EP2486601A2 - Built-in prefabricated photovoltaic cover - Google Patents

Built-in prefabricated photovoltaic cover

Info

Publication number
EP2486601A2
EP2486601A2 EP10781925A EP10781925A EP2486601A2 EP 2486601 A2 EP2486601 A2 EP 2486601A2 EP 10781925 A EP10781925 A EP 10781925A EP 10781925 A EP10781925 A EP 10781925A EP 2486601 A2 EP2486601 A2 EP 2486601A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modules
photovoltaic modules
longitudinal
photovoltaic
cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10781925A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Gille
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OXYMETAL SAS
Original Assignee
Oxymetal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oxymetal SA filed Critical Oxymetal SA
Publication of EP2486601A2 publication Critical patent/EP2486601A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • H02S30/10—Frame structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/30—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors
    • F24S25/33—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles
    • F24S25/35—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles by means of profiles with a cross-section defining separate supporting portions for adjacent modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/30—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors
    • F24S25/33—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles
    • F24S25/37—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles forming coplanar grids comprising longitudinal and transversal profiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
    • F24S2025/014—Methods for installing support elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
    • F24S2025/021—Sealing means between support elements and mounting surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic roofs intended to be integrated into a building for professional or residential use or shelters of the shade type, comprising a longitudinal and transverse juxtaposition of modules provided with a plurality of photovoltaic cells, a structure carrier of said modules and intended to be fixed to the failures of a roof structure, cables and sets of connections.
  • the photovoltaic modules known are essentially of three types:
  • the invention lies in this third category.
  • Photovoltaic modules can be integrated into existing roofs or new constructions. In both cases they are fixed to the breakdowns of the frame.
  • photovoltaic modules can be mounted on the structures on the floor. If this reduces the duration of work on the roof, this has very little impact on the overall duration of the work.
  • the document D1 describes a method for recovering solar energy using a photovoltaic cover comprising modules (36), juxtaposed, each consisting, over the entire length, of a single thin-film solar cell (1), a heat-insulating cover (5.1) associated with a polycarbonate structure (7) and an exchanger (12), air or water, placed below said cell; the cover is associated with laths (42) and rafters (79) of the roof, the insulation (44) being placed on both sides of said rafters;
  • Document D2 describes a prefabricated insulating panel (5) for the construction of external building surfaces, comprising two sheets (6, 7) of metallic material, between which an insulating material (8) is inserted, provided with at least one two longitudinal ribs (10A, 10B) between which is inserted at least one photovoltaic module plane (14) and having at least one pipe (13) for the passage of electrical cables (18);
  • document D3 describes a covering system for the arrangement, on a surface, for example of a building, of one or more elements such as solar panels, solar thermal collectors and / or roof tiles; said system comprising a first side adapted to form an inner wall of the building and a second side, opposite to the first, adapted, by its shape, to support said roof elements; said system being directly connectable to a building for the purpose of forming the roof.
  • elements such as solar panels, solar thermal collectors and / or roof tiles
  • the invention aims to achieve a photovoltaic cover with new and original features and whose main purpose is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks while introducing new advantages related to the very design of the structure of said cover.
  • the cover according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it is produced by the lateral juxtaposition of subsets, prefabricated and wired in the factory, each designed from a metal structure consisting of longitudinal sections. adapted to maintain:
  • thermal insulation occupying the volume between said sheets and flat profiles also integral with said longitudinal sections; and to laterally connect consecutive subsets between them.
  • the subassemblies in question arrive directly on site, fully assembled and wired, and are placed directly on the purlins by means of lifting gear.
  • the duration of the project is greatly reduced. Indeed, for a photovoltaic construction site of about 2000 m 2 , the duration of the installation is about 2 weeks (with removal of the existing roof excluding the presence of asbestos) against 10 weeks in the known technique the most close exposed above and this with a preparation time in workshop of 4 weeks.
  • the metal structure according to the invention is also characterized in that it is produced by:
  • two symmetrical fins adapted to support sheets which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules, an air gap intended for cooling said modules;
  • two symmetrical fins adapted to, firstly, maintain a thermal insulation that occupies the volume between the previous plates and flat profiles integral with said fins and, secondly, to support fasteners of the metallic structure to the breakdowns of the frame;
  • longitudinal hollow end or connecting sections comprising: - In the upper part, a surface adapted to support juxtaposed photovoltaic modules;
  • a fin adapted to support the previous high sleepers
  • a fin adapted to support the previous sheets which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules, the air gap for cooling said modules;
  • a fin adapted to maintain the thermal insulation which occupies the volume between the sheets and the flat profiles integral with said fin;
  • low cross members consisting of hollow tubes welded to the intermediate and end longitudinal profiles
  • the longitudinal end or connecting sections comprise a notch for hooking the lifting hooks used for the establishment of prefabricated subassemblies consisting of the rigid metal structure, photovoltaic modules and various associated parts;
  • the upper row of photovoltaic modules is replaced by a row of transparent photovoltaic modules or which comprise a transparent central part intended for the zenith lighting of the building and / or by smoke evacuation openings;
  • the longitudinal intermediate and end or connecting sections comprise parts for supporting perforated pipes adapted to spray water above the photovoltaic modules;
  • the water used is mainly rainwater collected by gutters placed at the edge of the roof and stored nearby.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial overall view, in perspective, of a cover according to the invention being mounted on a building;
  • FIG. 2 is a view, in cross section, of a subassembly at an intermediate section
  • FIG. 3 is a view, in cross-section, of a subassembly at the level of a connecting section;
  • FIG. 4 is a view, in cross section, of a subassembly at an end section
  • FIG. 5 is a view, in cross section, of a subassembly comprising 3 photovoltaic modules over the width;
  • FIG. 6 is a view, in longitudinal section, of the subassembly of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a detailed view, in longitudinal section, of the part of the subassembly comprising the fastener of its structure to a failure of the frame;
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a building carrying the photovoltaic cover according to the invention, highlighting the air cooling circuit of the photovoltaic modules;
  • FIG. 9 is a detail view, in cross section, of an intermediate profile carrying a perforated watering pipe from above the photovoltaic modules;
  • FIG. 10 is an overall view, in cross section, perforated watering pipes from above photovoltaic modules.
  • the photovoltaic cover intended to be integrated into a building for professional or residential use or to shelters of the shade type is of the type comprising:
  • modules (1) provided with a plurality of photovoltaic cells (11);
  • said cover is made (FIG. 1) by the lateral juxtaposition of subsets (1, 2), prefabricated and wired in the factory, each comprising at least:
  • a plurality of photovoltaic modules (1) a rigid metal structure (2) whose width is designed to support a well-defined number of photovoltaic modules (1), for example three, and whose length is determined to support a number of photovoltaic modules (1) for covering, depending on the application, the length of the roof section concerned.
  • the metal structure (2) is produced (FIGS. 2 and 3) by means of:
  • two symmetrical fins (214) adapted to support sheets (215) which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules (1), an air gap (216) for cooling said modules;
  • two symmetrical fins (217) adapted to, firstly, maintain a thermal insulation (218) which occupies the volume between the sheets (215) and flat sections (219) integral with said fins and for, on the other hand, supporting parts (4) for fixing the structure (2) to the purlins (3) of the frame;
  • a fin (232) adapted to support the upper sleepers (213);
  • a fin (233) adapted to support the sheets (215) which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules (1), the air gap (216) for cooling said modules;
  • a fin (234) adapted to maintain the thermal insulation (218) occupying the volume between the sheets (215) and the flat sections (219) integral with said fin;
  • low cross members consisting of hollow tubes, welded to the intermediate longitudinal profiles (21) and end (23);
  • the longitudinal end or connecting sections (23) comprise ( Figure 3) a notch for the hooking of lifting hooks (31) for the introduction of prefabricated subassemblies consisting of the rigid metal structure (2). ), photovoltaic modules (1) and various associated parts;
  • the longitudinal end sections (23) comprise ( Figure 4) of the edge plates (32) held by parts (33) fixed to said profiles;
  • the top row of photovoltaic modules (1) is replaced (FIGS. 5 and 6) by a row of transparent photovoltaic modules (12) or which comprise a transparent central part intended for the zenith lighting of the building;
  • the upper row of photovoltaic modules (1) is replaced by a row of transparent photovoltaic modules (12) or which comprise a transparent central part intended for the zenith lighting of the building and fume evacuation openings (36) ( figure 1) ;
  • the intermediate longitudinal profiles (21) and end or link (23) comprise ( Figures 9 and 10) parts (39) for supporting perforated pipes (40) adapted to spray water over the modules photovoltaic (1);
  • the water used is mainly rainwater recovered ( Figure 9) by gutters (41) placed at the edge of the roof and stored nearby.
  • the modules (1) are made by means of two glass plates, sandwiching photovoltaic cells (11), having for example for dimensions: 800 x 1600 mm; the thermal insulation (218) is semi-rigid and is equipped with a vapor barrier;
  • rivets (41) are used for fixing various flat parts such as sheets;
  • - bolts (42) are used for fixing the end profiles or connection (23) and also for fixing the modules together to the building;
  • the glazing beads (27) comprise holding joints (43);
  • the end profiles or connection (23) comprise wedging joints (44)
  • the example shown is an industrial building with concrete frame.
  • the means for fixing the cover to failures is therefore specific to this application. It is the same for the slope of the roof.
  • the invention is applicable to any type of building or roof.
  • the cover according to the invention could see its application extended to other areas and more particularly to the thermal field.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic cover to be built into a business or residential building or into various shelters, said photovoltaic cover including: photovoltaic modules (1); a structure (2) supporting said modules, to be attached to the sides of a roof structure, cables, and connecting sets. The cover according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it is created by means of the sideways juxtaposition of factory-prefabricated, factory-wired subassemblies that are each designed from a metal structure (2) consisting of longitudinal profile sections (21) suitable for maintaining a number of photovoltaic modules (1) that make it possible to cover the length of the roofing side to be fitted, said roofing side covering a width including a precisely predetermined number of said modules. Metal sheets (215) define, with the bottom of the photovoltaic modules (1), an air gap (216) for cooling said modules, and a heat-insulating material (218) takes up the space between said metal sheets (215) and flat profile sections (219) that are also rigidly connected to said longitudinal profile sections (21, 23).

Description

COUVERTURE PHOTOVOLTAÏQUE PREFABRIQUEE INTEGRABLE  INTEGRABLE PREFABRICATED PHOTOVOLTAIC COVERAGE
DESCRIPTION  DESCRIPTION
DOMAINE DE L'INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention concerne le domaine des couvertures photovoltaïques destinées à être intégrées à un bâtiment à usage professionnel ou d'habitation ou à des abris de type ombrière, comprenant une juxtaposition longitudinale et transversale de modules pourvus d'une pluralité de cellules photovoltaïques, une structure porteuse desdits modules et destinée à être fixée aux pannes d'une charpente de toiture, des câbles et des jeux de connexions.  The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic roofs intended to be integrated into a building for professional or residential use or shelters of the shade type, comprising a longitudinal and transverse juxtaposition of modules provided with a plurality of photovoltaic cells, a structure carrier of said modules and intended to be fixed to the failures of a roof structure, cables and sets of connections.
ARRIERE PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY
L'intégration au bâti de modules photovoltaïques bénéficie d'un tarif d'achat préférentiel par l'opérateur chargé de la distribution du courant électrique domestique et industriel ce qui permet d'avoir un retour sur investissement plus rapide.  The integration of photovoltaic modules with a preferential purchase price by the operator responsible for the distribution of domestic and industrial electrical power which allows a faster return on investment.
Les modules photovoltaïques connus sont essentiellement de trois types : The photovoltaic modules known are essentially of three types:
- les bacs métalliques photovoltaïques ;  - photovoltaic metal bins;
- les membranes photovoltaïques ;  - photovoltaic membranes;
- les systèmes d'intégration de modules photovoltaïques avec ou sans cadre. - systems for integrating photovoltaic modules with or without a frame.
L'invention se situe dans cette troisième catégorie. The invention lies in this third category.
Les modules photovoltaïques peuvent être intégrés à des toitures existantes ou à des constructions nouvelles. Dans les deux cas ils se fixent aux pannes de la charpente. Photovoltaic modules can be integrated into existing roofs or new constructions. In both cases they are fixed to the breakdowns of the frame.
Pour une construction existante, il faut d'abord déposer la toiture. Il faut ensuite mettre en place la structure, les modules et les raccords d'étanchéité. Il faut enfin poser et raccorder les onduleurs et les coffrets électriques de protection. For an existing building, you must first remove the roof. The structure, the modules and the sealing connections must then be put in place. Finally, it is necessary to install and connect the inverters and the electrical protection boxes.
Pour un chantier de surface photovoltaïque d'environ 2000 m2 la durée de l'installation est d'environ 10 semaines (hors dépose de la toiture existante). For a photovoltaic building site of about 2000 m 2 the duration of the installation is about 10 weeks (except removal of the existing roof).
Dans certaines conceptions de systèmes, les modules photovoltaïques peuvent être montés sur les structures à même le sol. Si cela réduit la durée du travail en toiture, cela n'a que très peu de répercussion sur la durée globale du chantier.  In some system designs, photovoltaic modules can be mounted on the structures on the floor. If this reduces the duration of work on the roof, this has very little impact on the overall duration of the work.
Outre les problèmes de sécurité que cela engendre, le travail en plein air est toujours tributaire des intempéries.  In addition to the safety problems that this entails, outdoor work is always dependent on the weather.
L'état de la technique la plus proche est décrit dans les brevets suivants :  The closest state of the art is described in the following patents:
- le document D1 décrit un procédé de récupération d'énergie solaire utilisant une couverture photovoltaïque comprenant des modules (36), juxtaposés, constitués, chacun, sur toute la longueur, d'une seule cellule solaire en couche mince (1), d'une couverture thermo-isolante (5,1) associée à une structure en polycarbonate (7) et d'un échangeur (12), à air ou à eau, placé en dessous de ladite cellule ; la couverture est associée à des lattes (42) et des chevrons (79) de la toiture, l'isolant (44) étant placé des deux côtés desdits chevrons ; the document D1 describes a method for recovering solar energy using a photovoltaic cover comprising modules (36), juxtaposed, each consisting, over the entire length, of a single thin-film solar cell (1), a heat-insulating cover (5.1) associated with a polycarbonate structure (7) and an exchanger (12), air or water, placed below said cell; the cover is associated with laths (42) and rafters (79) of the roof, the insulation (44) being placed on both sides of said rafters;
- le document D2 décrit un panneau isolant préfabriqué (5) pour la construction de surfaces externes de bâtiments, comprenant deux feuilles (6,7), en matériau métallique, entre lesquelles est inséré un matériau isolant (8), pourvues d'au moins deux nervures longitudinales (10A,10B) entre lesquelles est inséré au moins un module photovoltaïque plan (14) et comportant au moins un tuyau (13) pour le passage de câbles électriques (18) ;  Document D2 describes a prefabricated insulating panel (5) for the construction of external building surfaces, comprising two sheets (6, 7) of metallic material, between which an insulating material (8) is inserted, provided with at least one two longitudinal ribs (10A, 10B) between which is inserted at least one photovoltaic module plane (14) and having at least one pipe (13) for the passage of electrical cables (18);
- le document D3 décrit un système de recouvrement pour l'agencement, sur une surface, par exemple d'un bâtiment, d'un ou plusieurs éléments tels que des panneaux solaires, des collecteurs thermiques solaires et/ou des tuiles de toiture ; ledit système comprenant un premier côté apte à former une paroi interne du bâtiment et un deuxième côté, opposé au premier, apte, de par sa forme, à supporter lesdits éléments de toiture ; ledit système étant directement rattachable à un bâtiment dans le but de former le toit.  document D3 describes a covering system for the arrangement, on a surface, for example of a building, of one or more elements such as solar panels, solar thermal collectors and / or roof tiles; said system comprising a first side adapted to form an inner wall of the building and a second side, opposite to the first, adapted, by its shape, to support said roof elements; said system being directly connectable to a building for the purpose of forming the roof.
RESUME DE L'INVENTION  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
L'invention vise à réaliser une couverture photovoltaïque présentant des caractéristiques nouvelles et originales et dont le but principal est de supprimer les inconvénients susmentionnés tout en introduisant des avantages nouveaux liés à la conception même de la structure de ladite couverture.  The invention aims to achieve a photovoltaic cover with new and original features and whose main purpose is to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks while introducing new advantages related to the very design of the structure of said cover.
Le problème que la présente invention se propose de résoudre peut être considéré comme :  The problem that the present invention proposes to solve can be considered as:
- réduisant les coûts de fabrication et d'installation ;  - reducing manufacturing and installation costs;
- améliorant la fiabilité des couvertures et la sécurité sur le chantier.  - improving the reliability of the covers and the safety on the site.
A cet effet, la couverture selon l'invention se caractérise essentiellement en ce qu'elle est réalisée par la juxtaposition latérale de sous-ensembles, préfabriqués et câblés en usine, conçus, chacun, à partir d'une structure métallique constituée de profilés longitudinaux adaptés pour maintenir : For this purpose, the cover according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it is produced by the lateral juxtaposition of subsets, prefabricated and wired in the factory, each designed from a metal structure consisting of longitudinal sections. adapted to maintain:
- un nombre de modules photovoltaïques permettant de recouvrir la longueur du pan de toiture à équiper et ce sur une largeur comprenant un nombre bien déterminé desdits modules ;  a number of photovoltaic modules making it possible to cover the length of the roof panel to be equipped and this over a width comprising a well-defined number of said modules;
- des tôles délimitant, avec le dessous des modules photovoltaïques, une lame d'air destinée au refroidissement desdits modules ;  sheets delimiting, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules, an air gap intended for cooling said modules;
- un isolant thermique occupant le volume compris entre lesdites tôles et des profilés plats solidaires également desdits profilés longitudinaux ; et pour relier latéralement des sous-ensembles consécutifs entre eux. - A thermal insulation occupying the volume between said sheets and flat profiles also integral with said longitudinal sections; and to laterally connect consecutive subsets between them.
Les sous-ensembles en question arrivent ainsi directement sur le chantier, entièrement montés et câblés, et sont posés directement sur les pannes au moyen d'engins de levage.  The subassemblies in question arrive directly on site, fully assembled and wired, and are placed directly on the purlins by means of lifting gear.
Indépendamment des avantages liés à la sécurité sur le chantier et à la fiabilité de tels sous-ensembles, la durée du chantier est fortement diminuée. En effet, pour un chantier de surface photovoltaïque d'environ 2000 m2, la durée de l'installation est d'environ 2 semaines (avec dépose de la toiture existante hors présence d'amiante) contre 10 semaines dans la technique connue la plus proche exposée ci-avant et ce avec un temps de préparation en atelier de 4 semaines. Regardless of the safety benefits on the job site and the reliability of such subassemblies, the duration of the project is greatly reduced. Indeed, for a photovoltaic construction site of about 2000 m 2 , the duration of the installation is about 2 weeks (with removal of the existing roof excluding the presence of asbestos) against 10 weeks in the known technique the most close exposed above and this with a preparation time in workshop of 4 weeks.
En outre les coûts de réalisation en atelier sont moindres que sur un chantier car les conditions de travail sont améliorées et peuvent même aller jusqu'à l'automatisation de certaines tâches.  In addition the costs of realization in workshop are less than on a building site because the working conditions are improved and can even go up to the automation of some tasks.
D'autres avantages découlent de la conception même de la structure métallique porteuse des modules photovoltaïques car elle intègre divers éléments liés :  Other advantages derive from the very design of the metal structure carrying the photovoltaic modules because it integrates various related elements:
- au refroidissement par air et/ou par eau des modules photovoltaïques afin d'en accroître le rendement tout en récupérant les calories captées pour par exemple chauffer le bâtiment au moyen par exemple d'échangeurs ou de pompes à chaleur ; air and / or water cooling of the photovoltaic modules in order to increase their efficiency while recovering the calories captured, for example by heating the building by means of exchangers or heat pumps for example;
- à l'isolation thermique, à l'étanchéité, à la fixation aux pannes, à la facilité d'assemblage des sous-ensembles entre eux et d'interconnexion électrique, etc. the thermal insulation, the sealing, the fixing to breakdowns, the ease of assembly of the subassemblies between them and electrical interconnection, etc.
A cet effet, la structure métallique, selon l'invention, se caractérise également en ce qu'elle est réalisée au moyen :  For this purpose, the metal structure according to the invention is also characterized in that it is produced by:
a) de profilés longitudinaux creux intermédiaires comprenant : a) intermediate longitudinal hollow sections comprising:
- en partie haute, une surface adaptée pour supporter les modules photovoltaïques juxtaposés ;  - In the upper part, a surface adapted to support juxtaposed photovoltaic modules;
- en dessous de ladite partie haute, deux ailettes adaptées pour supporter des traverses hautes ;  - below said upper part, two fins adapted to support high sleepers;
- en partie intermédiaire, deux ailettes symétriques adaptées pour supporter des tôles qui délimitent, avec le dessous des modules photovoltaïques, une lame d'air destinée au refroidissement desdits modules ;  in the intermediate part, two symmetrical fins adapted to support sheets which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules, an air gap intended for cooling said modules;
- en partie basse, deux ailettes symétriques adaptées pour, d'une part, maintenir un isolant thermique qui occupe le volume compris entre les tôles précédentes et des profilés plats solidaires desdites ailettes et pour, d'autre part, supporter des pièces de fixation de la structure métallique aux pannes de la charpente ;  - In the lower part, two symmetrical fins adapted to, firstly, maintain a thermal insulation that occupies the volume between the previous plates and flat profiles integral with said fins and, secondly, to support fasteners of the metallic structure to the breakdowns of the frame;
b) de profilés longitudinaux creux d'extrémité ou de liaison, comprenant : - en partie haute, une surface adaptée pour supporter les modules photovoltaïques juxtaposés ; b) longitudinal hollow end or connecting sections, comprising: - In the upper part, a surface adapted to support juxtaposed photovoltaic modules;
- en dessous de ladite partie haute, une ailette adaptée pour supporter les traverses hautes précédentes ;  - below said upper part, a fin adapted to support the previous high sleepers;
- en partie intermédiaire, une ailette adaptée pour supporter les tôles précédentes qui délimitent, avec le dessous des modules photovoltaïques, la lame d'air destinée au refroidissement desdits modules ; - In the intermediate part, a fin adapted to support the previous sheets which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules, the air gap for cooling said modules;
- en partie basse, une ailette adaptée pour maintenir l'isolant thermique qui occupe le volume compris entre les tôles et les profilés plats solidaires de ladite ailette ;  - In the lower part, a fin adapted to maintain the thermal insulation which occupies the volume between the sheets and the flat profiles integral with said fin;
c) de traverses basses, constituées de tubes creux, soudées aux profils longitudinaux intermédiaires et d'extrémité ; c) low cross members, consisting of hollow tubes welded to the intermediate and end longitudinal profiles;
d) de parcloses longitudinales, transversales et d'extrémité, assurant la fixation des modules photovoltaïques à la structure par l'intermédiaire de joints d'étanchéité. d) longitudinal, transverse and end glazing beads, fixing the photovoltaic modules to the structure by means of gaskets.
Selon des modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention : According to particular embodiments of the invention:
- les profilés longitudinaux d'extrémité ou de liaison comportent une encoche permettant l'accrochage des crochets de levage servant à la mise en place des sous- ensembles préfabriqués constitués de la structure métallique rigide, des modules photovoltaïques et des diverses pièces associées ; - The longitudinal end or connecting sections comprise a notch for hooking the lifting hooks used for the establishment of prefabricated subassemblies consisting of the rigid metal structure, photovoltaic modules and various associated parts;
- la rangée supérieure de modules photovoltaïques est remplacée par une rangée de modules photovoltaïques transparents ou qui comportent une partie centrale transparente destinée à l'éclairage zénithal du bâtiment et/ou par des ouvrants d'évacuation des fumées ;  the upper row of photovoltaic modules is replaced by a row of transparent photovoltaic modules or which comprise a transparent central part intended for the zenith lighting of the building and / or by smoke evacuation openings;
- les lames d'air des sous-ensembles constituant la couverture du bâtiment sont aspirées au faîtage de la toiture au moyen de turbines et collectées par une canalisation centrale ;  the air slats of the subassemblies constituting the roof of the building are sucked into the ridge of the roof by means of turbines and collected by a central pipe;
- les profilés longitudinaux intermédiaires et d'extrémité ou de liaison, comportent des pièces, destinés à supporter des canalisations perforées adaptées pour pulvériser de l'eau au dessus des modules photovoltaïques ;  - The longitudinal intermediate and end or connecting sections, comprise parts for supporting perforated pipes adapted to spray water above the photovoltaic modules;
- l'eau utilisée est principalement de l'eau de pluie récupérée par des gouttières placées en bordure de toiture et stockée à proximité.  - the water used is mainly rainwater collected by gutters placed at the edge of the roof and stored nearby.
PRESENTATION DES FIGURES  PRESENTATION OF FIGURES
Les caractéristiques et les avantages de l'invention vont apparaître plus clairement à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit d'au moins un mode de réalisation préféré de celle-ci donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté aux dessins annexés.  The features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the detailed description which follows of at least one preferred embodiment thereof given by way of non-limiting example and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Sur ces dessins : - la figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble partielle, en perspective, d'une couverture selon l'invention en cours de montage sur un bâtiment ; On these drawings: - Figure 1 is a partial overall view, in perspective, of a cover according to the invention being mounted on a building;
- la figure 2 est une vue, en coupe transversale, d'un sous-ensemble au niveau d'un profilé intermédiaire ;  - Figure 2 is a view, in cross section, of a subassembly at an intermediate section;
- la figure 3 est une vue, en coupe transversale, d'un sous-ensemble au niveau d'un profilé de liaison ; FIG. 3 is a view, in cross-section, of a subassembly at the level of a connecting section;
- la figure 4 est une vue, en coupe transversale, d'un sous-ensemble au niveau d'un profilé d'extrémité ;  - Figure 4 is a view, in cross section, of a subassembly at an end section;
- la figure 5 est une vue, en coupe transversale, d'un sous-ensemble comportant 3 modules photovoltaïques sur la largeur ;  FIG. 5 is a view, in cross section, of a subassembly comprising 3 photovoltaic modules over the width;
- la figure 6 est une vue, en coupe longitudinale, du sous-ensemble de la figure 5 ; FIG. 6 is a view, in longitudinal section, of the subassembly of FIG. 5;
- la figure 7 est une vue de détail, en coupe longitudinale, de la partie du sous- ensemble comportant la pièce de fixation de sa structure à une panne de la charpente ;- Figure 7 is a detailed view, in longitudinal section, of the part of the subassembly comprising the fastener of its structure to a failure of the frame;
- la figure 8 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un bâtiment porteur de la couverture photovoltaïque selon l'invention, mettant en évidence le circuit de refroidissement par air des modules photovoltaïques ; - Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a building carrying the photovoltaic cover according to the invention, highlighting the air cooling circuit of the photovoltaic modules;
- la figure 9 est une vue de détail, en coupe transversale, d'un profilé intermédiaire porteur d'une canalisation perforée d'arrosage du dessus des modules photovoltaïques ;  - Figure 9 is a detail view, in cross section, of an intermediate profile carrying a perforated watering pipe from above the photovoltaic modules;
- la figure 10 est une vue d'ensemble, en coupe transversale, des canalisations perforées d'arrosage du dessus des modules photovoltaïques. - Figure 10 is an overall view, in cross section, perforated watering pipes from above photovoltaic modules.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La couverture photovoltaïque destinée à être intégrée à un bâtiment à usage professionnel ou d'habitation ou à des abris de type ombrière, est du genre comprenant :  The photovoltaic cover intended to be integrated into a building for professional or residential use or to shelters of the shade type, is of the type comprising:
- une juxtaposition longitudinale et transversale de modules (1) pourvus d'une pluralité de cellules photovoltaïques (11) ;  a longitudinal and transverse juxtaposition of modules (1) provided with a plurality of photovoltaic cells (11);
- une structure (2) porteuse desdits modules et destinée à être fixée aux pannes (3) d'une charpente de toiture ;  a structure (2) carrying said modules and intended to be fixed to the purlins (3) of a roof structure;
- des câbles et des jeux de connexions. - cables and connection sets.
Selon les caractéristiques de base de l'invention, ladite couverture est réalisée (figure 1) par la juxtaposition latérale de sous-ensembles (1 ,2), préfabriqués et câblés en usine, comprenant, chacun, au moins :  According to the basic characteristics of the invention, said cover is made (FIG. 1) by the lateral juxtaposition of subsets (1, 2), prefabricated and wired in the factory, each comprising at least:
- une pluralité de modules photovoltaïques (1) ; - une structure métallique rigide (2) dont la largeur est conçue pour supporter un nombre bien défini de modules photovoltaïques (1), par exemple trois, et dont la longueur est déterminée pour supporter un nombre de modules photovoltaïques (1) permettant de recouvrir, en fonction de l'application, la longueur du pan de toiture concerné. a plurality of photovoltaic modules (1); a rigid metal structure (2) whose width is designed to support a well-defined number of photovoltaic modules (1), for example three, and whose length is determined to support a number of photovoltaic modules (1) for covering, depending on the application, the length of the roof section concerned.
Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, la structure métallique (2) est réalisée (figures 2 et 3) au moyen :  According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the metal structure (2) is produced (FIGS. 2 and 3) by means of:
a) de profilés longitudinaux creux intermédiaires (21) comprenant : a) intermediate longitudinal hollow sections (21) comprising:
- en partie haute, une surface (211) adaptée pour supporter les modules photovoltaïques (1 ) juxtaposés ; - In the upper part, a surface (211) adapted to support the photovoltaic modules (1) juxtaposed;
- en dessous de ladite partie haute, deux ailettes (212) adaptées pour supporter des traverses hautes (213) ;  - below said upper part, two fins (212) adapted to support high sleepers (213);
- en partie intermédiaire, deux ailettes symétriques (214) adaptées pour supporter des tôles (215) qui délimitent, avec le dessous des modules photovoltaïques (1), une lame d'air (216) destinée au refroidissement desdits modules ;  - In the intermediate part, two symmetrical fins (214) adapted to support sheets (215) which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules (1), an air gap (216) for cooling said modules;
- en partie basse, deux ailettes symétriques (217) adaptées pour, d'une part, maintenir un isolant thermique (218) qui occupe le volume compris entre les tôles (215) et des profilés plats (219) solidaires desdites ailettes et pour, d'autre part, supporter des pièces (4) de fixation de la structure (2) aux pannes (3) de la charpente ;  - In the lower part, two symmetrical fins (217) adapted to, firstly, maintain a thermal insulation (218) which occupies the volume between the sheets (215) and flat sections (219) integral with said fins and for, on the other hand, supporting parts (4) for fixing the structure (2) to the purlins (3) of the frame;
b) de profilés longitudinaux creux d'extrémité ou de liaison (23), comprenant : b) longitudinal hollow end or connecting sections (23), comprising:
- en partie haute, une surface (231) adaptée pour supporter les modules photovoltaïques (1) juxtaposés ;  - In the upper part, a surface (231) adapted to support the photovoltaic modules (1) juxtaposed;
- en dessous de ladite partie haute, une ailette (232) adaptée pour supporter les traverses hautes (213) ;  - below said upper part, a fin (232) adapted to support the upper sleepers (213);
- en partie intermédiaire, une ailette (233) adaptée pour supporter les tôles (215) qui délimitent, avec le dessous des modules photovoltaïques (1), la lame d'air (216) destinée au refroidissement desdits modules ; - In the intermediate part, a fin (233) adapted to support the sheets (215) which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules (1), the air gap (216) for cooling said modules;
- en partie basse, une ailette (234) adaptée pour maintenir l'isolant thermique (218) qui occupe le volume compris entre les tôles (215) et les profilés plats (219) solidaires de ladite ailette ;  - In the lower part, a fin (234) adapted to maintain the thermal insulation (218) occupying the volume between the sheets (215) and the flat sections (219) integral with said fin;
c) de traverses basses (24), constituées de tubes creux, soudées aux profils longitudinaux intermédiaires (21) et d'extrémité (23) ; c) low cross members (24), consisting of hollow tubes, welded to the intermediate longitudinal profiles (21) and end (23);
d) de parcloses longitudinales (25), transversales (26) et d'extrémité (27), assurant la fixation des modules photovoltaïques (1) à la structure (2) par l'intermédiaire de joints d'étanchéité (28). L'étanchéité entre les extrémités de la tôle (215) et les ailettes (214) du profilé longitudinal intermédiaire (21) ainsi que celle (233) du profilé longitudinal d'extrémité (23), est réalisée au moyen de joints flexibles (29). d) longitudinal beads (25), transverse (26) and end (27), fixing the photovoltaic modules (1) to the structure (2) by means of seals (28). The sealing between the ends of the sheet (215) and the fins (214) of the intermediate longitudinal profile (21) and that (233) of the longitudinal end profile (23) is achieved by means of flexible joints (29). ).
L'étanchéité entre deux profilés longitudinaux d'extrémité ou de liaison (23), est réalisée au moyen de joints compressibles (30).  The sealing between two longitudinal end or connecting sections (23) is achieved by means of compressible joints (30).
Selon des caractéristiques additionnelles de l'invention :  According to additional features of the invention:
- les profilés longitudinaux d'extrémité ou de liaison (23) comportent (figure 3) une encoche permettant l'accrochage de crochets de levage (31) servant à la mise en place des sous-ensembles préfabriqués constitués de la structure métallique rigide (2), des modules photovoltaïques (1) et des diverses pièces associées ;  - The longitudinal end or connecting sections (23) comprise (Figure 3) a notch for the hooking of lifting hooks (31) for the introduction of prefabricated subassemblies consisting of the rigid metal structure (2). ), photovoltaic modules (1) and various associated parts;
- les profilés longitudinaux d'extrémité (23) comportent (figure 4) des tôles de rives (32) maintenues par des pièces (33) fixées auxdits profilés ;  - The longitudinal end sections (23) comprise (Figure 4) of the edge plates (32) held by parts (33) fixed to said profiles;
- des tôles de rattrapage basse (34) et haute (35) sont insérées (figures 5 et 6) dans les éléments préfabriqués lorsque la longueur du pan de toiture ne correspond pas à un nombre entier de modules photovoltaïques (1) ;  - Low (34) and high (35) catch-up plates are inserted (Figures 5 and 6) into the prefabricated elements when the length of the roof panel does not correspond to an integer number of photovoltaic modules (1);
- la rangée supérieure de modules photovoltaïques (1) est remplacée (figures 5 et 6) par une rangée de modules photovoltaïques (12) transparents ou qui comportent une partie centrale transparente destinée à l'éclairage zénithal du bâtiment ;  the top row of photovoltaic modules (1) is replaced (FIGS. 5 and 6) by a row of transparent photovoltaic modules (12) or which comprise a transparent central part intended for the zenith lighting of the building;
- la rangée supérieure de modules photovoltaïques (1) est remplacée par une rangée de modules photovoltaïques (12) transparents ou qui comportent une partie centrale transparente destinée à l'éclairage zénithal du bâtiment et par des ouvrants (36) d'évacuation des fumées (figure 1) ;  the upper row of photovoltaic modules (1) is replaced by a row of transparent photovoltaic modules (12) or which comprise a transparent central part intended for the zenith lighting of the building and fume evacuation openings (36) ( figure 1) ;
- les lames d'air (216) des sous-ensembles (1 ,2) constituant la couverture du bâtiment, sont aspirées (figure 8) au faîtage de la toiture au moyen de turbines (37) et collectées par une canalisation centrale (38) ;  the air knives (216) of the subsets (1, 2) constituting the roof of the building are sucked (FIG. 8) at the ridge of the roof by means of turbines (37) and collected by a central pipe (38); );
- les profilés longitudinaux intermédiaires (21) et d'extrémité ou de liaison (23) comportent (figures 9 et 10) des pièces (39) destinés à supporter des canalisations perforées (40) adaptées pour pulvériser de l'eau au dessus des modules photovoltaïques (1) ;  - The intermediate longitudinal profiles (21) and end or link (23) comprise (Figures 9 and 10) parts (39) for supporting perforated pipes (40) adapted to spray water over the modules photovoltaic (1);
- l'eau utilisée est principalement de l'eau de pluie récupérée (figure 9) par des gouttières (41) placées en bordure de la toiture et stockée à proximité. - The water used is mainly rainwater recovered (Figure 9) by gutters (41) placed at the edge of the roof and stored nearby.
A titre d'exemple non limitatif : By way of non-limiting example:
- les modules (1) sont réalisés au moyen de deux plaques de verre, prenant en sandwich des cellules photovoltaïques (11), ayant par exemple pour dimensions : 800 x 1600 mm ; - l'isolant thermique (218) est semi-rigide et est équipé d'un pare vapeur ; - The modules (1) are made by means of two glass plates, sandwiching photovoltaic cells (11), having for example for dimensions: 800 x 1600 mm; the thermal insulation (218) is semi-rigid and is equipped with a vapor barrier;
- l'air destiné à refroidir les modules (1) peut être pris en hiver à l'extérieur et en été dans un puits dit « provençal » ;  - The air intended to cool the modules (1) can be taken in winter outside and in summer in a so-called "Provençal" well;
- des rivets (41) servent à la fixation de diverses pièces plates comme des tôles ;  rivets (41) are used for fixing various flat parts such as sheets;
- des boulons (42) servent à la fixation des profilés d'extrémité ou de liaison (23) et également a la fixation des modules entre eux au faitage du bâtiment ; - bolts (42) are used for fixing the end profiles or connection (23) and also for fixing the modules together to the building;
- les parcloses (27) comportent des joints de maintien (43) ;  the glazing beads (27) comprise holding joints (43);
- les profilés d'extrémité ou de liaison (23) comportent des joints de calage (44) L'exemple représenté correspond à un bâtiment industriel à ossature béton. Les moyens de fixation de la couverture aux pannes est donc spécifique à cette application. Il en est de même pour la pente de la toiture. Bien entendu, l'invention est applicable à tout type de bâtiment ou de toiture.  - The end profiles or connection (23) comprise wedging joints (44) The example shown is an industrial building with concrete frame. The means for fixing the cover to failures is therefore specific to this application. It is the same for the slope of the roof. Of course, the invention is applicable to any type of building or roof.
De même, le rajout d'un solin longitudinal en plomb fixé sur les profilés d'extrémité permettra d'intégrer l'invention à tout type de toiture.  Similarly, the addition of a longitudinal lead flashing attached to the end profiles will integrate the invention to any type of roof.
Bien qu'initialement conçu pour le domaine photovoltaïque, la couverture selon l'invention pourrait voir son application étendue à d'autres domaines et plus particulièrement au domaine thermique. Although initially designed for the photovoltaic field, the cover according to the invention could see its application extended to other areas and more particularly to the thermal field.
Bien entendu, l'homme de métier sera apte à réaliser l'invention telle que décrite et représentée en appliquant et en adaptant des moyens connus sans qu'il soit nécessaire de les décrire ou de les représenter.  Of course, those skilled in the art will be able to carry out the invention as described and represented by applying and adapting known means without it being necessary to describe them or to represent them.
Il pourra également prévoir d'autres variantes sans pour cela sortir du cadre de l'invention qui est déterminé par la teneur des revendications.  It may also provide other variants without departing from the scope of the invention which is determined by the content of the claims.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1- Couverture photovoltaïque destinée à être intégrée à un bâtiment à usage professionnel ou d'habitation ou à des abris de type ombrière, comprenant : Photovoltaic coverage intended to be integrated into a building for professional or residential use or shelters of the shade type, comprising:
- une juxtaposition longitudinale et transversale de modules (1 ) pourvus d'une pluralité de cellules photovoltaïques (11) ;  a longitudinal and transverse juxtaposition of modules (1) provided with a plurality of photovoltaic cells (11);
- une structure (2), porteuse desdits modules, destinée à être fixée aux pannes (3) d'une charpente de toiture ; a structure (2), carrying said modules, intended to be fixed to the purlins (3) of a roof structure;
- des câbles et des jeux de connexions ;  - cables and connection sets;
caractérisée en ce qu'elle est réalisée par la juxtaposition latérale de sous-ensembles, préfabriqués et câblés en usine, conçus, chacun, à partir d'une structure métallique (2) constituée de profilés longitudinaux (21 ,23) adaptés pour maintenir : characterized in that it is produced by the lateral juxtaposition of subsets, prefabricated and wired in the factory, each designed from a metal structure (2) consisting of longitudinal sections (21, 23) adapted to maintain:
- un nombre de modules photovoltaïques (1 ) permettant de recouvrir la longueur du pan de toiture à équiper et ce sur une largeur comprenant un nombre bien déterminé desdits modules ;  a number of photovoltaic modules (1) making it possible to cover the length of the roof panel to be equipped and this over a width comprising a well-defined number of said modules;
- des tôles (215) délimitant, avec le dessous des modules photovoltaïques (1), une lame d'air (216) destinée au refroidissement desdits modules ;  sheets (215) delimiting, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules (1), an air gap (216) for cooling said modules;
- un isolant thermique (218) occupant le volume compris entre lesdites tôles (215) et des profilés plats (219) solidaires également desdits profilés longitudinaux (21 ,23) ; et pour relier latéralement des sous-ensembles consécutifs entre eux.  - a thermal insulator (218) occupying the volume between said sheets (215) and flat profiles (219) also integral with said longitudinal sections (21, 23); and to laterally connect consecutive subsets between them.
2- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que la structure métallique (2) est réalisée au moyen :  2- solar cover according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal structure (2) is produced by:
a) de profilés longitudinaux creux intermédiaires (21 ) comprenant : a) intermediate longitudinal hollow sections (21) comprising:
- en partie haute, une surface (211) adaptée pour supporter les modules photovoltaïques (1 ) juxtaposés ;  - In the upper part, a surface (211) adapted to support the photovoltaic modules (1) juxtaposed;
- en dessous de ladite partie haute, deux ailettes (212) adaptées pour supporter des traverses hautes (213) ;  - below said upper part, two fins (212) adapted to support high sleepers (213);
- en partie intermédiaire, deux ailettes symétriques (214) adaptées pour supporter des tôles (215) qui délimitent, avec le dessous des modules photovoltaïques (1 ), une lame d'air (216) destinée au refroidissement desdits modules ;  - In the intermediate part, two symmetrical fins (214) adapted to support sheets (215) which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules (1), an air gap (216) for cooling said modules;
- en partie basse, deux ailettes symétriques (217) adaptées pour, d'une part, maintenir un isolant thermique (218) qui occupe le volume compris entre les tôles (215) et des profilés plats (219) solidaires desdites ailettes et pour, d'autre part, supporter des pièces (4) de fixation de la structure (2) aux pannes (3) de la charpente ;  - In the lower part, two symmetrical fins (217) adapted to, firstly, maintain a thermal insulation (218) which occupies the volume between the sheets (215) and flat sections (219) integral with said fins and for, on the other hand, supporting parts (4) for fixing the structure (2) to the purlins (3) of the frame;
b) de profilés longitudinaux creux d'extrémité ou de liaison (23), comprenant : b) longitudinal hollow end or connecting sections (23), comprising:
- en partie haute, une surface (231) adaptée pour supporter les modules photovoltaïques (1) juxtaposés ; - en dessous de ladite partie haute, une ailette (232) adaptée pour supporter les traverses hautes (213) ; - In the upper part, a surface (231) adapted to support the photovoltaic modules (1) juxtaposed; - below said upper part, a fin (232) adapted to support the upper sleepers (213);
- en partie intermédiaire, une ailette (233) adaptée pour supporter les tôles (215) qui délimitent, avec le dessous des modules photovoltaïques (1 ), la lame d'air (216) destinée au refroidissement desdits modules ;  - In the intermediate part, a fin (233) adapted to support the sheets (215) which delimit, with the underside of the photovoltaic modules (1), the air gap (216) for cooling said modules;
- en partie basse, une ailette (234) adaptée pour maintenir l'isolant thermique (218) qui occupe le volume compris entre les tôles (215) et les profilés plats (219) solidaires de ladite ailette ;  - In the lower part, a fin (234) adapted to maintain the thermal insulation (218) occupying the volume between the sheets (215) and the flat sections (219) integral with said fin;
c) de traverses basses (24), constituées de tubes creux, soudées aux profils longitudinaux intermédiaires (21) et d'extrémité (23) ; c) low cross members (24), consisting of hollow tubes, welded to the intermediate longitudinal profiles (21) and end (23);
d) de parcloses longitudinales (25), transversales (26) et d'extrémité (27), assurant la fixation des modules photovoltaïques (1 ) à la structure (2) par l'intermédiaire de joints d'étanchéité (28). d) longitudinal beads (25), transverse (26) and end (27), fixing the photovoltaic modules (1) to the structure (2) by means of seals (28).
3- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'étanchéité entre les extrémités de la tôle (215) et les ailettes (214) du profilé longitudinal intermédiaire (21) ainsi que celle (233) du profilé longitudinal d'extrémité (23), est réalisée au moyen de joints flexibles (29).  3- solar cover, according to claim 2, characterized in that the seal between the ends of the sheet (215) and the fins (214) of the intermediate longitudinal profile (21) and that (233) of the longitudinal profile of end (23) is made by means of flexible joints (29).
4- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'étanchéité entre deux profilés longitudinaux d'extrémité ou de liaison (23), est réalisée au moyen de joints compressibles (30).  4- solar cover, according to claim 2, characterized in that the seal between two longitudinal end or connecting sections (23) is formed by means of compressible seals (30).
5- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les profilés longitudinaux d'extrémité ou de liaison (23) comportent une encoche permettant l'accrochage de crochets de levage (31 ) servant à la mise en place des sous-ensembles préfabriqués constitués de la structure métallique rigide (2), des modules photovoltaïques (1) et des diverses pièces associées.  5- solar cover according to claim 2, characterized in that the longitudinal end or connecting sections (23) comprise a notch for hooking lifting hooks (31) for the establishment of subassemblies prefabricated made of rigid metal structure (2), photovoltaic modules (1) and various associated parts.
6- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les profilés longitudinaux d'extrémité (23) comportent des tôles de rives (32) maintenues par des pièces (33) fixées auxdits profilés.  6- solar cover, according to claim 2, characterized in that the longitudinal end sections (23) comprise strip plates (32) held by parts (33) fixed to said profiles.
7- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que des tôles de rattrapage basse (34) et haute (35) sont insérées dans les éléments préfabriqués lorsque la longueur du pan de toiture ne correspond pas à un nombre entier de modules photovoltaïques (1).  7- solar cover, according to claim 2, characterized in that low catch plates (34) and high (35) are inserted into the prefabricated elements when the length of the roof pan does not correspond to a whole number of photovoltaic modules (1).
8- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la rangée supérieure de modules photovoltaïques (1) est remplacée par une rangée de modules photovoltaïques (12) transparents ou qui comportent une partie centrale transparente destinée à l'éclairage zénithal du bâtiment. 8- solar cover according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper row of photovoltaic modules (1) is replaced by a row of photovoltaic modules (12) which are transparent or which comprise a transparent central part intended for the zenith lighting of the building.
9- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la rangée supérieure de modules photovoltaïques (1) est remplacée par une rangée de modules photovoltaïques (12) transparents ou qui comportent une partie centrale transparente destinée à l'éclairage zénithal du bâtiment et par des ouvrants (36) d'évacuation des fumées.  9- solar cover, according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper row of photovoltaic modules (1) is replaced by a row of photovoltaic modules (12) transparent or which comprise a transparent central portion for the zenith lighting of the building and by opening (36) fumes evacuation.
10- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les lames d'air (216) des sous-ensembles (1 ,2) constituant la couverture du bâtiment, sont aspirées au faîtage de la toiture au moyen de turbines (37) et collectées par une canalisation centrale (38).  10- solar cover, according to claim 2, characterized in that the air blades (216) of the subsets (1, 2) constituting the building cover, are sucked to the ridge of the roof by means of turbines (37 ) and collected by a central pipe (38).
11- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les profilés longitudinaux intermédiaires (21) et d'extrémité ou de liaison (23) comportent des pièces (39) destinés à supporter des canalisations perforées (40) adaptées pour pulvériser de l'eau au dessus des modules photovoltaïques (1).  11- solar cover, according to claim 2, characterized in that the intermediate longitudinal profiles (21) and end or connecting (23) comprise parts (39) for supporting perforated channels (40) adapted to spray of the water above the photovoltaic modules (1).
12- Couverture solaire, selon la revendication 11 , caractérisée en ce que l'eau utilisée est principalement de l'eau de pluie récupérée par des gouttières (41) placées en bordure de la toiture et stockée à proximité.  12- solar cover, according to claim 11, characterized in that the water used is mainly rainwater recovered by gutters (41) placed at the edge of the roof and stored nearby.
EP10781925A 2009-10-07 2010-10-06 Built-in prefabricated photovoltaic cover Withdrawn EP2486601A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0904799A FR2950911B1 (en) 2009-10-07 2009-10-07 INTEGRATED PREFABRICATED PHOTOVOLTAIC COVERAGE
PCT/FR2010/000665 WO2011042625A2 (en) 2009-10-07 2010-10-06 Built-in prefabricated photovoltaic cover

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EP2486601A2 true EP2486601A2 (en) 2012-08-15

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WO (1) WO2011042625A2 (en)

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EP2626651A1 (en) * 2012-02-07 2013-08-14 Pierluigi Carini Photovoltaic plant
NL2012070C2 (en) * 2014-01-09 2015-07-13 Scx Solar B V PREFABRICATED ROOF ELEMENT WITH AT LEAST ONE SOLAR PANEL, CONSTRUCTION WORK AND METHOD.
UA118883C2 (en) 2014-07-01 2019-03-25 Арселорміттал Panel provided with a photovoltaic device
US10547270B2 (en) 2016-02-12 2020-01-28 Solarcity Corporation Building integrated photovoltaic roofing assemblies and associated systems and methods
SE2251303A1 (en) * 2022-11-08 2024-05-09 Raymond Solar AB Prefabricated solar panel roof section
CN116307522B (en) * 2023-02-14 2024-01-30 广州佰仲企业管理顾问有限公司 Distributed photovoltaic power station material calculation method and system

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DE19902650A1 (en) * 1999-01-24 2000-07-27 Mueller Gerald Patrick Process for the recovery of solar energy comprises using a thin layer solar cell and removing thermal energy using an air heat exchanger or a water heat exchanger below the cell
EP1035591A1 (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-13 Coöperatief Advies en Onderzoeksburo u.a. Ecofys Cover system for arranging on a surface one or more solar elements such as solar panels and/or solar thermal collectors
ITTO20031035A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-06-24 Isolpack S P A INSULATION PANEL FOR BUILDING.

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FR2950911A1 (en) 2011-04-08
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FR2950911B1 (en) 2014-01-03
WO2011042625A3 (en) 2012-03-22

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