EP2469656A1 - Hochleistungs-Breitbandantenne - Google Patents

Hochleistungs-Breitbandantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2469656A1
EP2469656A1 EP11306765A EP11306765A EP2469656A1 EP 2469656 A1 EP2469656 A1 EP 2469656A1 EP 11306765 A EP11306765 A EP 11306765A EP 11306765 A EP11306765 A EP 11306765A EP 2469656 A1 EP2469656 A1 EP 2469656A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
antenna
antenna according
distance
electromagnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11306765A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2469656B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Brasile
Friedman Tchoffo Talom
Patrick Sirot
Dominique Fasse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Publication of EP2469656A1 publication Critical patent/EP2469656A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2469656B1 publication Critical patent/EP2469656B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0012—Radial guide fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/067—Two dimensional planar arrays using endfire radiating aerial units transverse to the plane of the array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a broadband high power antenna of the type comprising a transmitting surface, an array of elementary antennas each extending from the emission surface, a first and a second superposed electromagnetic waveguide, the first waveguide being adapted to feed the second waveguide from a collection input, the second waveguide being adapted to supply the elementary antennas, and means for coupling the electromagnetic energy associated with the electromagnetic wave between the first and the second waveguides.
  • the invention applies to the field of radiocommunication and jamming at very high power.
  • the antenna having a transmission surface having a general disk shape.
  • the antenna comprises a set of radiating antenna elements regularly distributed.
  • Each antenna element comprises a helically radiating strand projecting from the emission face.
  • the strand is connected to a capture loop present inside the antenna on the other side of the emission surface.
  • Each of the helically radiating strands is oriented angularly so as to form a coherent electromagnetic field whose propagation direction is perpendicular to the emission surface.
  • a source of electromagnetic radiation consisting for example of a MILO for "Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillator" in English, a carcinotron, a relativistic klystron or a high power magnetron, and a waveguide for routing the electromagnetic flux from the source to the antenna elements.
  • the antenna described in the article by X.Q. Li comprises a waveguide comprising two radial transmission lines of the ring-shaped field connected to their outer peripheries by a cylindrical waveguide extending perpendicularly to the radial transmission lines in order to guide the electromagnetic flux under vacuum by reducing the phenomena of breakdown.
  • the power transmitted in the cylindrical outer waveguide is very important since it is equal to the total power transmitted by the antenna but is distributed over the entire circumference which limits the risk of breakdown in this part of the antenna. the antenna. They remain nevertheless high because of the sinuous shape of this part of the antenna if the latter is too short.
  • the thickness of the antenna is important for the transmission of very high power without breakdown.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a radiofrequency antenna enabling it to be used at high power, of small thickness, capable of operating over a wide frequency band, while limiting the breakdown phenomena.
  • the subject of the invention is an antenna of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the coupling means separate the emission surface into two concentric regions consisting of a peripheral region and an internal region situated at the right of the collection entrance, each having at least one elementary antenna.
  • the invention relates to an antenna of a transmission installation over a wide frequency band constituting a scrambler or a microwave weapon capable of emitting, in a determined direction, a high power electromagnetic field intended to disturb or destroy any device comprising 'electronic.
  • This installation generally comprises a radiofrequency source consisting for example of a magnetron, and an antenna connected to the source by a guide means or waveguide of the flux or electromagnetic wave generated by the source.
  • a radiofrequency source consisting for example of a magnetron
  • an antenna connected to the source by a guide means or waveguide of the flux or electromagnetic wave generated by the source.
  • the antenna 10 comprises a transmission surface 12 and an array of elementary antennas 14 each extending from the transmission surface 12.
  • the elementary antennas 14 are distributed in concentric circles on the transmission surface 12 of the antenna.
  • the antenna is of revolution XX axis about an axis perpendicular to the transmission surface 12.
  • the transmission surface is circular.
  • the emission surface is a half-sphere or any other three-dimensional surface, it is sufficient to adjust the phase of the elementary antennas accordingly.
  • the antenna is square or rectangular.
  • the antenna has a plane of symmetry comprising an axis of symmetry X-X.
  • the plane of symmetry is perpendicular to the sectional plane shown. It is powered by the radiofrequency source along the plane of symmetry and in particular along the axis of symmetry when it exists.
  • the antenna comprises a first 16 and a second 18 waveguides superimposed and adapted to propagate the electromagnetic flux generated by the source, as well as the energy associated with this flow.
  • These waveguides consist of two coaxial and contiguous crowns in the example under consideration.
  • the first waveguide 16 is connected at its center to the guiding means connected to the radiofrequency source.
  • the first waveguide 16 is adapted to propagate centrifugally the electromagnetic energy transmitted by the guide means and for feeding the second waveguide 18.
  • the second waveguide 18 when it is adapted to feed the elementary antenna array 14.
  • the emission surface 12 forms a side wall of the second waveguide 18.
  • the assembly formed by the two waveguides is supported by a frame 26 in the general shape of a bell flaring progressively from an inlet 27 for collecting the magnetic radiation emitted by the source to a mouth 28 for output of the radiation coming from elementary antennas 14.
  • This mouth is closed by a wall airtight protection device 30 for creating the vacuum inside the frame 26.
  • This wall 30 is transparent to the electromagnetic radiation and radome form.
  • the input end 27 of the frame 26 is formed of a tube 32 extended by a ring 34 forming the bottom of the frame.
  • This crown is of axis X-X.
  • the bottom is extended by a first peripheral wall 36 having at its end facing the mouth 28 a diverging shoulder 38.
  • This shoulder 38 is bordered by a second peripheral wall 40 carrying the protective wall 30.
  • the second waveguide 18 is supported on the support formed by the diverging shoulder 38. Similarly, the first waveguide 16 is supported on the bottom of the frame formed by the ring 34.
  • the first and second waveguides have a common continuous metal wall 48 extending parallel to the emitting surface 12 and disposed between the emitting surface 12 and the bottom 34. This common wall 48 delimits the two emitter guides. 'wave.
  • the common wall 48 carries, next to the duct 32 along the axis XX, a metal cone 70 capable of modifying the propagation mode of the electromagnetic flux, by passing from a flow of axis XX, for example according to the transverse magnetic mode TM 01. a centrifugal flow extending from the axis XX outwards in the direction of the arrows 72, for example in the transverse electrical and magnetic mode TEM.
  • this metal cone 70 is called a mode converter.
  • the intermediate wall 48 is provided with a network of means for capturing and coupling the electromagnetic energy between the first and the second waveguide.
  • These capture and coupling means comprise for example through loops 74 distributed regularly at a distance D from the X-X axis.
  • the through loops 74 are thus regularly distributed in a circle of radius D and centered along the X-X axis.
  • loops 74 are formed of a metal conductor and have two lobes 74A, 74B protruding on either side of the intermediate wall 48.
  • the capture and coupling means comprise, for example, through rods regularly distributed at a distance D from the X-X axis and adapted to pick up the electric field.
  • the through rods are thus regularly distributed in a circle of radius D and centered along the X-X axis.
  • These rods are formed of a metal conductor and protrude on both sides of the intermediate wall 48.
  • the network of through loops 74 divides the emission surface into two contiguous regions centered along the axis XX. Each region comprises at least one elementary antenna 14.
  • the so-called peripheral region denoted 76 comprises the antennas elementary located at a distance from the axis XX greater than the distance D while the said internal region noted 78 comprises the elementary antennas located at a distance from the axis XX less than or equal to the distance D.
  • the peripheral region includes more elementary antennas than the inner region.
  • the intermediate wall 48 is provided with at least one other network of means for capturing and coupling the electromagnetic energy between the first and the second waveguide.
  • the capture and coupling means of this other network comprise through loops identical to those described above.
  • the two networks of capturing and coupling means are concentric around the X-X axis and of identical shape.
  • the dimensions of the assembly formed by the networks of capture and coupling means are adapted so that the through loops 74 are regularly distributed at an average distance D of the plane of symmetry of the antenna having the axis XX, as defined previously.
  • the distance D is substantially equal to half the radius of the emission surface.
  • the distance D is chosen as a function of the power of the radiofrequency source to be as small as possible while nevertheless avoiding the phenomenon of breakdown at the level of the lobes 74A . Indeed, the power density is even lower than the loops 74 are remote from the center.
  • Each elementary antenna 14 comprises a transmission strand 80 disposed on the side of the antenna transmission port and a capture loop 86 disposed between the transmission surface 22 and the common wall 48, in the second guide of FIG. wave 18.
  • the loop 86 is rigidly and fixedly connected to the wall forming the emission surface 12. Its surface is determined according to the power that it is desired to collect.
  • the loop has a shape known per se and is obtained by curvature on itself of a metal conductor.
  • Strand 80 has an emission portion 84 consisting of a wire that describes a helix shape. This emission part is electrically connected to the capture loop 86, the transmission surface 12 is pierced to allow its connection with the loop 86.
  • the second waveguide 18 of the antenna comprises energy absorption means 90 located at its periphery and other energy absorbing means 92 located around the axis XX. These absorbents reduce parasitic reflections.
  • these energy absorbing means 90, 92 are made of pyrolytic carbon and have a beveled side facing the interior of the first and / or second waveguides 16, 18.
  • the first waveguide 16 also comprises energy absorption means 94 located at its peripheral ends to allow the reflection of the residual electromagnetic flux so that the reflected wave can be collected, with the correct phase by the loops. capture 74A.
  • This reflection is obtained, for example by a short circuit for reflection of the wave.
  • This short circuit is located at a distance from the capture loops 74A equal to half the wavelength of the radiofrequency waves propagating in the waveguides. This short circuit is obtained for example by a metal wall.
  • the peripheral ends of the first waveguide are made of dielectric material and allow the mechanical support of the shoulder 38 on the frame 26 as well as the vacuum resistance. From an electromagnetic point of view, this variant corresponds to an open circuit of the waveguide 16 allowing reflection of the wave, this open circuit being located at a distance from the capture loops 74A equal to a quarter of the length of the waveguide. wave radiofrequency waves propagating in the waveguides.
  • This open circuit is for example constituted by an orifice or a ring of dielectric material.
  • the electromagnetic flux arriving along the axis XX through the inlet 27 is distributed on the first waveguide 16 by the mode converter 70.
  • the direction of propagation of the flow is represented by the arrows on the figure 2 .
  • the centrifugal flow is then captured by the lobes 74A of the loops and re-emitted by the lobes 74B in the space between the emission surface 12 and the common wall 48.
  • the flow is then divided into two streams: a centrifugal flow and a centripetal flow to feed the elementary antennas 14 respectively of the peripheral region and the internal region of the transmission surface 12.
  • the loops 86 of the elementary antennas 14 pick up the electromagnetic wave, in particular the magnetic field, inducing a current up to at the emission end 84, which re-emits the electromagnetic wave in a direction with a phase determined by the angular positioning of the elementary antenna 14.
  • the potential excess of energy of the electromagnetic waves is absorbed by the absorption means 90, 92, 94 located at the ends of the first and second waveguides.
  • the electromagnetic waves propagate centrifugally and are reflected at the outer peripheral end of the first waveguide. Since the distance between the capturing and coupling means and the outer peripheral end of the first waveguide is equal to a quarter of the wavelength, the reflected waves propagate centripetally in phase with those propagating centrifugal, so that they add to the lobe 74A coupling means thus improving the coupling.
  • the electromagnetic waves propagate centrifugally and are reflected at the outer peripheral end of the first waveguide. Since the distance between the capturing and coupling means and the outer peripheral end of the first waveguide is equal to half the wavelength, the reflected waves propagate centripetally in phase with those propagating from one another. centrifugally, so that they add up at the lobe 74A coupling means thus improving the coupling.
  • the number and the characteristics of the coupling means are optimized to take up almost all the power propagating in the first waveguide and injected into the second waveguide without breakdown.
  • the power absorption means 90 at the peripheral ends of the second waveguide make it possible to reduce the reflections that are detrimental to the operation of the power tube, thus limiting the standing wave ratio (TOS) and improving the level of the side lobes. of emission so that the stealth of the antenna is improved.
  • TOS standing wave ratio
  • the re-emission of the electromagnetic wave by the lobes 74B at a distance D substantially equal to half the distance from the peripheral end of the emission surface 12 contained in the plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the antenna makes it possible to to reduce the propagation time, in this case by half, so that the frequency bandwidth of the antenna is improved compared to antennas with conventional radial transmission line.
  • This reduced filling time allows the high-gain emission by the antenna of ultrashort pulses, for example nanoseconds.
  • Another advantage of the antenna according to the invention is that the electromagnetic waves propagate in the waveguides avoiding the resonance phenomenon, which limits the breakdown phenomena and thus also allows a broadband operation.
  • the antenna according to the invention also allows a reduction in its dimensions to reduce the volume required for effective vacuum pumping and better physical strength.
  • the invention has been described in the context of a circular antenna. However, it applies to other form antennas, for example square or rectangular.
  • the distance D between the capture and coupling means is defined in order to distribute the flux as best as possible from a plane of symmetry of the antenna.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP11306765.6A 2010-12-27 2011-12-23 Hochleistungs-Breitbandantenne Active EP2469656B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1005127A FR2969829B1 (fr) 2010-12-27 2010-12-27 Antenne de forte puissance large bande

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2469656A1 true EP2469656A1 (de) 2012-06-27
EP2469656B1 EP2469656B1 (de) 2018-07-04

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EP11306765.6A Active EP2469656B1 (de) 2010-12-27 2011-12-23 Hochleistungs-Breitbandantenne

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US (1) US20120194400A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2469656B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2969829B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2999815B1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2015-03-06 Thales Sa Systeme d'antennes
US10673147B2 (en) * 2016-11-03 2020-06-02 Kymeta Corporation Directional coupler feed for flat panel antennas
US11837786B2 (en) * 2019-12-30 2023-12-05 Kymeta Corporation Multiband guiding structures for antennas

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2628311A (en) * 1948-11-04 1953-02-10 Rca Corp Multiple slot antenna
EP0410083A1 (de) * 1989-07-24 1991-01-30 Ball Corporation Ringschlitzantenne
EP0501389A2 (de) * 1991-02-27 1992-09-02 Allen Telecom Group, Inc. Bandsperre

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5362451A (en) * 1991-03-18 1994-11-08 Cha Chang Y Process and reactor for char-gas oxide reactions by radiofrequency catalysis
US5608363A (en) * 1994-04-01 1997-03-04 Com Dev Ltd. Folded single mode dielectric resonator filter with cross couplings between non-sequential adjacent resonators and cross diagonal couplings between non-sequential contiguous resonators

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2628311A (en) * 1948-11-04 1953-02-10 Rca Corp Multiple slot antenna
EP0410083A1 (de) * 1989-07-24 1991-01-30 Ball Corporation Ringschlitzantenne
EP0501389A2 (de) * 1991-02-27 1992-09-02 Allen Telecom Group, Inc. Bandsperre

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LI X Q ET AL: "The high-power radial line helical circular array antenna: Theory and development", MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETER WAVE TECHNOLOGY (ICMMT), 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 8 May 2010 (2010-05-08), pages 671 - 674, XP031717245, ISBN: 978-1-4244-5705-2 *
NOGHANIAN S ET AL: "Conducting ring loaded annular slot array antennas", IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM. 2001 DIGEST. APS. BOSTON, MA, JULY 8 - 13, 2001; [IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM], NEW YORK, NY : IEEE, US, vol. 4, 8 July 2001 (2001-07-08), pages 561 - 564, XP010564701, ISBN: 978-0-7803-7070-8, DOI: 10.1109/APS.2001.959525 *
PAZIN L ET AL: "Effect of amplitude tapering and frequency-dependent phase errors on radiation characteristics of radial waveguide fed non-resonant array antenna", IEE PROCEEDINGS: MICROWAVES, ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, IEE, STEVENAGE, HERTS, GB, vol. 151, no. 4, 2 July 2004 (2004-07-02), pages 363 - 369, XP006022306, ISSN: 1350-2417, DOI: 10.1049/IP-MAP:20040657 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2469656B1 (de) 2018-07-04
US20120194400A1 (en) 2012-08-02
FR2969829A1 (fr) 2012-06-29
FR2969829B1 (fr) 2013-03-15

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