EP2489808B1 - Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete elements supported by supporting elements - Google Patents

Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete elements supported by supporting elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2489808B1
EP2489808B1 EP11154442.5A EP11154442A EP2489808B1 EP 2489808 B1 EP2489808 B1 EP 2489808B1 EP 11154442 A EP11154442 A EP 11154442A EP 2489808 B1 EP2489808 B1 EP 2489808B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
concrete element
elements
support
recesses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP11154442.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2489808A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Keller
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FJ Aschwanden AG
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FJ Aschwanden AG
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Publication date
Priority to ES11154442.5T priority Critical patent/ES2437926T3/en
Application filed by FJ Aschwanden AG filed Critical FJ Aschwanden AG
Priority to PL11154442T priority patent/PL2489808T3/en
Priority to PT111544425T priority patent/PT2489808E/en
Priority to DK11154442.5T priority patent/DK2489808T3/en
Priority to SI201130084T priority patent/SI2489808T1/en
Priority to EP11154442.5A priority patent/EP2489808B1/en
Priority to US13/364,377 priority patent/US8516757B2/en
Priority to JP2012023972A priority patent/JP2012167537A/en
Priority to CN2012100295668A priority patent/CN102635203A/en
Priority to AU2012200771A priority patent/AU2012200771A1/en
Publication of EP2489808A1 publication Critical patent/EP2489808A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2489808B1 publication Critical patent/EP2489808B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/43—Floor structures of extraordinary design; Features relating to the elastic stability; Floor structures specially designed for resting on columns only, e.g. mushroom floors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0645—Shear reinforcements, e.g. shearheads for floor slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a concrete element, which is supported by supporting elements, with reinforcing elements for receiving forces acting on this concrete element, which reinforcing elements each consist of a longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element, which is inserted into recesses in the concrete element, which recesses arranged in such a way are that the reinforcing element extends in the region of the support member in the region facing away from the support element of the concrete element and each extends at an acute angle ⁇ against the support member facing surface of the concrete element and exits the concrete element and that the end portions of the reinforcing element are anchored.
  • holes can be mounted in the areas to be reinforced of the concrete plate, which are arranged obliquely and in which tie rods can be inserted.
  • the over the concrete plate on both sides protruding ends are equipped with anchor heads, which are supported on the respective surface of the concrete slab.
  • the anchor heads can be designed so that the tension element of the tie rod can be stretched, the hole can be filled with a mortar-like mass.
  • a concrete element according to the preamble of claim 1 is also known to use as a reinforcing element a longitudinally stable flexible band of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which is arranged in correspondingly mounted in the concrete element holes, the two ends of this band facing on the support Surface of the concrete element are protruding and are held in anchorages.
  • This band can be tensioned by attached to the anchors tensioners, the holes can are then poured out, whereby a very good reinforcement of the concrete element is achieved in the area of the support.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide an improved reinforcement element for the absorption of forces in concrete elements, which are supported by support elements, which serves to accommodate large loads and which is easy to assemble.
  • both end portions of the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal element are deflected about the respective exit edge of the recesses of the concrete element and are arranged converging and the ends of the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal element held in a clamping device and are mutually braced, so that the reinforcing element forms a closed loop.
  • the reinforcing element is inserted into the concrete element such that it is arranged laterally next to the support element.
  • the reinforcement element forming a closed loop comes to lie in a plane.
  • the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal element has the form of a band whose width is a multiple of the thickness, whereby an optimal deflection is achieved.
  • the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal member is formed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, in addition to the inclusion of large clamping forces is thereby obtained a simple operation.
  • the angle ⁇ is advantageously in the range of 20 ° to 50 °.
  • a particularly simple embodiment of the invention is achieved by the clamping device is designed as a turnbuckle and the two ends of the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal element formed as a loop and held in the turnbuckle.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that deflecting elements are mounted in the region of the outlet edges of the recesses over which the respective band is deflected guided, and thereby no edges.
  • the deflecting element advantageously has supporting surfaces which are supported on the respective surface of the end region of the recess and / or the surface of the concrete element.
  • the deflecting element is attached to an end portion of a strut, whose other end portion is supported on the support member.
  • the strut in the form of a plate and a plurality of deflectors are attached to a plate, which simplifies the structure.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the recesses mounted in the concrete element, through which the reinforcing element is guided, poured out by a pourable mass are, which can be avoided, for example, that can penetrate into the recesses water or the like.
  • a concrete element 1 can be seen, which has the shape of a concrete slab, which is supported by a support member 2.
  • reinforcing elements 3 are inserted into the concrete element.
  • Each of these reinforcing elements 3 consists of a longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal member 4, which has the shape of a band 5, the width of which is in a known manner a multiple of the thickness and in a known manner consists of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
  • tapes made of other suitable materials can be used.
  • these longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal elements 4 in the concrete element 1 6 are mounted in this recesses.
  • a band 5 is inserted, these recesses 6 are each arranged so that the band 5 extends in the area facing away from the support member 2 area 7 of the concrete element 1 and the end portions 8 of the band 5 each at an acute angle ⁇ against the Support element 2 facing surface 9 of the concrete element 1 run, and emerge from the concrete element 1.
  • the two end portions 8 of the band 5 are deflected about the respective exit edges 10 of the recesses 6 of the concrete element 1.
  • the band 5 can also be inserted into the recesses 6 such that it extends in the region of the concrete element 1 facing the support element 2 and the two end regions 8 of the band 5 thus emerge from the concrete element 1 on the surface facing away from the support element 2, around the exit edges 10a are deflected and converging.
  • the ends 11 of the band 5 are held in a clamping device 12 and clamped against each other.
  • the reinforcing element 3 formed by the band 5 thus likewise forms a closed loop.
  • Fig. 2 is removable, as in the region of a support member 2 for supporting a concrete element 1, a plurality of reinforcing elements 3 can be arranged.
  • the recesses 6 in the concrete element 1 are arranged in this embodiment so that in each case a closed loop forming reinforcing elements 3 extend laterally next to the support member 2, so that these closed loop of the reinforcing element 3 lie in a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the concrete element 1 , Im in Fig.
  • the support member 2 has a cuboid cross section, in an advantageous manner, the reinforcing elements 3 are aligned parallel to the respective surface of the cuboid of this support element 2, so that in each case two reinforcing elements 3 are aligned parallel to each other.
  • the end areas 8 projecting beyond the concrete element 1 are guided in the region of the outlet edge 10 around deflecting elements 13, which will be described in detail later, with which stress peaks in the region of the outlet edges 10 are avoided.
  • the ends 11 of the reinforcing elements 3 are held in a clamping device 12, which will be described later in detail, with which these ends 11 are braced against each other.
  • Fig. 3 the course of the reinforcing elements 3 can be seen, as in Fig. 2 are shown in the inserted state in the concrete element 1, wherein in Fig. 3 the concrete element 1 and the support element 2 are not shown. It can be seen how the reinforcing elements 3 each lie in a plane, as they form a closed loop, in which the ends 11 are held in the respective clamping device 12 and braced against each other. Also visible are the deflecting elements 13, which are provided in the respective lower deflecting points of the reinforcing element 3.
  • corresponding deflection elements can be attached to the respective upper deflection points of the reinforcing element.
  • the inside end region 16 is supported here on the support element 2, the outer side end portions 17 of this plate 15 are formed as deflection or can be provided with corresponding deflecting elements 13 around which the emerging from the concrete element 1 end portions 8 of the reinforcing element 3 are deflected.
  • This bridge element comprises a plate 18 on which a roadway can be arranged, as well as a box-shaped bridge longitudinal member 19.
  • This longitudinal member 19 is box-shaped and has a cavity. In this cavity are spaced from each other cross member 20 is inserted.
  • the respective reinforcing elements 3 can be attached, these run laterally of the cross member 20, the end portions 8 are passed through recesses 6 mounted on the longitudinal member 19 and emerge from the side member 19, are deflected over deflecting elements 21 and run towards each other , Are held in a clamping device 12 and braced against each other.
  • anchor rods 22 are used, around which the reinforcing element 3 in the plate 18 facing portion of the cross member 20 are guided.
  • Fig. 8 again shows the view of the course of the reinforcing elements 3 in the bridge element, as shown in the 6 and 7 is shown, wherein the corresponding elements are not shown.
  • the anchor rods 22 can be seen, around which the upper part of the reinforcing elements 3 is guided, as well as the deflection elements 21, which are additionally equipped with an angular part 23 which can be supported in an optimal manner in the corresponding corner regions of the longitudinal member 19.
  • Fig. 9 shows one of the aforementioned deflection elements 13 in detail.
  • This deflecting element 13 consists of a plate 24 to which an angularly arranged guide member 25 is attached.
  • This guide member 25 has a recess 26, in which the band 5 of the reinforcing element 3 is inserted and guided.
  • the recess 26 merges into an arc 27 which opens into the underside surface 28 of the plate 24.
  • the upper-side surface 29 of the plate forms the support surface with which the deflecting element 13 is located on the surface 9 facing the support element ( Fig. 1 ) of the concrete element 1 is supported.
  • the belt 5 facing away from the surface of the guide member 25 forms the support surface 30, with which the deflecting element 13 at the respective surface of the end portion of the corresponding recesses 6 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) is supported.
  • the clamping device 12 is formed as a turnbuckle 31, which consists essentially of two bolts 32 and 33 which are braced against each other via two screws 34 and 35 substantially parallel.
  • the two ends 11 of the band 5 of the reinforcing element 3 are each formed as a loop 36, in which the corresponding bolt 32 and 33 is inserted.
  • the screws 34 and 35 of the turnbuckle 31 can be equipped with hydraulic elements 37, with which in a known manner the clamping force can be applied hydraulically.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Betonelement, das durch Stützelemente abgestützt ist, mit Bewehrungselementen für die Aufnahme von auf dieses Betonelement wirkenden Kräfte, welche Bewehrungselemente jeweils aus einem längsstabilen, flexiblen Längselement bestehen, welches in Ausnehmungen im Betonelement eingesetzt ist, welche Ausnehmungen derart angeordnet sind, dass das Bewehrungselement im Bereich des Stützelements im vom Stützelement abgewandten Bereich des Betonelementes verläuft und jeweils unter einem spitzen Winkel α gegen die dem Stützelement zugewandte Oberfläche des Betonelementes verläuft und aus dem Betonelement austritt und dass die Endbereiche des Bewehrungselements verankert sind.The present invention relates to a concrete element, which is supported by supporting elements, with reinforcing elements for receiving forces acting on this concrete element, which reinforcing elements each consist of a longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element, which is inserted into recesses in the concrete element, which recesses arranged in such a way are that the reinforcing element extends in the region of the support member in the region facing away from the support element of the concrete element and each extends at an acute angle α against the support member facing surface of the concrete element and exits the concrete element and that the end portions of the reinforcing element are anchored.

Es ist oftmals erforderlich, dass bei bestehenden Bauwerken Verstärkungen angebracht werden müssen, insbesondere bei Betonelementen, die durch Stützelemente abgestützt sind, um die auftretenden Kräfte besser aufnehmen zu können. Hierzu gibt es verschiedenste Möglichkeiten, beispielsweise können in den zu verstärkenden Bereichen der betonierten Platte Bohrungen angebracht werden, die schräg angeordnet sind und in welche Zuganker eingelegt werden können. Die über die betonierte Platte beidseits vorstehenden Enden werden mit Ankerköpfen ausgestattet, die auf der jeweiligen Oberfläche der betonierten Platte abgestützt sind. Die Ankerköpfe können so ausgestaltet sein, dass das Zugelement des Zugankers gespannt werden kann, die Bohrung kann mit einer mörtelartigen Masse ausgefüllt werden.It is often necessary that in existing structures reinforcements must be installed, especially in concrete elements, which are supported by support elements in order to absorb the forces occurring better. For this purpose, there are a variety of ways, for example, holes can be mounted in the areas to be reinforced of the concrete plate, which are arranged obliquely and in which tie rods can be inserted. The over the concrete plate on both sides protruding ends are equipped with anchor heads, which are supported on the respective surface of the concrete slab. The anchor heads can be designed so that the tension element of the tie rod can be stretched, the hole can be filled with a mortar-like mass.

Aus der EP A 2232686 , welche ein Betonelement gemäβ des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 offenbart, ist auch bekannt, als Bewehrungselement ein längsstabiles flexibles Band aus einem kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoff zu verwenden, das in entsprechend im Betonelement angebrachten Bohrungen angeordnet ist, wobei die beiden Enden dieses Bandes auf der der Stütze zugewandten Oberfläche des Betonelementes vorstehend sind und in Verankerungen gehalten sind. Dieses Band kann durch an den Verankerungen angebrachten Spannvorrichtungen gespannt werden, die Bohrungen können danach ausgegossen werden, wodurch eine sehr gute Verstärkung des Betonelementes im Bereich der Stütze erreicht wird.From the EP A 2232686 discloses a concrete element according to the preamble of claim 1, is also known to use as a reinforcing element a longitudinally stable flexible band of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which is arranged in correspondingly mounted in the concrete element holes, the two ends of this band facing on the support Surface of the concrete element are protruding and are held in anchorages. This band can be tensioned by attached to the anchors tensioners, the holes can are then poured out, whereby a very good reinforcement of the concrete element is achieved in the area of the support.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht nun darin, ein verbessertes Bewehrungselement für die Aufnahme von Kräften in Betonelementen, die durch Stützelemente abgestützt sind, zu schaffen, welches der Aufnahme von grossen Belastungen dient und welches einfach zu montieren ist.The object of the present invention is now to provide an improved reinforcement element for the absorption of forces in concrete elements, which are supported by support elements, which serves to accommodate large loads and which is easy to assemble.

Erfindungsgemäss erfolgt die Lösung dieser Aufgabe dadurch, dass beide Endbereiche des längsstabilen flexiblen Längselementes um die jeweilige Austrittkante der Ausnehmungen des Betonelementes umgelenkt sind und aufeinander zulaufend angeordnet sind und die Enden des längsstabilen flexiblen Längselementes in einer Spanneinrichtung gehalten und gegeneinander verspannbar sind, so dass das Bewehrungselement eine geschlossene Schlaufe bildet.According to the invention, the solution of this object is achieved in that both end portions of the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal element are deflected about the respective exit edge of the recesses of the concrete element and are arranged converging and the ends of the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal element held in a clamping device and are mutually braced, so that the reinforcing element forms a closed loop.

Mit dieser Ausgestaltung wird erreicht, dass die beiden Enden des in das Betonelement eingelegten längsstabilen flexiblen Längselementes in einfacher Weise in die Spanneinrichtung eingesetzt werden können und dass ein einfaches Spannen des Längselementes erreicht werden kann, wodurch ein optimaler Spannvorgang ausgeführt werden kann. Hierdurch werden auch die entsprechenden Kräfte in optimaler Weise verteilt.With this configuration it is achieved that the two ends of the inserted into the concrete element longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal element can be easily inserted into the clamping device and that a simple clamping of the longitudinal element can be achieved, whereby an optimal clamping operation can be performed. As a result, the corresponding forces are distributed in an optimal manner.

In vorteilhafter Weise ist das Bewehrungselement derart in das Betonelement eingesetzt, dass es seitlich neben dem Stützelement angeordnet ist. Dadurch kommt das eine geschlossene Schlaufe bildende Bewehrungselement in eine Ebene zu liegen.Advantageously, the reinforcing element is inserted into the concrete element such that it is arranged laterally next to the support element. As a result, the reinforcement element forming a closed loop comes to lie in a plane.

In vorteilhafter Weise weist das längsstabile flexible Längselement die Form eines Bandes auf, dessen Breite ein Vielfaches der Dicke ist, wodurch eine optimale Umlenkung erreichbar ist.Advantageously, the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal element has the form of a band whose width is a multiple of the thickness, whereby an optimal deflection is achieved.

In vorteilhafter Weise ist das längsstabile flexible Längselement aus kohlefaserverstärktem Kunststoff gebildet, neben der Aufnahme von grossen Spannkräften wird dadurch auch eine einfache Bedienbarkeit erhalten.Advantageously, the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal member is formed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic, in addition to the inclusion of large clamping forces is thereby obtained a simple operation.

Um eine optimale Aufnahme der auftretenden Kräfte erreichen zu können, liegt der Winkel α in vorteilhafter Weise im Bereich von 20° bis 50°.In order to achieve optimum absorption of the forces that occur, the angle α is advantageously in the range of 20 ° to 50 °.

Eine besonders einfache Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird dadurch erreicht, indem die Spanneinrichtung als Spannschloss ausgebildet ist und die beiden Enden des längsstabilen flexiblen Längselementes als Schlaufe ausgebildet und im Spannschloss gehalten sind.A particularly simple embodiment of the invention is achieved by the clamping device is designed as a turnbuckle and the two ends of the longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal element formed as a loop and held in the turnbuckle.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, dass im Bereich der Austrittkanten der Ausnehmungen Umlenkelemente angebracht sind, über welche das jeweilige Band geführt umgelenkt ist, und dadurch keine Kanten entstehen.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that deflecting elements are mounted in the region of the outlet edges of the recesses over which the respective band is deflected guided, and thereby no edges.

Um die Kräfte im Bereich der Austrittkante des Bewehrungselementes optimal zu übertragen, weist das Umlenkelement in vorteilhafter Weise Abstützflächen auf, die an der jeweiligen Oberfläche des Endbereichs der Ausnehmung und/oder der Oberfläche des Betonelementes abgestützt sind.In order to optimally transmit the forces in the region of the outlet edge of the reinforcing element, the deflecting element advantageously has supporting surfaces which are supported on the respective surface of the end region of the recess and / or the surface of the concrete element.

Um diese Austrittskanten weiter entlasten zu können, ist das Umlenkelement an einem Endbereich einer Strebe befestigt, deren anderer Endbereich sich am Stützelement abstützt.In order to further relieve these exit edges, the deflecting element is attached to an end portion of a strut, whose other end portion is supported on the support member.

In vorteilhafter Weise weist die Strebe die Form einer Platte auf und sind mehrere Umlenkelemente an einer Platte befestigt, was den Aufbau vereinfacht.Advantageously, the strut in the form of a plate and a plurality of deflectors are attached to a plate, which simplifies the structure.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die im Betonelement angebrachten Ausnehmungen, durch welche das Bewehrungselement geführt ist, durch eine giessbare Masse ausgegossen sind, wodurch beispielsweise vermieden werden kann, dass in die Ausnehmungen Wasser oder dergleichen eindringen kann.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the recesses mounted in the concrete element, through which the reinforcing element is guided, poured out by a pourable mass are, which can be avoided, for example, that can penetrate into the recesses water or the like.

Um eine optimale Aufnahme von Kräften in Betonelementen, die durch Stützelemente abgestützt sind, im Bereich dieser Stützelemente erreichen zu können, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn ein System, bestehend aus mehreren derartigen Bewehrungselementen, eingesetzt wird, wobei vorteilhafterweise jeweils zwei Bewehrungselemente parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind und seitlich der Stützen einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind.In order to achieve optimum absorption of forces in concrete elements which are supported by support elements in the region of these support elements, it is advantageous if a system consisting of several such reinforcing elements is used, wherein advantageously two reinforcing elements are aligned parallel to each other and side of the supports are arranged opposite to each other.

Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen beispielhaft näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 ein im Schnitt dargestelltes Betonelement mit eingesetzten Bewehrungselementen im Bereich des Stützelementes;
  • Fig. 2 in räumlicher Darstellung eine Ansicht auf die dem Stützelement zugewandte Oberfläche des Betonelementes mit eingesetzten Bewehrungselementen;
  • Fig. 3 in räumlicher Darstellung die Anordnung der Bewehrungselemente im entsprechenden Betonelement, wobei dieses Betonelement und die Stütze nicht gezeigt sind;
  • Fig. 4 in räumlicher Darstellung eine Ansicht auf die dem Stützelement zugewandte Oberfläche mit eingesetzten Bewehrungselementen mit in Form von Platten angeordneten Streben;
  • Fig. 5 in räumlicher Darstellung die in das nicht dargestellte Betonelement eingesetzten Bewehrungselemente mit plattenförmigen Streben;
  • Fig. 6 eine Schnittdarstellung durch ein als Brückenteil ausgebildetes Betonelement mit eingesetztem Bewehrungselement;
  • Fig. 7 eine Schnittdarstellung entlang Linie VII-VII durch das Brückenelement gemäss Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 in räumlicher Darstellung die in das Brückenelement gemäss Fig. 6 eingesetzten Bewehrungselemente ohne Darstellung des Brückenelementes; und
  • Fig. 9 in räumlicher Darstellung eine Ansicht eines Umlenkelementes und eines Spannschlosses.
It shows
  • Fig. 1 a sectional concrete element with inserted reinforcing elements in the region of the support element;
  • Fig. 2 in a spatial representation of a view of the support element facing surface of the concrete element with inserted reinforcing elements;
  • Fig. 3 in a spatial representation, the arrangement of the reinforcing elements in the corresponding concrete element, said concrete element and the support are not shown;
  • Fig. 4 in a spatial representation of a view of the supporting element facing surface with inserted reinforcing elements arranged in the form of plates struts;
  • Fig. 5 in a spatial representation of the reinforcing elements used in the concrete element, not shown, with plate-shaped struts;
  • Fig. 6 a sectional view through a designed as a bridge part concrete element with inserted reinforcement element;
  • Fig. 7 a sectional view taken along line VII-VII through the bridge element according to Fig. 6 ;
  • Fig. 8 in a spatial representation in accordance with the bridge element Fig. 6 inserted reinforcement elements without representation of the bridge element; and
  • Fig. 9 in a spatial representation, a view of a deflecting element and a turnbuckle.

Aus Fig. 1 ist ein Betonelement 1 ersichtlich, welches die Form einer Betonplatte aufweist, das durch ein Stützelement 2 abgestützt ist. Zur Verstärkung des Betonelements und zur besseren Aufnahme der Stütz- und Scherkräfte im Betonelement 1, die durch das Stützelement 2 ausgeübt werden, sind in das Betonelement 1 Bewehrungselemente 3 eingesetzt. Jedes dieser Bewehrungselemente 3 besteht aus einem längsstabilen flexiblen Längselement 4, das die Form eines Bandes 5 aufweist, dessen Breite in bekannter Weise ein Vielfaches der Dicke ist und das in bekannter Weise aus einem kohlefaserverstärktem Kunststoff besteht. Selbstverständlich sind auch Bänder aus anderen geeigneten Materialien einsetzbar.Out Fig. 1 is a concrete element 1 can be seen, which has the shape of a concrete slab, which is supported by a support member 2. To reinforce the concrete element and to better absorb the support and shear forces in the concrete element 1, which are exerted by the support member 2, 1 reinforcing elements 3 are inserted into the concrete element. Each of these reinforcing elements 3 consists of a longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal member 4, which has the shape of a band 5, the width of which is in a known manner a multiple of the thickness and in a known manner consists of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Of course, tapes made of other suitable materials can be used.

Um diese längsstabile flexible Längselemente 4 in das Betonelement 1 einsetzen zu können, sind in diesem Ausnehmungen 6 angebracht. In diese Ausnehmungen 6 ist ein Band 5 eingesetzt, wobei diese Ausnehmungen 6 jeweils so angeordnet sind, dass das Band 5 im vom Stützelement 2 abgewandten Bereich 7 des Betonelements 1 verläuft und die Endbereiche 8 des Bandes 5 jeweils unter einem spitzen Winkel α gegen die dem Stützelement 2 zugewandte Oberfläche 9 des Betonelementes 1 verlaufen, und aus dem Betonelement 1 austreten. Die beiden Endbereiche 8 des Bandes 5 sind um die jeweiligen Austrittskanten 10 der Ausnehmungen 6 des Betonelementes 1 umgelenkt. Diese aus dem Betonelement 1 austretenden Endbereiche 8 des Bandes 5 sind aufeinander zulaufend angeordnet, die Enden 11 des Bandes 5 sind in einer Spanneinrichtung 12 gehalten und gegeneinander verspannbar, wie später noch im Detail beschrieben wird, das durch das Band 5 gebildete Bewehrungselement 3 bildet somit eine geschlossene Schlaufe.In order to use these longitudinally stable flexible longitudinal elements 4 in the concrete element 1, 6 are mounted in this recesses. In these recesses 6, a band 5 is inserted, these recesses 6 are each arranged so that the band 5 extends in the area facing away from the support member 2 area 7 of the concrete element 1 and the end portions 8 of the band 5 each at an acute angle α against the Support element 2 facing surface 9 of the concrete element 1 run, and emerge from the concrete element 1. The two end portions 8 of the band 5 are deflected about the respective exit edges 10 of the recesses 6 of the concrete element 1. These emerging from the concrete element 1 end portions 8 of the band 5 are arranged converging, the Ends 11 of the band 5 are held in a tensioning device 12 and braced against each other, as will be described in detail later, the reinforcing element 3 formed by the band 5 thus forms a closed loop.

Das Band 5 kann auch so in die Ausnehmungen 6 eingesetzt werden, dass dieses im dem Stützelement 2 zugewandten Bereich des Betonelementes 1 verläuft und die beiden Endbereiche 8 des Bandes 5 somit auf der dem Stützelement 2 abgewandten Oberfläche aus dem Betonelement1 austreten, um die Austrittskanten 10a umgelenkt und aufeinander zulaufend sind. Die Enden 11 des Bandes 5 sind in einer Spanneinrichtung 12 gehalten und gegeneinander verspannbar. Das durch das Band 5 gebildete Bewehrungselement 3 bildet somit ebenfalls eine geschlossene Schlaufe.The band 5 can also be inserted into the recesses 6 such that it extends in the region of the concrete element 1 facing the support element 2 and the two end regions 8 of the band 5 thus emerge from the concrete element 1 on the surface facing away from the support element 2, around the exit edges 10a are deflected and converging. The ends 11 of the band 5 are held in a clamping device 12 and clamped against each other. The reinforcing element 3 formed by the band 5 thus likewise forms a closed loop.

Aus Fig. 2 ist entnehmbar, wie im Bereich eines Stützelementes 2 zum Abstützen eines Betonelementes 1 mehrere Bewehrungselemente 3 angeordnet werden können. Die Ausnehmungen 6 im Betonelement 1 sind in dieser Ausführungsform so angeordnet, dass jeweils die eine geschlossene Schlaufe bildende Bewehrungselemente 3 seitlich neben dem Stützelement 2 verlaufen, so dass diese geschlossene Schlaufe des Bewehrungselementes 3 in einer Ebene liegen, die im Wesentlichen senkrecht zum Betonelement 1 verläuft. Im in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist das Stützelement 2 einen quaderförmigen Querschnitt auf, in vorteilhafter Weise sind die Bewehrungselemente 3 parallel zur jeweiligen Fläche des Quaders dieses Stützelementes 2 ausgerichtet, so dass jeweils zwei Bewehrungselemente 3 parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Wie bereits erwähnt worden ist, sind die über das Betonelement 1 vorstehenden Endbereiche 8 im Bereich der Austrittkante 10 um Umlenkelemente 13 geführt, die später im Detail noch beschrieben werden, mit welchen Spannungsspitzen im Bereich der Austrittkanten 10 vermieden werden. Die Enden 11 der Bewehrungselemente 3 sind in einer Spanneinrichtung 12 gehalten, die später auch noch im Detail beschrieben wird, mit welchen diese Enden 11 gegeneinander verspannbar sind.Out Fig. 2 is removable, as in the region of a support member 2 for supporting a concrete element 1, a plurality of reinforcing elements 3 can be arranged. The recesses 6 in the concrete element 1 are arranged in this embodiment so that in each case a closed loop forming reinforcing elements 3 extend laterally next to the support member 2, so that these closed loop of the reinforcing element 3 lie in a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the concrete element 1 , Im in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment, the support member 2 has a cuboid cross section, in an advantageous manner, the reinforcing elements 3 are aligned parallel to the respective surface of the cuboid of this support element 2, so that in each case two reinforcing elements 3 are aligned parallel to each other. As has already been mentioned, the end areas 8 projecting beyond the concrete element 1 are guided in the region of the outlet edge 10 around deflecting elements 13, which will be described in detail later, with which stress peaks in the region of the outlet edges 10 are avoided. The ends 11 of the reinforcing elements 3 are held in a clamping device 12, which will be described later in detail, with which these ends 11 are braced against each other.

Aus Fig. 3 ist der Verlauf der Bewehrungselemente 3 ersichtlich, wie sie in Fig. 2 im in das Betonelement 1 eingesetzten Zustand dargestellt sind, wobei in Fig. 3 das Betonelement 1 und das Stützelement 2 nicht dargestellt sind. Hierbei ist ersichtlich, wie die Bewehrungselemente 3 jeweils in einer Ebene liegen, wie sie eine geschlossene Schlaufe bilden, in denen die Enden 11 in der jeweiligen Spanneinrichtung 12 gehalten und gegeneinander verspannt sind. Ebenfalls ersichtlich sind die Umlenkelemente 13, die in den jeweiligen unteren Umlenkpunkten des Bewehrungselementes 3 vorgesehen sind.Out Fig. 3 the course of the reinforcing elements 3 can be seen, as in Fig. 2 are shown in the inserted state in the concrete element 1, wherein in Fig. 3 the concrete element 1 and the support element 2 are not shown. It can be seen how the reinforcing elements 3 each lie in a plane, as they form a closed loop, in which the ends 11 are held in the respective clamping device 12 and braced against each other. Also visible are the deflecting elements 13, which are provided in the respective lower deflecting points of the reinforcing element 3.

In bekannter, nicht dargestellter Weise können an den jeweiligen oberen Umlenkpunkten des Bewehrungselementes 3 entsprechende Umlenkelemente angebracht werden.In a known, not shown manner 3 corresponding deflection elements can be attached to the respective upper deflection points of the reinforcing element.

Wie aus den Fig. 4 und 5 ersichtlich ist, können die Umlenkelemente 13, um welche das jeweilige Bewehrungselement 3 an der jeweiligen Austrittkante 10 der Ausnehmungen 6 geführt umgelenkt ist, an einer Strebe 14 befestigt sein, die im hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils als Platte 15 ausgebildet ist. Der innenseitige Endbereich 16 stützt sich hierbei am Stützelement 2 ab, die aussenseitigen Endbereiche 17 dieser Platte 15 sind als Umlenkelemente ausgebildet oder können mit entsprechenden Umlenkelementen 13 versehen sein, um welche die aus dem Betonelement 1 austretenden Endbereiche 8 des Bewehrungselementes 3 umgelenkt sind. Mit diesen Streben 14 wird erreicht, dass die im Bereich der Austrittkante 10 auftretenden Kräfte in optimaler Weise auf das Stützelement 2 übertragen und dort abgestützt wird, wodurch eventuell auftretende Spannungsspitzen, die auf das Betonelement 1 bzw. auf das Bewehrungselement 3 wirken könnten, reduziert werden.Like from the Fig. 4 and 5 can be seen, the deflecting elements 13 around which the respective reinforcing element 3 is guided guided at the respective exit edge 10 of the recesses 6, be attached to a strut 14 which is formed in the illustrated embodiment, each as a plate 15. The inside end region 16 is supported here on the support element 2, the outer side end portions 17 of this plate 15 are formed as deflection or can be provided with corresponding deflecting elements 13 around which the emerging from the concrete element 1 end portions 8 of the reinforcing element 3 are deflected. With these struts 14 it is achieved that the forces occurring in the region of the outlet edge 10 are transmitted in an optimum manner to the support element 2 and supported there, whereby any stress peaks which could act on the concrete element 1 or on the reinforcing element 3 are reduced ,

Selbstverständlich ist es auch denkbar, die Platten 15 so auszugestalten, dass die einander zugewandten Seiten sich jeweils aufeinander abstützen und ein geschlossener Ring gebildet wird, eine Abstützung der Platten 15 auf dem Stützelement 2 ist bei dieser Ausgestaltung nicht unbedingt erforderlich.Of course, it is also conceivable to design the plates 15 in such a way that the mutually facing sides are in each case supported on one another and a closed ring is formed; a support of the plates 15 on the support element 2 is not absolutely necessary in this embodiment.

Aus den Fig. 6 und 7 ist der Einsatz von derartigen Bewehrungselementen 3 in einem Betonelement dargestellt, das als Brückenelement ausgebildet ist. Dieses Brückenelement umfasst eine Platte 18, auf welcher eine Fahrbahn angeordnet sein kann, sowie einen kastenförmigen Brückenlängsträger 19. Dieser Längsträger 19 ist kastenförmig ausgebildet und weist einen Hohlraum auf. In diesem Hohlraum sind beabstandet voneinander Querträger 20 eingesetzt. Im Bereich dieser Querträger 20 können die jeweiligen Bewehrungselemente 3 angebracht werden, diese verlaufen seitlich des Querträgers 20, die Endbereiche 8 sind durch am Längsträger 19 angebrachte Ausnehmungen 6 hindurchgeführt und treten aus dem Längsträger 19 aus, sind über Umlenkelemente 21 geführt umgelenkt und laufen aufeinander zu, werden in einer Spanneinrichtung 12 gehalten und gegeneinander verspannt. Im Querträger 20 sind Ankerstangen 22 eingesetzt, um welche das Bewehrungselement 3 im der Platte 18 zugewandten Bereich des Querträgers 20 geführt sind. Durch diese Anordnung der Bewehrungselemente 3 kann die Übertragung der Kräfte auf das Stützelement 2 im Bereich der Querträger 20 verbessert werden.From the 6 and 7 the use of such reinforcing elements 3 is shown in a concrete element, which is designed as a bridge element. This bridge element comprises a plate 18 on which a roadway can be arranged, as well as a box-shaped bridge longitudinal member 19. This longitudinal member 19 is box-shaped and has a cavity. In this cavity are spaced from each other cross member 20 is inserted. In the area of this cross member 20, the respective reinforcing elements 3 can be attached, these run laterally of the cross member 20, the end portions 8 are passed through recesses 6 mounted on the longitudinal member 19 and emerge from the side member 19, are deflected over deflecting elements 21 and run towards each other , Are held in a clamping device 12 and braced against each other. In the cross member 20 anchor rods 22 are used, around which the reinforcing element 3 in the plate 18 facing portion of the cross member 20 are guided. By this arrangement of the reinforcing elements 3, the transmission of forces to the support member 2 in the region of the cross member 20 can be improved.

Fig. 8 zeigt wiederum die Ansicht des Verlaufs der Bewehrungselemente 3 im Brückenelement, wie es in den Fig. 6 und 7 dargestellt ist, wobei die entsprechenden Elemente nicht dargestellt sind. Hierbei sind die Ankerstangen 22 ersichtlich, um welche der obere Teil der Bewehrungselemente 3 geführt ist, sowie die Umlenkelemente 21, die zusätzlich mit einem winkelförmigen Teil 23 ausgestattet sind, welches sich in optimaler Weise in den entsprechenden Eckbereichen des Längsträgers 19 abstützen kann. Fig. 8 again shows the view of the course of the reinforcing elements 3 in the bridge element, as shown in the 6 and 7 is shown, wherein the corresponding elements are not shown. Here, the anchor rods 22 can be seen, around which the upper part of the reinforcing elements 3 is guided, as well as the deflection elements 21, which are additionally equipped with an angular part 23 which can be supported in an optimal manner in the corresponding corner regions of the longitudinal member 19.

Fig. 9 zeigt eines der vorgängig erwähnten Umlenkelemente 13 im Detail. Dieses Umlenkelement 13 besteht aus einer Platte 24, an welchem ein winkelig angeordnetes Führungsteil 25 befestigt ist. Dieses Führungsteil 25 weist eine Vertiefung 26 auf, in welche das Band 5 des Bewehrungselementes 3 eingelegt und geführt ist. Die Vertiefung 26 geht in einen Bogen 27 über, der in die unterseitige Oberfläche 28 der Platte 24 mündet. Die oberseitige Oberfläche 29 der Platte bildet die Abstützfläche, mit welcher das Umlenkelement 13 sich auf der dem Stützelement zugewandten Oberfläche 9 (Fig. 1) des Betonelementes 1 abstützt. Die dem Band 5 abgewandte Oberfläche des Führungsteils 25 bildet die Abstützfläche 30, mit welcher sich das Umlenkelement 13 an der jeweiligen Oberfläche des Endbereichs der entsprechenden Ausnehmungen 6 (Fig. 1) abstützt. Fig. 9 shows one of the aforementioned deflection elements 13 in detail. This deflecting element 13 consists of a plate 24 to which an angularly arranged guide member 25 is attached. This guide member 25 has a recess 26, in which the band 5 of the reinforcing element 3 is inserted and guided. The recess 26 merges into an arc 27 which opens into the underside surface 28 of the plate 24. The upper-side surface 29 of the plate forms the support surface with which the deflecting element 13 is located on the surface 9 facing the support element ( Fig. 1 ) of the concrete element 1 is supported. The belt 5 facing away from the surface of the guide member 25 forms the support surface 30, with which the deflecting element 13 at the respective surface of the end portion of the corresponding recesses 6 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) is supported.

Wie ebenfalls aus Fig. 9 ersichtlich ist, ist die Spanneinrichtung 12 als Spannschloss 31 ausgebildet, die im Wesentlichen aus zwei Bolzen 32 und 33 besteht, die über jeweils zwei Schrauben 34 und 35 im Wesentlichen parallel gegeneinander verspannbar sind. Die beiden Enden 11 des Bandes 5 des Bewehrungselementes 3 sind jeweils als Schlaufe 36 ausgebildet, in welche der entsprechende Bolzen 32 beziehungsweise 33 eingesetzt ist. Durch Verdrehen der Schrauben 34 und 35 kann somit das Bewehrungselement 3 gespannt werden. In bekannter Weise können die Schrauben 34 und 35 des Spannschlosses 31 mit Hydraulikelementen 37 ausgestattet werden, mit welchen in bekannter Weise die Spannkraft hydraulisch aufgebracht werden kann.Like also out Fig. 9 it can be seen, the clamping device 12 is formed as a turnbuckle 31, which consists essentially of two bolts 32 and 33 which are braced against each other via two screws 34 and 35 substantially parallel. The two ends 11 of the band 5 of the reinforcing element 3 are each formed as a loop 36, in which the corresponding bolt 32 and 33 is inserted. By turning the screws 34 and 35 thus the reinforcing element 3 can be tensioned. In a known manner, the screws 34 and 35 of the turnbuckle 31 can be equipped with hydraulic elements 37, with which in a known manner the clamping force can be applied hydraulically.

Mit diesen Bewehrungselementen können in einfacher und wirksamer Weise Betonelemente im Bereich von Stützelementen verstärkt werden, wobei eine optimale Übertragung der auftretenden Kräfte erreicht wird.With these reinforcing elements concrete elements in the region of support elements can be reinforced in a simple and effective manner, with an optimal transmission of the forces occurring is achieved.

Claims (12)

  1. Concrete element, which is supported by support elements (2), with reinforcement elements (3) for absorbing forces acting upon this concrete element (1), which reinforcement elements (3) each consists of a longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element (4), which is placed in recesses (6) in the concrete element (1), which recesses (6) are disposed in such a way that in the region of the support element (2) the reinforcement element (3) runs in the area (7) of the concrete element (1) remote from the support element (2) and in each case runs at an acute angle α toward the surface (9) of the concrete element (1) turned toward the support element (2) and exits from the concrete element (1) and in that the end regions (8) of the reinforcement element (1) are anchored, characterised in that the two end regions (8) of the longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element (4) are diverted around the respective exit edge (10; 10a) of the recesses (6) of the concrete element (1) and are disposed running toward one another, and the ends (11) of the longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element (4) are held in a tensioning device (12) and are able to be tensioned with respect to one another so that the reinforcement element (3) forms a closed loop.
  2. Concrete element according to claim 1, characterised in that this longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element (4) is placed in the concrete element (1) in such a way that it is disposed laterally adjacent to the support element (2).
  3. Concrete element according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element (4) has the form of a band (5) whose width is a multiple of the thickness.
  4. Concrete element according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element (4) is composed of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic.
  5. Concrete element according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the angle α is in the range of 20° to 50°.
  6. Concrete element according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the tensioning device (12) is designed as tension lock (31) and in that the two ends (11) of the longitudinally stable, flexible longitudinal element (4) are designed as loops (36) and are held in the tension lock (31).
  7. Concrete element according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that installed in the region of the exit edges (10) of the recesses (9) <sic. (6)> are diversion elements (13, 21), via which the respective band (5) is diverted in a guided way.
  8. Concrete element according to claim 7, characterised in that the diversion element (13) has support surfaces (29, 30), which are supported on the respective surface of the end region of the recess (6) and/or on the surface (9) of the concrete element (1).
  9. Concrete element according to claim 7, characterised in that the diversion element (13) is attached to an end region (17) of a supporting piece (14), whose other end region (16) supports itself on the support element (2).
  10. Concrete element according to claim 9, characterised in that the supporting piece (14) has the form of a plate (15) and in that a plurality of diversion elements (13) is attached to a plate (15).
  11. Concrete element according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the recesses (6) made in the concrete element (1), through which the reinforcement element (3) is led, are grouted with a pourable material.
  12. System for absorbing forces in concrete elements (1) that are supported by support elements (2), comprising a concrete element according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterised in that two reinforcement elements (3) each are aligned parallel to one another and are disposed opposite one another and laterally with respect to the support elements (2).
EP11154442.5A 2011-02-15 2011-02-15 Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete elements supported by supporting elements Not-in-force EP2489808B1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

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PL11154442T PL2489808T3 (en) 2011-02-15 2011-02-15 Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete elements supported by supporting elements
PT111544425T PT2489808E (en) 2011-02-15 2011-02-15 Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete elements supported by supporting elements
DK11154442.5T DK2489808T3 (en) 2011-02-15 2011-02-15 Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete elements supported by supporting elements
SI201130084T SI2489808T1 (en) 2011-02-15 2011-02-15 Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete elements supported by supporting elements
EP11154442.5A EP2489808B1 (en) 2011-02-15 2011-02-15 Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete elements supported by supporting elements
ES11154442.5T ES2437926T3 (en) 2011-02-15 2011-02-15 Reinforcement element for the absorption of forces in concrete elements, which are supported by means of support elements
US13/364,377 US8516757B2 (en) 2011-02-15 2012-02-02 Reinforcement element for absorbing forces in concrete elements which are supported by support elements
JP2012023972A JP2012167537A (en) 2011-02-15 2012-02-07 Reinforcement element for absorbing force in concrete element supported by support element
CN2012100295668A CN102635203A (en) 2011-02-15 2012-02-08 Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete elements supported by supporting elements
AU2012200771A AU2012200771A1 (en) 2011-02-15 2012-02-09 Reinforcement element for absorbing forces in concrete elements which are supported by support elements

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EP2236686A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-06 F.J. Aschwanden AG Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete slabs in the area of supporting elements
US20150013252A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-15 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Composite girder partially reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer
EP2993279B1 (en) * 2014-09-03 2016-12-14 HALFEN GmbH Building with a reinforcing element made of high-strength concrete for increasing puncture resistance
US20210131092A1 (en) * 2019-11-01 2021-05-06 Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. Concrete member shear transfer bracket
CN114922125A (en) * 2022-05-07 2022-08-19 山东交通学院 PC beam type bridge, and reinforcing device and method for PC beam type bridge
KR102585929B1 (en) * 2023-06-22 2023-10-06 (주)리빌텍이엔씨 Method and Apparatus for Reinforcing the Parent Moment of the Bridge Structure

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JP3497113B2 (en) * 2000-03-15 2004-02-16 横浜ゴム株式会社 Seismic retrofit of concrete structures
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EP2236686A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-06 F.J. Aschwanden AG Reinforcing element for absorbing forces in concrete slabs in the area of supporting elements

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PT2489808E (en) 2013-12-05
AU2012200771A1 (en) 2012-08-30
PL2489808T3 (en) 2014-01-31
JP2012167537A (en) 2012-09-06
SI2489808T1 (en) 2014-01-31
US20120205515A1 (en) 2012-08-16
DK2489808T3 (en) 2013-12-16
EP2489808A1 (en) 2012-08-22
CN102635203A (en) 2012-08-15
US8516757B2 (en) 2013-08-27

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