EP2488597A1 - Use of carbon black for oxidative and heat stability in solar module applications - Google Patents

Use of carbon black for oxidative and heat stability in solar module applications

Info

Publication number
EP2488597A1
EP2488597A1 EP10828748A EP10828748A EP2488597A1 EP 2488597 A1 EP2488597 A1 EP 2488597A1 EP 10828748 A EP10828748 A EP 10828748A EP 10828748 A EP10828748 A EP 10828748A EP 2488597 A1 EP2488597 A1 EP 2488597A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
amount
weight
styrene
sealant
edge seal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10828748A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Harald Becker
Heike BRÜCHER
Norbert Schott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Adco Products LLC
Original Assignee
Adco Products Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Adco Products Inc filed Critical Adco Products Inc
Publication of EP2488597A1 publication Critical patent/EP2488597A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J183/00—Adhesives based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J183/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J183/00—Adhesives based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J133/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L43/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing boron, silicon, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L43/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an edge seal for solar modules, there being provided a sealant having carbon black for thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, while maintaining non-conductivity.
  • the spacer consists primarily of metal (usually aluminum), is located in the edge area of the glass panes, and has the function of maintaining the two glass panes at the desired distance apart.
  • a desiccant e.g. a molecular sieve
  • the spacer is provided with small apertures (longitudinal perforation) on the side facing the interpane space. This arrangement prevents moisture from condensing on the inside of the glass panes at low ambient temperatures and impairing the transparency of the insulating glass unit.
  • a seal based on polyisobutylene and/or butyl rubber is provided between the sides of the spacer that face the glass panes and the inner surfaces of the glass panes.
  • This seal is generally known as the primary seal.
  • the function of the primary seal is during production of the insulating glass panes, to be a kind of "assembly aid" while the glass panes are being joined to the spacer, which has been pre-coated with primary sealant, in order to hold the assembly together during the next production stages, and later, during the service life of the insulating glass unit, to form a water-vapor barrier that prevents moisture from penetrating from the exterior inwards into the interpane space, and, if the insulating glass unit is filled with gas, to prevent loss of this gas outwards from the interpane space.
  • the secondary sealant As the outward-facing edge of the spacer is a few millimeters inside of the outside edges of the glass panes, a "channel" is formed into which the secondary sealant, as it is generally known, is injected.
  • the main purpose of the secondary seal is to elastically bond the edge of the insulating glass unit (glass panes and spacer) and also to form a seal - which is to some extent an additional seal - against water and water vapor from the outside and gas from the inside (interpane space).
  • the secondary seal consists of room- temperature-curing, two-part sealants and/or adhesives based on polysulfide, polyurethane or silicone.
  • One-part systems for example based on silicone, or a hot-melt butyl adhesive applied while hot, are also possible.
  • metal spacers used there have the disadvantage of being good heat conductors and thus having a negative influence on an insulating glass pane's desirable low K-value, which, in the case of double- or multi-pane insulating glass, has been improved substantially in recent years by filling the interpane space with inert gas and using glass panes coated with low-emission (low-E) layers.
  • low-E low-emission
  • the DE 196 24 236 A1 describes a hot-melt adhesive composition for insulating glass, containing a mixture of at least one reactive binder based on silane-functional polyisobutylene, hydrogenated polybutadiene and/or poly-a-olefins, and a non-reactive binder from the group comprising the butyl rubbers, poly-a-olefins, diene polymers, polybutene or styrene block copolymers, which composition may be used as 1 - or 2-part adhesive/sealant in the production of insulating glasses. No separate spacers comprising metal or plastic profiles are needed here, and no additional, secondary sealants.
  • the DE 198 21 355 A1 describes a sealing compound for use in the production of multi-pane insulating glass; the compound contains silane- modified butyl rubber and serves as spacer between the individual panes of the multi-pane insulating glass. Here too, no secondary sealant is needed.
  • thermoplastic material used combines the function of the spacer with that of the primary seal, as it is called. It also contains the desiccant.
  • TPS thermoplastic spacer
  • the outward-facing edge of the spacer is a few millimeters inside of the outer edges of the glass panes, and the remaining space is filled by the secondary seal, as it is called, which bonds the units elastically.
  • the TPS system has, over the past ten years, proved to be completely unproblematic in insulating-glass fenestration applications.
  • the main reason may be assumed to be the lack of adhesion between the TPS sealant and the secondary seal, and the inadequate adhesion - based only on predominantly physical interactions - of the TPS sealant to the glass. This bond may be easily weakened to a greater or lesser extent by substances migrating into the glass/TPS sealant interface.
  • the present invention provides an edge seal which is free of the disadvantages described and which, especially also under high stresses (external influences due to incompatible materials, extremely high temperatures and UV radiation), ensures permanent stability of the TPS edge seal and thereby reliably prevents any deformation of movement of the thermoplastic spacer profile into the interpane space.
  • the edge seal includes carbon black for oxidative and heat stability and non-conductivity.
  • an edge seal for manufacturing two-pane or multi-pane insulating glass or solar modules includes a sealant and a bonding agent.
  • the sealant contains a polymer modified with special reactive groups and has the following overall composition: olefinic polymers or combinations thereof included in an amount from about 10% to about 90% by weight of the total composition; at least one filler included in an amount from about 10% to about 65% by weight of the total composition; at least one inorganic filler that is a thermal and oxidative stabilizer in an amount from about 2% to about 30%; at least one of a desiccant or water scavenger included in an amount from about 2.5% to about 25% by weight of the total composition; and at least one aging resistor including an anti-oxidant or UV stabilizer included in an amount from about 0.1 % to about 3% by weight of the total composition.
  • an edge seal includes a primary sealant that contains a polymer modified with special groups and has the following overall composition:
  • the sealing compound according to the invention adheres markedly better to other materials, in particular glass, metals and plastic, than is the case with prior-art sealing compounds.
  • the olefinic polymers are selected from the group comprising polyisobutylene, polybutene, butyl rubber (polyisobutylene-isoprene), styrene block copolymers, especially SBS, SIS, SEBS, SEPS, SIBS, SBIBS, also in modified form, and amorphous copolymers and/or terpolymers of a-olefins (APAO).
  • polyisobutylene polybutene
  • butyl rubber polyisobutylene-isoprene
  • styrene block copolymers especially SBS, SIS, SEBS, SEPS, SIBS, SBIBS, also in modified form
  • APAO amorphous copolymers and/or terpolymers of a-olefins
  • the modified polymer can be selected from the group comprising polyisobutylene, polybutene, butyl rubber (polyisobutylene-isoprene), styrene block copolymers, especially SBS, SIS, SEBS, SEPS, SIBS, SBIBS, also in modified form, and amorphous copolymers and/or terpolymers of a-olefins (APAO), the polymer being modified with at least one group of formula (1 ) which is a terminal group or is distributed statistically within the chain
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or an aralkyi group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, X is a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group,
  • a is 0,1 ,2 or 3 and b is 0,1 or 2, the sum of a and b being greater than or equal to 1 , and where n is a whole number between 0 and 18, m is a whole number between 0 and 4 and R 3 is (CH 2 ) m - N - (CH 2 ) m - I
  • the fillers can be selected from the group comprising ground and precipitated chalks, silicates, silicon oxides, lime, and carbon blacks or soots.
  • the invention also provides for the chalks to be surface-treated. However, it is also possible to use non-surface-treated chalks.
  • the composition includes a thermal and oxidative stabilizing inorganic filler, such as, for example, carbon black.
  • the silicates can be selected from the group comprising talc, kaolin, mica, silicon oxides, silicas and calcium or magnesium silicates. It is also with the scope of the invention for the water-binding substances to be selected from molecular sieves (zeolites) of types 3A to 10A. Of course, other substances that bond water chemically or physically may also be used. These include, but are not limited to, other desiccants such as silica gel, alumina, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and potassium carbonate, and water scavengers such as calcium oxide.
  • desiccants such as silica gel, alumina, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and potassium carbonate
  • water scavengers such as calcium oxide.
  • the sealing compound either as a one- part sealing compound or as a two-part sealing compound.
  • a one- part sealing compound all the components are mixed together during the production process.
  • the olefinic polymers (a) are mixed together with some of the fine-particle inert fillers (c) and the water-binding fillers (d) in one part, e.g. part A; a second part, part B, is manufactured from some of the fine-particle inert fillers together with some of the olefinic polymers (a) and/or the entire quantity of modified polymers (b) and the aging resistors (e).
  • the two parts of the compound are then mixed together immediately prior to application.
  • the invention also provides for the aging resistors to be selected from the group comprising sterically hindered phenols, thioethers, mercapto compounds, phosphorus esters, benzotriazoles, benzophenones, HALS and antiozonants.
  • test insulating-glass panes measuring 500 x 350 mm and constructed as 4 mm float glass / 16 mm interpane space / 4 mm float glass plus the edge seal consisting in the one instance of
  • an EPDM profile of the kind typically employed for glazing applications and having a plasticizer content of about 20% mineral oil is bonded using a one-part silicone sealant with a high silicone-plasticizer content, said profile thus being brought into direct contact with the edge-seal sealants.
  • the test panes prepared in this way were then exposed to a weathering-cycle test (-20 °C / + 80 °C at 95 - 100% rel. humidity, 8 hours per cycle, 3 cycles per day).
  • test pane 1 After only about 4-5 weeks of the weathering-cycle test, test pane 1 ) showed deformation, i.e., movement, of the thermoplastic spacer profile into the interpane space. This was caused by the incompatibility reactions (plasticizer migration from the EPDM profile and the one-part silicone sealant).
  • Test pane 2 by contrast, showed no impairment of the edge seal whatsoever even after more than 50 weeks of the weathering-cycle test.
  • the glass adhesion and the edge seal showed no recognizable impairment whatsoever after more than 4,000 hours of irradiation with UV lamps (Osram Ultravitalux) and temperatures at the pane surfaces of up to 1 10 °C.
  • An edge seal that can withstand stresses of this kind is thus suitable not only for insulating-glass applications in particularly demanding situations, e.g. frameless glazing in facades or roofs (known as structural glazing), but also, for example, for the edge seal in solar modules.
  • the edge seal must not show any electrical conductivity, as this can cause fault current or short circuits between the contacts.
  • silicone-based secondary seal this is no problem, since silicones typically show very high volume resistivities, mostly > 10 14 Ohm-cm, and thus fall within the category of electrical insulators.
  • butyl sealants with a high filler content of carbon black - as in the case of the reactive butyl compound described here - have volume resistivities of ⁇ 10 6 Ohm-cm, meaning that the compound would be electrically conductive.
  • Carbon black can affect the thermal decomposition of various polymers in an inert atmosphere by thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry (TGA- MS) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Pyrolosis-GC-MS).
  • TGA- MS thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry
  • Pyrolosis-GC-MS pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
  • the nature of substituents on the hydrocarbon chain of the polymers affects the thermal behavior of the mixtures with carbon black.
  • Carbon black exhibits no influence on the decomposition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) which has quaternary carbon atoms in the polymer chain and decomposes by depolymerization.
  • PMMA poly(methyl methacrylate)
  • polypropylene PP
  • PE polyethylene
  • PS polystyrene
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile
  • the char yield of PAN is increased significantly, however, carbon black has no impact on the amount of residue of non-char-forming polymers.
  • Analysis of the pyrolysis products indicate that carbon black has influence through the chain cleavage and H-transfer reactions.
  • the promotion of the chain scission reactions in PP is indicated by the lower decomposition temperature and the increased formation of products originating from the primary macroradicals. It appears that carbon black participates in the termination of the chain reactions, too, thus, the yield of oligomers is significantly reduced from the vinyl polymers.
  • the increased yield of hydrogenated products also confirms that carbon black participates in the H-transfer reactions.
  • inclusion of carbon black as a oxidative and thermal stabilizer in a sealant or sealing compound provides a sealant or sealing compound with a relative thermal index (RTI) of at least about 105°C when verified by Underwriters Laboratories Inc.® (UL).
  • RTI relative thermal index
  • Olefinic polymer Polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutene, butyl rubber (polyisobutene-isoprene) styrene block copolymers (in modified form as well): For all olefinic polymers Mol wt (Number average molecular weight 100 - 1 ,000, 000 Da, preferabaly 100 - 300,000 Da); Silanes: : DFDA-5451 NT (silane grafted PE from Dow Chemical), DFDA-5481 NT (moisture curing catalyst from Dow Chemical), amorphous poly alpha olefins (such as and not restricted to Vestoplast 206, Vestoplast 2412), alkoxy silanes, amino silanes; Inert fillers: ground and precipitated chalks, silicates, lime, silicon oxides, and Carbon black, CaCO3, Ca(OH) 2 , titanium dioxide, silicates to be

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
EP10828748A 2009-10-14 2010-10-14 Use of carbon black for oxidative and heat stability in solar module applications Withdrawn EP2488597A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25155109P 2009-10-14 2009-10-14
US67925010A 2010-03-19 2010-03-19
PCT/US2010/052727 WO2011056379A1 (en) 2009-10-14 2010-10-14 Use of carbon black for oxidative and heat stability in solar module applications

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2488597A1 true EP2488597A1 (en) 2012-08-22

Family

ID=43970238

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10828748A Withdrawn EP2488597A1 (en) 2009-10-14 2010-10-14 Use of carbon black for oxidative and heat stability in solar module applications

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2488597A1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2013509454A (enExample)
KR (1) KR20120097497A (enExample)
CN (1) CN102695769A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2011056379A1 (enExample)

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CN102604312B (zh) * 2012-01-13 2014-05-28 深圳市盛嘉伦橡塑工业有限公司 热塑性弹性体密封条材料及其制备方法
CN104559912B (zh) * 2015-02-05 2016-05-18 四川天邑康和通信股份有限公司 一种光缆接头盒用密封胶及其制备方法
KR101821393B1 (ko) * 2016-06-14 2018-01-23 엘지전자 주식회사 태양전지 모듈
CN106753059B (zh) * 2016-12-28 2019-01-22 杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司 一种双玻光伏组件用热熔丁基密封胶及制备方法
CN106893529B (zh) * 2017-03-22 2018-07-31 广西金雨伞防水装饰有限公司 一种耐候热熔型压敏胶及其制备方法
CN109096934A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2018-12-28 浙江福斯特新材料研究院有限公司 一种耐高温防水丁基胶带
DE102019204773B4 (de) * 2019-04-03 2023-02-09 IGK Isolierglasklebstoffe GmbH System zur Herstellung eines Dichtmassenverbunds für Isolierglas, dessen Verwendung, Randverbund zur Herstellung von Isolierglas oder Solarmodulen und Isolierglaseinheit
JP2020195468A (ja) * 2019-05-31 2020-12-10 早水電機工業株式会社 防煙垂れ壁
CN112375510B (zh) * 2020-11-03 2022-10-18 浙江国能科技有限公司 一种新型高强度万能粘接密封胶及其制备方法
CN114605947B (zh) * 2022-01-27 2023-05-02 北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司 一种基于硅烷改性的热熔压敏胶及其制备方法
WO2024249472A1 (en) * 2023-05-31 2024-12-05 H.B. Fuller Company Hot melt sealants having low thermal conductivity

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102695769A (zh) 2012-09-26
KR20120097497A (ko) 2012-09-04
JP2013509454A (ja) 2013-03-14
WO2011056379A1 (en) 2011-05-12

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