Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
  • F24S23/10—Prisms
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
  • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for concentrating and converting solar energy, which has at least one planar beam splitter for deflecting solar radiation and at least two, to the beam splitter with respect to the direction of irradiation of the solar radiation staggered arranged devices for the conversion of solar energy.
• the structure In the case of vertical irradiation of the pane, the structure must be arranged on the side facing away from the radiation, in order to avoid losses due to the inactive facets (steps). Disadvantages are the vertical inactive facets and the acute angles between active and inactive facets smaller than about 60 °, when it comes to applying inexpensive materials and molding techniques, e.g. by structuring glass.
• Concentrator to provide a significant reduction in the areal extent of devices coupled to the concentrators for the
• a device for concentrating and converting solar energy which has at least one planarly designed radiation divider for deflecting solar radiation and at least two, to the beam splitter with respect to the irradiation direction of the solar radiation staggered arranged devices for the conversion of solar energy.
• the beam splitter has on the side facing the solar radiation or opposite side of a translationindition one axis
• the beam splitter is designed as a flat disc or plate.
• translationally-invariant structuring is meant that the cross-section of the radiation divider over the length of the radiation splitter, i. in the direction of propagation perpendicular to the cross-sectional profile, remains substantially unchanged.
• a significant advantage of the present invention is based on the fact that compared to concentrators, in which the deflection of the radiation based on total reflection, not necessarily sharp structures, i. Structures with a flank angle of 60 ° are required, but also flatter structures, i. Structures with smaller flank angles can be realized. This has the significant advantage that such
• the structuring consists of several periodically over the entire surface Dermaho ⁇ lumbar structural elements.
• the structuring consists of a plurality of differing structural elements, wherein the individual structural elements are coordinated with one another such that at least partial concentration of the deflected radiation takes place on the active surface.
• the structuring is preferably in the form of substantially isosceles prisms. If the prisms are arranged on the side facing away from the solar radiation, they preferably have a base angle (flank angle) in the range from 10 ° to 40 °, preferably from 20 ° to 35 °.
• the prisms are arranged on the side facing the solar radiation, they preferably have one
• Base angle in the range of 10 ° to 70 °, particularly preferably from 20 ° to 60 °, on.
• a preferred embodiment provides that the base angles of the prisms are varied so that at least partial concentration of the deflected radiation takes place.
• the beam splitter preferably consists of a structurable material or composite of materials whose transmission is at least 85% in wavelength is rich from 400 to 1100 nm, or contains this substantially.
• the material is or substantially contains glass and / or organic materials, in particular fluorine, acrylate or silicone polymers. It is also possible to use multilayer composite systems as beam splitters.
• the layer or layer of the radiation splitter facing or facing away from the at least one photovoltaically active surface then has the structuring.
• the structuring of the radiation splitter prefferably has a structure depth substantially the same over the entire surface in the direction of the surface normal of the surface, which is preferably in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 20 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 5 mm.
• the structuring may be preferably introduced by casting, injection molding, extrusion and / or embossing.
• the beam splitter can have a spectrally selective transmission in favor of the photovoltaically usable spectral component, i.a. with maximum transmissions in the range of 400 nm to 1100 nm.
• a further preferred embodiment provides that the radiation splitter has an anti-reflective coating on the side facing and facing away from the solar radiation.
• the device for the conversion of solar energy is preferably solar cells, solar modules or thermal solar collectors.
• the device for concentrating and converting solar energy additionally has an arrangement for one- or two-axis tracking relative to the sun position. This makes it possible that the concentrator between two devices for the conversion of solar energy, for example two solar modules, is arranged and can be increased by the tracking system, the yield of the solar modules. Likewise, solar radiation that would fall on the inactive frame of the solar modules can be exploited with the device according to the invention.
• Photovoltaic systems are used. Commercially available silicon cells or silicon modules for non-concentrating use can be used as cells or modules. If these photovoltaic modules are tracked, they can also be mounted on conventional solar trackers.
• the concentrators according to the invention are used in conjunction with thermal solar collectors which bring about a conversion of solar energy into heat.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a refractive Fresnel radiation deflector according to the prior art.
• Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a concentrator according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of a plurality of radiation splitters in conjunction with corresponding active areas.
• Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a second variant of an inventive
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a further variant according to the invention of a radiation splitter.
• a radiation deflector 1 as it is known from the prior art, shown.
• a structuring 2 is arranged on the side of the radiation deflector 1 facing away from the solar radiation.
• the structuring also includes inactive areas, i. Stages 3, up. Incident solar radiation 5 or 5 'is deflected at the active surfaces, this deflected radiation 6 or 6' can then be further utilized.
• the disadvantage of this embodiment is due to the vertical inactive areas as well as the acute angles between active and inactive areas. This complicates a cost-effective production as well as the use of low-cost materials.
• FIG. 2 shows a concentrator according to the invention which has a radiation divider 11, via which solar radiation 13 is deflected into a first beam 14 and a second beam 14 '.
• the beam 14 is thereby on the active surface 15, for example, a solar cell surface, deflected while the second beam 14 'on the photovoltaic active surface 15' is deflected.
• a geometric concentration can be achieved by a factor of 1.5.
• the arrangement of one radiation divider and two photovoltaically active surfaces shown in FIG. 2 can be continued as desired in both spatial directions, e.g. an array-like arrangement. In this case, a geometric concentration results by a factor of 2.
• FIG. 3 shows a variant of a radiation splitter 21 according to the invention, in which the structuring is arranged on the side facing away from the solar radiation.
• the structuring has active surfaces 22 and 23.
• Incident solar radiation 24 or 24 ' is hereby refracted at the active surfaces and as deflected radiation 25 or 25', e.g. led to the solar modules.
• FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment according to the invention of a radiation divider 31, in which the structuring is arranged on the side of the radiation divider 31 facing the solar radiation. Again, active surfaces 32 and 33 are shown. Incident solar radiation 34 and 34 'is refracted at the active surfaces 32 and 33 and at the exit from the beam splitter 31 and deflected
• Radiation 35 and 35 'led to the solar modules are about 60 °, so that a beam deflection of about 39 ° can be achieved.
• the large beam deflection enables a more compact design for concentrating PV systems.
• FIG. 5 shows a radiation divider 41 according to the invention, which has asymmetrical flank angles of the prisms 42, 43 and 44.
• the deflected radiation 45, 46 and 47 is thus deflected and focused, i. E. concentrated.
• higher concentrations can be achieved.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2009
  • 2009-10-13 DE DE102009049228A patent/DE102009049228A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2010
  • 2010-10-11 US US13/502,037 patent/US20120260970A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-10-11 EP EP10771001A patent/EP2489079A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-10-11 WO PCT/EP2010/006202 patent/WO2011045013A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-10-11 CN CN2010800465600A patent/CN102714250A/zh active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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