Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
  • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
  • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
  • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors

Definitions

• the invention relates to a system for storing electrical energy according to the closer defined in the preamble of claim 1.
• the invention also relates to a memory cell for storing electrical energy.
• Such systems for storing electrical energy comprise individual memory cells, which are electrically interconnected, for example, in series and / or in parallel.
• Vehicles and especially commercial vehicles occur are preferably used as memory cells with sufficient energy content and high performance.
• accumulator cells in lithium-ion technology or, in particular, memory cells in the form of very powerful double-layer capacitors can be used.
• These capacitors are also referred to in the art as supercapacitors, supercaps or ultracapacitors. Regardless of whether
• Energy content are used in such systems, which consist of a plurality of memory cells, which can be connected in total or in blocks in series with each other, the voltage of the individual
• the life of the memory cell is generally drastically reduced.
• Memory cells which are connected in series with the memory cells with lower operating voltage, have a slightly higher voltage and at
• Resistor is connected in parallel to each individual memory cell and thus a constant unwanted discharge and also a heating of the system for storing electrical energy takes place, is also an active
• Threshold switch connected in parallel with the memory cell and in series with the resistor.
• This construction also referred to as bypass electronics, can only ever flow a current when the operating voltage of the cell is above a predetermined threshold voltage. As soon as the voltage of the individual memory cell falls again in a range below the predetermined threshold voltage, the switch is opened and no current flows. Due to the fact that the electrical resistance across the switch is overridden whenever the voltage of the individual memory cells is below the predetermined limit, an unwanted discharge of the entire system for storing electrical energy may also occur
• a supercapacitor memory for hybrid city buses typically consists of several hundred series-connected supercapacitor cells, most of which are divided into several modules.
• the supercapacitor memory is advantageously unloaded before the work to exclude any danger to the service or repair personnel.
• This requires handling with additionally provided suitable external components to terminals, which can be under dangerous high voltages depending on the state of charge and are performed on the very high performance.
• these ports are sometimes difficult to access, so this work may only be performed by specially qualified personnel.
• it is disadvantageous in this method that cells which have a lower state of charge or a lower capacitance in comparison with other memory cells can be reversed if the entire memory or the entire module is discharged.
• Manufacturing tolerances which may have an increased self-discharge result as well as by a different rapid aging of the memory cells due to, for example, a non-uniform cooling in the module or in the entire memory. Such a polarity reversal reduces the life of the affected memory cells and should be avoided.
• the life of the system for storing electrical energy is in the described hybrid drives and especially in hybrid drives for commercial vehicles such as buses in urban transport of decisive importance
• the invention provides a system for storing electrical energy, comprising a plurality of memory cells, each having an operating voltage have, wherein parallel to a memory cell, an electrical load and a switching element are arranged in series with the consumer and wherein - the switching element is closed when reaching or exceeding a threshold voltage.
• the system according to the invention comprises a control device, which is adapted to control the switching element so that the
• Memory cell is discharged via the electrical load.
• the memory cell can be discharged via the electrical load up to a discharge voltage.
• a discharge voltage the system for storing electrical energy up to or below a here called discharge voltage
• a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the switching element can be controlled via a contactless transmission device.
• Transmission device is a separation amplifier, in particular an optocoupler. This allows a separation between lines and devices, via which energy is supplied to the memory or is taken over the energy from the memory, and control lines and control devices that are served by service or maintenance personnel. In particular, a galvanic isolation between control lines and high-voltage lines is possible, so that a particularly high level of security is achieved can be.
• the isolation amplifier can alternatively be realized by an inductive or optionally capacitive coupling and thus also allow a galvanically separated from the memory cells control of the switching elements.
• the contactless transmission device With regard to the arrangement of the contactless transmission device, on the one hand it can be provided that from the plurality of memory cells of each memory cell a contactless transmission device is assigned. This allows a targeted control of each memory cell and thus a particularly safe and gentle discharge for the individual memory cell. In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the contactless
• Transmission device is arranged at the memory cell. Thus, there is a direct, spatial assignment of the contactless transmission device to the memory cell.
• a contactless transmission device is assigned to a plurality of memory cells.
• a contactless transmission device two adjacent cells or a whole module, consisting of several memory cells, drive. This reduces the circuitry and electronic complexity and thus represents a particularly cost-effective to be implemented alternative.
• Control device is arranged.
• the transmission device can be integrated into the control device or arranged in its spatial proximity.
• Memory cell comprises influencing the threshold voltage. For example, the threshold voltage of the memory cell on the
• Unloading voltage can be controlled so that the memory cell is discharged via the electrical load.
• the switching element can be closed by the control device.
• control device is connected by means of a bus line to the switching element. This enables efficient driving of a plurality of memory cells. In particular, not only the transmission of the discharge signal or of the threshold voltage value changed to the discharge voltage value can be effected by the
• Control device to be provided to the memory cell, but also, for example, the transmission of the current operating voltage value or the current threshold voltage value from the memory cell to the
• Control device This allows, for example, the creation of an accurate image of the memory state of the system for storing electrical energy or the respectively detected module of the system.
• the consumer is a resistor, but alternatively other means for dissipating electrical energy, such as by means of directed radiation, may be provided.
• the memory cell can be designed as a so-called supercapacitor, ie as a double-layer capacitor.
• the switching element a In a simple embodiment, the switching element a
• control device can then either set the threshold of the threshold switch to the discharge voltage by means of a signal or data bus or
• the switching element can be driven via a contactless transmission device in such a way that the voltage of the memory cell drops to or below a discharge voltage.
• the contactless transmission device directly to the
• the contactless transmission device may be, for example, a buffer amplifier, in particular an optocoupler.
• FIG. 1 shows an exemplary construction of a hybrid vehicle
• Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a
• a hybrid vehicle 1 shows an example of a hybrid vehicle 1 is indicated. It has two axles 2, 3 each with two wheels 4 indicated by way of example.
• the axle 3 is intended to be a driven axle of the vehicle 1, while the axle 2 merely travels in a manner known per se.
• a transmission 5 is shown by way of example, which is the power of a
• Internal combustion engine 6 and an electric machine 7 receives and in the area of the driven axle 3 passes.
• the electric machine 7 alone or in addition to the drive power of
• Internal combustion engine 6 drive power in the region of the driven axle 3 and thus drive the vehicle 1 or support the drive of the vehicle 1.
• the electric machine 7 can be operated as a generator, so as to recover the braking power and store it accordingly.
• the vehicle 1 when using the vehicle 1 as a city bus for
• a system 10 for storing electrical energy must be provided in this case, which a
• Energy content in the order of 350 - has 700 Wh. This can be energies, which, for example, in an approximately 10 seconds long
• Braking process arise from such a speed, via the electric machine 7, which will typically have an order of about 150 kW, convert into electrical energy and store them in the system 10.
• the structure according to FIG. 1 has an inverter 9, which is designed in a manner known per se with an integrated control device for the energy management.
• the energy flow between the electric machine 7 and the system 10 for storing electrical energy is correspondingly coordinated via the converter 9 with the integrated control device.
• the control device ensures that when braking in the area of then driven by a generator
• the control device in the inverter 9 coordinates the removal of electrical energy from the system 10 in order to
• System 10 for storing electrical energy according to an embodiment.
• various types of system 10 for storing electrical energy are conceivable.
• a system 10 is constructed such that a plurality of memory cells 12 are typically connected in series in the system 10.
• These memory cells may be accumulator cells and / or supercapacitor cells or any combination thereof.
• the memory cells 12 are all designed as supercapacitors, that is to say as double-layer capacitors, which are used in a single system 10 for storing electrical energy in the vehicle 1 equipped with the hybrid drive.
• the structure may, however, preferably in a commercial vehicle, such as a
• the memory cells 12 can be seen in FIG. Only three of several serially connected memory cells 12 are shown. These form a first module A in a series of further non-imaged memory cells. Further modules B, C are also shown schematically. The exact number of modules varies depending on the purpose of the system. In the above embodiment and a corresponding electrical
• each of the memory cells 12 has an electrical load connected in parallel to the respective memory cell 12 in the form of an ohmic resistor 14. This is in series with a switching element 16 parallel to each of the memory cells 12, in this case in parallel with each of the
• the switch 16 is designed as a threshold value and shown only schematically.
• the threshold switch 16 includes a voltage monitoring of the supercapacitor 12. As soon as the
• Supercapacitor 12 exceeds an upper threshold voltage, the switch 16 is closed, so that via the resistor 14, a current from the
• Supercapacitor 12 can flow. This reduces the charge in the capacitor and thus also the voltage accordingly.
• the threshold value switch 16 is connected to a bus 20 via an optocoupler 18 and corresponding data or signal lines. Also connected to the data bus 20 is a control device 22.
• the control device 22 is adapted to control the arranged on the memory cells 12 opto-coupler 18 by means of the bus 20.
• Memory cells 12 as already mentioned, divided into modules A, B and C.
• the module A is, as already described, equipped with memory cells 12 whose
• Threshold 16 via an optocoupler 18 can be controlled.
• the individual optocouplers 18 of the respective memory cell 12 are individually via the Data bus 20 controlled by the controller 22, that is, it can be issued for each individual memory cell 12, a discharge command.
• the memory cells 12 of the module B are each likewise provided with optocouplers 18 for controlling the threshold value switch 16.
• the interconnection of the optocouplers is realized so that only for all optocouplers 18 together the discharge signal to the threshold value 16 can be transmitted.
• the discharge of the module B is uniform for all the memory cells 12 contained therein.
• the module C also has memory cells 12, which via a
• Threshold 16 and a resistor 14 can be discharged.
• the triggering of the threshold value switch 16 does not take place via an optocoupler, but via an inductive coupler 24.
• the interconnection is similar to that realized in module B, that is, all memory cells 12 can only be discharged uniformly.
• this represents only an exemplary embodiment.
• all concepts of the modules A - C can be combined with each other.
• Another variant, not shown here, is for a module, i. for a plurality of memory cells, to provide a single isolation amplifier capable of transmitting a uniform discharge command to the plurality of memory cells.
• the invention uses the existing bypass electronics for discharging the memory, by an inexpensive
• Circuit extension can be added. This can, as already mentioned, be realized by an isolating amplifier such as an optocoupler 18 or by an inductive coupling 24. About this isolation amplifier, which the bypass electronics from each other and the outside world from the high
• the bypass electronics can be turned on with a small signal voltage from outside the module or the entire memory, for example via the controller 22. This Switching state can be maintained until the supercapacitor cells 12 are completely discharged or the total voltage of the system 10 has returned to a non-hazardous level. As already mentioned, a detection of the voltage of the individual cells 12, an entire module or the total voltage of the system can also take place, for example, via the bus 20. Since each cell is discharged for itself, so there is also no risk of polarity reversal of the capacitors 12. With a leakage current of the bypass electronics of 1 A while the cell voltage drops by 1 V in 50 minutes, so that in this numerical example in about 2 hours the store would be considered unloaded. Of course, other leakage currents can occur depending on the electrical consumer used.
• the thermal energy occurring can be dissipated via the systemic cooling of the memory or the module which is usually present in these systems. Thus, no further precautions are to be taken in this regard.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Citations (2)

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• 2009
  • 2009-08-27 DE DE102009039160A patent/DE102009039160A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-07-16 US US13/391,611 patent/US20120200267A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-07-16 KR KR1020127007727A patent/KR20120080585A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-07-16 RU RU2012111678/07A patent/RU2012111678A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-07-16 WO PCT/EP2010/004352 patent/WO2011023264A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-07-16 EP EP10734922A patent/EP2471156A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-07-16 CN CN2010800378458A patent/CN102742110A/zh active Pending

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Non-Patent Citations (1)

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