EP2476813A2 - Steps, in particular attic stairs - Google Patents

Abstract

The staircase (1), particularly attic staircase, has assembly levels (8) with staircase element (2), which is formed in a foldable manner. A carrier element (20) is fixed to a space structure, by which the staircase element is fixed to the space structure in a moving manner. The staircase element is fixed to the carrier element by form-fit connection (16).

Description

The invention relates to a staircase, in particular attic stairs, with a step having stair element, which is preferably formed in several parts foldable, and a fastened to a spatial structure supporting element by means of which the stair member to the spatial structure is movable fastened. Furthermore, the invention relates to a mounting method for a staircase for mounting the stairs to a room structure with a hatch.

Stairs of the type mentioned are used for many years, for example, as attic stairs of attics in houses. Such stairs are usually arranged in or above an attic hatch, which is closed to the underlying floor with a lid, which is preferably integrated flush in the ceiling. The stairs often consist of two- or three-part folding stair elements, which are pivotally mounted on the one hand to a frame which is arranged in the hatch or opening in the ceiling, and on the other hand connected to the lid also pivotally mounted on the frame, so the lid picks up the weight of the stairs. Once such mostly complicated folding staircases were installed by professional fitters, nowadays more and more do-it-yourself stores take place, so that the assembly is also increasingly used by laymen is made. Since stairs of the type mentioned usually have a high weight and have a complex folding mechanism, the installation of such stairs is usually very complex and complicated. The assembly is further complicated by the fact that the mounting space is often very limited in attics. Therefore, some stairs are sold completely pre-assembled, so that the stairs only in the attic hatch must be used. However, this has the disadvantage that the packing dimensions are very large, resulting in uneconomical storage and transport. In addition, the installation of such a staircase due to the high total weight is possible only with several people.

Such a staircase is for example off WO 2005/054595 A1 known. This staircase has a three-part foldable stair element, which is pivotally connected to a frame of an attic hatch or directly to the hatch.

The object underlying the present invention is therefore to provide a staircase and a mounting method, which simplify the installation of a staircase.

This object is achieved with a staircase of the type mentioned above in that the staircase element can be fastened by means of positive connection to the support element.

Thus, according to the invention, an essentially tool-free assembly is possible. The positive connection is preferably designed so that it can be manufactured without tools revisible. Such a floor staircase can for example be designed in such a way that it can be assembled in several steps. It is according to the invention no longer necessary to mount the stairs as a whole, for example, in an attic hatch, but it must only be the formwork element fixed to the support element. Preferably, the positive connection is formed so that the connection of one person alone is revisable. The invention is not limited to hinged, for example, two-piece or three-part hinged stair elements, but it is also applicable to sliding stair elements. In this case, the staircase element can be fastened to the spatial structure in such a way that both pivoting and displacement relative to the spatial structure are possible. In the case of a foldable staircase, essentially a pivotable movement relative to the spatial structure is preferred. If the stairs are arranged in or on a hatch, for example an attic hatch, this is Stair element preferably so movably fastened to the room structure that the stair element is movable through the hatch, or in this is pivotable into it. Preferably, the staircase element is formed ladder-shaped. Such a staircase is preferably only partially pre-assembled. So it is possible to reduce the packing dimensions of a staircase according to the invention, whereby transport, material and storage costs can be reduced.

According to a first preferred embodiment, the support element has at least one first positive locking element and the stair element has at least one corresponding second positive locking element and the stair element can be fastened to the spatial structure by means of these positive locking elements. Preferably, a second positive locking element is arranged at each of an upper end of a spar of the staircase element. By the second positive locking element is formed corresponding to the first positive locking element, a production of the positive connection between the first and the second positive locking element is substantially simplified. In this case, the first positive locking element, for example, be rigidly connected to the support member and / or the spatial structure, the second positive locking element may be rigidly connected to the stair member, and the second positive locking element is movable relative to the first positive locking element, for example, pivotable. In one alternative, the first positive locking element is rigidly connected to the support element and / or the spatial structure, the second element is, if the positive connection is made, rigidly connected to the first positive locking element and the second positive locking element is movably connected to the stair member. In a further alternative, the second positive locking element is rigidly connected to the staircase element, the first positive locking element is, if the positive connection is made, rigidly connected to the second positive locking element and the first positive locking element is movably connected to the support member and / or the space structure. The form-locking elements or the positive connection is preferably designed so that over this the entire weight of the stair member can be worn.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the first positive locking element is substantially attached to a cladding element, in particular box for partially or completely lining an opening in a ceiling. Such an opening may be formed, for example, as an attic hatch. Preferably, such an opening is rectangular. The box or frame will then form Preferably, an inner lining of this opening and also preferably serves to have the first positive locking element and any other elements. By such a box or frame a staircase according to the invention is further simplified, in particular the assembly is simplified. It is possible to pre-assemble the first positive locking element to the box, so that subsequently the box or the frame only has to be arranged and fastened in the opening.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the second positive locking element is pivotally connected to the stair member. So the positive connection is easy to train. The first positive locking element is rigidly connected to the support element and / or the space structure and / or the box, the second positive locking element is, if the positive connection is made rigidly connected to the first positive locking element and the second positive locking element hinged to the stair member. Preferably, the second positive locking element is arranged at an upper end of a spar of a staircase element.

Alternatively, the second positive locking element is pivotally connected to the first positive locking element and at the same time rigidly connected to the staircase element. In this embodiment, the positive connection between the first and second interlocking element allows a relative movement of these to each other, for example, the interlocking elements are pivotally to each other.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first or the second form-fitting element has at least one blocking element which is designed to reversibly prevent a release of the form-fitting connection. Such a blocking element can be designed, for example, by means of a screw, a displaceable or pivotable bolt, a bolt, a split pin or the like. Preferably, the blocking element is designed so that it can be activated without tools. Thus, according to the invention, not only the positive connection between the first and second positive locking element can be produced without tools, but this positive connection can be secured without tools even against unintentional loosening. Preferably, the blocking element is designed so that it secures the form-fitting connection between the first and second positive locking element positively. Depending on the configuration of the first and second form-fitting element, however, a non-positively acting blocking element may also be preferred. By blocking element a staircase according to the invention is advantageously developed further, an assembly is further simplified and the safety of the stairs is increased. Also, the flexibility of such a staircase is larger, since the disassembly is simplified.

In a further alternative embodiment, the first positive locking element is designed as a rotary closure. It preferably has a holding section for mounting the positive-locking element on the hatch box and an engagement section for positive connection with the second positive-locking element. At the engagement portion, a recess is preferably arranged, in which the second positive locking element can be arranged to produce the positive connection. The first form-fitting element preferably also has a turntable which is rotatably arranged. The turntable preferably also has a recess. Preferably, the recesses of the engagement portion are elongate, or arcuate, so that the second interlocking element in these recesses along a path is movable. Preferably, the recesses are formed along a partial circular path about the pivot point of the rotary sprocket. The recess on the turntable is preferably formed such that it is formed substantially corresponding to the second positive-locking element. The second form-fitting element is preferably, if it is arranged in the recess of the turntable, substantially not parallel to a turntable plane of the turntable movable. The recess of the turntable preferably has a clear width which substantially corresponds to the diameter of the one pin of the second form-fitting element. In an unlocked state, the recess of the turntable is preferably substantially congruent with an inlet of the elongated recesses, so that a pin of the second positive locking element can be simultaneously suspended or arranged in the recesses of the engagement section and the turntable. When moving the second positive locking element along the recess of the engaging portion of the turntable is then preferably rotated until the second positive locking element comes into contact with a stop. Thus, the positive connection is made. The second positive locking element can no longer be released radially with respect to the turntable. To lock this positive connection, the hub preferably has a recess on a peripheral surface into which a latching element can engage. Preferably, the locking element is biased by a spring element. The turntable preferably further comprises a handle. Such a design of the positive-locking element is particularly easy to assemble. An inexperienced mechanic can easily insert the second positive locking element into the recesses of the first Forming element are mounted, the hub rotates due to gravity, which acts on the stair member, which is coupled via the second positive locking element with the first and the locking element engages to lock the positive connection.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the second form-fitting element is essentially formed from a flat rod, on which a pin is arranged for coming into contact with the recesses. On the pin is preferably arranged an end cap, which has a larger diameter than the pin, so that the pin is not axially pulled out of the recesses of the first positive-locking element. Two through holes, by means of which the second positive locking element can be screwed to the staircase element, are preferably arranged on the flat rod.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the first form-locking element has two substantially tangentially spaced-behind ribs and the second form-locking element is designed to engage behind these ribs. Such a design of the positive locking elements leads to a particularly simple form-locking connection of the first with the second positive locking element. Preferably, the two ribs are formed in a cross-section at an angle, preferably substantially L-shaped, so that a tangible section is formed. Alternatively, the ribs are formed straight, but arranged angled relative to a surface of the spatial structure. Alternatively, the first positive locking element has grooves and the second positive locking element is configured to engage in these grooves. In a further alternative embodiment, the first form-locking element is substantially corresponding to or designed as a not completely screwed screw. The second positive locking element then preferably has an opening which is formed so that the first positive locking element can be passed through the bore, and a radially arranged extension which is narrow, so that the first positive locking element engages behind the second positive locking element in this narrow extension. In a further alternative, the first and second form-fitting element are designed in accordance with hook and eye. All of these forms lead to simple form-fitting elements, which allow for mounting a substantially hooking the stair member with the second positive locking element in the first positive locking element to the support section.

In a further preferred embodiment, the second positive locking element is substantially disc-shaped and has two ends arranged substantially at an angle to one another. This embodiment is particularly preferred when the first form-locking element has two substantially tangentially spaced behind reachable ribs. Preferably, the ribs are arranged obliquely with respect to a planar extension of the spatial structure, such as a ceiling. In this case, the second form-fitting element is preferably designed substantially in the shape of a trap. Such a trapezoidal disc is well suited to engage behind the ribs arranged at an angle to each other and thus produce a positive connection. Such a design allows easy installation; due to the conical sections of the trapezoid accurate alignment is not mandatory, which further simplifies assembly.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first positive locking element has a stop and the second positive locking element is adapted to cooperate with this stop. Such a defined stop also leads to a defined position of the two positive locking elements against each other. Thus, a staircase element can also be aligned in a defined manner relative to a room structure. In an alternative embodiment, this stop is adjustable. Preferably, the stopper is designed so that it can absorb sufficient forces. Furthermore, such an abutment can serve as an assembly aid, so that even an inexperienced mechanic recognizes whether the interlocking elements are arranged in a suitable position to each other. In a further alternative, the second positive locking element has a stop and the first positive locking element is configured to cooperate with this stop.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first positive locking element has a substantially V- or U-shaped undercut and the second positive locking element is adapted to engage in this undercut. A V-shaped or U-shaped undercut is in a preferred manner as a first positive locking element. Such an undercut is easy to reach behind by a second positive locking element. In addition, such a form-locking element is easy and inexpensive to manufacture. In addition, such a design of the positive locking element provides a secure positive connection, which is adapted to secure a stair member to a room element form fit. Such an undercut can also be designed to be flush in one alternative. V or U-shaped undercuts form by their special shape a stop for the engaging behind positive-locking element and thus also offer an easy way to ensure a defined fit of the second positive locking element. Also, a simple joining of the first positive locking element to the second positive locking element is possible due to the special shape. In a further alternative, the staircase has two form-fitting elements designed in this way or a plurality of such form-fitting elements.

In a further preferred embodiment, the staircase has a supporting device which is adapted to support the staircase element against gravity when it moves relative to the spatial structure. As mentioned above, stairs of the type mentioned are often solid and therefore have a high weight. This may also apply to the stair elements of the present invention. For example, when folding out a staircase according to the invention from an attic hatch in order to pass through it, it is therefore advantageous to provide a device which supports the weight of the staircase element against gravity. Such support means may be partially preassembled on a box or frame so that the weight of the stair member is received by the box or frame.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the support means comprises at least one tension spring and a lever which is pivotally connected to the space structure and the stair member, wherein the pivotal connection with the stair element is formed positively. The lever is preferably divided according to this embodiment in two lever arms and rotatably mounted on the space structure and / or on the box that a spring can absorb a substantial part of the weight of the stair member via the lever. The fact that the lever is pivotally positively connected to the stair member, also making this connection is tool-free executable. The installation of such a staircase is further simplified. In addition, the entire weight of the stair member via the support member or via the lever against the box or frame is supported. If the staircase has a closure or hatch cover which closes the box or frame on the ceiling side, this cover must not absorb any forces according to the invention. As a result, the cover can be made lighter overall, whereby an assembly is further simplified. Further, a lid which does not substantially support forces and substantially no weight of a stair member must be easier and less costly to produce. This also leads to material savings. In an alternative embodiment, the support device has no lever, the spring is then designed so that it interacts directly with the stair member and this supports against the room structure.

In an alternative design, a snap connection is provided for the connection between the support device and stair element or between the lever construction and the stair element. For this purpose, a screw with a substantially round screw head or a mushroom-like projection is arranged on the stair element. At the stair member associated end of the lever construction, a flat body is arranged, which has a substantially pear-shaped recess. The recess is preferably formed as a passage opening. Preferably, the recess has a first portion with a first diameter and a second portion connected to the first portion having a second diameter, wherein the first diameter is greater than or equal to the diameter of the screw or mushroom head and the second diameter smaller than the first diameter is and substantially corresponds to a diameter of the screw or mushroom head shaft. On a side facing away from the screw or mushroom head side of the base plate, a spring plate is preferably arranged, which has a substantially circular recess, preferably through opening. The spring plate is arranged so that a central axis of the passage opening is arranged substantially coaxially to a central axis of the second portion with the smaller diameter. To produce the positive connection between the lever construction and the stair member then the snap connection is to produce. For this purpose, the base plate is such move away with the pear-shaped opening on the screw or mushroom head that this protrudes through the opening. As a result, the screw or mushroom head comes into contact with the spring plate, whereby it is elastically deformed. The spring plate is then biased so that it is biased in its original position (substantially adjacent to the main body). Then, the screw or mushroom head is to be moved along the opening, so that the shaft is arranged in the second section with the smaller diameter and the screw or mushroom head engages behind a portion of the base plate. The screw or mushroom head is then arranged so that the spring plate can snap back and the screw or mushroom head protrudes through the recess. So the positive connection is locked. This is a simple and inexpensive way to make the positive connection. The individual elements are inexpensive and easy to assemble with each other. In addition, the production of the positive connection particularly easy and can also be made by untrained technicians without much effort. A wrong assembly is excluded by the simplicity. Due to the simplicity, the assembly time is reduced.

In a further preferred embodiment, the stair member has at least one lateral cylindrical pin and the lever has at one end a cylindrical sleeve which is adapted to form with the pin a pivotal connection between the lever and the stair member. Such a configuration of the positive connection is particularly simple and allows in a particularly simple manner a pivotal connection. In an alternative, the lever at the lower end of a pin which is adapted to engage in a substantially cylindrical recess on the stair member. In a further alternative, the at least one pin of the stair element is designed as a continuous rod.

In a further preferred embodiment, the pin and / or the sleeve has at least one locking element which is adapted to prevent a release of the positive connection between pin and sleeve revisible. Preferably, the blocking element is designed so that a tool-free activation of the blocking element is possible. Thus, a simple installation of the stairs is developed, and further improves the security of a staircase according to the invention.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the staircase on a hatch cover which is pivotally mounted on the space structure and positively connected to the stair member. In an alternative embodiment, the lid is pivotally mounted on the box or frame. As already mentioned above, such a hatch cover is set up to absorb substantially no forces and essentially no weight of a staircase element. A positive connection between stair element and ceiling is advantageous with respect to a later handling and use of a staircase according to the invention. In this case, the positive connection between hatch and stair element is to be designed so that a relative movement of the two elements to each other is possible. By the lid is positively connected to the stair member, an assembly is further simplified. The positive connection is preferably designed so that it can be produced without tools.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the positive connection between stair element and hatch cover on a blocking element, which is adapted to prevent a release of the positive connection between stair element and hatches reversible. Such a blocking element is preferably designed so that it can be activated without tools. Thus, a mounting of the stairs is further simplified and preferably trained.

In a further preferred embodiment, the hatch cover is essentially formed from an insulating material. This is possible since, according to the invention, the hatch cover must absorb essentially no forces and essentially no weight of a staircase element. Insulation material is generally not suitable for absorbing large forces. By virtue of the lid being essentially formed of an insulating material, thermal insulation between a room and, for example, an attic, between which such a staircase is arranged, is substantially improved. In addition, a hatch, which is essentially formed of an insulating material has a low weight, which on the one hand facilitates assembly, on the other hand advantageously influences the use of a staircase according to the invention.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the hatch cover is formed substantially in one piece. For example, the hatch cover can be formed from a one-piece foam core, which is laminated to improve the appearance of the outer surfaces, or has a thin-walled casing. Or processed in a similar way. Such a hatch cover is particularly easy to manufacture. In addition, such a lid has good insulation properties.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the blocking element has a latching nose. A locking lug is a particularly simple way to form a blocking element. A latching lug is preferably activated automatically when producing the positive connection. Preferably, it engages in a recess and is accessible in the activated state that it can be deactivated without tools. Another advantage of a locking lug is that even an untrained mechanic recognizes whether the latch is engaged. An assembly is thereby further simplified.

The object is achieved in an assembly method of the type mentioned in particular preferably for a staircase according to one of the embodiments described above by the steps: positively connecting a stair member with a Spatial structure in a first position of the staircase element; Locking the positive connection. Such an assembly is particularly feasible in a staircase according to one of the embodiments described above. For example, if the staircase is intended to be arranged in a room structure, for example a ceiling between a room and an attic, as a passage aid for an attic hatch, the first position is a position viewed from the room. The stair element, for example, in a folded or in an unfolded state from this first position with the spatial structure positively connected. Alternatively, the staircase element can be connected to a box or frame or a supporting section. Following the positive connection, the step of locking the positive connection takes place. This step serves to reversibly prevent accidental release of the positive connection. Preferably, both steps are executable without tools, so that the assembly is easy to carry out. In particular, such a mounting is suitable for inexperienced fitters. The time required for such a mounting is reduced according to the invention.

According to a first preferred embodiment of the assembly method, the positive connection of the staircase element with the spatial structure comprises the step of suspending a first positive locking element into a second corresponding positive locking element. Preferably, the positive connection is designed so that this can be carried out by a single person. Hooking is a simple assembly step, which is easily carried out with a stair member. Thus, the weight of the stair element also supports the assembly. The assembly is simplified as a whole.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, the method comprises the steps of: moving the staircase element from the first position to a second position; positively connecting a lever of a support device with the stair member in the second position and locking the positive connection on. If the staircase has a supporting device in order to support the weight of the staircase element with respect to gravity, it is preferable to connect a lever of the supporting device to the staircase element in a form-fitting manner. Preferably, this step is executable in a second position. A second position here is a tilted position of the stairs, or a folded position. In such a position is preferably a spring of a support device in a relaxed state, so that the positive Connecting a lever with the stair member is much easier to carry out. These steps are preferably carried out after the steps of positively connecting a staircase element with a spatial structure in a first position of the staircase element and locking the positive connection. Thus, it is possible, for example, to use the staircase to climb through an opening in the room structure, to move the staircase into the second position, and then to carry out the positive connection of a lever with the staircase element.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the assembly method, the latter has the steps of: positively connecting a hatch cover with the stair element in the first position of the stair element and locking the positive connection. Preferably, these steps are to be carried out as the last steps of the above-mentioned preferred steps and inventive steps of the assembly method. For this purpose, the staircase is preferably to bring or hold in a first position, so that the hatch cover with the staircase element, for example, from the room and not, for example, from the attic is executed. The positive connection is preferably designed so that it can be produced without tools. The locking leads to a fuse, whereby the safety of the stairs is increased by the mounting method according to the invention.

Figur 1

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Treppe in einer perspektivischen Darstellung;

Figur 2

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Treppe in einer geschnittenen Darstellung;

Figur 3

eine vergrößerte Darstellung einer formschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen Treppenelement und Tragelement;

Figur 4

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines ersten Formschlusselements;

Figur 5

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines zweiten Formschlusselements;

Figur 6

eine detaillierte Darstellung einer formschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen Lukendeckel und Treppenelement und zwischen Treppenelement und Hebel;

Figur 7

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Formschlusselements eines Lukendeckels;

Figur 8

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Stange, welche über die zwei Endzapfen eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Treppenelement und Hebel bildet;

Figur 9

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Treppe in einer perspektivischen Darstellung;

Figur 10

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Treppe in einer geschnittenen Darstellung;

Figur 11

eine detaillierte Ansicht einer formschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen Treppenelement und Tragelement;

Figur 12

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines alternativen zweiten Formschlusselements,

Figur 13

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Treppe in einer perspektivischen Darstellung;

Figur 14

die Treppe gemäß dem dritten Ausfühungsbeispiel in einer geschnittenen Darstellung;

Figur 15

eine detaillierte Ansicht einer formschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen Treppenelement und Tragelement;

Figur 16

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines ersten Formschlusselements gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 17 7

eine teilweise durchbrochene Ansicht des Formschlusselements gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 18

eine Draufsicht auf das Formschlusselement gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 19

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines zweiten Formschlusselements gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 20

eine detaillierte Darstellung einer formschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen Lukendeckel und Treppenelement und zwischen Treppenelement und Hebel gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 21

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Formschlusselements eines Lukendeckels gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel;

Figur 22

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Verbindungshebels zwischen Lukendeckel und Treppenelement gemäß dem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel; und

Figur 23

eine detaillierte Ansicht eines Formschlusselements eines Hebels gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel.

The invention is described below with reference to second embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

a first embodiment of a staircase in a perspective view;

FIG. 2

a first embodiment of a staircase in a sectional view;

FIG. 3

an enlarged view of a positive connection between stair element and support element;

FIG. 4

a perspective view of a first positive locking element;

FIG. 5

a perspective view of a second positive locking element;

FIG. 6

a detailed representation of a positive connection between the hatch cover and stair member and between stair member and lever;

FIG. 7

a perspective view of a form-fitting element of a hatch cover;

FIG. 8

a perspective view of a rod, which forms a positive connection between the stair member and lever via the two end pins;

FIG. 9

a second embodiment of a staircase in a perspective view;

FIG. 10

a second embodiment of the stairs in a sectional view;

FIG. 11

a detailed view of a positive connection between stair element and support element;

FIG. 12

a perspective view of an alternative second form-fitting element,

FIG. 13

a third embodiment of a staircase in a perspective view;

FIG. 14

the stairs according to the third Ausfühungsbeispiel in a sectional view;

FIG. 15

a detailed view of a positive connection between stair element and support element;

FIG. 16

a perspective view of a first positive locking element according to a third embodiment;

FIG. 17 7

a partially broken view of the positive-locking element according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 18

a plan view of the positive-locking element according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 19

a perspective view of a second positive locking element according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 20

a detailed illustration of a positive connection between hatch and stair element and between stair member and lever according to the third embodiment;

FIG. 21

a perspective view of a form-fitting element of a hatch cover according to a third embodiment;

FIG. 22

a perspective view of a connecting lever between hatch and staircase element according to the third embodiment; and

FIG. 23

a detailed view of a positive connection element of a lever according to a third embodiment.

The stairs 1 ( FIG. 1 ) has a stair element 2, which is formed of three approximately equal-sized stair elements 2a, 2b, 2c. Each of these stair elements 2a, 2b, 2c has a first spar 4a, 4b, 4c and a second spar 6a, 6b, 6c. Between the bars stages or rungs 8 are arranged (only one rung provided with reference numerals). The three individual stair elements 2a, 2b, 2c are pivotally connected to each other by means of hinges 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d. Furthermore, the staircase 1 has a box or frame 12. This frame 12 is adapted to be arranged in a passage opening of a space structure such as a ceiling between a room and an attic. For this purpose, the frame 12 and / or the passage opening on means for fixing the frame of a through hole, which are not shown here. In addition, the staircase 1 has a hatch cover 14. This hatch cover 14 terminates flush with the frame 12 and closes it to a lower side.

The stair member 2 is pivotally connected at an upper portion 18 via a positive connection 16 with a support member 20, wherein the support member 20 is disposed in the frame 12. About this positive connection 16, the stair member 2 can pivot in a collapsed state through the frame 12, so that the hatch cover 14 can be closed. To support the staircase 1 further comprises a support means 22 which has a first spring 24a and a second spring 24b, which are connected via two corresponding lever structures 26a, 26b with the stair member 2. In addition, the lever construction 26a, 26b is positively connected via a positive connection 28 (only one provided with reference numerals) with the stair member 2. Also, the hatch cover 14 is positively connected via a positive connection 30 (only one provided with reference numerals) with the stair member 2. The hatch cover 14 is pivotally mounted on the frame 12 via a hinge 32 ( FIG. 2 ). Furthermore, the frame 12 has a sealing portion 34, which is arranged on an inner portion of the frame 12. This sealing portion 34 may be formed, for example, as a sealing lip and is adapted to complete with the hatch cover 14 in a closed state so that an insulating effect between the two spaces, which are separated by the spatial structure is achieved.

When mounting the staircase 1, the frame 12 is first to be arranged and fastened in a passage opening of a room structure. Subsequently, the positive connection 16 between the stair member 2 and the support member 20 to the frame 12 to produce and lock. In a next step, the stair member 2 can be folded and pivoted through the frame 12 therethrough. Subsequently, the positive connection 28 between the lever construction 26 a and 26 b of the support means 22 to the stair member 2 to produce. Subsequently, the staircase element can again be pivoted through the frame 12 and be unfolded. Lastly, the positive connection 30 between hatch cover 14 and stair element 2 is to be manufactured and locked.

In the FIGS. 3 to 5 is the positive connection 16 between the stair member 2 and the support member 20 shown in more detail. The first positive locking element 36 is attached to an inner portion of the frame 12 on the support member 20 ( FIG. 3 ). On the pistons 4a, 4b (in FIG. 3 only one shown) is each at an upper portion 18, a connecting element 40 is arranged. This connecting element 40 is pivotally connected to the second positive locking element. The second positive locking element 38 is formed corresponding to the first positive locking element 36, so that the two positive locking elements 36, 38 can cooperate for producing a positive connection. For this purpose, the first form-locking element 36 (FIG. FIG. 4 ) a base plate 42, two obliquely arranged behind reachable ribs 44, 46, a stopper 48 and a locking element 50, which is formed according to this embodiment as a latching lug. The two obliquely arranged ribs 44, 46 are formed in a cross-section substantially L-shaped. Thus, these two ribs 44, 46 form a tangible area. For fixing the first positive locking element to the inner portion of the frame 12, the base plate 42 further comprises four holes 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d. Thus, the first positive locking element 36 can be fastened to the frame, for example by means of screws. In an alternative embodiment, the first positive locking element 36 can be fastened directly to a spatial structure. According to such an alternative embodiment, the staircase 1 has no frame or box 12. In a further alternative embodiment, the first positive locking element 36 is provided integrated in the frame 12. According to such an alternative embodiment, the first positive locking element 36 does not necessarily have a base plate 42 and bores 52a, 52b, 52c, 52d.

The second positive locking element 38 ( FIG. 5 ) is formed so that it with the first positive locking element 36 ( FIG. 4 ) can cooperate to form a positive connection. For this purpose, the second form-fitting element 38 has a substantially disc-shaped section 54 and a support leg 60. The substantially disc-shaped portion 54 is formed according to this embodiment substantially trapezoidal. The two obliquely arranged sides 56, 58 of the trapezoidal disk 54 are arranged in such a way that they engage with the obliquely arranged ribs 44, 46 of the first positive-locking element 36 (FIG. FIG. 4 ) can work together. This is done by the disc 54 at least partially engages behind the ribs 44, 46. A lower side 66 of the disk 54 cooperates with the stop 48 of the first positive-locking element 36 in the positive-locking connection. A distance between this lower side 66 of the disc 54 and an upper side 64 of the disc 54 is selected so that the locking element 50 cooperates with the upper side 64 when the lower side 66 substantially abuts against the stop 48. Via the bore 62 ( FIG. 5 ) in the leg 60 is the second Positive locking element 38 pivotally connected to the connecting element 40 can be connected. Thus, a pivoting of the stair member relative to the space structure in an assembled state is possible.

To produce the positive connection, the first positive locking element 36 and the second positive locking element 38 are to be engaged. This can be effected according to this embodiment as follows: Related to FIG. 4 the second positive locking element 38 is pushed from above with the disc 54 behind the ribs 44, 46. In this case, the spring-mounted locking lug 50 is depressed. The second positive locking element 38 is pushed so long relative to the first positive locking element 36 until the lower side 66 abuts substantially against the stop 48. The latch now snaps automatically out again and snaps so next to the upper side 64 of the disc 54 a. Thus, the positive connection between the first positive locking element 36 and the second positive locking element 38 is secured against unintentional release of this connection. Preferably, the locking lug 50 is resiliently mounted so that it can be lowered without tools, for example by pressing into the base plate 42 of the first positive locking element 36, so disengage the second positive locking element 38 with the first positive locking element 36 is possible without tools.

The FIGS. 6 to 8 relate to the positive connection 28 between the support means 22 and the stair member 2 and the positive connection 30 between stair member 2 and hatch cover 14th

According to this embodiment, a first hatch-side positive locking element 68 is arranged on the hatch cover 14 for the positive connection 30, which cooperates with a second positive locking element 70. The second form-fitting element 70 is mounted according to this embodiment by means of a connecting element 72 pivotally mounted on a lever construction 26 a, 26 b of the support means 22. In an alternative embodiment, the second positive locking element 70 is pivotally mounted on the stair member 2 by means of a connecting element 72 and / or a further connecting element. The positive connection 30 is similar to the positive connection 16 is formed. For this purpose, the first hatch lid-side form-fitting element 68 (FIG. FIG. 7 ) a base plate 78, two engage behind ribs 80, 82, a stop 84 and a locking element 86 which is designed as a latching nose, on. The second form-fitting element 70 is substantially disc-shaped and has a leg over which it is pivotally connected to the connecting element 72 ( FIG. 6 ). For fastening the first positive-locking element 68 (FIG. FIG. 7 ), the base plate 78 on three holes 88 a, 88 b, 88 c. Thus, the positive-locking element 68 can be fastened to the hatch cover 14, for example by means of screws. The locking lug 86 is in turn formed so that it is pressed down in a joining operation of the second positive locking element 70 to the first positive locking element 68, and automatically snaps out after joining and so engages behind the second positive locking element 70. The positive connection 30 is thereby secured against accidental release. The assembly of this positive connection 30 is essentially carried out according to the assembly of the positive connection 16.

The positive connection 28 between the support means 22 and the lifting structure 26a, 26b with the stair member 2 is according to this embodiment by means of two connecting pieces 74, 75 (FIG. FIG. 6 . FIG. 8 ), which are arranged laterally next to the bars 4a, 6a of the stair element 2a. At one end of the lifting structure 26a, 26b, a cylindrical sleeve 76 (only one provided with reference numerals) is arranged therefor. In this embodiment, the two sockets 74, 75 sit on a common rod 73 (FIG. FIG. 8 ), which is passed through the stair member 2a and through both beams 4a, 6a, so that the two stubs 74, 75 protrude on both sides of the stair member 2a. The nozzles 74, 75 in this case have a first section with a first diameter and a second section 90a, 90b with a second diameter. This second diameter is slightly smaller than the first diameter, whereby at each neck 74, 75 a shoulder 92a, 92b is formed. The inner diameter of the sleeve 76 is chosen so that the sleeve on the portion 90 a, 90 b is axially slidable and the shoulder 92 a, 92 b serves as a stop for the sleeve 76. Respectively adjacent to the ends of the rod 73, locking elements 94a, 94b are arranged in each connection piece 74, 75, which locking elements are designed here as latching lugs. These locking lugs 94a, 94b can be pushed radially into the rod 73 and are resiliently mounted on this. When mounting the positive connection 28, the sleeve 76 is pushed onto the nozzle end 90a, 90b, whereby the locking lug 94a, 94b slides radially into the rod 73. The length of the sleeve 76 is dimensioned such that the detent 94a, 94b can engage behind the sleeve 76 when it is pushed against the shoulder 92a, 92b substantially. Thus, the detent 94a, 94b forms a safeguard against unintentional release of the positive connection 28. In an alternative embodiment, the nozzles not arranged on a common rod 73, but each individually arranged on the stair member 2. In an alternative embodiment, the stair member 2, or the spars 4a, 4b, 4c, 6a, 6b, 6c on substantially cylindrical holes, and on the lever construction 26a, 26b, respectively, a cylindrical pin are arranged, which is adapted to in the substantially cylindrical bore on the bars 4a, 4b, 4c, 6a, 6b, 6c to grip.

The FIGS. 9 to 12 show an alternative embodiment of the staircase 101, and the positive connection 116 between the stair member 102 and support member 120th

According to this second exemplary embodiment, the staircase 101 has a staircase element 102, which is designed in three parts and consists of three staircase elements 102a, 102b, 102c. Each stair element has two bars 104a, 104b, 104c, 106a, 106b, 106c, between which steps or rungs 108 (only one provided with reference numerals) are arranged. The three stair elements 102a, 102b, 102c are pivotally connected to one another by means of hinges 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d. Furthermore, the staircase 101 has a box or frame 112, which is adapted to be arranged in a passage opening in a spatial structure. The stair member 102 is pivotally connected in an upper portion 118 by means of a positive connection 116 to a support portion 120 of the frame 112. Furthermore, the staircase 101 has a support device 122, which is adapted to support the weight of the staircase element when folding or unfolding against gravity. For this purpose, this support device 122 has two rail structures 126a, 126b, which connect the staircase element 102 to the frame 122. Furthermore, the support 122 has two tension springs 124a (only one shown). These tension springs 124a are stretched between stair member 102 and frame 112. Furthermore, the staircase 101 has a hatch cover 114, which is connected via a hinge 132 pivotally connected to the frame 112. This hatch cover 114 terminates flush with the frame in a closed condition. For better insulation, the frame 112 in an inner portion 134 on a sealing portion which may be formed, for example, as a sealing lip. The hatch cover 114 is adapted to cooperate with this sealing portion 134 and so good insulation between the two spaces, which are separated by the space structure to produce. According to this embodiment, the hatch cover 114 is not connected to the stair member 102. Preferably, the hatch cover 114 is substantially integrally formed and formed substantially of an insulating material. This will be an isolation between the two spaces separated by the spatial structure even better possible. This is possible according to the invention, since the lid 114, like the lid 14, does not have to absorb any forces. All forces of the stair elements 2 and 102 are received via the positive connection 16 or 116 and the support means 22 and 122, respectively.

According to this embodiment, the positive connection 116 between the stair member 102 and support member 120 is simplified ( FIG. 11 . FIG. 12 ). The first positive locking element 136 is substantially similar or formed as a screw, which is not fully screwed into the support member 120 at the inner portion of the frame 112. The second positive locking element 138 is configured to cooperate with this first positive locking element 136. The second positive locking element 138 is connected via a connecting element 140 pivotally connected to an upper portion 118 of the stair member 102. For this purpose, the second form-locking element 138 is formed substantially corresponding to an angle ( FIG. 12 ). The positive-locking element 138 accordingly has two legs 200, 202. The first leg 200 is configured to cooperate with the first positive locking element 136, the second leg 202 is adapted to realize the pivotal connection with the connecting element 140. In the first leg 200, a recess 204 is arranged, which is designed according to a bulb or a light bulb. It has a first substantially cylindrical passage opening 206 whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the corresponding "screw head" of the first positive locking element 136. Further, the through hole 204 has a radially extending away from the cylindrical opening 206 recess 208 which a Width, which is slightly wider than the "screw shank" of the first positive locking element 136, but narrower than the diameter of the "screw head" of the first positive locking element 136th

When mounting the positive connection 116, the second positive locking element 138 with the substantially cylindrical opening 206 to lead over the first positive locking element 136, by pulling down the stair member 102 together with the second positive locking element 138, the opening 208 slides over the first positive locking element 136. The form-fitting Connection is then established. A locking of this positive connection 116 can, for example, pass through a further "screwing" of the first positive locking element 136. Alternatively, for example, a screw through the opening 212 in the first leg 200 of the second positive locking element 138 in the frame 112 can be screwed.

The FIGS. 13 to 23 show a staircase 201 or a positive connection 216 between stair member 202 and support member 220 and a positive connection 230 between hatch cover 214 and stair member 202 and a positive connection 228 between the lever construction 226a, 226b and stair member 202 according to a third embodiment. The same and similar elements are labeled with reference numerals increased by 100 in relation to the second embodiment and references increased by 200 in relation to the first embodiment. In this respect, reference is made in full to the above descriptions. Of course, parts or the entire embodiment may be combined with parts or all of the foregoing embodiments.

The staircase 201 ( Fig. 13 ) is essentially like staircase 1 according to Fig. 1 designed. Differences arise essentially from the positive connection 216 between stair element 202 and support element 220, the connection of the lever structures 226a, 226b with the stair element 202 and the design of the connecting element 272 and the positive connection 230 between the hatch cover 214 and stair member 202 by means of the connecting element 272nd

The design of the positive connection 316 according to a third embodiment and the design of the first positive locking element 236 and the second positive locking element 238 is in particular from the FIGS. 15 to 19 seen. While in Fig. 15 the staircase 201 is shown in an assembled state, therefore, therefore, the positive connection 216 is made, illustrate the FIGS. 16 to 19 the first positive locking element 236 and the second positive locking element 238 separately.

According to this embodiment, the first positive locking element 236 is rigidly connected to the supporting element 220 and the second positive locking element 238 is rigidly connected to the bars 224a and 224b. In the assembled state (see Fig. 15 ) However, the second positive locking element 238 is pivotally formed to the first positive locking element 236. For this purpose, the second positive locking element 238 has a cylindrical pin 338 on ( Fig. 19 ) pivotally mounted in recesses 306, 308, 310 ( Fig. 16 ) of the first positive locking element 236 is mounted (see. Fig. 15 ).

The first positive locking element 236 is according to this embodiment ( FIGS. 16 to 18 ) designed as a rotary closure. It has a holding section 237a for mounting against the hatch box 212 and an engagement section 237b for the positive connection with the second form-fitting element 238. At the engagement portion 237, a recess 306, 308 is arranged, in which the second positive locking element 238, in particular the pin 338 can be suspended. The recesses 306, 308 are formed according to this embodiment in two angles 302, 304, which also form the engagement portion 237b and the holding portion 237a or have. Between the two angles 302, 304, a turntable 250 is rotatably arranged around the bearing 314. The turntable 250 also has a recess 310. While the recesses 306, 308 at the angles 302, 304 are elongated, or arcuate, so that the second form-fitting element 238 or the pin 338 in these recesses 306, 308 along a path is movable, the recess 310 of the hub 250th formed such that it is formed substantially corresponding to the second positive locking element 238. The second form-fitting element 238, insofar as it is arranged in the recess 310, can not be moved substantially parallel to a turntable plane of the turntable 250. The recess 310 has a width which substantially corresponds to the diameter of the pin 338. In an unlocked state (as in FIGS. 16 to 18 the recess 310 of the turntable 250 is congruent with an inlet of the elongated recesses 306, 308, so that the second form-fitting element 238 can simultaneously be suspended or arranged in all three recesses 306, 308, 310. When moving the second form-fitting element 238 along the recesses 306, 308, the rotary disk 250 is then rotated until the second form-fitting element 238 comes into contact with the stop 330 of the recesses 306, 308. Thus, the positive connection is made. To lock this positive connection, the hub 250 on a circumferential surface on a recess 328 into which a pivotally mounted about the pivot bearing 320 locking element 251 engages. For this purpose, the latching element 251, which is formed substantially rod-shaped, biased by a spring plate 332. The spring plate is at one end with the locking element 251 in contact and at the other end with a support body 334 which is secured by means of two rivets 316, 318 between the angles 302, 304. Optionally, instead of the rivets, other connecting means, For example, screws for fixing the support body 334 between the angles 302, 304 are provided. To release the locking element 251 this is to pivot, so that it comes out of the recess 328 and releases the hub. For this purpose, at the angles 302, 304 recesses 322, 324 are arranged so that a user can press down with a thumb, for example, a portion of the locking element 251, whereby the locking element 251 is disengaged from the recess 328 and the spring plate 332 is elastically deformed. Subsequently, the turntable can be turned back, for example by means of the handle 312, so that the recess 310 of the turntable 250 is congruent with the inlets of the recesses 306, 308 and the second positive locking element 238 can be brought out of engagement with the first positive locking element 236. On the handle 312, a further recess 326 is arranged so that the turntable 250 is not rotatable beyond this point.

The second positive locking element ( Fig. 19 ) is essentially formed from a flat rod 336, on which a pin 338, for coming into contact with the recesses 306, 308, 310 (see FIGS. 16 to 18 ) is arranged. Arranged on the journal 338 is an end cap 340, which has a larger diameter than the journal 338, so that the journal 338 can not be withdrawn axially from the recesses 306, 308, 310 of the first positive-locking element 236. Two through holes 342, 344 are arranged on the flat rod 336, by means of which the second positive locking element 238 can be screwed to the stair element 202 or to the bars 204a, 204b. According to this embodiment ( FIGS. 20 to 22 ) is arranged for the positive connection 230 to the hatch cover 214, a first hat-side positive locking element 268, which cooperates with a second positive locking element 270. The second form-fitting element 270 is mounted according to this embodiment by means of a connecting element 272 pivotally mounted on the stair member 202 and the spar 204a, 204b. For this purpose, the connecting element 272 (see. Fig. 22 ) has a through hole 275, by means of which the connecting element 272 with the stair member 202 can be screwed. Furthermore, the second positive locking element 270, which is designed as a shoe, pivotally connected by means of a pivot bearing 273 with the connecting element 272.

The positive connection 230 is similar to the positive connection 30 according to FIG FIGS. 6 and 7 educated. In contrast to the hatch cover-side positive locking element 78 (FIG. Fig. 7 ) has the hatch cover-side positive-locking element 268 ( Fig. 21 ) has a movable abutment member 284 which is biased by a coil spring 287 disposed in a housing 285. As well as the form-locking element 68, the positive-locking element 268 has a base plate 278, two engage behind ribs 280, 282 and a locking element 286, which is designed as a latching lug. To connect the positive connection 230, the positive locking element 270 is in the channel, which is formed by the engage-behind ribs 280, 282, insert substantially until it comes into contact with the stopper 284, so that the locking element 286 protrudes and locks the positive connection is.

An essential function of the spiral spring 287 is to brake the movement of the staircase 201 or of the stair element 202 during the closing operation, so that the pulling force on the hatch cover 214 is reduced. This advantageously prevents the fastening elements between the hatch cover and stairs, in particular the positive connection 230 and / or the positive connection 216 between stair element 202 and support element 220 are damaged or torn.

By the stop member 284 is movably mounted and biased leaves the positive connection 30 according to the FIGS. 20 to 22 small relative movements of the positive-locking element 270 to the positive-locking element 268 too. This is advantageous when the staircase 201 is not mounted exactly, and for example when climbing the stair member 202 slight relative movements between stair member 202 and hatch cover 214 occur. These can be absorbed by the displacement of the positive-locking element 270 relative to the positive-locking element 268.

The interlocking connection 280 between lever construction 226a, 226b and stair member 202 is according to the third embodiment ( Fig. 13 and 23 ) also different from the first embodiment ( Fig. 1 . Fig. 6 and Fig. 8 ) educated. According to Fig. 23 On the lever construction 226, a snap-fit closure 350 is arranged, which can cooperate for positive connection and locking with a screw head, a rivet head or a mushroom-like projection, which is arranged on the stair member 202 at a corresponding location. The snap closure 350 has a substantially planar main body 351, in which a substantially pear-shaped through-opening 352 is arranged. The passage opening 352 has a first section 354 with a first diameter and a second section 353 with a second Diameter. The diameter of the first portion 354 is equal to or greater than the diameter of the screw or mushroom head disposed on the stair member 202 (not shown in the figures). The diameter of the second portion 353 is smaller than the diameter of the screw head or mushroom head, but greater than or equal to the diameter of the shank of the screw or the mushroom head. On one side of the base plate 351, preferably the side facing away from the screw head or mushroom head, a spring plate 355 is arranged and connected by means of two rivets 356, 357 with the base body 351. The spring plate 355 has a circular passage opening 358 which has substantially the same diameter as the first section 354 of the passage opening 352. However, the through hole 358 is not disposed concentrically with the portion 354, but offset so as to be substantially concentric with a central axis of the portion 353. For connecting the positive connection 228, the base plate 351 of the lever construction 226 is now to be brought against the screw head or mushroom head such that the screw head or mushroom head is guided through the passage opening 354. As a result, the screw or mushroom head comes into contact with the spring plate 355, and moves it away from the base plate 351 such that the spring plate 355 is elastically deformed, bent away and thereby a restoring force is moved, which biases the spring plate back to the starting position. If the base plate 351 is moved relative to the screw or mushroom head in such a way that it is moved along the passage opening 352 into the region of the second section 353, so that the shaft is arranged in this section, the spring plate 355 is reset; or mushroom head protrudes through the through hole 358 of the spring plate 355 and the positive connection is locked. The screw or mushroom head can not be moved back into the first section 354 and the positive connection can not be solved. To release this connection, the spring plate 355 has to be manually bent away from the base body 351 and the mushroom head or screw head has to be moved in the direction of the first section 354 of the through hole 352 and the base body 351 has to be removed from the screw or mushroom head.

Claims (16)

Staircase (1, 101, 201), in particular a floor staircase, with a staircase element (2, 102, 202) having steps (8, 108, 208), which is preferably foldable in several parts, and a support element (20, 120) attachable to a room structure , 220), by means of which the staircase element (2, 102, 202) can be fastened movably to the spatial structure,
characterized in that the stair member (2, 102, 202) by means of positive connection (16, 116, 216) on the support member (20, 120, 220) can be fastened. Staircase according to claim 1,
characterized in that the support element (20, 120, 220) has at least one first positive locking element (36, 136, 236) and the stair element (2, 102, 202) has at least one corresponding second positive locking element (38, 138, 238), and the staircase element (2, 102, 202) can be fastened to the spatial structure by means of these positive locking elements (36, 38, 136, 138, 236, 238). Staircase according to claim 2,
characterized in that the first positive locking element (36, 136, 236) is substantially fixed to a cladding element (12, 112, 212), in particular box for partially or completely lining an opening in a ceiling. Staircase according to one of claims 2 or 3,
characterized in that the second positive locking element (38, 138, 238) is pivotally connected to the stair member (2, 102, 202) and / or the first positive locking element (36, 136, 236). Staircase according to one of claims 2 to 4,
characterized in that the first or the second form-fitting element (36, 38, 136, 138, 236, 238) has at least one blocking element (50, 250, 251) which is adapted to release the positive connection (16, 116, 216 ) reversibly. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by support means (22, 122, 222) adapted to support the stair member (2, 102, 202) against gravity as it moves relative to the space structure. Staircase according to claim 6,
characterized in that the support means (22, 122, 222) comprises at least one tension spring (24a, 24b, 124a, 124b, 224a, 224b) and a lever (26a, 26b, 126a, 126b, 226a, 226b) pivotally connected to the space structure and the stair member (2, 102) is connected, wherein the pivotable connection (28) with the stair member (2, 102) is formed positively. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized by a hatch cover (14, 114, 214) which is pivotally mounted on the space structure and positively connected (30, 230) to the stair member (2, 102, 202) is connected. Staircase according to claim 8,
characterized in that the positive connection (30, 230) between stair element (2, 102, 202) and hatch cover (14, 114, 214) has a blocking element (86, 286) which is adapted to release the positive connection ( 30, 230) between step element (2, 102, 202) and hatch cover (14, 114, 214) to prevent reversible. Staircase according to claim 8 or 9,
characterized in that the hatch cover (14, 114, 214) is formed substantially of an insulating material. Staircase according to one of claims 8 to 10,
characterized in that the hatch cover (14, 114, 214) is substantially in one piece. Staircase according to one of claims 5 to 11,
characterized in that the blocking element (50, 86, 94a, 94b, 250, 251) has a latching nose. Installation method for a staircase (1, 101, 201), preferably a staircase according to one of Claims 1 to 18, for mounting the staircase (1, 101, 201) on a room structure with a hatch (14, 114),
characterized by the steps: - Form-fitting connection of a stair element (2, 102, 202) with a spatial structure in a first position of the stair member; - Locking the positive connection. Mounting method according to claim 13,
characterized in that the positive connection of the stair element (2, 102, 202) with the spatial structure comprises the step of suspending a first positive locking element (38, 138, 238) in a second corresponding positive locking element (36, 136, 236). Mounting method according to claim 13 or 14,
characterized by the steps: Moving the staircase element (2, 102, 202) from the first position to a second position; - positively connecting a lever (26a, 26b, 126a, 126b, 226a, 226b) of a support means (22, 122, 222) with the stair member (2, 102, 202) in the second position; - Locking the positive connection. Mounting method according to one of claims 13 to 15,
characterized by the steps: - positively connecting a hatch cover (14, 114, 214) with the stair member (2, 102, 202) in the first position of the stair member (2, 102, 202); - Locking the positive connection.

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