EP2483976B1 - Elément de protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Elément de protection contre les surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2483976B1
EP2483976B1 EP10763173.1A EP10763173A EP2483976B1 EP 2483976 B1 EP2483976 B1 EP 2483976B1 EP 10763173 A EP10763173 A EP 10763173A EP 2483976 B1 EP2483976 B1 EP 2483976B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
housing
overvoltage protection
protection element
pressure
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP10763173.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2483976A1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Durth
Christian Depping
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2483976A1 publication Critical patent/EP2483976A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/15—Details of spark gaps for protection against excessive pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overvoltage protection element having a housing and at least two electrical conductors leading into the housing for the electrical connection of the overvoltage protection element.
  • Overvoltages are all voltages that are above an upper tolerance limit of the rated voltage. These include, above all, transient overvoltages that can occur due to atmospheric discharges, but also through switching operations or short circuits in power supply networks and can be galvanically, inductively or capacitively coupled into electrical circuits.
  • overvoltage protection elements have been developed, as known from the prior art for several decades.
  • the basis of every industrial plant are the cables or conductors of the measuring and control technology.
  • the smooth operation of these lines requires a high degree of availability of the transmitted signals.
  • the protective circuits of corresponding overvoltage protection elements must be adapted to the different signal and measurement principles.
  • varistors, suppressor diodes and gas-filled surge arresters or spark gaps as well as combinations of the aforementioned components are used as surge arresters.
  • the individual surge arresters can be distinguished among other things according to the level of the discharge capacity or the protection level.
  • varistors are generally used as a medium protection level, gas-filled surge arresters and spark gaps usually serve as coarse protection.
  • the individual surge arresters can be subdivided into voltage-limiting elements, for example varistors, on the one hand and voltage-switching elements, for example gas-filled surge arresters and spark gaps.
  • voltage-limiting elements for example varistors
  • voltage-switching elements for example gas-filled surge arresters and spark gaps.
  • particular varistors are considered as surge arresters, without the invention being restricted thereto.
  • Surge arresters in particular varistors and spark gaps, are subject to aging, which changes the nominal parameters of the surge arresters. For example, aging over time can lead to undesired increased leakage currents and subsequent failure of the surge arresters during a draining operation, or even under grid conditions. Surge arresters with a varistor therefore often have a thermal disconnecting device, by means of which a varistor which is no longer functioning properly is electrically disconnected from the current path to be monitored. If surge arresters are overloaded during a discharge process or by temporary overvoltages (TOV), then the electrical state in which the surge arrester is normally not clearly defined.
  • TOV overvoltages
  • the impedance of the surge arresters can change so that high line-driven currents flow through the surge arresters, which are still too low, the upstream overcurrent protection devices respond.
  • the high power conversion of such a low-resistance overvoltage protection element heats the structure of the overvoltage protection element so fast that the usual thermal separation devices are not able to disconnect in time and it comes to open arcs.
  • the separation devices known from the prior art are not designed for high switching performance, so that when already flow high currents and the separator opens, arcs also occur that can not be deleted. In both cases, the arcing can lead to ignition, explosion and / or strong pressure development, which are not dominated by the usual plastic housings of the overvoltage protection elements without damage. The consequence of such arcs is, for example, an unacceptable loss of IP protection, as well as damage to adjacent assemblies to the destruction of the entire industrial plant.
  • overvoltage protection elements are known from the prior art, in which the surge arrester is encapsulated in a metallic housing in such a way that a fault within the housing does not permit any impermissible emissions into the surroundings. Furthermore, in such embodiments in the overload of the surge arrester arcs can form such that they are short-circuited by the metallically conductive housing, so that the internal energy consumption minimized and an upstream overcurrent protection, such as a fuse can trigger accelerated.
  • Such overvoltage protection elements are therefore based on the assumption that, in the event of a failure of the encapsulated surge arrester, an arc occurs in the interior of the metallic housing which either extinguishes itself or is extinguished by the response of an upstream overcurrent protection.
  • the disadvantage is that the behavior of the arc and its effects on the internal space of the overvoltage protection element and its electrically functional components are undefined and not known. Arises at the foot points of the Arc metal melted and evaporated, so that the metallic encapsulation of the overvoltage protection element is sustainably weakened mechanically, without this being visible on the overvoltage protection element from the outside. The resulting from the arc metal vapor is deposited on the inner surfaces of the housing of the overvoltage protection element. If the metal vapor is deposited on insulating materials of the housing, undefined isolation conditions arise. The internal damage is particularly critical especially when arcs themselves go out and do not trigger the upstream overcurrent protection, so that internal damage to the overvoltage protection element completely goes unnoticed. Therefore, it is possible that even if an upstream overcurrent protection has tripped, the cause can not be detected, and the defective or severely damaged overvoltage protection element is put into operation again.
  • the varistor is in a special encapsulation, which can expand under pressure.
  • the protective device comprises a switching element which short-circuits the varistor when actuated.
  • the short circuiter realized with the switching element is actuated by the pressure.
  • the encapsulation of the varistor is designed so that when a pressure build-up primarily an actuation of the switching element takes place.
  • the thermal separation device is formed on the back of the varistor.
  • the switching element is formed by a pressure-controlled switch with two conductive plates. In case of overload, a sealing plate expands in such a way that a reduction of the distance between the conductive plates until they come into contact and the desired switching operation (short circuit) is triggered.
  • an overvoltage protection element having a housing, at least two leading into the housing electrical conductors for electrically connecting the overvoltage protection element, wherein in the housing a surge for limiting an overvoltage of the electrical conductors and a pressure-sensitive switch for shorting the electrical conductors are arranged , characterized by a thermal switch, a spark gap and an ignition element, wherein the thermal switch is thermally connected to the surge arrester, and the thermal switch is configured such that the spark gap is ignited by the ignition element by switching the thermal switch.
  • an overvoltage protection element which, even with a defective surge arrester, reliably and safely generates the electrical conductors when an arc arises in the housing of the overvoltage protection element low impedance shorts, so that a preferably upstream overcurrent protection, such as a fuse can trigger.
  • a preferably upstream overcurrent protection such as a fuse
  • thermal switch may be implemented as any of the known in the art thermal switch, for example as a bimetal thermal switch. With such an embodiment of the invention it is achieved that, for example, at a preselectable, maximum temperature of the thermal switch switches so that is switched by a targeted triggered arc or the pressure build-up of the pressure-sensitive switch.
  • the spark gap to build up the pressure in the housing for example, a firing principle according to DE 101 46 728 exhibit. It is also preferred that the ignition element for the spark gap according to DE 10 2004 009 072 is executed.
  • the arc results in an increased pressure in the housing, so that due to the increased pressure of the pressure-sensitive switch, which switches at an increase in pressure, the electrical conductor short-circuits, so that the preferably upstream overcurrent protection, such as the fuse, triggers and shuts off a voltage applied to the conductors fault current.
  • the response of an overcurrent protection is clearly defined, so that the risk, which, as known from the prior art, a comparatively high-impedance arc leads to a delayed response of the overcurrent protection, is excluded.
  • the arc thus burns only very briefly in the housing, and can not destroy it in such a way that emissions such as metal vapor occur. Also advantageous is that due to the short burning time of Arc, which is reduced by the arc pressure increase in the housing so that even small wall thicknesses of the housing to control the pressure sufficient, allowing a cost-effective production of the overvoltage protection element.
  • the overvoltage protection element allows a particularly safe and easy switching off of a circuit such that even with a defective surge and arcing in the housing resulting from the arc pressure in the housing on the pressure-sensitive switch acts such that the pressure-sensitive switch the shunts electrical conductor, so that a preferably upstream overcurrent protection, such as a fuse, triggers, and turns off the circuit or the fault current applied to the conductors.
  • a preferably upstream overcurrent protection such as a fuse
  • the person skilled in the art will coordinate the pressure-sensitive switch and the volume of the housing in such a way that small arcs or arcs that are only under construction will result in a response, ie switching of the pressure-sensitive switch.
  • the person skilled in the art will design the overvoltage protection element in such a way that pressure differences in the housing, which are produced by heating, ambient-atmospheric fluctuations and / or typical vibrations of an industrial plant, do not lead to a response of the pressure-sensitive switch.
  • the pressure-sensitive switch responds so quickly, so switches that no relevant Netzméströme can flow in the arc.
  • the surge arrester can be configured as any surge arrester known from the prior art, for example as a varistor, as a suppressor diode and / or as a gas-filled surge arrester or a spark gap and a combination of the aforementioned components.
  • the housing of the overvoltage protection element is preferably designed pressure-resistant, that is preferably designed such that an increase in the pressure in the housing does not increase the volume contained by the housing.
  • the housing is made of a non-conductive material, such as a plastic, or a metal, so preferably conductive executed.
  • the surge arrester and / or the pressure-sensitive switch are electrically conductively connected to the conductors.
  • the pressure-sensitive switch is configured such that the switch short-circuits the electrical conductors when a predetermined pressure in the housing is exceeded.
  • the predetermined pressure 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% or 50% are above the output pressure of the housing.
  • Under output pressure is the pressure in the housing to understand that prevails when applying no voltage or no current to the electrical conductors in the housing.
  • the pressure-sensitive switch is variably adjustable so that the "response" of the switch can be determined according to an adjustable pressure.
  • a switching mechanism is provided for blocking the switching of the switch and the switching mechanism can be unlocked by the pressure increase and / or by a thermal change in the housing.
  • a spring for applying the switch is provided with spring force such that the spring actuates the switch after unlocking the switching mechanism.
  • the switching operation of the switch is accelerated on the one hand, that is, due to the spring force acting on the switch by the spring, and on the other hand is such defines that only at a pressure increase in the housing and / or by a thermal change in the housing, so for example by an increase in temperature, in particular by an arc, the switch lock is unlocked and thus the switch short circuits the electrical conductors, so that a preferably upstream overcurrent protection, such as a fuse triggers.
  • the switch is irreversibly actuated.
  • irreversible is meant that a once switched switch remains in the switched position.
  • a latching element is provided for latching the switched switch.
  • the latching element may for example be designed as a known from the prior art latching lug with a corresponding receptacle for the latching lug.
  • the latching element is designed such that the latching element magnetically locks the switched switch.
  • the locking element is designed as a magnetic detent by means of solid magnets, as remindblockierende spring mechanisms and / or by welding, soldering or fusion of the switch in the switched position or the short-circuit forming contacts of the switch.
  • the overvoltage protection element has a device for signaling the switched switch.
  • a device for signaling may comprise, for example, a mechanical or optical display device for displaying the state of the overvoltage protection element.
  • a remote message for signaling the state of the overvoltage protection element may be provided, to which then preferably a corresponding change-over contact is designed as a signal generator on the overvoltage protection element.
  • An optical display device may, for example, consist of a color change or a coating applied to the housing Paint layer or film may be formed, the color of which changes depending on the temperature of the housing.
  • the switch may be embodied as any pressure-sensitive switch known from the prior art. According to a further embodiment of the invention, however, it is particularly preferred that the switch is designed as a sliding element. Furthermore, it is preferred that the sliding element is guided between the conductors or the sliding element is guided between a conductor and a wall of the housing. Most preferably, the sliding element is designed as a conductive, electrically conductive, sealing and / or self-locking block shorting bridge. Furthermore, it is preferred that the sliding element is designed as a sliding, electrically insulating and / or dynamically sealing slide with shorting bridge.
  • an insulation between the sliding element and the housing is provided in particular in the case of a housing made of a conductive material.
  • the insulation is preferably made of a non-conductive and / or non-combustible material.
  • a first gas volume is provided in the housing, wherein the first gas volume surrounds the surge arrester and an increase in the pressure of the first gas volume switches the switch.
  • a second gas volume is provided in the housing, the housing has a device for the escape of the second gas volume from the housing and the Turning the switch increases the pressure of the second gas volume such that the second volume of gas escapes through the device from the housing.
  • the first and / or the second gas volume are preferably configured as non-compressible and / or non-flammable or nonflammable gases, for example have a protective gas known from the prior art.
  • the device for the escape of the second gas volume is preferably designed as a bore in the housing and / or as an opening.
  • a thermal separation device is provided for shorting the electrical conductor.
  • Such separation devices are known from the prior art, for example from the DE 93 05 796 U1 or from the US Pat. No. 6,430,019 ,
  • the housing is made of metal and an electrical conductor is electrically connected to the housing.
  • Such an embodiment allows a particularly simple and inexpensive embodiment of the housing.
  • the overvoltage protection element has a pressure-resistant housing 1 and two electrical conductors 2 leading into the housing 1 for the electrical connection of the overvoltage protection element.
  • a surge arrester 3 for limiting an overvoltage of the electrical conductors 2 and a pressure-sensitive switch 4 for shorting the electrical conductors 2 are arranged.
  • the surge arrester 3 is electrically conductively connected to one of the two electrical conductors 2 and to the housing 1 electrically conductive, wherein the metallic and thus electrically conductive housing 1 in turn is electrically connected to the second electrical conductor 2.
  • the pressure-sensitive switch 4 is electrically connected to one of the two electrical conductors 2, wherein a switching contact 5 is provided, which with the electric conductive housing 1, and thus also with the second electrical conductor 2, is electrically connected.
  • the surge arrester 3 is designed as a varistor.
  • a first gas volume 6 is provided in the housing 1, which surrounds the surge arrester 3 and switches the switch 4 when the pressure of the first gas volume 6 is increased. Furthermore, a second gas volume 7 is provided in the housing 1, wherein the second gas volume 7 escapes through a device for escape 8 of the second gas volume 7 from the housing 1 when switching the switch 4.
  • the first gas volume 6 and the second gas volume 7 are designed as non-compressible, non-flammable or non-flammable gases.
  • the means for escape 8 of the second gas volume 7 is, as out Fig. 1 seen, designed as a bore for pressure equalization.
  • the overvoltage protection element has a device for signaling 10 of the switched switch 4, which, for example, on the outside of the housing 1, the switching of the switch 4 can represent color and / or a telecommunications device, such as a control center, can notify.
  • the device for signaling 10 of the switched switch 4 is designed as a movable, driven by the switching contact of the switch 4 pin.
  • a switching lock 11 is provided for blocking the switching of the switch 4, wherein the switching mechanism 11 is unlocked by a pressure increase in the housing 1 and / or by a thermal change in the housing 1, for example, in the increase of the temperature in the housing 1 conditionally by a resulting from a faulty surge arrester arc.
  • a spring 12 is provided for applying the switch 4 with spring force such that the spring 4, the switch 4 is actuated after unlocking the switching mechanism 11, in particular switches.
  • the switch 4 is biased by spring force, so that when an arc occurs in the housing, the switch lock 11 unlocked due to the resulting pressure increase in the housing 1 or temperature increase and the switching of the switch 4 due to the spring 12 accelerated executed becomes.
  • a locking element 13 is provided for locking the switched switch 4.
  • the latching element 13 can be designed, for example, as a latching device known from the prior art, as shown in the figures, as a magnetic latching by means of solid magnets or as a back-blocking spring mechanism. Also possible are a specifically caused welding, soldering or fusion of the short circuit of the switch 4 forming contact points by switching the switch. 4
  • a thermal switch 14 and a spark gap 15 are provided in the housing 1.
  • the thermal switch 14, which is designed as a bimetallic switch, is thermally coupled to the surge arrester 3, so that upon heating, so a temperature increase, the surge 3 of the thermal switch 14 and an ignition element 16, for example, an ignition element 16 as from DE 10 2004 009 072 known, the spark gap 15 ignites, so that in the housing 1, a pressure increase occurs and the pressure-sensitive switch 4, the electrical conductor 2 short-circuits.
  • the spark gap 15 corresponding to a firing principle DE 101 46 728 feature.
  • the pressure in the housing 1 can be increased by a deliberately ignited arc, so that due to the increased pressure of the pressure-sensitive switch 4 switches.
  • the pressure-sensitive switch 4 may, as shown Fig. 4 can be seen as a conductive, electrically conductive, sealing and / or self-return blocking sliding element 17 executed.
  • the sliding element 17 is designed as a shorting bridge 18, which is guided or slides between a conductor 2 and a wall of the housing 1. If the housing 1 is made of a conductive material, it is preferred as out Fig. 4 further evident, a Isolation 20 between the sliding element 17 and the housing 1 provide.
  • the insulation is preferably made of a non-conductive and / or non-combustible material.
  • Fig. 5 shows a further preferred embodiment of the invention with a slidable, electrically insulating, dynamically sealing sliding element 17 with shorting bridge 18.
  • the housing 1 is designed to be electrically conductive and is electrically conductively connected to one of the two conductors 2, the housing 1 is according to FIG Fig. 5 made of a non-conductive material, such as a plastic.
  • an overvoltage protection element which ensures safe disconnection of a fault current applied to the conductor 2 in the event of a faulty surge arrester 3, even with a high power conversion of the electrical conductors 2, in a safe and simple manner.
  • an irreversible pressure-sensitive switch 4 is arranged for short-circuiting the electrical conductors 2 causes a resulting in the housing 1 arc or thereby caused pressure increase in the housing 1 switching the pressure-sensitive switch 4, so that the electrical conductors 2 are short-circuited and an upstream overcurrent protection, such as a Fuses, triggers and shuts off the fault current in the conductors 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Élément de protection contre les surtensions, avec un boîtier (1), au moins deux conducteurs électriques (2) entrant dans le boîtier (1), pour le raccordement électrique de l'élément de protection contre les surtensions, dans lequel
    un dériveur de surtension (3) destiné à limiter une surtension des conducteurs électriques (2) et un commutateur sensible à la pression (4) destiné à court-circuiter les conducteurs électriques (2) sont agencés dans le boîtier (1), caractérisé par un commutateur thermique (14), un éclateur (15) et un élément d'allumage (16),
    dans lequel le commutateur thermique (14) est relié thermiquement au dériveur de surtension (3), et
    le commutateur thermique (14) est conçu de telle façon qu'une commutation du commutateur thermique (14) permet d'allumer l'éclateur (15) à l'aide de l'élément d'allumage (16).
  2. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le commutateur sensible à la pression (4) est conçu de telle façon, que le commutateur (4) court-circuite les conducteurs électriques (2) lors d'un dépassement d'une pression prédéterminée dans le boîtier (1).
  3. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    il est prévu un verrou de commutation (11) destiné à bloquer la commutation du commutateur (4), et
    le verrou de commutation (11) peut être déverrouillé par la hausse de pression et/ou par une modification thermique dans le boîtier (1).
  4. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel
    il est prévu un ressort (12) destiné à précontraindre le commutateur (4) de telle façon avec une force de ressort, que le ressort (12) actionne le commutateur (4) après le déverrouillage du verrou de commutation (11).
  5. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    le commutateur (4) peut être commuté de façon irréversible.
  6. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    il est prévu un élément d'encliquetage (13) destiné à s'encliqueter avec le commutateur (4) commuté.
  7. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon la revendication 6, dans lequel
    l'élément d'encliquetage (13) est conçu de telle façon que l'élément d'encliquetage (13) s'encliquète avec le commutateur (4) commuté de façon magnétique.
  8. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    il est prévu un dispositif destiné à signaler (10) le commutateur (4) commuté.
  9. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    le commutateur (4) est conçu comme un élément coulissant (17).
  10. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    l'élément coulissant (17) est guidé entre les conducteurs (2), ou
    l'élément coulissant (17) est guidé entre un conducteur (2) et une paroi du boîtier (1).
  11. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    il est prévu un premier volume de gaz (6) dans le boîtier (1), le premier volume de gaz (6) entourant le dériveur de surtension (3), et
    une hausse de la pression du premier volume de gaz (6) commute le commutateur (4).
  12. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    il est prévu un deuxième volume de gaz (7) dans le boîtier (1),
    le boîtier (1) comporte un dispositif pour l'échappement (8) du deuxième volume de gaz (7) hors du boîtier (1), et
    la commutation du commutateur (4) fait augmenter la pression du deuxième volume de gaz (7) de telle façon que le deuxième volume de gaz (7) s'échappe hors du boîtier (1) par le dispositif (8).
  13. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    il est prévu un dispositif de séparation destiné à court-circuiter les conducteurs électriques (2).
  14. Élément de protection contre les surtensions selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    le boîtier (1) est conçu en métal et
    un conducteur électrique (2) est relié électriquement au boîtier (1).
EP10763173.1A 2009-10-02 2010-10-01 Elément de protection contre les surtensions Active EP2483976B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009048045A DE102009048045B4 (de) 2009-10-02 2009-10-02 Überspannungsschutzelement
PCT/EP2010/064624 WO2011039342A1 (fr) 2009-10-02 2010-10-01 Elément de protection contre les surtensions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2483976A1 EP2483976A1 (fr) 2012-08-08
EP2483976B1 true EP2483976B1 (fr) 2015-03-04

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EP10763173.1A Active EP2483976B1 (fr) 2009-10-02 2010-10-01 Elément de protection contre les surtensions

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20120268850A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2483976B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102576980B (fr)
DE (1) DE102009048045B4 (fr)
RU (1) RU2497250C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011039342A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009048045A1 (de) 2011-04-14
CN102576980B (zh) 2013-11-27
US20120268850A1 (en) 2012-10-25
WO2011039342A1 (fr) 2011-04-07
RU2497250C1 (ru) 2013-10-27
EP2483976A1 (fr) 2012-08-08
CN102576980A (zh) 2012-07-11
DE102009048045B4 (de) 2011-06-01

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