EP2486115B1 - Liquides electrorhéologiques avec des agents organiques à doter et l'utilisation de ces liquides - Google Patents

Liquides electrorhéologiques avec des agents organiques à doter et l'utilisation de ces liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2486115B1
EP2486115B1 EP10754897.6A EP10754897A EP2486115B1 EP 2486115 B1 EP2486115 B1 EP 2486115B1 EP 10754897 A EP10754897 A EP 10754897A EP 2486115 B1 EP2486115 B1 EP 2486115B1
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Prior art keywords
carbon
electrorheological fluid
particles
methyl
groups
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2486115A1 (fr
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Jochen Uebe
Holger Böse
Yanina Reichert
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/001—Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids
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    • C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
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    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
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    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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    • C10M2215/18—Containing nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds, e.g. hydrazine
    • C10M2215/182—Azo compounds
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    • C10M2215/204—Containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds containing nitroso groups
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
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    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
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    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
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    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel polymer-based electrorheological fluids (ERF) with organic dopants and uses thereof.
  • An ERF is generally a suspension which consists of electrically polarizable, finely divided solid particles in a hydrophobic, electrically non-conductive carrier liquid (eg. DE 39 41 232 A1 ).
  • a hydrophobic, electrically non-conductive carrier liquid eg. DE 39 41 232 A1 .
  • electrorheological fluids e.g. EP 0 824 128 B1
  • the polarization of the particles is due to the migration of ions, according to their charge, in an electric field along the field lines to the oppositely charged poles of the particles, whereby polarized particles thanks to their Dipol- or multipole forces chain-like structures in form a quiescent ERF, causing the ER activity.
  • ER activity is the change in rheological characteristics (viscosity, shear stress, yield point, etc.) due to the application of electric fields. In this case, within milliseconds, a reversible transition of ERF from the liquid to the gel or solid state takes place, ie after
  • ERF electrorheological fluids
  • polyurethane-based electrorheological fluids eg. EP 0 824 128 B1
  • polyurethane-based electrorheological fluids eg. EP 0 824 128 B1
  • polyurethane-based electrorheological fluids eg. EP 0 824 128 B1
  • polyurethane-based electrorheological fluids eg. EP 0 824 128 B1
  • polymer-based ERFs do not show too much electrorheological activity (e.g. EP 0 964 053 A2 ).
  • ERF electrospray etching
  • salt-doped particles can also cause corrosion at the electrodes.
  • an ERF works with a chloride-containing salt ( EP 0 824 128 B1 ) corrosive to steel electrodes.
  • the ERFs are preferably developed individually for specific applications.
  • the ER activity can be strongly influenced by the choice of the disperse phase and by the doping of the disperse phase.
  • a known ERF with 0.07 wt .-% lithium chloride-doped polyurethane particles (EP 0 824 128 B1 ) has a high shear stress of about 4000 Pa, but also a high current density of about 80 ⁇ A / cm 2 at DC voltage, a temperature of 40 ° C, a field strength of 4 kV / mm and a shear rate of 1000 s -1 , The further increase in temperature leads to even higher current density and a decrease in the ER activity.
  • the lower temperature limit of the ER activity is about 0 ° C.
  • ERF also has a corrosive effect on steel electrodes, which leads to rapid wear of the components and, as a result, to a decrease in ER activity.
  • the use of inorganic salts other than doping of the PUR particles did not reduce the temperature dependence of the ER activity. There was only a shift in the working temperature range with continued high conductivity.
  • ERF from other polymer particles based on polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole and other commercially available ERF (eg. EP 0 964 053 A2 ) show a little less temperature-dependent ER activity, but the achievable shear stresses are very low. Thus, there is no ERF that has excellent ER activity in a broad temperature range and at the same time a low base viscosity without field.
  • electrorheological fluids are known based on cross-linked, sulfonated methacrylic polymers having a particle size of a few micrometers and doped with a methacryloyl-functional siloxane.
  • the electrorheological fluids also use silicone oil as the carrier fluid.
  • EP 0 543 377 A1 electro-rheological fluids based on dispersions of polysiloxane particles doped with trimellitic acid; also silicone oil is used as the carrier phase.
  • US 5,879,582 describes electrorheological fluids based on a dispersion of cellulose particles coated with polyaniline or Polypyrrole derivatives were doped.
  • the carrier phase used is silicone oil, which additionally contains ethylene glycol and a surfactant.
  • an electrorheological fluid which contains at least one sort of particles and at least one polar or electrically polarizable organic dopant in or on the particles, the particles being present in a carrier fluid.
  • Both the donor group D, the acceptor group A and the reactive functional group X are bound to the polyunsaturated radical ⁇ , so that the valency of the unsaturated radical amounts to x + y + z.
  • the aforementioned donor groups D and acceptor groups A are an electron donor and an electron acceptor, respectively. This refers to groups that can interact with the ⁇ -electron system of the rest of the molecule by delocalizing the nonbonding electron pairs or ⁇ -electrons of the substituent. But they can also be functional groups that have only a positive or negative inductive effect.
  • a donor group is a group which shifts the electron density of the ⁇ -electron system by a positive inductive effect (+ I effect) and / or by a positive resonance or mesomerism effect (+ R- or + M Effect) increases the electron density of the ⁇ -electron system.
  • the + I effect and the + M effect can occur both simultaneously and individually.
  • Examples are primary, secondary or tertiary amines, OH groups, SH groups, halogens (Hal), ethers, double bonds (between two carbon atoms or one carbon and one non-carbon atom (eg nitrogen) or between two of carbon different atoms), triple bonds (between two carbon atoms or a carbon atom and an atom other than carbon, or between two atoms other than carbon), alkyl, functionalized alkyl, aryl, functionalized aryl, heteroaryl, anionic groups, e.g. As methides or phenolates.
  • An acceptor group is a group which shifts the electron density of the ⁇ -electron system by a negative inductive effect (-I effect) and / or by a negative resonance or mesomerism effect (-R- or -M Effect) decreases the electron density of the ⁇ -electron system
  • -I effect and the -M-effect can occur both simultaneously and individually.
  • Examples include halogens (Ha1), aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, nitro groups, nitroso groups, esters, acids, (-COOH), amides (-CONH 2 ), acid halides (-COHal), sulfonic acids (-SO 3 H ), Sulfonic acid esters, CF 3 groups, aryls, heteroaryls, double bonds (between two carbon atoms or one carbon and one non-carbon atom (eg nitrogen) or between two carbon-different atoms), triple bonds (between two carbon atoms or one carbon atom) Carbon atom and an atom other than carbon or between two atoms other than carbon), carbocations or cationic groups such as carbon atoms.
  • halogens Ha1
  • aldehydes ketones, nitriles, nitro groups, nitroso groups, esters, acids, (-COOH), amides (-CONH 2 ), acid halides (-COHal), sul
  • the abovementioned reactive functional group X is preferably a group which is suitable for entering into a chemical bond with the particles and is in particular selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, primary or secondary amines, aldehydes, ketones, urethane groups, Urea groups and / or carboxyl groups.
  • the dopant are selected from the group consisting of o-, p- or m-nitroanisole, 1-methoxy-4-nitronaphthalene, o-, p- or m-nitroaniline, N, N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline, 2-methoxy-p-nitroaniline, 4-nitroacetanilide, N, N-dimethyl -m-nitroaniline, 4-nitro-1-naphthylamine, 1- (3-pyridinazo) -2-naphthol, 5 - [[4- (dimethylamino) phenyl] methylene] barbituric acid (4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzalbarbituric acid) , 5 - [[4- (Dimethylamino) phenyl] methylene] -2-thiobarbituric acid (4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzal-2-thiobarbituric acid), 4-dimethylamino
  • the dopant based on the total weight of the particles contained, contains between 0.01 and 40% by weight, preferably between 0.05 and 20% by weight, particularly preferably between 0.1 and 10% by weight is.
  • Preferred particle contents are between 1 and 70% by volume, preferably between 2 and 65% by volume, more preferably between 5 and 60% by volume.
  • the mean particle size d 50 is between 10 nm and 1 mm, preferably between 20 nm and 500 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 40 nm and 200 ⁇ m.
  • the particles used according to the invention in the electrorheological fluid are polymer particles which are polymers, preferably selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, polyureas, poly (urethane ureas), poly (urethane amides), poly (urea amides), poly (acrylic acid esters), poly (methacrylic esters) , Poly (urea-siloxanes), whose copolymers, Polybiureten, polyallophanates, copolymers of polyurethane and polyvinyl blocks contain or are formed therefrom.
  • electrorheological fluids according to the invention are characterized in that the dopant is chemically bound to the particles, wherein the particles include or consist of polymers. and the particles are suspended in the carrier liquid.
  • Preferred carrier fluids for the electrorheological fluid are selected from the group consisting of silicone oils, halogen- or phenyl-containing silicone oils, paraffins, halogenated hydrocarbons (eg chlorinated and / or fluorinated hydrocarbons), aromatic hydrocarbons, polyoxyalkylenes, perfluorinated polyethers, mineral oils, vegetable oils , Transformer oils, kerosene and / or mixtures thereof.
  • the electrorheological fluid may contain other additives such as dispersants, stabilizers, eg. B. against sedimentation, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, UV absorbers, etc.
  • additives such as dispersants, stabilizers, eg. B. against sedimentation, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, UV absorbers, etc.
  • the ERFs of the invention can be used in a variety of applications. These include adaptive shock, vibration and impact absorbers as well as electrically controllable clutches and brakes. Other applications are in sports and exercise equipment, in haptic systems such as controls and in devices for fixing objects such as workpieces to be machined.
  • the ERF according to the invention are thus technically widely used in transmitting and damping large forces using low electrical power in short periods, such.
  • clutches hydraulic valves, shock absorbers, vibration dampers or devices for positioning and fixing workpieces.
  • electrorheological fluids that can be prepared according to the invention can be used to generate and / or display haptic information such as forces, torques, characters, computer-simulated objects, sensor signals or images.
  • electrorheological fluids which can be prepared according to the invention can be used for the simulation of viscous, elastic and / or viscoelastic properties or the consistency distribution of an object, in particular for training and / or research purposes and / or for medical applications.
  • ERF electrowetting-on-semiconductor
  • sports rehabilitation and / or exercise equipment in haptic and / or tactile systems
  • controls in mechanical fixation devices, in hydraulic valves, for the simulation of viscous, elastic and / or visco-elastic properties, for simulating the consistency distribution of an object, for training and / or research purposes, in protective clothing and / or in medical applications, such.
  • the dopants used according to the invention may be dissolved or dispersed in the particles of the electrorheological fluid. However, they can also be chemically bound to the polymer matrix of the particles, which, however, makes a significant difference. Therefore, the dopants should contain additional functional groups that are suitable for attachment to the base polymer of the particles. Such functional groups may, for. As hydroxy, primary or secondary amines, aldehydes, ketones or COOH groups, these groups may be identical to the donor or acceptor group.
  • the chemical bond to the polymer matrix is always advantageous if the dopants used z. B. have a high toxicity. The linkage with the polymer thus prevents the diffusion of the compound from the particles. For this reason, two types of doping with the organic compounds according to the invention are generally distinguished: 1) Intermolecular interaction of the dopants in the particles; 2) chemical bonding to the base polymer of the particles.
  • Examples of the first type of organic doping are o-, p-, m-nitroanisole, 1-methoxy-4-nitronaphthalene, o-, p-, m-nitroaniline, N, N-dimethyl-p-nitroaniline, 2-methoxy p-nitroaniline, 4-nitroacetanilide, N, N-dimethyl-m-nitroaniline, 4-nitro-1-naphthylamine, 1- (3-pyridinazo) -2-naphthol, 4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzalbarbituric acid, 4-N , N-dimethylaminobenzal-2-thiobarbituric acid, 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene, methyl 3-aminobenzoate, 1-nitro-1'-dimethylthiophene, n-butylurea, tetramethylurea, 2-indolinone, 2-nitro-1-naphthol , 2-methoxy-5-nitroani
  • the following organic compounds may be mentioned as examples: 6-nitroindoline, o-, p-, m-nitrophenol, o-, p-, m-nitroanaline, 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 3 -Methyl 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2- (4-nitrophenyl) ethanol (4-nitrophenethyl alcohol), 2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzyl alcohol, 4-nitrocatechol, 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol, 2,2 '- [4- (2 -Hydroxyethylamino) -3-nitrophenylamino] -diethanol, N-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-aminobenzalbarbituric acid, N-methyl-N- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-aminobenzal-2-thiobarbituric acid, 2- (2-hydroxyethyl) 2-amino-4-nitroanilino) ethanol, 4-nitrobenz
  • a mixture consisting of 50 g of silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of 5 mm 2 / s and a density of 0.93 g / cm 3 at 25 ° C) and 1 g of the stabilizer (reaction product of 40 parts of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 2 N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane is added and homogenized with a stirrer. The resulting emulsion was then metered into 11 g of toluene diisocyanate. The samples were stirred after addition of the crosslinker overnight or subjected to a temperature treatment. Both a rotor-stator-stirrer and a jet disperser are suitable for the manufacturing process.
  • the ERF was prepared according to the procedure given in Example 1. However, as the dopant, 2,2 '- [4- (2-hydroxyethylamino) -3-nitrophenylamino] diethanol was added so as to be covalently bound by the hydroxyl group to the polymer skeleton. The crosslinking leads in a complete reaction to the stoichiometric conversion of the hydroxyl groups in the existing polyol.

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Claims (15)

  1. Liquide électrorhéologique, contenant au moins une sorte de particules, ainsi qu'au moins un dopant organique polaire ou électriquement polarisable, dans ou sur les particules, les particules étant présentes dans un liquide support, le dopant ayant la formule générale

            (D)x-π-(A)y(X)z

    dans laquelle
    D est un groupe donneur
    π est un radical polyinsaturé, qui peut aussi comprendre des hétéroatomes ou être interrompu par ces derniers,
    A est un groupe accepteur,
    X est un groupe fonctionnel réactif lié à π,
    x et y représentent chacun indépendamment l'un de l'autre 1 à 10, et
    z vaut 0 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que les particules contiennent des polymères choisis dans le groupe consistant en les polyuréthannes, les polyurées, les poly(uréthanne-urées), les poly(uréthanne-amides), les poly(urée-amides), les poly(esters de l'acide acrylique), les poly(esters de l'acide méthacrylique), les poly(urée-siloxanes), les copolymères de ceux-ci, les polybiurets, les polyallophanates, les copolymères constitués de blocs polyuréthanne et polyvinyle, ou sont formés de ces polymères.
  2. Liquide électrorhéologique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dopant est chimiquement lié aux particules.
  3. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le radical π dérive de composés choisis dans le groupe consistant en :
    a) les systèmes ramifiés, non ramifiés, à conjugaison linéaire et/ou linéaires à conjugaison croisée, de préférence les polyènes, les polyynes, les polyénynes, en particulier les polyméthynes, les polyméthynes comportant un groupe aza, les polyacétylènes, les diènes, les triènes, les tétraènes, les pentaènes, les motifs isoprène, les motifs 1,3-butadiène,
    b) les systèmes cycliques et/ou annulènes, en particulier les benzènes, les naphtalènes, l'anthracène, le phénanthrène, l'azulène, le triphénylméthane, le biphényle, le pérylène, le fluorène, l'acénaphtylène, le phénanthrène, le pyrène, la naphtacène, le chrysène,
    c) les systèmes hétérocycliques, en particulier la pyridine, le pyrrole, le thiophène, le furanne, l'indole, l'imidazole, la pyrimidine, l'acridine, la phénazine, la pyrazine, l'anthraquinone, le quinoïde, le thiazole, le xanthène, la pyrine, le benzothiophène, le benzofuranne, la phénoxazine, la quinoléine, l'isoquinoléine et/ou
    d) les combinaisons de systèmes linéaires conjugués et cycliques et/ou hétérocycliques, en particulier le stilbène, les polyphénylacétylènes, l'azobenzène, la phtalocyanine, la porphyrine, le tolane, le polydiphénylacétylène, le vinylbenzène, le poly(p-phényline vinyline) les polypyrroles, les polyfuorènes et/ou les polythiophènes, le poly(1,4-diéthynyl)naphtalène et/ou la polyaniline.
  4. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le groupe donneur D présente un effet +I, +R et/ou +M et en particulier est choisi dans le groupe consistant en les amines primaires, secondaires et/ou tertiaires, les groupes OR ou SR, où R est un atome d'hydrogène, un radical alkyle en C1 à C8 linéaire ou ramifié ou un radical aryle en C6 à C10 ; les halogènes, les groupements éther, les doubles liaisons entre deux atomes de carbone, entre un atome de carbone et un atome différent du carbone ou entre deux atomes différents du carbone, l'atome différent du carbone étant en particulier l'azote ; les triples liaisons entre deux atomes de carbone, entre un atome de carbone et un atome différent du carbone ou entre deux atomes différents du carbone, l'atome différent du carbone étant en particulier l'azote ; les carbanions ; les groupes alkyle, alkyle fonctionnalisé, aryle, aryle fonctionnalisé, hétéroaryle et/ou anioniques, en particulier les méthides ou les phénolates.
  5. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le groupe accepteur A présente un effet -I, -R et/ou -M et est choisi en particulier dans le groupe consistant en les halogènes, les aldéhydes, les cétones, les nitriles, les groupes nitro, les groupes nitroso, les groupes acide carboxylique, les esters d'acides carboxyliques, les carboxamides, les halogénures de carbonyle, les anhydrides carboxyliques, les groupes acide sulfonique, les esters d'acides sulfoniques, les groupes -CF3, les aryles, les hétéroaryles, les doubles liaisons entre deux atomes de carbone, entre un atome de carbone et un atome différent du carbone ou entre deux atomes différents du carbone, l'atome différent du carbone étant en particulier l'azote ; les triples liaisons entre deux atomes de carbone, entre un atome de carbone et un atome différent du carbone ou entre deux atomes différents du carbone ; les carbocations et/ou les groupes cationiques, en particulier les ions pyridinium, quinoléinium, ou les amines quaternaires.
  6. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le groupe fonctionnel réactif X est à même d'entrer en liaison chimique avec les particules et est choisi en particulier dans le groupe consistant en les groupes hydroxy, les amines primaires ou secondaires, les aldéhydes, les cétones, les groupes uréthannes, les groupes urée et/ou les groupes carboxyle.
  7. Liquide électrorhéologique selon d'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dopant est choisi dans le groupe consistant en l'o-, le p- ou le m-nitroanisole, le 1-méthoxy-4-nitronaphtalène, la o-, la p- ou la m-nitroaniline, la N,N-diméthyl-p-nitroaniline, la 2-méthoxy-p-nitroaniline, le 4-nitrocétanilide, la N,N-diméthyl-m-nitroaniline, la 4-nitro-1-naphtylamine, le 1-(3-pyridinazo)-2-naphtol, l'acide 5-[[4-(diméthylamino)phényl]méthylène]-barbiturique, l'acide 5-[[4-(diméthylamino)phényl]-méthylène]-2-thiobarbiturique, le 4-diméthylamino-4'-nitrostilbène, le 3-aminobenzoate de méthyle, le 1-nitro-1'-diméthylthiophène, la n-butylurée, la tétraméthylurée, la 2-indolinone, le 2-nitro-1-naphtol, la 2-méthoxy-5-nitroaniline, la 2-méthyl-3-nitroaniline, la 2-méthyl-5-nitro-aniline, la 2-méthyl-6-nitroaniline, la 4-nitroindole, le 5-nitroindole, le 7-nitroindole, la 5-nitroisatine, le 5-nitro-2-oxindole, le 2,4-dinitro-3',4'-(méthylènedioxy)-stilbène, la 6-nitroindoline, l'o-, le p- ou le m-nitrophénol, l'alcool 4-méthyl-3-nitrobenzylique, l'alcool 3-méthyl-4-nitrobenzylique, le 2-(4-nitrophényl)-éthanol, l'alcool 2-méthyl-3,5-dinitrobenzylique, le 4-nitrocatéchol, l'alcool 3-nitrobenzylique, le 2,2'-[4-(2-hydroxyéthylamino)-3-nitrophénylamino]-diéthanol, l'acide 5-[[N-méthyl-N-(2-hydroxyéthyl)-4-aminophényl]méthylène]barbiturique, l'acide 5-[[N-méthyl-N-(2-hydroxyéthyl)-4-aminophényl]-méthylène]-2-thiobarbiturique, le 2-(2-amino-4-nitroanilino)-éthanol, l'alcool 4-nitrobenzylique, l'alcool 5-amino-2-chlorobenzylique, l'alcool 3-amino-4-méthylbenzylique, l'alcool 3-amino-2-méthylbenzylique, le 2-[4-(diméthylamino)phényl]éthanol, l'alcool 4-méthyl-3,5-dinitrobenzylique, l'alcool 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzylique, l'alcool 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylique, l'alcool 2-méthyl-3-nitrobenzylique, l'alcool 3-nitrophénéthylique, l'alcool 2-méthoxy-4-nitrobenzylique, l'alcool 4-méthoxy-3-nitrobenzylique, l'alcool 2-nitrobenzylique et/ou l'alcool 2-nitrophénéthylique.
  8. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dopant est dissous dans les particules et/ou est chimiquement lié dans les particules et/ou aux particules, et en ce que les particules se présentent en suspension dans le liquide support.
  9. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dopant est contenu en une quantité, rapportée au poids total des particules contenues, comprise entre 0,01 et 40 % en poids, de préférence entre 0,05 et 20 % en poids, d'une manière particulièrement préférée entre 0,1 et 10 % en poids.
  10. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la proportion des particules, rapportée à la totalité du liquide électrorhéologique, est comprise entre 1 et 70 % en volume, de préférence entre 2 et 65 % en volume, d'une manière particulièrement préférée entre 5 et 60 % en volume.
  11. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la taille moyenne de particule d50 est comprise entre 10 nm et 1 mm, de préférence entre 20 nm et 500 µm, d'une manière particulièrement préférée entre 40 nm et 200 µm.
  12. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le liquide électrorhéologique est exempt de sels.
  13. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le liquide support est choisi dans le groupe consistant en les huiles de silicone, les huiles de silicone halogénées ou phénylées, les paraffines, les hydrocarbures halogénés (par exemple les hydrocarbures chlorés et/ou fluorés), les hydrocarbures aromatiques, les polyoxyalkylènes, les polyéthers perfluorés, les huiles minérales, les huiles végétales, les huiles pour transformateur, le kérosène et/ou le mélange de ceux-ci.
  14. Liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le liquide électrorhéologique contient d'autres additifs tels que des dispersants, des stabilisants, par exemple vis-à-vis d'une sédimentation, des antioxydants, des agents anti-usure, des absorbants UV, etc.
  15. Utilisation d'un liquide électrorhéologique selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans des amortisseurs adaptatifs de chocs, de vibrations et/ou de collisions, des accouplements et/ou freins à commande électrique, dans les appareils de sport, de réhabilitation et/ou d'exercices, dans les systèmes haptiques et/ou tactiles, dans les éléments de manoeuvre, dans les dispositifs de fixation mécanique, dans les valves hydrauliques, pour la simulation de propriétés visqueuses, élastiques et/ou visco-élastiques, pour la simulation de la répartition des consistances d'un objet, à des fins de formation et/ou de recherche, dans les vêtements de protection et/ou dans les applications médicales, comme par exemple les prothèses articulaires.
EP10754897.6A 2009-10-09 2010-09-20 Liquides electrorhéologiques avec des agents organiques à doter et l'utilisation de ces liquides Not-in-force EP2486115B1 (fr)

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JP2021020970A (ja) * 2019-07-24 2021-02-18 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 電気粘性流体組成物およびシリンダ装置

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