EP3189557B1 - Antenne mit mechanisch umkonfigurierbarem strahlungsmuster - Google Patents

Antenne mit mechanisch umkonfigurierbarem strahlungsmuster Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3189557B1
EP3189557B1 EP15757496.3A EP15757496A EP3189557B1 EP 3189557 B1 EP3189557 B1 EP 3189557B1 EP 15757496 A EP15757496 A EP 15757496A EP 3189557 B1 EP3189557 B1 EP 3189557B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slots
antenna
antenna according
grooves
open end
Prior art date
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Application number
EP15757496.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3189557A1 (de
Inventor
Antoine CHAULOUX
Mohamed Himdi
Franck Colombel
Antoine JOUADE
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/01—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the shape of the antenna or antenna system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reconfigurable radiation pattern antenna.
  • the variation of the radiation pattern of an antenna can be effected by various methods. It is known, for example, to use a change in the characteristics specific to a radiating source by polarization of a dielectric. It is also known to introduce active circuits ensuring, among others, phase shift or switching functions. In addition to the need to implement electronic circuits with potentially limited power handling, some of these techniques require a discontinuous reconfiguration of a radiation pattern.
  • US 3,274,602 discloses a reconfigurable radiation pattern horn antenna. The antenna includes flaps for varying the height of the radiating aperture of the horn, which adjusts the width of the lobe in the vertical plane.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages.
  • the slots have a depth substantially equal to one quarter of the predefined wavelength.
  • the slots and the second open end have a length substantially equal to three times the predefined wavelength.
  • this antenna further comprises first grooves in the ground plane, between the radiating slots and the second open end.
  • the radiating slots and the first grooves preferably have substantially the same depth.
  • each radiating slot is discontinuous and consists of a set of elongated elementary slots, spaced apart from each other.
  • the length of each elementary slot is substantially equal to half the predefined wavelength.
  • the antenna object of the invention further comprises second grooves in the ground plane, these second grooves connecting the elementary slots of the same radiating slot to each other.
  • each of the second grooves has a length substantially equal to 1.5 times the predefined wavelength.
  • the second grooves preferably have a depth substantially equal to one quarter of the predefined wavelength.
  • the sectoral horn is folded and has a minimum radius of curvature, chosen to maintain substantially constant the distribution of the phase of the electromagnetic field present in the second open end of the sectoral horn.
  • the antenna is sized to operate at a frequency F equal to 2.47 GHz. It is recalled that the predefined wavelength ⁇ , associated with this predefined frequency F, is equal to c / F where c represents the speed of light in a vacuum.
  • the radiation pattern of the antenna varies continuously in the vertical plane: the half-power aperture of the main lobe varies continuously from 20 ° to 70 °.
  • the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane remains stable; and the corresponding half-power aperture of the main lobe is 30 °.
  • the described antenna uses a sectoral horn, associated with radiating slots. Shutters move mechanically over the horn and slots. This mechanical movement generates the reconfiguration of the radiation pattern.
  • This antenna is made of an electrically conductive material, preferably a metal. This limits the losses and gives the antenna a potentially high power capacity, allowing it to withstand power levels of the order of 1 kW.
  • the antenna A comprises. It firstly comprises a metal sectoral horn 2 ( Figures 1A and 1B ) which is dimensioned to obtain a half-power opening of the main lobe, equal to 20 ° in the vertical plane. This horn 2 will flare from a first open end 4 to a second open end 6 called "radiating opening". The interior of the cornet is filled with air.
  • the radiating opening 6 of the horn 2 is integrated in a metal ground plane 8 and has an elongated shape.
  • the half-power opening of such a radiating source is very wide in the horizontal plane: it is about 130 °.
  • radiating slots short-circuited 10, 12 ( Figures 2A and 2B ) are associated to the horn to produce a network effect (English, grating) which focuses the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane and reduced opening at half power.
  • These slots are integrated in the ground plane 8. They have an elongate shape and are arranged on either side of the radiating opening 6, parallel thereto. They are short-circuited by means of a metal cover (not shown), located under the ground plane, and are supplied by coupling with the electromagnetic energy coming out of the radiating opening 6 of the sectoral horn 2.
  • the depth of these slots 10, 12 is equal to one quarter of the wavelength ⁇ , corresponding to the operating frequency F of the antenna. This minimizes the reactive energy of these slots to maximize the radiation thereof.
  • G the distance between the center of the radiating opening 6 and the center of the short-circuited slot 10 or 12.
  • W the width of each slot 10 or 12.
  • the distance G and width W are respectively 85 mm and 28 mm.
  • the coupling of the electromagnetic energy of the opening 6 of the horn 2 towards the slots 10 and 12 is furthermore optimized thanks to the integration of grooves 14 and 16 ( Figures 3A and 3B ) as seen, these grooves 14 and 16 are between the slots 10, 12 and the opening 6 and go from the latter to slots 10 and 12.
  • the grooves 14 (respectively 16) extend from the top (respectively bottom) of the opening 6 to the top (respectively bottom) of the slots 10 and 12.
  • the depth of the grooves 14 and 16 is identical to that of the short-circuited slots 10 and 12.
  • the width W R of these grooves is of limited size with respect to the wavelength ⁇ , namely less than 0.1 ⁇ ( in the example described w R is 5 mm) in order to reduce the bulk.
  • the length of the short-circuited slots 10, 12 and the opening 6 of the sectoral horn 2 is approximately 3 times the wavelength ⁇ (corresponding to the operating frequency F).
  • each radiating gap 10 or 12 is discontinuous and consists of a set of elongated elementary slits 18 ( Figures 5A and 5B ), spaced apart from each other. And the length L of each elementary slot 18 is substantially equal to ⁇ / 2.
  • other grooves 20 are integrated in the ground plane 8 between these elementary slots 18. These other grooves 20 connect to each other the elementary slots 18 of the same slot 10 or 12.
  • the depth of these other grooves 20 is substantially equal to a quarter of the wavelength ⁇ (corresponding to the operating frequency F).
  • the width W R2 of these other grooves 20 is 3 mm in the example and the total length of each groove 20 is substantially 1.5 ⁇ . In the example, this length equal to 1.5 ⁇ is obtained by giving the grooves 20 a zigzag configuration.
  • This length ensures the necessary correction so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic fields radiated by the elementary slits 18 is the even for each of them as illustrated by the figure 6 where the scale on the right is graduated in degrees.
  • parasitic elements are arranged above the radiating opening 6 and the radiating slots 10, 12. These elements are metal shutters 22 and 24, mechanically deployable. , continuously, and located 3 cm above the ground plane 8 ( Figures 7A, 7B and 7C ).
  • the flaps 22 and 24 can be made in the form of telescopic flaps that are fixed to the ground plane 8.
  • the variation in distance d between the flaps 22 and 24 causes the variation of the half-power aperture of the radiation pattern in the vertical plane.
  • Table 1 shows some values of the half-power aperture in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane as a function of the distance d.
  • Table 1 d 107.5 mm 205 mm 302.5 mm 400 mm Vertical opening in the radiation pattern 70.3 ° 31.5 ° 23.6 ° 19 ° Horizontal opening in the radiation pattern 26.5 ° 32.5 ° 31.5 ° 30 °
  • the intensity I (in dB) is plotted as a function of the angle ⁇ (in degrees).
  • the latter has a standard size for operation at 2.47 GHz (height 43 mm and width 86 mm).
  • a monopole antenna 26 is introduced into this waveguide 25 to feed the antenna A.
  • the monopole antenna 26 is soldered to a connector N referenced 30, to be powered by a not shown coaxial cable.
  • the waveguide 25 is closed by a short circuit 32.
  • the lengths L1, L2, L3 and L4 are respectively 64 mm, 392 mm, 99 mm and 32 mm.
  • the various dimensions relating to the monopole antenna 26 are noted on the figure 11 .
  • Part I (respectively II) of the figure 11 corresponds to what is inside (respectively outside) of the waveguide 25.
  • the diameters denoted D1, D2 and D3 are respectively 6 mm, 14.5 mm and 11.5 mm and the lengths noted 11, 12 and 13 are respectively 6 mm, 11 mm and 11.5 mm.
  • the simulated adaptation of the antenna A is less than -14 dB for any value of the spacing d.
  • the gain obtained in simulation varies from 11 to 16.5 dBi. The highest gain is obtained when the half-power aperture in the vertical plane is the smallest.
  • the sectoral horn 2 is folded in order to "flatten" it against the ground plane 8.
  • the minimum radius of curvature noted R on the figure 12 C is 10 mm. If this ray is not respected, the phase distribution of the electromagnetic field present in the opening 6 of the horn 2 is no longer constant. In this case, the radiation pattern is less focused and the half-power aperture in the vertical plane increases. It becomes almost impossible to maintain an angle of 20 °, even with a distance d of 400 mm.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Antenne mit rekonfigurierbarem Strahlungsdiagramm, mit einer vorbestimmten Betriebsfrequenz, die einer vorbestimmten Wellenlänge entspricht, wobei diese Antenne (A) enthält:
    - eine elektrisch leitende Masseebene (8),
    - ein elektrisch leitendes Sektorhorn (2), das ein erstes und ein zweites offenes Ende (4, 6) aufweist und sich vom ersten (4) zum zweiten offenen Ende (6) erweitert, wobei das zweite offene Ende (6) in die Masseebene (8) integriert ist und eine langgestreckte Form aufweist,
    - kurzgeschlossene Strahlungsschlitze (10, 12), die eine langgestreckte Form haben, in die Masseebene (8) integriert sind und zu beiden Seiten des zweiten offenen Endes (6) parallel zu diesem angeordnet sind, und
    - elektrisch leitende Klappen (22, 24), die über den Schlitzen (10, 12) und dem zweiten offenen Ende (6) angeordnet und mechanisch kontinuierlich ausfahrbar sind, um das Strahlungsdiagramm der Antenne (A) zu modifizieren.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Schlitze (10, 12) eine Tiefe haben, die im Wesentlichen gleich einem Viertel der vorbestimmten Wellenlänge ist.
  3. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, wobei die Schlitze (10, 12) und das zweite offene Ende (6) eine Länge haben, die im Wesentlichen gleich dem Dreifachen der vorbestimmten Wellenlänge ist.
  4. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, ferner enthaltend erste Nuten (14, 16, 18) in der Masseebene (8) zwischen den Strahlungsschlitzen (10, 12) und dem zweiten offenen Ende (6).
  5. Antenne nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Strahlungsschlitze (10, 12) und die ersten Nuten (14, 16) im Wesentlichen die gleiche Tiefe haben.
  6. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei jeder Strahlungsschlitz (10, 12) diskontinuierlich verläuft und aus einer Anordnung von elementaren Schlitzen (18) besteht, die eine langgestreckte Form haben und voneinander beabstandet sind.
  7. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, wobei die Länge eines jeden elementaren Schlitzes (18) im Wesentlichen gleich der Hälfte der vorbestimmten Wellenlänge ist.
  8. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 6 und 7, ferner enthaltend zweite Nuten (20) in der Masseebene (8), wobei diese zweiten Nuten (20) die elementaren Schlitze (18) desselben Strahlungsschlitzes (10, 12) miteinander verbinden.
  9. Antenne nach Anspruch 8, wobei jede der zweiten Nuten (20) eine Länge hat, die im Wesentlichen gleich dem 1,5-fachen der vorbestimmten Wellenlänge ist.
  10. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 8 und 9, wobei die zweiten Nuten (20) eine Tiefe haben, die im Wesentlichen gleich einem Viertel der vorbestimmten Wellenlänge ist.
  11. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei das Sektorhorn (2) umgelegt ist und einen minimalen Krümmungsradius aufweist, der so gewählt ist, dass die Phasenverteilung des elektromagnetischen Feldes, das in dem zweiten offenen Ende (6) des Sektorhorns (2) vorliegt, im Wesentlichen konstant gehalten wird.
EP15757496.3A 2014-09-04 2015-09-03 Antenne mit mechanisch umkonfigurierbarem strahlungsmuster Active EP3189557B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1458299A FR3025658B1 (fr) 2014-09-04 2014-09-04 Antenne a diagramme de rayonnement mecaniquement reconfigurable
PCT/EP2015/070104 WO2016034656A1 (fr) 2014-09-04 2015-09-03 Antenne a diagramme de rayonnement mecaniquement reconfigurable

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3189557A1 EP3189557A1 (de) 2017-07-12
EP3189557B1 true EP3189557B1 (de) 2019-08-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15757496.3A Active EP3189557B1 (de) 2014-09-04 2015-09-03 Antenne mit mechanisch umkonfigurierbarem strahlungsmuster

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US (1) US10403975B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3189557B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3025658B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2016034656A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10763916B2 (en) 2017-10-19 2020-09-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Dual mode antenna systems and methods for use therewith
CN108417974A (zh) * 2018-01-30 2018-08-17 电子科技大学 一种可重构的双频带天线
US11038269B2 (en) * 2018-09-10 2021-06-15 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Electronically steerable holographic antenna with reconfigurable radiators for wideband frequency tuning
US11349220B2 (en) * 2020-02-12 2022-05-31 Veoneer Us, Inc. Oscillating waveguides and related sensor assemblies
CN111370870B (zh) * 2020-03-19 2021-11-12 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 天线装置及电子设备
US11668788B2 (en) 2021-07-08 2023-06-06 Veoneer Us, Llc Phase-compensated waveguides and related sensor assemblies
US12015201B2 (en) * 2021-11-05 2024-06-18 Magna Electronics, Llc Waveguides and waveguide sensors with signal-improving grooves and/or slots
CN116417779A (zh) * 2021-12-29 2023-07-11 华为技术有限公司 天线、阵列天线及电子设备

Family Cites Families (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3189850A (en) * 1962-11-23 1965-06-15 Microwave Ass Rectangular waveguide bend
US3261018A (en) * 1963-08-30 1966-07-12 Itt Miniature horn antenna
US3274602A (en) * 1963-09-16 1966-09-20 North American Aviation Inc Antenna having variable beamwidth achieved by variation of source width
US5754144A (en) * 1996-07-19 1998-05-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Ultra-wideband horn antenna with abrupt radiator
US6031504A (en) * 1998-06-10 2000-02-29 Mcewan; Thomas E. Broadband antenna pair with low mutual coupling
FR2912558B1 (fr) * 2007-02-14 2009-05-15 Airbus France Sa Antenne adaptable pour essais de compatibilite electromagnetique.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170279193A1 (en) 2017-09-28
EP3189557A1 (de) 2017-07-12
US10403975B2 (en) 2019-09-03
FR3025658B1 (fr) 2016-12-23
WO2016034656A1 (fr) 2016-03-10
FR3025658A1 (fr) 2016-03-11

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