EP2485857B1 - Forming machine for forging, in particular stretch-forging, workpieces - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a forming machine for forging, in particular stretch forging, of workpieces.

Forging is a hot forming of metallic malleable materials, especially metallic alloys such as steels. Stretch forging, also referred to as stretch forging or in short as stretching, is a method for open-die forging in which in each case only a small part of the workpiece volume is formed between two stretching tools (or drawers) in successive forging steps. During the stretch forging, the workpiece is usually held at one end or at both ends by gripper tongs of manipulators or robots and moved in a stretching direction between the stretching tools in individual steps and then compressed in opposite to the stretching direction successive portions of the stretching tools perpendicular to the stretching direction. The material of the workpiece flows parallel to the stretching direction, so the workpiece is in the cross section perpendicular to the stretching direction thinner and parallel to the stretching direction longer. The stretching tools tend to have crowned or convex curved surfaces and are also referred to as stretch or saddle saddles, the upper saddle being called the upper saddle and the lower saddle the lower saddle. As a result of the successive individual forming processes or "bites", a wavy structure which images the shape of the saddles remains with grooves on the workpiece. The surface of the workpiece is therefore often smoothed in a subsequent operation with smoothing tools, which usually have a larger dimension than the stretching tools. As forming machines when stretching usually forging presses or forging hammers are used, where then the stretching tools are provided. Most of the upper saddle is on a movable upper Tool carrier or bear arranged and the lower saddle on a generally immovable lower tool carrier, the Schabotte or the press table. But it is also possible that both stretching tools move. To forge back a widening usually unwanted when stretching the workpiece, the forging can be turned by 90 ° after each stroke (or after each stretching pass). Stretch forging or stretching is often used as preforming or material pre-distribution prior to die forging, in which the workpiece is formed into the final shape (for this general state of the art, see eg A. Herbert Fritz and Günter Schulze, "vdi-Fertigungstechnik", Springer-Verlag, 5th edition, 2001, pages 402-405 ).

Typically, rod-shaped or cuboidal blanks are elongated axially during stretch forging and possibly already provided with contours when seen in a longitudinal section in the stretching direction.

As drives for the upper and possibly also lower tool carrier both hydraulic drives and mechanical drives are known.

Out DE 23 45 527 A1 is a hydraulic horizontal rapid forging press with counter-rotating piston, which perform a pendulum motion whose stroke position is adjustable known. The pendulum movement of the pistons is synchronous by two equal-sized coupled pulsators, which generate a fixed pendulum stroke for each piston with a constant stroke size and the number of strokes corresponds to the speed of the eccentric shafts operating the pulsators. The pulsators are driven by a common drive through a three-phase motor in opposite synchronous operation. The pulsators act on a line, the working piston surfaces of the piston. The stroke position of the piston is manufactured and maintained by two independent path control loops, the path control loops having an inductive or digital encoder and a voice coil controller. The plunger coil controller corrects the desired stroke position independently of the working cylinder by adding or removing hydraulic fluid in the working cylinders. The exactly to be given stroke position of the front The reversal point to the imaginary center line of the press corresponding to half the thickness of the forging piece is monitored and corrected from hub to hub via the two independent path control loops. Here, the reversal points are compared with the default and all errors due to leakage, different flow rates, scattering of the switching points, unevenness in the forging or the like compensated. The path-dependent measurement is carried out by the inductive or digital encoder for the entire stroke of each side, the encoder is connected via a control loop with the position control and the voice coil controller, so that a continuous change in the stroke size from 0 to the maximum stroke and the continuous employment of each any stroke position is possible. This can be generated by pre-programming the front reversal points of each page in conjunction with the longitudinal feed rotationally symmetric as well as asymmetrically stepped forgings. For the position control so a continuously not position-controlled operating pump is used, while the delivery volume of the hydraulic fluid is adjusted by the plunger coil controller. In addition, the return chambers of the cylinders can be placed under constant pressure by means of another pump.

The invention has for its object to provide a new hydraulic forming machine with which in particular short cycle times can be realized. This object is achieved according to the invention by a forming machine with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments will become apparent from the dependent of claim 1 claims.

• wenigstens zwei Umformwerkzeuge, insbesondere Reckwerkzeuge,
• wenigstens eine Antriebseinrichtung zum Antreiben wenigstens eines der Umformwerkzeuge in einer Zustellbewegung der Umformwerkzeuge nach vorne aufeinander zu oder in einer Rückholbewegung der Umformwerkzeuge nach hinten voneinander weg,
• wobei die Antriebseinrichtung wenigstens ein Exzenterelement und wenigstens ein hydraulisches Antriebselement, insbesondere einen Antriebskolben, welches Antriebselement hydraulisch mit dem Exzenterelement gekoppelt ist, umfasst, derart, dass die Exzenterbewegung des Exzenterelements über ein hydraulisches Medium eine Arbeitsbewegung des hydraulischen Antriebselementes erzeugt, und
• wobei das oder jedes hydraulische Antriebselement in der Arbeitsbewegung jeweils ein Umformwerkzeug antreibt,
• wobei wenigstens ein Teil des hydraulischen Antriebselementes in einer mit hydraulischem Medium gefüllten Hydraulikkammer angeordnet ist und die Hydraulikkammer durch das Antriebselement in eine vordere Teilkammer und eine hintere Teilkammer aufgeteilt oder getrennt ist,
• wobei der hinteren Teilkammer jeder Hydraulikkammer eine hydraulische Einstelleinrichtung zugeordnet ist zum Einstellen der, insbesondere axialen, Endposition des Antriebselementes in der Arbeitsbewegung durch Einstellen des zugeführten Volumens oder Druckes des hydraulischen Mediums in der hinteren Teilkammer, wobei die hydraulische Einstelleinrichtung eine hydraulische Pumpe und einen Anschluss an der hinteren Teilkammer sowie eine zugehörige hydraulische Verbindung der hydraulischen Pumpe mit dem Anschluss umfasst,
• wobei die hydraulische Pumpe eine hydraulische Servopumpe, beispielsweise Axialkolbenpumpe, ist und einen lagegeregelten Servomotor aufweist, der den Pumpenrotor oder -kolben in einer vorbestimmten Lage festhält,
• wobei sich die Endposition des Antriebselements (11A oder 11B) nach vorne verschiebt, wenn die hydraulische Pumpe (64A oder 64B) durch Aufbau eines entsprechenden hydraulischen Drucks mehr hydraulisches Medium in der zugehörigen hinteren Teilkammer (14A oder 14B) hält.

The forming machine according to claim 1 is suitable and intended for forging, in particular stretch forging, of heated and / or in a flowable state metallic workpieces

• at least two forming tools, in particular stretching tools,
• at least one drive device for driving at least one of the forming tools in a feed movement of the forming tools forward to each other to or in a return movement of the forming tools to each other away from each other,
• wherein the drive device comprises at least one eccentric element and at least one hydraulic drive element, in particular a drive piston, which drive element is hydraulically coupled to the eccentric element, such that the eccentric movement of the eccentric element generates a working movement of the hydraulic drive element via a hydraulic medium, and
• wherein the or each hydraulic drive element in the working movement in each case drives a forming tool,
• wherein at least a part of the hydraulic drive element is arranged in a hydraulic medium filled hydraulic chamber and the hydraulic chamber is split or separated by the drive element into a front partial chamber and a rear partial chamber,
• wherein the rear partial chamber of each hydraulic chamber is associated with a hydraulic adjusting device for setting the, in particular axial, end position of the drive element in the working movement by adjusting the volume or pressure of the hydraulic medium in the rear partial chamber, wherein the hydraulic adjusting device comprises a hydraulic pump and a connection the rear part chamber and an associated hydraulic connection of the hydraulic pump to the terminal comprises
• wherein the hydraulic pump is a hydraulic servo pump, for example axial piston pump, and has a position-controlled servomotor which holds the pump rotor or piston in a predetermined position,
• wherein the end position of the drive member (11A or 11B) shifts forward when the hydraulic pump (64A or 64B) holds more hydraulic fluid in the associated rear sub-chamber (14A or 14B) by building up a corresponding hydraulic pressure.

Conveniently, the front part chamber of the hydraulic chamber is now assigned a restoring device for resetting the drive element, wherein the restoring device may in particular be a hydraulic return device, in particular with a hydraulic pump, which adjusts the hydraulic pressure in the front partial chamber to at least one specific return pressure value. But it is also a mechanical reset device with mechanical springs or the like possible.

The hydraulic pump is expediently also used for filling the rear partial chamber with the hydraulic medium.

In a further embodiment, the or each eccentric drives in its eccentric movement hydraulically coupled to the hydraulic drive element transmission element in a transfer movement. The transfer element moves during the transfer movement, in particular in the hydraulic chamber or in a hydraulically connected to the hydraulic chamber, also filled with the hydraulic medium stroke chamber, preferably substantially linearly back and forth, in particular the transmission element or the lifting chamber with the rear part chamber of the hydraulic chamber hydraulically coupled or connected.

Furthermore, the drive device preferably comprises at least one electric drive motor, wherein the at least one eccentric element is drivable or driven by the at least one drive motor via at least one drive shaft and rotates in an eccentric eccentric to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft with the drive shaft.

In a particular development, an associated tool carrier is provided for each forming tool, to which the forming tool, preferably releasably, is attached and which is coupled for driving with the associated hydraulic drive element. This coupling is realized in particular by detachable connection of the tool carrier with a mounting flange, which is secured to the end of a push rod, in turn, preferably axially guided and supported by a thrust bearing, at a remote from this mounting flange end another mounting flange has, in turn, releasably connected to an associated mounting flange at the front end of the drive element.

In a preferred variant, the forming tool is displaceably mounted and guided on the associated tool carrier, in particular vertically and / or perpendicular to the feed movement, or the tool carrier is correspondingly designed such that two parts are displaceable relative to one another and one of these parts carries the forming tool. This is particularly advantageous in combination with an embodiment in which the forming tool has a, preferably upper, stretching surface and a, preferably lower, finishing surface and is then displaceably mounted and fixable in two positions to the stretching surface or the finishing surface in the for the feed movement order relevant situation.

Preferably, an adjusting device for adjusting (and fixing) the forming tools in different displacement positions, in particular in the vertical direction and / or perpendicular to the feed movement, is provided for the automation of this displacement. The adjusting device comprises, for example, a guide rod which connects the two tool carriers with each other and which is movable by means of a drive unit.

In a specific embodiment, at least one or each position measuring device is provided for measuring the position of the drive element, wherein preferably the measured position is used as a parameter for monitoring or regulating the forming process.

The forming machine according to the invention is or generally comprises a work-bound or bound forming machine, preferably a forging hammer, in particular an upper hammer or counter-hammer, or a forging press, ie its forming tools operate either press-bound or tied away on the one hand or striking or work-bound on the other hand.

FIG 1

eine Umformmaschine zum Schmieden, insbesondere, Streckschmieden von Werkstücken in einer Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung in einer teilweise geschnittenen Darstellung und

FIG 2

die Umformmaschine gemäß FIG 1 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung

jeweils schematisch dargestellt sind. Einander entsprechende Teile und Größen sind in den FIG 1 und 2 mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.In addition to the forming machine according to the invention, at least one handling device for gripping a workpiece, and preferably for carrying out a relative movement of the workpiece relative to the at least two forming tools, can also be used for forming, in particular stretch forging, metallic workpieces that are heated and / or in a flowable state Forming machine include. The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments. Reference is also made to the drawings, in whose

FIG. 1

a forming machine for forging, in particular, stretch-forging of workpieces in an embodiment according to the invention in a partially sectioned view and

FIG. 2

the forming machine according to FIG. 1 in a perspective view

are each shown schematically. Corresponding parts and sizes are in the FIG. 1 and 2 provided with the same reference numerals.

The FIG. 1 and 2 show a forming machine 4 for forging, in particular stretch forging or stretching, a first present in the form of, for example, cuboid or polyhedral or cylindrical, blank metal workpiece 2 present.

The blank or the workpiece 2, after being heated in a furnace for hot working and thereby brought into a flowable state, gripped by one or two gripping device (s), not shown, in each case located at one end of the workpiece 2 gripping area and in a held aligned along an axis A position, which is a substantially horizontal position in the illustrated embodiments. The axis A extends longitudinally and, preferably centrally, through the workpiece 2.

When the forming machine is used for stretch-forging the workpiece 2, the at least one gripping device not only holds the workpiece 2 in the position along the axis A, but moves the workpiece 2 axially or linearly to the axis A in individual axial path portions for successive processing Workpiece 2 in individual stretch-forging steps or stretching steps by stretching tools.

There are in the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 1 and 2 two side of the horizontal axis A located stretching tools 4A and 4B are provided, which are axially movable in a stretching movement or feed R to a perpendicular to the axis A and also horizontal axis B to the workpiece 2 and for forming the workpiece 2 striking this or act pressing and after such a forming step again in a direction opposite to the feed R directed return movement from the workpiece 2 out or back are movable.

In FIG. 1 and 2 Both stretching tools 4A and 4B are movable. However, it is also possible to move only one of the two stretching tools 4A and 4B. Furthermore, more than two stretching tools can be provided. The feed motion R does not have to be horizontal, but can also be done, for example, vertically or in an oblique direction.

The forming machine 4 comprises for each stretching tool 4A and 4B an associated tool carrier 5A and 5B, respectively, to which the stretching tool 4A or 4B is releasably secured, and a drive for driving the tool carrier 5A or 5B with the tool 4A or 4B in the stretching movement R, respectively and the opposite return movement.

Each stretching tool 4A and 4B has an upper stretching surface 40 and a lower finishing surface 41. With the stretching surfaces 40, the workpiece 2 is stretched in its shape and formed. The sizing surfaces 41 of the stretching tools 4A and 4B serve to subsequently smooth or finish the surface of the stretched workpiece 2. Around the stretching surface 40 or the finishing surface 41, the stretching tool 4A or 4B, in particular vertically displaceable relative to the tool carrier 5A and 5B or, alternatively, the tool carrier 5A and 5B is configured so that two parts are displaceable relative to each other and one these parts carries the stretching tool 4A or 4B. For adjusting the stretching tools 4A and 4B, in particular in the vertical direction, perpendicular to the axis B, an adjusting device 47 is provided which comprises a guide rod 48 which connects the two tool carriers 5A and 5B with each other. The stretching tools 4A and 4B are fixed to the tool carriers 5A and 5B having a linear guide in the vertical direction. By means of the drive unit 47, which operates pneumatically, hydraulically or electromechanically, the tool carriers are moved upwards or downwards, depending on the desired operation of the system (stretching or finishing). The introduction of the vertical movement takes place by means of the guide rod 48. The use of the guide rod 48 allows the feed movement R. The two tool carriers 5A and 5B can be locked in each of the two end positions. This lock can be driven hydraulically or pneumatically.

The adjusting device 47 is fixed to a transverse plate 43, which in turn is laterally attached to two vertically extending holding plates 42A and 42B. The structure of the holding plates 42A and 42B and the transverse plate 43 is stiffened and stabilized by four rod-shaped fastening elements 46 and limits the actual working range of the forming machine. The four fasteners 46 are attached to vertical frame bases 52A and 52B of a surrounding frame 51, which stand on the ground above frame feet. Above the transverse plate 43 and the adjusting device 47 extends a transverse horizontal frame plate 53 of the frame 51st

Each tool carrier 5A and 5B is detachably connected, for example by means of screws, to a mounting flange 6A or 6B fixed to the end of a push bar 7A or 7B, which in turn is axially guided and supported by a thrust bearing 8A or 8B on the support plate 42A or 42B , At the end remote from the mounting flange 6A and 6B, there is at each end Sliding rod 7A or 7B, a further mounting flange 9A and 9B is provided which in turn is releasably connected to an associated mounting flange 10A or 10B at the front end of a hydraulic drive piston 11A or 11B, for example by means of screws.

It is also conceivable that for certain machine sizes, the tool carrier 5A and 5B are screwed directly to the mounting flanges 10A and 10B and the guide system with the holding plates 42A and 42B can be completely dispensed with.

The hydraulic drive piston 11A or 11B is movable and guided axially in an associated hydraulic chamber 13A or 13B to the axis B.
A piston member 12A or 12B separates a front sub-chamber 15A or 15B from a rear sub-chamber 14A or 14B of the hydraulic chamber 13A or 13B, and is sealingly guided on the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber 13A or 13B. When the drive piston 11A or 11B advances along the axis B in the direction of the feed movement R, the rear sub-chamber 14A or 14B increases and the front sub-chamber 15A or 15B decreases and in the return movement directed counter to the feed movement R, it is reversed.

The position of the drive piston 11A or 11B within the hydraulic chamber 13A or 13B is measurable by means of an associated position measuring device 21A or 21B and thus can be used as a parameter for monitoring or regulating the forming process.

The front sub-chamber 15A or 15B is sealed by a seal 28A or 28B against the outer surface of the drive piston 11A or 11B, and the seal 28A or 28B may additionally function as a bearing for the drive piston 11A or 11B. In general, the seal does not take over the bearing function. This is either an additional guide band made of plastic or a guide bush, z. B. bronze, used, which z. B. can also accommodate the seal.

The rear sub-chamber 14A or 14B is in fluid communication with an associated lift chamber 17A or 17B via a rear communication passage 24A or 24B. The front sub-chamber 15A or 15B of the hydraulic chamber 13A or 13B is in fluid communication with an intermediate chamber 26A or 26B via a front connecting passage 25A or 25B, which in turn communicates with a surge tank or accumulator 75A or 75B.

The sub-chambers 14A and 14B, and 15A and 15B of the hydraulic chambers 13A and 13B, and the lift chambers 17A and 17B and intermediate chambers 26A and 26B and the connection channels 24A and 24B, and 25A and 25B are all filled with a hydraulic medium, in particular, a hydraulic oil or others well-suited pressure-resistant and almost incompressible hydraulic medium.

In each lift chamber 17A or 17B, an associated lift piston 18A or 18B moves, which is coupled via a hinge 20A or 20B to one end of a lift rod 19A or 19B as a transfer element. The lift rod 19A or 19B is coupled at another end to an eccentric member 22A or 22B.

The eccentric member 22A or 22B is rotatably mounted on an associated rotation shaft 23A or 23B and eccentrically supported with respect to a rotation axis E of the rotation shaft 23A or 23B. An eccentric axis F or G of the eccentric element 22A or 22B is spaced from the axis of rotation E by a corresponding eccentric distance hA or hB, resulting in a corresponding maximum stroke of 2 · hA or 2 · hB of the eccentric element 22A or 22B via the lifting rod 19A or 19B 22B coupled reciprocating piston 18A or 18B results in a complete revolution of the eccentric 22A or 22B. The lifting movement of the lifting piston 18A or 18B takes place linearly along a lifting axis C or D, which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation E and the eccentric axes F and G.

In the illustrated embodiment, the axes of rotation of the two rotary shafts 23A and 23B fall together on a common axis of rotation E, although this need not necessarily be so. In addition, the two rotary shafts 23A and 23B are driven by a common central rotating shaft 30 via respective clutches 33A and 33B, preferably synchronously. The rotary shaft 30 also rotates about the common axis of rotation E and is driven by a central rotary drive 50, which is arranged on and / or in a housing 32, which in turn is supported and arranged on the frame plate 53. The rotary shaft 30 is mounted in a trained as a hollow gear shaft pivot bearing 31 within the housing 32. The rotary drive 50 comprises an electric drive motor 58, which may in particular be a servomotor or permanent magnet motor and / or torque motor, or asynchronous motor, and a transmission arranged in the housing 32, with which the drive motor 58 drives the rotary shaft 30. By virtue of this arrangement, the two rotary shafts 23A and 23B, and hence the eccentric members 22A and 22B, and finally the reciprocating pistons 18A and 18B move in synchronism with each other, which in turn results in both drive pistons 11A and 11B being hydraulically coupled to the reciprocating pistons 18A and 18B at the same time move forward in the feed R or backward in the return movement, so the two tools 4A and 4B so simultaneously delivered to the workpiece 2 or simultaneously withdrawn from the workpiece 2. It is also conceivable to form the complete rotary drive 50 with the drive motor 58 and the transmission 32 as "underfloor drive" and to arrange these units together with the eccentric elements 22A and 22B below the axis B.

The volumes of the lift chambers 17A and 17B and the rear subchambers 14A and 14B of the hydraulic chambers 13A and 13B are adapted to each other so that preferably the stroke 2 · hA or 2 · hB of the reciprocating piston 18A or 18B corresponds to the entire stroke or the total displacement of the drive piston 11A or 11B and thus the tools 4A and 4B in the working movement.

The rear sub-chambers 14A and 14B of the hydraulic chambers 13A and 13B are further connected via a respective port 34A or 34B and an associated hydraulic connection 44A or 44B to a hydraulic pump 64A or 64B. Hydraulic pumps 64A and 64B are hydraulic servo pumps, such as axial piston pumps, driven by position controlled servomotors 54A and 54B that hold the pump rotors or pistons to a hydraulic balancing reservoir. The hydraulic pump 64A or 64B serves on the one hand to fill the rear partial chamber 14A or 14B with the hydraulic medium and on the other hand to fix the axial end position of the drive piston 11A or 11B in the hydraulic chamber 13A or 13B and thus also the position of the tools 4A and 4B. When the hydraulic pumps 64A or 64B hold or introduce more hydraulic fluid into the associated rear sub-chamber 14A or 14B by building up a corresponding hydraulic pressure, the end position of the drive piston 11A or 11B shifts forward and vice versa.
Finally, a further hydraulic pump 65 is provided, which is connected to a hydraulic connection 45 in which a pressure measuring device 56 is arranged and which divides into two parallel branches 45A and 45B, wherein one of the two branches 45A or 45B with one of the Intermediate chambers 26 A or 26 B is connected. The hydraulic pump 65 is thus also hydraulically coupled to the front sub-chamber 15A or 15B of the hydraulic chamber 13A or 13B, and preferably serves as a return means for applying a restoring force to the associated driving piston (11A, 11B) due to the hydraulic pressure in the front sub-chamber 15A or 15B Thus, practically adjusts the bias of the drive piston 11A or 11B. Instead of such a hydraulic reset device could also provide a purely mechanical restoring device, such as a spring or the like.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

workpiece

4

forming machine

4A, 4B

Reck tool

5A, 5B

tool carrier

6A, 6B

mounting flange

7A, 7B

push bar

8A, 8B

thrust

9A, 9B

mounting flange

10A, 10B

fastener

11A, 11B

drive piston

12A, 12B

piston part

13A, 13B

hydraulic chamber

14A, 14B

rear compartment

15A, 15B

front compartment

16A, 16B

casing

17A, 17B

stroke chamber

18A, 18B

reciprocating

19A, 19B

lifting rod

20A, 20B

joint

21A, 21B

Position measuring device

22A, 22B

eccentric

23A, 23B

rotary shaft

24A, 24B

rear connection channel

25A, 25B

front connection channel

26A, 26B

intermediate chamber

27A, 27B

casing

28A, 28B

poetry

30

rotary shaft

31

pivot bearing

32

casing

33A, 33B

clutch

34A, 34B

connection

40

Reck area

41

plain surface

42A, 42B

Retaining plate

43

transverse plate

44A, 44B

hydraulic connection

45

hydraulic connection

45A, 45B

branch

46

fixing bars

47

adjustment

48

connecting rod

50

rotary drive

51

frame

52A, 52B

frame plate

53

frame plate

54A, 54B

servomotor

55

servomotor

56

Pressure measuring device

58

drive motor

64A, 64B

hydraulic pump

65

hydraulic pump

75A, 75B

accumulator

A

Workpiece axis

B

infeed

C, D

lifting axis

e

axis of rotation

F, G

eccentric

hA, hB

eccentric distance

R

infeed

Claims (10)

1. Forming machine for forging, in particular stretch-forging, metal workpieces which have been heated and/or are in a flowable condition, comprising

   a) at least two forming tools (4A, 4B),

   b) at least one driving device for driving at least one of the forming tools forward in an approach motion (R) of the forming tools toward one another or rearward in a return motion of the forming tools away from one another,

   c) wherein the driving device comprises at least one eccentric element (22A, 22B) and at least one hydraulic drive element (11A, 11B),

   d) wherein the at least one hydraulic drive element (11A, 11B) is coupled hydraulically directly or indirectly to the eccentric element (22A, 22B) in such a way that an eccentric motion of the eccentric element produces a working motion of the hydraulic drive element by way of a hydraulic medium, and

   e) wherein the or each hydraulic drive element (11A, 11B) is coupled to at least one of the forming tools (4A, 4B) and, in the working motion thereof, drives this at least one forming tool,

   f) wherein at least part of the hydraulic drive element (11A, 11B) is arranged in a hydraulic chamber (13A, 13B) filled with hydraulic medium and divides the hydraulic chamber (13A, 13B) into a front subchamber (15A, 15B) and a rear subchamber (14A, 14B),

   g) wherein the rear subchamber (15A, 15B) of each hydraulic chamber is assigned a hydraulic setting device (64A, 64B, 54A, 54B, 34A, 34B) for the purpose of setting the end position of the drive element (11A, 11B) in the working motion by setting the supplied volume or pressure of the hydraulic medium in the rear subchamber (14A, 14B), wherein the hydraulic setting device has a hydraulic pump (64A, 64B) and a port (34A, 34B) on the rear subchamber (14A, 14B) and an associated hydraulic connection (44A, 44B) of the hydraulic pump (64A, 64B) to the port (34A, 34B), characterized in that

   h) the hydraulic pump (64A, 64B) is a hydraulic servopump and has a position-controlled servomotor (54A, 54B), which holds the pump rotor or piston firmly in position, and

   i) in that the end position of the drive element (11A or 11B) shifts forward if the hydraulic pump (64A or 64B) keeps more hydraulic medium in the associated rear subchamber (14A or 14B) by building up a corresponding hydraulic pressure.
2. Forming machine according to Claim 1, in which a reset device (65, 75A, 75B) is assigned to the front subchamber (15A, 15B) for the purpose of resetting the drive element (11A, 11B), wherein the reset device is, in particular, a hydraulic reset device, in particular a reset device having a hydraulic pump which sets the hydraulic pressure in the front subchamber (15A, 15B) to at least one particular reset pressure value.
3. Forming machine according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which the hydraulic pump (64A, 64B) is used to fill the rear subchamber (14A, 14B) with the hydraulic medium.
4. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, in which, during its eccentric motion, the or each eccentric element (22A, 22B) drives a transmission element (18A, 18B) hydraulically coupled to the hydraulic drive element in a transmission motion, wherein, in particular, the transmission element moves backward and forward, during the transmission motion, in the hydraulic chamber or in a stroke chamber (17A, 17B) hydraulically connected to the hydraulic chamber and likewise filled with the hydraulic medium, preferably in a substantially linear motion, and wherein, in particular, the transmission element (18A, 18B) or the stroke chamber (17A, 17B) is hydraulically coupled or connected to the rear subchamber (14A, 14B) of the hydraulic chamber.
5. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, in which the driving device comprises at least one electric drive motor (58), wherein the at least one eccentric element can be driven or is driven by the at least one drive motor via at least one drive shaft (30, 23A, 23B) and rotates with the drive shaft in an eccentric motion eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation (E) of the drive shaft.
6. The forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, in which each forming tool (4A, 4B) is provided with an associated tool carrier (5A, 5B), on which the forming tool (4A, 4B) is fixed, preferably releasably, and which is coupled for the purpose of driving to the associated hydraulic drive element (11A, 11B), wherein the coupling is achieved, in particular, through releasable connection of the tool carrier (5A, 5B) to a fixing flange (6A, 6B), which is fixed on the end of a sliding rod (7A, 7B) which, being guided and supported axially by an axial bearing (8A, 8B), in turn has, at an end remote from this fixing flange (6A, 6B), a further fixing flange (9A, 9B), which, in turn, is releasably connected to an associated fixing flange (10A, 10B) at the front end of the drive element (11A, 11B).
7. Forming machine according to Claim 6, in which the forming tool (4A, 4B) is supported and guided on the associated tool carrier (5A, 5B) in a manner which allows it to be moved, in particular vertically and/or perpendicularly to the approach motion (R), or the tool carrier (5A, 5B) is configured in such a way that two parts can be moved relative to one another and one of these parts carries the forming tool (4A, 4B), wherein an adjusting device (47) for adjusting the forming tools (4A, 4B) into various positions of displacement, in particular in the vertical direction and/or perpendicularly to the approach motion (R), is preferably provided, comprising, for example, a guide rod (48), which connects the two tool carriers (5A, 5B) to one another and which can be moved by means of a drive unit (47).
8. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, in which the forming tool (4A, 4B) has a, preferably upper, drawing surface (40) and a, preferably lower, planishing surface (41) and is supported movably and can be fixed in two positions in order to arrange the drawing surface (40) or the planishing surface (41) in the operative position (B) for the approach motion (R).
9. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, having at least one position measuring device (21A, 21 B) for measuring the position of the drive element (11A, 11B), wherein the measured position is preferably used as a parameter for monitoring or controlling the forming process.
10. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims, which is a work-defined or travel-defined forming machine, preferably a forging hammer or a forging press.

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