeden gattungsgemäßen Presse.The inventive use of the data of a press can be realized on the one hand in basic systems created without great structural complexity and on the other hand guarantees a

• ∘ allowable inclination or
• ∘ counteracting an inclination or
• ∘ a deliberately controlled inclination

the plunger and supports the efficiency of forces acting for energy-saving operation of each generic press.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

= Press

1.1

= Plunger

1.2

= Tool shell

2

= Drive device

2.1

= eccentric drive element

2.2

= Motor or servomotor

2.3

= Tension element, drawbar, traction spindle (lower drive), pressure element, spindle, piston / cylinder unit (upper drive)

2.4

= Pull / push point

• 2.4.1 = train connection (lower drive), pressure connection (upper drive)
• 2.4.2 = convex spherical segment support
• 2.4.3 = concave spherical segment support
• 2.4.4 = force / wegeaufnehmendes element

2.5

= Zugpleuel

2.6

= Powertrain

3

= Substructure

3.1

= Table

3.2

= Lower tool part

4

= Control and regulating device

4.1

= first means for recording data from the position of the plunger (1.1)

4.2

= second means for receiving data

4.3

= third means for recording power flow data

5

= Workpiece

H

= Stroke

Claims (13)

1. A use of data of a force flow in a press (1) for operating a plunger (1.1),

   - wherein the press (1) comprises at least one drive device (2) generating a force and connected by way of at least one drive train (2.6), at least the plunger (1.1) performing the stroke (h) and transferring the force and comprising at least one upper tool part (1.2), and at least one bottom tool part (3.2) associated with the plunger (1.1) and with the corresponding upper tool part (1.2), said parts of the press (1) creating the force flow from the drive device (2) to the upper tool part (1.2),

   - wherein a work piece (5) or material is processed or formed between the upper tool part (1.2) and bottom tool part (3.2) and the plunger (1.1) with the upper tool part (1.2) is displaced between an upper and a bottom dead center in at least one single reciprocating stroke (h) or in strokes (h) passing through the bottom dead center and the top dead center, so as to hit the bottom tool part (3.2),

   wherein

   - the data regarding the various loads exerted on the parts implicated in the force flow, which occur as a result of eccentric forces, which cause an extension or deflection or movement of the implicated parts in accordance with Hooke's law, is recorded and processed in relation with the drive device (2) and the position of the plunger (1.1), as a result of which,

   - an inclination of the plunger (1.1) is allowed or

   - an inclination of the plunger (1.1) is counteracted or

   - an inclination of the plunger (1.1) is triggered

   for operation,
   characterized by

   - at least one first means (4.1) for acquiring data of a path or the stroke (h) regarding the position of the plunger (1.1),

   - at least one second means (4.2) for processing data regarding at least one of the states or one of the functions

   - of the position of the plunger (1.1),

   - of the force flow of the implicated parts,

   - for a targeted inclination of the plunger (1.1),

   - at least one third means (4.3) for acquiring data regarding the force flow of the implicated parts,

   wherein an open- and closed-loop control device (4) processing the data of the first, second and third means (4.1, 4.2, 4.3)

   - allows the inclination of the plunger (1.1) or

   - counteracts the inclination of the plunger (1.1) or

   - triggers the inclination of the plunger (1.1)

   through at least one control signal for operating the plunger (1.1).
2. A use of data of the force flow of a press (1) for operating a plunger (1.1),

   - wherein the press (1) comprises at least one drive device (2) disposed in a base (3), connected by way of at least one drive train (2.6), and generating a force, at least the plunger (1.1) performing the stroke (h) and transferring the force and comprising at least one upper tool part (1.2), at least one tensile element (2.3) or pressure element acting on the plunger (1.1) by means of a tensile connection (2.4.1) or a pressure connection for transmitting the drive for the stroke (h) of the plunger (1.1), and at least one bottom tool part (3.2) assigned to the plunger (1.1) and to the corresponding upper tool part (1.2), said parts of the press (1) creating the force flow from the drive device (2) to the upper tool part (1.2),

   - wherein a work piece (5) or material is processed or formed between the upper tool part (1.2) and bottom tool part (3.2) and the plunger (1.1) with the upper tool part (1.2) is displaced between an upper and a bottom dead center in at least one single reciprocating stroke (h) or in strokes (h) passing through the bottom dead center and the top dead center, so as to hit the bottom tool part (3.2),

   wherein

   - the tensile connection (2.4.1) with the tensile element (2.3) or the pressure connection with the pressure element is mounted on the plunger (1.1) in a tension/pressure point (2.4) allowing for an inclination of the plunger,

   - the data regarding the force flow acting in that point in terms of an extension or a deflection or a movement in the area of the tension/pressure point (2.4) or of the tensile element (2.3) or of the pressure elements is recorded and processed in relation with the drive device (2) and the position of the plunger (1.1), as a result of which,

   - an inclination of the plunger (1.1) is allowed or

   - an inclination of the plunger (1.1) is counteracted or

   - an inclination of the plunger (1.1) is triggered

   for operation,
   characterized by

   - at least one first means (4.1) for acquiring data of a path or of the stroke (h) regarding the position of the plunger (1.1),

   - at least one second means (4.2) for processing data regarding at least one of the states or one of the functions

   - of the position of the plunger (1.1),

   - of the force flow of the implicated parts,

   - for a targeted inclination of the plunger (1.1),

   - at least one third means (4.3) for acquiring data regarding the force flow of the implicated parts,

   - an open- and closed-loop control device (4) processing the data of the first, second and third means (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) that

   - allows the inclination of the plunger (1.1) or

   - counteracts the inclination of the plunger (1.1) or

   - triggers the inclination of the plunger (1.1)

   through at least one control signal for operating the plunger (1.1).
3. The use according to claim 2, characterized by the tensile element (2.3) being designed as a pull rod or feed rod.
4. The use according to claim 2, characterized by the pressure element being designed as a connecting rod or a spindle or a piston/cylinder unit.
5. The use according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterized by an arrangement of the tensile connection (2.4.1) or of the pressure connection at the tension/pressure point (2.3.4), comprising respectively one convex ball segment support (2.3.2) and one concave ball segment support (2.3.3), which match in the manner of a dome, and allowing for an articulately changeable bearing of the tensile element (2.3) or the pressure element.
6. The use according to one of the claims 2 to 4, characterized by a detachable or non-detachable or rigid configuration of the tensile connection (2.4.1) or of the pressure connection at the tension/pressure point (2.3.4) allowing for a changeable position as a result of a permissible elasticity of the tensile element (2.3) or of the pressure element.
7. The use according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized by the data being processed according to a relation according to Hooke's function F = D x Δ.
8. The use according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized by at least one force or motion capturing element (2.4.4) disposed in at least one part of the press (1).
9. The use according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized by the involvement at least of the first means (4.1) or the second means (4.2) or the third means (4.3) in an open-loop or closed-loop controlled process sequence, wherein a relation is established between the data regarding occurring forming forces processed by the second means (4.2) or third means (4.3) and the data regarding the position of the plunger (1.1) detected by the first means (4.1) or the second means (4.2).
10. The use according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, during operation, the data determined by the second means (4.2) or third means (4.3) and the data determined by the first means (4.1) regarding the position of the plunger (1.1) are closed-loop/open-loop controlled as command variables in such a manner that the desired sequence of forces/balance of forces is obtained.
11. The use according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, during operation, the determined data regarding the position of the plunger (1.1) are given as command variables, and the desired sequence of forces/balance of forces is set according to said command variables.
12. The use according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, the command variables from the determined data regarding the force flow of the involved parts or the forming forces and the command variables from the determined data regarding the position of the plunger (1.1) are switched during the operation.
13. The use according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, the data resulting from the forces or positions of the plunger 1.1, which respectively change during the process, are processed by at least one of the first, second and third means (4.1, 4.2, 4.3).

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