EP2468926B1 - Method for producing a workpiece made of metal or an alloy of a metal having a coating - Google Patents
Method for producing a workpiece made of metal or an alloy of a metal having a coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2468926B1 EP2468926B1 EP11002620.0A EP11002620A EP2468926B1 EP 2468926 B1 EP2468926 B1 EP 2468926B1 EP 11002620 A EP11002620 A EP 11002620A EP 2468926 B1 EP2468926 B1 EP 2468926B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- strip
- alloy
- coating
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002535 CuZn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910016347 CuSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017482 Cu 6 Sn 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/027—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal matrix material comprising a mixture of at least two metals or metal phases or metal matrix composites, e.g. metal matrix with embedded inorganic hard particles, CERMET, MMC.
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
- C25D5/505—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment of electroplated tin coatings, e.g. by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
- C25D5/611—Smooth layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
- C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
- C25D7/0621—In horizontal cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a band-shaped workpiece from a metal or an alloy of the metal, wherein the metal is copper, with a coating of at least one layer of tin or a tin alloy and with a metal-containing intermetallic phase between the metal or Alloy of the metal and the layer.
- the tin or tin alloy is applied to an existing of the metal or alloy of the metal strip or on the band applied further intermediate layer of nickel or a nickel-copper alloy, wherein the strip thereafter for forming or reinforcing the intermetallic Phase is heated to a temperature above 100 ° C and below the melting point of the tin or tin alloy.
- the DE 197 52 329 A1 is a composite tape with a base material of copper or a copper alloy and a molten or electrodeposited tin layer.
- the WO 2004/029316 A2 deals with a copper metal strip which is coated with a corrosion resistant metal alloy containing tin and zinc. From the JP 2007 311258 A It is known to heat tinned copper wires as they pass through a coil to a temperature just below the melting point of tin. In order to achieve a better adhesion of the tin and / or a greater hardness of the coating, it is favorable if an intermetallic phase is formed or the strength of such a phase is increased between the copper or the copper alloy and the tin.
- the intermetallic phase contains both copper and tin. Immediately after formation, the intermetallic phase may consist to a lesser extent of Cu 3 Sn and, to a greater extent, of Cu 6 Sn 5 , with the Cu 6 Sn 5 converting to Cu 3 Sn over time, so that the intermetallic phase then only consists of Cu 3 Sn.
- the intermetallic phase In hot-dip copper or hot-dip copper alloys such an intermetallic phase is already present, while it is missing immediately after the order in galvanically applied tin.
- the coated copper or the coated copper alloy may be subjected to a so-called reflow treatment.
- a so-called reflow treatment is for example from the JP 01159397 A known.
- the applied tin or the applied tin alloy is heated to just above the melting point of the tin.
- a disadvantage is that it comes in the melting of the tin to an uneven distribution of the tin.
- the tin flows off the edges of a coated surface of a workpiece as it accumulates in the center of the surface so that the geometry of the coated workpiece deviates from its original geometry. The workpiece can thereby have a deteriorated bendability, solderability and accuracy of fit. If the workpiece is a plug, the uneven distribution of the tin may lead to a deviation from a desired insertion force.
- An advantage of the method is that it dissolves in the metal existing tensions and the, especially in electronic components dangerous, whisker formation is reduced.
- the workpieces after coating with tin instead of a reflow treatment of several hours Be subjected to treatment at 150 ° C to 180 ° C.
- the tape is rolled up on a roll after coating and, if necessary, cleaning. To prevent damage to the still soft coating, rolling up can take place with an intermediate layer of a special heat-resistant and therefore expensive paper serving as release agent.
- the roll is then tempered in an oven for about 15 hours at 150 ° C to 180 ° C. This method is called a postbake method.
- the intermetallic phase is formed or reinforced and the coating is thereby hardened.
- the thickness of the intermetallic phase is usually about 1 ⁇ m after the treatment.
- the roll for inserting an intermediate layer of paper serving to protect the surface during transport and possibly removing the paper inserted before tempering is unrolled and rolled up again.
- a disadvantage of this method is that it is very time-consuming and labor-intensive and the material is subjected to the required winding and unwinding bending loads. This can lead to fatigue and the formation of cracks. If the tape is rolled up after coating without the release paper, further handling of the roll in the soft tin will easily result in scratches and plastic deformation due to contact with overlying and underlying layers of the tape and upon heating to cake each other contacting band sections.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a less time-consuming and labor-intensive method for forming or reinforcing the intermetallic phase. This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the features of claims 2 to 11.
- sections is to be understood in the context of the invention that in each case a portion of the tape and not the band as a whole is brought to the temperature or kept at the temperature. It can be covered by the sections of each site of the workpiece or a large area of the workpiece or it can only be covered by sections of individual parts of the workpiece.
- the section on the workpiece can also "walk along".
- the coating can be applied in a thickness of 1.5 to 20 .mu.m, in particular 2 to 7 .mu.m, in particular 2 to 4 .mu.m, on the tape or the optional intermediate layer.
- the thickness and geometry of the coating produced by applying the tin or the tin alloy and optionally further layers remains largely unchanged.
- the original workpiece geometry remains almost unchanged.
- the risk of damage to such a workpiece in the inventive method is significantly reduced.
- the intermetallic phase is formed or reinforced immediately after coating, thereby resulting in a higher hardness of the coating shortly after application of the coating.
- the method according to the invention has the significant advantage in manufacturing that the setting or holding of the temperature can be carried out in the otherwise usual processing steps of the workpiece. For example, at the end of a series of processing steps or between individual processing steps, e.g. B. be carried out using a continuous furnace. As a result, the total production time is only slightly increased and it can be kept significantly shorter cycle times than when using the usual post-bake method. In addition, eliminating the conventional post-bake process before tempering to protect the surface of a band-shaped workpiece possibly taking place an intermediate layer of paper and removing this paper after tempering and the unwinding and rewinding of the workpiece for inserting an intermediate layer of paper and the mechanical loads caused thereby.
- the insertion of the intermediate layer of paper can be omitted because between the coating and tempering there is no danger that the surface of the workpiece is scratched or plastically deformed and because by the tempering not existing contact with other parts of the tape there is no risk of caking.
- the insertion of a paper to protect the surface of the workpiece can take place without additional mechanical stress.
- the surface of the workpiece can be smoothed. As a result, a better adhesion of the tin can be achieved.
- the crystallographic orientation of the metal and the further metal may differ.
- the optional intermediate layer is a barrier layer which at least substantially prevents the formation of an intermetallic phase from the metal and the tin.
- a barrier layer consists of nickel or a copper-nickel alloy. If the metal is copper and the other metal is nickel, an intermetallic phase of nickel and copper is formed upon heating. The diffusion of tin atoms into copper and interactions between tin and copper are inhibited or prevented. As a result, the formation of whiskers can be greatly inhibited.
- the optional intermediate layer can be applied galvanically. It can be applied, for example, in a thickness of up to 3 microns.
- no location of the belt is brought to or maintained at the temperature for more than 25 seconds, in particular more than 20 seconds, in particular more than 15 seconds, in particular more than 10 seconds.
- Each spot of the tape is brought to or held at the temperature for 10-40 seconds, especially 15-30 seconds, especially 20-25 seconds.
- the resulting increased hardness and strength is often lost in a long tempering associated with the postbake process by recrystallization and recovery processes.
- the strength and hardness of the strip are hardly or not at all reduced.
- the relatively short tempering has the advantage that only a thin intermetallic phase is formed, on which the layer of tin or the tin alloy can rest in one or more layers and fine-grained. Fine-grained layers of tin or of the tin alloy are formed by electroplating, the number of individual layers corresponding to the number of galvanic coatings.
- the workpiece has improved further processing properties and / or service properties.
- the bending behavior is improved by the thin intermetallic phase compared to workpieces with a thicker intermetallic phase, as formed in the conventional multi-hour postbake process.
- the strength of the intermetallic phase increases at the expense of the thickness of the coating or the optional interlayer during storage of the band-shaped workpiece over time, regardless of how the intermetallic phase was generated. This can even go so far that the coating or the optional intermediate layer completely transforms into the intermetallic phase.
- a surface formed by the intermetallic phase can only be soldered with the aid of solder and a flux for removing oxides on the surface.
- This material is available for subsequent soldering processes or at least forms a protective layer that prevents oxides from being removed from the surface during soldering by a flux.
- the solderability of the workpiece is characterized, especially after prolonged storage of the workpiece, significantly improved and the shelf life of the workpiece is increased.
- the oxide layer is thinner than 3 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 1 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 0.5 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 0.2 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 0.2 nm.
- the oxide layer is thinner than 3 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 1 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 0.5 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 0.2 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 0.2 nm.
- From the very small thickness of the oxide layer results in a significantly improved Solderability to a surface with a thicker oxide layer, as z. B. arises in the conventional multi-hour postbake process. This is probably due to the fact that the surface of a workpiece with a thin oxide layer can be better wetted with solder material than the surface of a workpiece with a thicker oxide layer. Due to the matte surface and the associated low surface reflection and laser welding of the workpiece is easily possible.
- the temperature control which lasts for a maximum of 40 seconds, significantly reduces the processing time compared to the processing time when using the conventional, multi-hour postbake process.
- shortening the tempering time can either increase the speed of the cycle or reduce the cycle time and / or reduce the distance required to hold or adjust the temperature.
- the plants provided for the implementation of the method in a continuous process can thereby be shorter and less expensive.
- the temperature is brought to the strip in sections or on which it is held in sections 150 ° C to 210 ° C, in particular 175 ° C to 205 ° C, in particular 180 ° C to 200 ° C, especially 185 ° C to 200 ° C, is.
- the strip is brought to the temperature by heating. It is not absolutely necessary to check the temperature of the belt.
- the process is characterized procedurally simple and therefore inexpensive to perform. For example, a continuous furnace can be used for this purpose.
- the coating can be applied galvanically or by contacting it with a melt of the tin or the tin alloy.
- the optional intermediate layer may also be applied galvanically or by contacting it with a melt of the further metal or the alloy of the further metal.
- an intermetallic phase is formed, which is reinforced by the process according to the invention.
- the contacting with the melt can, for. B. done by a so-called hot tinning.
- the belt can be driven through a tank with liquid tin. Thereafter, the liquid tin, z. B. far removed by means of air nozzles that the tin remains in the desired thickness on the workpiece.
- the optional intermediate layer is preferably applied to the tape in a thickness of 50 to 500 nm, in particular 100 to 200 nm.
- the band acting as a blank is in the form of a punched strip.
- the strip passes through a plurality of processing stations lengthwise, so that different processing steps are performed simultaneously, except for processing the beginning and the end of the strip.
- a portion of the belt along the belt migrating after the application of the layer Go through one of the processing stations, z. B. in a continuous furnace, brought to the temperature or kept at the temperature.
- the layer can also be formed by multiple electroplating, which usually takes place at the temperature or at the temperature hold only after the last galvanic application.
- the advantages of the method according to the invention are particularly effective, because the total processing time of a band passing through different processing stations increases only by the time of temperature control of the band. A multi-hour "baking" in an oven and the associated steps are eliminated.
- the tape is unrolled from a first roll, then passes through the processing stations and is then rolled up, in particular without a release agent, on a second roll.
- Both the first and second rolls can be formed by the tape itself.
- the rollers may each be formed by rolling the tape on a carrier.
- the intermetallic phase has a thickness of at most 500 nm, in particular a thickness of 30 to 300 nm, in particular a thickness of 50 to 150 nm, in particular a thickness of 70 to 100 nm.
- a thin intermetallic phase improves, especially in combination with a fine-grained layer of tin, the further processing and in particular the bending properties of the workpiece. When bending the workpiece, the formation of cracks in the layer is largely avoided.
- the alloy of the metal according to the invention is CuFe, in particular CuFe2P, or CuNiSn, CuNiSi, brass (CUZn), CuBe or CuSnZn or a bronze, in particular CuSn 4 , CuSn 6 or CuSn 8 .
- the strip-shaped workpiece may be a stamped grid, a punched strip, a component or a composite of components.
- the component / components is preferably a component / components for the electrical industry, in particular a contact / contacts.
- the punching tape is a stamped tape.
- material may have been punched out of the belt so that the remaining material, other than the continuous metal strip remaining on both sides, represents contacts for the electrical industry, which are punched out of the belt at the end or after the process has been carried out.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines bandförmigen Werkstücks aus einem Metall oder einer Legierung des Metalls, wobei das Metall Kupfer ist, mit einer Beschichtung aus mindestens einer Schicht aus Zinn oder einer Zinnlegierung und mit einer das Metall enthaltenden intermetallischen Phase zwischen dem Metall oder der Legierung des Metalls und der Schicht. Bei dem Verfahren wird das Zinn oder die Zinnlegierung auf ein aus dem Metall oder der Legierung des Metalls bestehendes Band oder einer auf dem Band aufgebrachten weiteren Zwischenschicht aus Nickel oder einer Nickel-Kupfer-Legierung aufgebracht, wobei das Band danach zur Ausbildung oder Verstärkung der intermetallischen Phase auf eine Temperatur oberhalb von 100°C und unterhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Zinns oder der Zinnlegierung erwärmt wird.The invention relates to a method for producing a band-shaped workpiece from a metal or an alloy of the metal, wherein the metal is copper, with a coating of at least one layer of tin or a tin alloy and with a metal-containing intermetallic phase between the metal or Alloy of the metal and the layer. In the method, the tin or tin alloy is applied to an existing of the metal or alloy of the metal strip or on the band applied further intermediate layer of nickel or a nickel-copper alloy, wherein the strip thereafter for forming or reinforcing the intermetallic Phase is heated to a temperature above 100 ° C and below the melting point of the tin or tin alloy.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, Kupfer oder Kupferlegierungen durch Feuerverzinnen oder galvanisch mit einer Beschichtung aus Zinn zu versehen. Ein Verfahren zum partiellen Feuerverzinnen eines bspw. aus Kupfer bestehenden Bandes wird in der
Zur Bildung oder Erhöhung der Stärke der intermetallischen Phase kann das beschichtete Kupfer oder die beschichtete Kupferlegierung einer sogenannten Reflow-Behandlung unterzogen werden. Ein solches Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der
Ein Vorteil des Verfahrens besteht jedoch darin, dass sich in dem Metall vorhandene Verspannungen lösen und die, gerade bei elektronischen Bauteilen gefährliche, Whisker-Bildung vermindert ist.An advantage of the method, however, is that it dissolves in the metal existing tensions and the, especially in electronic components dangerous, whisker formation is reduced.
Um die Bildung oder Verstärkung der intermetallischen Phase zu erreichen, dabei aber die ungleichmäßige Verteilung des Zinns auf dem Werkstück zu vermeiden und die ursprüngliche Geometrie des Werkstücks soweit als möglich zu erhalten, können die Werkstücke nach dem Beschichten mit Zinn statt einer Reflow-Behandlung einer mehrstündigen Behandlung bei 150°C bis 180°C unterzogen werden. Im Falle eines Kupferbands oder eines Kupferstanzbands wird das Band dazu nach der Beschichtung und einer gegebenenfalls erfolgenden Reinigung auf einer Rolle aufgerollt. Zur Verhinderung von Beschädigungen der noch weichen Beschichtung kann das Aufrollen mit einer Zwischenlage eines als Trennmittel dienenden speziellen hitzebeständigen und damit teuren Papiers erfolgen. Die Rolle wird anschließend in einem Ofen für etwa 15 Stunden bei 150°C bis 180°C temperiert. Dieses Verfahren wird als Postbake-Verfahren bezeichnet. Durch diese Behandlung wird die intermetallische Phase ausgebildet bzw. verstärkt und die Beschichtung dadurch gehärtet. Die Stärke der intermetallischen Phase beträgt nach der Behandlung üblicherweise etwa 1 µm. Nach Durchführung des Postbake-Verfahrens wird die Rolle zum Einlegen einer dem Schutz der Oberfläche beim Transport dienenden Zwischenlage aus Papier und ggf. Entfernen des vor dem Temperieren eingelegten Papiers abgerollt und wieder aufgerollt. Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist, dass es sehr zeit- und arbeitsaufwendig ist und das Material durch das erforderliche Auf- und Abrollen Biegebelastungen unterzogen wird. Dadurch kann es zu Ermüdungserscheinungen und der Bildung von Rissen kommen. Erfolgt das Aufrollen des Bandes nach der Beschichtung ohne das als Trennmittel dienende Papier, kommt es bei der weiteren Handhabung der Rolle in dem weichen Zinn leicht zu Kratzern und plastischen Verformungen durch den Kontakt mit darüberliegenden und darunterliegenden Schichten des Bandes und beim Erwärmen zum Zusammenbacken einzelner sich kontaktierender Bandabschnitte.In order to achieve the formation or strengthening of the intermetallic phase, but to avoid the uneven distribution of the tin on the workpiece and to obtain the original geometry of the workpiece as much as possible, the workpieces after coating with tin instead of a reflow treatment of several hours Be subjected to treatment at 150 ° C to 180 ° C. In the case of a copper strip or copper stamping tape, the tape is rolled up on a roll after coating and, if necessary, cleaning. To prevent damage to the still soft coating, rolling up can take place with an intermediate layer of a special heat-resistant and therefore expensive paper serving as release agent. The roll is then tempered in an oven for about 15 hours at 150 ° C to 180 ° C. This method is called a postbake method. As a result of this treatment, the intermetallic phase is formed or reinforced and the coating is thereby hardened. The thickness of the intermetallic phase is usually about 1 μm after the treatment. After carrying out the postbake process, the roll for inserting an intermediate layer of paper serving to protect the surface during transport and possibly removing the paper inserted before tempering is unrolled and rolled up again. A disadvantage of this method is that it is very time-consuming and labor-intensive and the material is subjected to the required winding and unwinding bending loads. This can lead to fatigue and the formation of cracks. If the tape is rolled up after coating without the release paper, further handling of the roll in the soft tin will easily result in scratches and plastic deformation due to contact with overlying and underlying layers of the tape and upon heating to cake each other contacting band sections.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein weniger zeit- und arbeitsaufwendiges materialschonendes Verfahren zur Ausbildung oder Verstärkung der intermetallischen Phase anzugeben. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 2 bis 11.The object of the present invention is to provide a less time-consuming and labor-intensive method for forming or reinforcing the intermetallic phase. This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the features of claims 2 to 11.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines bandförmigen Werkstücks nach Anspruch 1. Unter "abschnittsweise" ist im Sinne der Erfindung zu verstehen, dass jeweils ein Abschnitt des Bands und nicht das Band als Ganzes auf die Temperatur gebracht oder auf der Temperatur gehalten wird. Dabei kann durch die Abschnitte jede Stelle des Werkstücks oder ein großer Bereich des Werkstücks abgedeckt werden oder es können nur einzelne Stellen des Werkstücks durch die Abschnitte abgedeckt werden. Bei der Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann der Abschnitt auf dem Werkstück auch "entlangwandern".According to the invention is a method for producing a band-shaped workpiece according to claim 1. By "sections" is to be understood in the context of the invention that in each case a portion of the tape and not the band as a whole is brought to the temperature or kept at the temperature. It can be covered by the sections of each site of the workpiece or a large area of the workpiece or it can only be covered by sections of individual parts of the workpiece. When carrying out the method according to the invention, the section on the workpiece can also "walk along".
Die Beschichtung kann in einer Stärke von 1,5 bis 20 µm, insbesondere 2 bis 7 µm, insbesondere 2 bis 4 µm, auf das Band oder die optionale Zwischenschicht aufgebracht werden.The coating can be applied in a thickness of 1.5 to 20 .mu.m, in particular 2 to 7 .mu.m, in particular 2 to 4 .mu.m, on the tape or the optional intermediate layer.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bleibt die durch Auftragen des Zinns oder der Zinnlegierung und ggf. weiterer Schichten erzeugte Beschichtung in ihrer Stärke und Geometrie weitgehend unverändert erhalten. Damit bleibt auch die ursprüngliche Werkstückgeometrie nahezu unverändert erhalten.In the method according to the invention, the thickness and geometry of the coating produced by applying the tin or the tin alloy and optionally further layers remains largely unchanged. Thus, the original workpiece geometry remains almost unchanged.
Gegenüber dem herkömmlichen mehrstündigen Postbake-Verfahren, bei dem ein mit dem sehr weichen Zinn beschichtetes bandförmiges Werkstück aufgerollt und wieder abgerollt werden muss, ist die Beschädigungsgefahr für ein solches Werkstück bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren deutlich verringert. Die intermetallische Phase wird unmittelbar nach dem Beschichten gebildet oder verstärkt und führt dadurch bereits kurz nach dem Aufbringen der Beschichtung zu einer größeren Härte der Beschichtung.Compared with the conventional multi-hour postbake process, in which a coated with the very soft tin band-shaped workpiece must be rolled and rolled again, the risk of damage to such a workpiece in the inventive method is significantly reduced. The intermetallic phase is formed or reinforced immediately after coating, thereby resulting in a higher hardness of the coating shortly after application of the coating.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist bei der Fertigung den wesentlichen Vorteil auf, dass das Einstellen oder Halten der Temperatur bei den sonst üblichen Verarbeitungsschritten des Werkstücks ausgeführt werden kann. Beispielsweise kann es am Ende einer Reihe von Verarbeitungsschritten oder zwischen einzelnen Verarbeitungsschritten z. B. unter Einsatz eines Durchlaufofens ausgeführt werden. Dadurch verlängert sich die Gesamtfertigungszeit nur unwesentlich und es können deutlich kürzere Taktzeiten eingehalten werden, als bei Anwendung des bisher üblichen Postbake-Verfahrens. Darüber hinaus entfallen das beim herkömmlichen Postbake-Verfahren vor dem Temperieren zum Schutz der Oberfläche eines bandförmigen Werkstücks ggf. erfolgende Einlegen einer Zwischenlage aus Papier und das Entfernen dieses Papiers nach dem Temperieren sowie das Ab- und Wiederaufrollen des Werkstücks zum Einlegen einer Zwischenlage aus Papier und die dadurch verursachten mechanischen Belastungen. Das Einlegen der Zwischenlage aus Papier kann entfallen, weil zwischen dem Beschichten und dem Temperieren keine Gefahr besteht, dass die Oberfläche des Werkstücks verkratzt oder plastisch verformt wird und weil durch den beim Temperieren nicht vorhandenen Kontakt mit anderen Stellen des Bands keine Gefahr des Zusammenbackens besteht. Bei einem nach dem Temperieren sowieso erfolgenden Aufrollen des bandförmigen Werkstücks kann das Einlegen eines Papiers zum Schutz der Oberfläche des Werkstücks ohne zusätzliche mechanische Belastung erfolgen.The method according to the invention has the significant advantage in manufacturing that the setting or holding of the temperature can be carried out in the otherwise usual processing steps of the workpiece. For example, at the end of a series of processing steps or between individual processing steps, e.g. B. be carried out using a continuous furnace. As a result, the total production time is only slightly increased and it can be kept significantly shorter cycle times than when using the usual post-bake method. In addition, eliminating the conventional post-bake process before tempering to protect the surface of a band-shaped workpiece possibly taking place an intermediate layer of paper and removing this paper after tempering and the unwinding and rewinding of the workpiece for inserting an intermediate layer of paper and the mechanical loads caused thereby. The insertion of the intermediate layer of paper can be omitted because between the coating and tempering there is no danger that the surface of the workpiece is scratched or plastically deformed and because by the tempering not existing contact with other parts of the tape there is no risk of caking. In the case of a roll-up of the band-shaped workpiece which takes place after tempering anyway, the insertion of a paper to protect the surface of the workpiece can take place without additional mechanical stress.
Durch das weitere Metall kann die Oberfläche des Werkstücks geglättet werden. Dadurch kann eine bessere Haftung des Zinns erreicht werden. Die kristallografische Orientierung des Metalls und des weiteren Metalls können sich unterscheiden.Due to the additional metal, the surface of the workpiece can be smoothed. As a result, a better adhesion of the tin can be achieved. The crystallographic orientation of the metal and the further metal may differ.
Bei der optionalen Zwischenschicht handelt es sich um eine Sperrschicht, die die Ausbildung einer intermetallischen Phase aus dem Metall und dem Zinn zumindest weitgehend verhindert. Eine solche Sperrschicht besteht aus Nickel oder einer Kupfer-Nickel-Legierung. Handelt es sich bei dem Metall um Kupfer und dem weiteren Metall um Nickel, bildet sich beim Erwärmen eine intermetallische Phase aus Nickel und Kupfer. Die Diffusion von Zinnatomen in Kupfer und Wechselwirkungen zwischen Zinn und Kupfer werden gehemmt bzw. verhindert. Dadurch kann die Ausbildung von Whiskern stark gehemmt werden. Die optionale Zwischenschicht kann galvanisch aufgebracht werden. Sie kann beispielsweise in einer Stärke von bis zu 3 µm aufgebracht werden.The optional intermediate layer is a barrier layer which at least substantially prevents the formation of an intermetallic phase from the metal and the tin. Such a barrier layer consists of nickel or a copper-nickel alloy. If the metal is copper and the other metal is nickel, an intermetallic phase of nickel and copper is formed upon heating. The diffusion of tin atoms into copper and interactions between tin and copper are inhibited or prevented. As a result, the formation of whiskers can be greatly inhibited. The optional intermediate layer can be applied galvanically. It can be applied, for example, in a thickness of up to 3 microns.
Vorzugsweise wird keine Stelle des Bands für mehr als 25 Sekunden, insbesondere mehr als 20 Sekunden, insbesondere mehr als 15 Sekunden, insbesondere mehr als 10 Sekunden, auf die Temperatur gebracht oder bei der Temperatur gehalten. Jede Stelle des Bands wird für 10-40 Sekunden, insbesondere 15 bis 30 Sekunden, insbesondere 20 bis 25 Sekunden, auf die Temperatur gebracht oder bei der Temperatur gehalten wird. Ein Vorteil dieses Verfahrens gegenüber dem Postbake-Verfahren besteht darin, dass das Werkstück nach Durchführung des Verfahrens eine höhere Festigkeit und Härte aufweisen kann. Zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit und der Härte wird das Werkstück vor dem Aufbringen der Beschichtung oder der optionalen Zwischenschicht, insbesondere wenn es aus reinem Kupfer oder Kupfer mit einem geringen Fremdmetallanteil besteht, häufig kalt umgeformt, d. h. zum Beispiel durch Kaltwalzen verdichtet. Die dadurch erhöhte Härte und Festigkeit geht bei einer mit dem Postbake-Verfahren einhergehenden langen Temperierung durch Rekristallisations- und Erholungsprozesse häufig verloren. Durch die verhältnismäßig kurze Temperierung beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vermindert sich die Festigkeit und Härte des Bands dagegen kaum oder gar nicht.Preferably, no location of the belt is brought to or maintained at the temperature for more than 25 seconds, in particular more than 20 seconds, in particular more than 15 seconds, in particular more than 10 seconds. Each spot of the tape is brought to or held at the temperature for 10-40 seconds, especially 15-30 seconds, especially 20-25 seconds. An advantage of this method over the post-bake method is that the workpiece may have higher strength and hardness after the method has been performed. To increase the strength and the hardness of the workpiece before applying the coating or the optional intermediate layer, especially if it is made of pure copper or copper with a small amount of foreign metal, often cold formed, ie compacted for example by cold rolling. The resulting increased hardness and strength is often lost in a long tempering associated with the postbake process by recrystallization and recovery processes. By virtue of the relatively short tempering in the method according to the invention, the strength and hardness of the strip, on the other hand, are hardly or not at all reduced.
Weiterhin hat die verhältnismäßig kurze Temperierung den Vorteil, dass dabei nur eine dünne intermetallische Phase ausgebildet wird, auf der die Schicht aus Zinn oder der Zinnlegierung ein- oder mehrlagig und feinkörnig aufliegen kann. Feinkörnige Schichten aus Zinn oder der Zinnlegierung bilden sich durch galvanischen Auftrag, wobei die Zahl der einzelnen Lagen der Anzahl der galvanischen Beschichtungen entspricht. Durch den genannten Aufbau weist das Werkstück verbesserte Weiterverarbeitungseigenschaften und/oder Gebrauchseigenschaften auf. Insbesondere das Biegeverhalten ist durch die dünne intermetallische Phase gegenüber Werkstücken mit einer dickeren intermetallischen Phase, wie sie beim herkömmlichen mehrstündigen Postbake-Verfahren gebildet wird, verbessert. Beim Biegen wird das Auftreten von Oberflächenrissen und eine damit möglicherweise einhergehende Korrosion des dadurch freigelegten Metalls oder der dadurch freigelegten Legierung des Metalls weitgehend verhindert. Risse in der Oberfläche des Werkstücks stellen oft auch einen Ausgangspunkt für ein weiteres Einreißen des Metalls oder der Legierung des Metalls dar. Die Risse setzen sich dann im Metall oder in der Legierung des Metalls fort.Furthermore, the relatively short tempering has the advantage that only a thin intermetallic phase is formed, on which the layer of tin or the tin alloy can rest in one or more layers and fine-grained. Fine-grained layers of tin or of the tin alloy are formed by electroplating, the number of individual layers corresponding to the number of galvanic coatings. By virtue of the abovementioned structure, the workpiece has improved further processing properties and / or service properties. In particular, the bending behavior is improved by the thin intermetallic phase compared to workpieces with a thicker intermetallic phase, as formed in the conventional multi-hour postbake process. In bending, the occurrence of surface cracks and consequent corrosion of the metal thus exposed or the alloy of the metal thereby exposed is largely prevented. Cracks in the surface of the workpiece often also provide a starting point for further cracking of the metal or alloy of the metal. The cracks then continue in the metal or alloy of the metal.
Weiterhin nimmt die Stärke der intermetallischen Phase auf Kosten der Stärke der Beschichtung oder der optionalen Zwischenschicht bei Lagerung des bandförmigen Werkstücks im Laufe der Zeit unabhängig davon, wie die intermetallische Phase erzeugt wurde, zu. Dies kann sogar so weit gehen, dass sich die Beschichtung oder die optionale Zwischenschicht vollständig in die intermetallische Phase verwandelt. Eine von der intermetallischen Phase gebildete Oberfläche kann nur noch unter Zuhilfenahme von Lot und einem Flussmittel zur Beseitigung von Oxiden auf der Oberfläche gelötet werden. Durch die Bildung einer nur dünnen intermetallischen Phase beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verbleibt von dem auf das Band aufgetragenen Zinn oder der auf das Band aufgetragenen Zinnlegierung, insbesondere nach längerer Lagerung, mehr Material als bei der Bildung einer dickeren intermetallischen Phase. Dieses Material steht für spätere Lötprozesse zur Verfügung oder bildet zumindest eine Schutzschicht, die verhindert, dass beim Löten Oxide auf der Oberfläche durch ein Flussmittel beseitigt werden müssen. Die Lötbarkeit des Werkstücks ist dadurch, insbesondere nach längerer Lagerung des Werkstücks, deutlich verbessert und die Lagerfähigkeit des Werkstücks ist erhöht.Furthermore, the strength of the intermetallic phase increases at the expense of the thickness of the coating or the optional interlayer during storage of the band-shaped workpiece over time, regardless of how the intermetallic phase was generated. This can even go so far that the coating or the optional intermediate layer completely transforms into the intermetallic phase. A surface formed by the intermetallic phase can only be soldered with the aid of solder and a flux for removing oxides on the surface. By forming a only thin In the process according to the invention, the intermetallic phase leaves more material than the tin applied on the strip or the tin alloy applied to the strip, in particular after prolonged storage, than in the formation of a thicker intermetallic phase. This material is available for subsequent soldering processes or at least forms a protective layer that prevents oxides from being removed from the surface during soldering by a flux. The solderability of the workpiece is characterized, especially after prolonged storage of the workpiece, significantly improved and the shelf life of the workpiece is increased.
Darüber hinaus bildet sich durch die kurze Temperierung auf der Oberfläche des Werkstücks nur eine sehr dünne Oxidschicht aus. Vorzugsweise ist die Oxidschicht dünner als 3 µm, insbesondere dünner als 1 µm, insbesondere dünner als 0,5 µm, insbesondere dünner als 0,2 µm, insbesondere dünner als 0,2 nm. Aus der sehr geringen Stärke der Oxidschicht resultiert eine deutlich verbesserte Lötbarkeit gegenüber einer Oberfläche mit einer dickeren Oxidschicht, wie sie z. B. im herkömmlichen mehrstündigen Postbake-Verfahren entsteht. Dies liegt vermutlich daran, dass sich die Oberfläche eines Werkstücks mit dünner Oxidschicht besser mit Lötmaterial benetzen lässt als die Oberfläche eines Werkstücks mit einer dickeren Oxidschicht. Auf Grund der matten Oberfläche und der damit einhergehenden geringen Oberflächenreflexion ist auch ein Laserschweißen des Werkstücks problemlos möglich.In addition, formed by the short tempering on the surface of the workpiece only a very thin oxide layer. Preferably, the oxide layer is thinner than 3 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 1 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 0.5 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 0.2 .mu.m, in particular thinner than 0.2 nm. From the very small thickness of the oxide layer results in a significantly improved Solderability to a surface with a thicker oxide layer, as z. B. arises in the conventional multi-hour postbake process. This is probably due to the fact that the surface of a workpiece with a thin oxide layer can be better wetted with solder material than the surface of a workpiece with a thicker oxide layer. Due to the matte surface and the associated low surface reflection and laser welding of the workpiece is easily possible.
Durch die höchstens 40 Sekunden dauernde Temperierung lässt sich die Verarbeitungszeit gegenüber der Verarbeitungszeit bei Durchführung des herkömmlichen mehrstündigen Postbake-Verfahrens deutlich verringern. Bei einem Werkstück, welches bei der Verarbeitung mehrere Stationen durchläuft, lässt sich durch Verkürzen der Temperierungszeit entweder die Geschwindigkeit des Durchlaufens erhöhen bzw. die Taktzeit verringern und/oder die für das Halten oder Einstellen der Temperatur erforderliche Wegstrecke verringern. Die für die Durchführung des Verfahrens im Durchlaufverfahren vorgesehenen Anlagen können dadurch kürzer und kostengünstiger sein.The temperature control, which lasts for a maximum of 40 seconds, significantly reduces the processing time compared to the processing time when using the conventional, multi-hour postbake process. For a workpiece that passes through several stations during processing, shortening the tempering time can either increase the speed of the cycle or reduce the cycle time and / or reduce the distance required to hold or adjust the temperature. The plants provided for the implementation of the method in a continuous process can thereby be shorter and less expensive.
Als besonders günstig hat es sich erwiesen, wenn die Temperatur auf die das Band abschnittsweise gebracht oder auf der es abschnittsweise gehalten wird 150°C bis 210°C, insbesondere 175°C bis 205°C, insbesondere 180°C bis 200°C, insbesondere 185°C bis 200°C, beträgt.It has proven to be particularly favorable if the temperature is brought to the strip in sections or on which it is held in sections 150 ° C to 210 ° C, in particular 175 ° C to 205 ° C, in particular 180 ° C to 200 ° C, especially 185 ° C to 200 ° C, is.
Entsprechend der Erfindung wird das Band durch Erwärmen auf die Temperatur gebracht. Dabei ist eine Kontrolle der Temperatur des Bands nicht unbedingt erforderlich. Das Verfahren ist dadurch verfahrenstechnisch einfach und damit kostengünstig durchzuführen. Beispielsweise kann dazu ein Durchlaufofen eingesetzt werden.According to the invention, the strip is brought to the temperature by heating. It is not absolutely necessary to check the temperature of the belt. The process is characterized procedurally simple and therefore inexpensive to perform. For example, a continuous furnace can be used for this purpose.
Die Beschichtung kann galvanisch oder durch Inkontaktbringen mit einer Schmelze des Zinns oder der Zinnlegierung aufgebracht werden. Auch die optionale Zwischenschicht kann galvanisch oder durch Inkontaktbringen mit einer Schmelze des weiteren Metalls oder der Legierung des weiteren Metalls aufgebracht werden. Unmittelbar nach dem galvanischen Auftrag ist keine intermetallische Phase vorhanden, während sich beim Aufbringen der Beschichtung oder der optionalen Zwischenschicht durch Inkontaktbringen mit der Schmelze eine intermetallische Phase ausbildet, die durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verstärkt wird. Das Inkontaktbringen mit der Schmelze kann z. B. durch ein sogenanntes Feuerverzinnen erfolgen. Dabei kann das Band durch ein Becken mit flüssigem Zinn gefahren werden. Danach wird das flüssige Zinn, z. B. mittels Luftdüsen soweit entfernt, dass das Zinn in der gewünschten Schichtdicke auf dem Werkstück verbleibt.The coating can be applied galvanically or by contacting it with a melt of the tin or the tin alloy. The optional intermediate layer may also be applied galvanically or by contacting it with a melt of the further metal or the alloy of the further metal. Immediately after the electroplating, no intermetallic phase is present, while during the application of the coating or the optional intermediate layer by contacting with the melt, an intermetallic phase is formed, which is reinforced by the process according to the invention. The contacting with the melt can, for. B. done by a so-called hot tinning. The belt can be driven through a tank with liquid tin. Thereafter, the liquid tin, z. B. far removed by means of air nozzles that the tin remains in the desired thickness on the workpiece.
Die optionale Zwischenschicht wird vorzugsweise in einer Stärke von 50 bis 500 nm, insbesondere 100 bis 200 nm, auf das Band aufgebracht.The optional intermediate layer is preferably applied to the tape in a thickness of 50 to 500 nm, in particular 100 to 200 nm.
Vorzugsweise liegt das als Rohling fungierende Band in Form eines Stanzbandes vor. Entsprechend der Erfindung durchläuft das Band der Länge nach mehrere Verarbeitungsstationen, so dass daran, außer bei einer Verarbeitung des Anfangs und des Endes des Bandes, gleichzeitig verschiedene Verarbeitungsschritte vorgenommen werden. Dabei wird ein auf dem Band entlangwandernder Abschnitt des Bandes nach dem Aufbringen der Schicht beim Durchlaufen einer der Verarbeitungsstationen, z. B. in einem Durchlaufofen, auf die Temperatur gebracht oder auf der Temperatur gehalten. Die Schicht kann dabei auch durch mehrfaches galvanisches Auftragen gebildet werden, wobei das auf die Temperatur Bringen oder auf der Temperatur Halten meist erst nach dem letzten galvanischen Auftrag erfolgt. Bei Vorliegen eines Rohlings in Form des Bandes kommen die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besonders zur Geltung, weil die Gesamtverarbeitungszeit eines verschiedene Verarbeitungsstationen durchlaufenden Bandes sich lediglich um die Zeit der Temperierung des Bandes erhöht. Ein mehrstündiges "Backen" in einem Ofen und die damit verbundenen Arbeitsschritte entfallen.Preferably, the band acting as a blank is in the form of a punched strip. According to the invention, the strip passes through a plurality of processing stations lengthwise, so that different processing steps are performed simultaneously, except for processing the beginning and the end of the strip. In this case, a portion of the belt along the belt migrating after the application of the layer Go through one of the processing stations, z. B. in a continuous furnace, brought to the temperature or kept at the temperature. The layer can also be formed by multiple electroplating, which usually takes place at the temperature or at the temperature hold only after the last galvanic application. In the presence of a blank in the form of the band, the advantages of the method according to the invention are particularly effective, because the total processing time of a band passing through different processing stations increases only by the time of temperature control of the band. A multi-hour "baking" in an oven and the associated steps are eliminated.
Verfahrenstechnisch besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Band durch die Verarbeitungsstationen gezogen wird. Dies verhindert Stauchungen und dadurch verursachte Knicke des Bandes und ist ohne großen technischen Aufwand möglich und dadurch kostengünstig.In terms of process technology, it is particularly advantageous if the strip is pulled through the processing stations. This prevents compression and thus caused kinks of the tape and is possible without great technical effort and thus cost.
Vorzugsweise wird das Band von einer ersten Rolle abgerollt, durchläuft dann die Verarbeitungsstationen und wird anschließend, insbesondere ohne ein Trennmittel, auf einer zweiten Rolle aufgerollt. Sowohl die erste als auch die zweite Rolle können vom Band selbst gebildet werden. Alternativ können die Rollen auch jeweils dadurch gebildet werden, dass das Band auf einem Träger aufgerollt wird.Preferably, the tape is unrolled from a first roll, then passes through the processing stations and is then rolled up, in particular without a release agent, on a second roll. Both the first and second rolls can be formed by the tape itself. Alternatively, the rollers may each be formed by rolling the tape on a carrier.
Entsprechend der Erfindung weist die intermetallische Phase eine Stärke von höchstens 500 nm, insbesondere eine Stärke von 30 bis 300 nm, insbesondere eine Stärke von 50 bis 150 nm, insbesondere eine Stärke von 70 bis 100 nm, auf. Eine solch dünne intermetallische Phase verbessert, insbesondere in Kombination mit einer feinkörnigen Schicht aus Zinn, die Weiterverarbeitungs- und insbesondere die Biegeeigenschaften des Werkstücks. Beim Biegen des Werkstücks wird die Bildung von Rissen in der Schicht weitgehend vermieden.According to the invention, the intermetallic phase has a thickness of at most 500 nm, in particular a thickness of 30 to 300 nm, in particular a thickness of 50 to 150 nm, in particular a thickness of 70 to 100 nm. Such a thin intermetallic phase improves, especially in combination with a fine-grained layer of tin, the further processing and in particular the bending properties of the workpiece. When bending the workpiece, the formation of cracks in the layer is largely avoided.
Bei der Legierung des Metalls handelt es sich erfindungsgemäß um CuFe, insbesondere CuFe2P, oder CuNiSn, CuNiSi, Messing (CUZn), CuBe oder CuSnZn oder eine Bronze, insbesondere CuSn4, CuSn6 oder CuSn8.The alloy of the metal according to the invention is CuFe, in particular CuFe2P, or CuNiSn, CuNiSi, brass (CUZn), CuBe or CuSnZn or a bronze, in particular CuSn 4 , CuSn 6 or CuSn 8 .
Bei dem bandförmigen Werkstück kann es sich um ein Stanzgitter, ein Stanzband, ein Bauteil oder einen Verbund von Bauteilen handeln. Bei dem Bauteil/den Bauteilen handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Bauteil/Bauteile für die Elektroindustrie, insbesondere einen Kontakt/Kontakte. Bei dem Stanzband handelt es sich um ein gestanztes Band. Beispielsweise kann aus dem Band Material so herausgestanzt worden sein, dass das verbleibende Material, abgesehen von beidseits verbleibenden durchgehenden Metallstreifen, Kontakte für die Elektroindustrie darstellt, die am Ende oder nach Durchführung des Verfahrens aus dem Band herausgestanzt werden.The strip-shaped workpiece may be a stamped grid, a punched strip, a component or a composite of components. The component / components is preferably a component / components for the electrical industry, in particular a contact / contacts. The punching tape is a stamped tape. For example, material may have been punched out of the belt so that the remaining material, other than the continuous metal strip remaining on both sides, represents contacts for the electrical industry, which are punched out of the belt at the end or after the process has been carried out.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment.
Ein Stanzband aus Kupfer wird von einer ersten Rolle abgerollt und auf einer zweiten Rolle aufgerollt. Das Band wird dabei durch einen Antrieb von der ersten Rolle zur zweiten Rolle hin gezogen. Zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Rolle durchläuft das Band kontinuierlich mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit verschiedene Verarbeitungsstationen:
- In der ersten Station erfolgt eine gründliche Entfettung in einem Bad eines fettlösenden Lösungsmittels und ein anschließendes Abblasen noch anhaftenden Lösungsmittels vom Stanzband. Dann erfolgt eine Aktivierung, bei der das Stanzband durch eine saure Lösung geführt wird, gefolgt von einem gründlichen Spülen zum Entfernen der noch anhaftenden sauren Lösung. Daraufhin wird das Band durch ein galvanisches Bad gezogen, in dem elektrochemisch Zinn auf dem Stanzband abgeschieden wird. Nach erneutem Spülen oder auch ohne weiteres Spülen können noch weitere galvanische Verzinnungsschritte erfolgen, an die sich vor einem weiteren Verzinnungsschritt ggf. jeweils ein gründliches Spülen anschließt. Nach dem Verzinnen wird das Band gespült und getrocknet und durch einen Durchlaufofen gezogen. Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der das Band bewegt wird, und die Länge des Durchlaufofens sind dabei so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass jede Stelle des Stanzbandes für 20 Sekunden auf eine Temperatur von 180°C gebracht wird. Im weiteren Verlauf des Verfahrens kühlt das Stanzband ab und wird auf der zweiten Rolle aufgerollt.
- In the first station, a thorough degreasing is carried out in a bath of a fat-dissolving solvent and then blowing off solvent still adhering to the punched strip. Then, an activation is performed in which the punching tape is passed through an acidic solution, followed by thorough rinsing to remove the adhering acidic solution. The strip is then pulled through a galvanic bath in which tin is electrochemically deposited on the punching tape. After rinsing again or without further rinsing, further galvanic tinplating steps can be carried out, followed by a thorough rinsing, if necessary, before a further tin-plating step. After tinning, the tape is rinsed and dried and pulled through a continuous oven. The speed with which the belt is moved, and the length of the continuous furnace are coordinated so that each point of the punching belt is brought to a temperature of 180 ° C for 20 seconds. In the further course of the process, the punching tape cools and is rolled up on the second roll.
Claims (11)
- Method for producing a strip-shaped workpiece made of metal, wherein the metal is copper, or an alloy of a metal, wherein the alloy of a metal is a copper alloy, namely CuFe, in particular CuFe2P, or CuNiSn, CuNiSi, brass (CuZn), CuBe or CuSnZn or Bronze, in particular CuSn4, CuSn6, CuSn8, with- a coating consisting of at least one layer of tin or a tin alloy, and- an optional intermediate layer, which is another layer, arranged between the metal or the alloy of the metal and the coating, of another metal, namely nickel or an alloy of another metal, namely a copper-nickel alloy, and- between the metal or the alloy of the metal and the coating, or between the metal or the alloy of the metal and the optional intermediate layer, an intermetallic phase containing the metal and tin or, when the optional intermediate layer is present, the metal and the other metal,whereina) the coating or the optional intermediate layer, and then the coating, is/are deposited in sections onto a strip consisting of the metal or the alloy of the metal,b) then, in order to form or strengthen the intermetallic phase to a thickness of at most 500 nm, the strip is heated in sections to a temperature above 100°C and below the melting point of the coating, or is held at such a temperature,c) the strip passes through multiple processing stations, depending on the length, such that various processing steps are carried out simultaneously on the strip, with the exception of processing the start and the end of the strip, andd) after deposition of the layer when passing through one of the processing stations, a section of the strip that moves along the strip is heated to the temperature or is held at the temperature, wherein no point on the strip is heated to the temperature or held at the temperature for less than 10 seconds or for more than 40 seconds.
- Method according to Claim 1, wherein no point on the strip is heated to the temperature or held at the temperature for more than 25 seconds, in particular more than 20 seconds, in particular more than 15 seconds, in particular more than 10 seconds.
- Method according to either of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature is 150°C to 210°C, in particular 175°C to 205°C, in particular 180°C to 200°C, in particular 185°C to 200°C.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating is applied galvanically or by contact with a melt of the coating, and/or the optional intermediate layer is applied galvanically or by contact with a melt of the optional intermediate layer.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating is applied to the strip or the optional intermediate layer with a thickness of 1.5 to 20 µm, in particular 2 to 7 µm, in particular 2 to 4 µm.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the optional intermediate layer is applied to the strip with a thickness of 50 to 500 nm, in particular 100 to 200 nm.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip is drawn through the processing stations.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip is unwound from a first roll, in particular one formed of the strip, then passes through the processing stations and is then rolled, preferably without a release agent, onto a second roll, in particular one formed of the strip.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermetallic phase has a thickness of 30 to 300 nm, in particular a thickness of 50 to 150 nm, in particular a thickness of 70 to 100 nm.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface of the strip-shaped workpiece has an oxide layer which is thinner than 3 µm, in particular thinner than 1 µm, in particular thinner than 0.5 µm, in particular thinner than 0.2 µm, in particular thinner than 0.2 nm.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip-shaped workpiece is a pressed screen, a pressed strip, a component or an assembly of components.
Priority Applications (1)
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PL11002620T PL2468926T3 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-03-30 | Method for producing a workpiece made of metal or an alloy of a metal having a coating |
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DE102010054539A DE102010054539A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | Method for producing a workpiece made of copper or a copper alloy with a coating |
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EP2468926A1 EP2468926A1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
EP2468926B1 true EP2468926B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
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EP (1) | EP2468926B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010054539A1 (en) |
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DE102015003284A1 (en) | 2015-03-14 | 2016-09-15 | Diehl Metal Applications Gmbh | Method for producing a workpiece made of metal |
CN112469207B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2024-06-21 | 苏州市杰煜电子有限公司 | High-yield SMT (surface mounted technology) process for high-quality solder paste printing |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0735156B1 (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 2001-09-05 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Process and apparatus for the partially hot tin plating of a sheet |
WO2004029316A2 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-04-08 | The Louis Berkman Compagny | Corrosion-resistant coated copper and method for making the same |
Family Cites Families (7)
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AT378008B (en) * | 1982-09-07 | 1985-06-10 | Neumayer Karl Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING WIRE COATED WITH A TIN ALLOY |
JP2587258B2 (en) | 1987-12-16 | 1997-03-05 | 日鉱金属株式会社 | Method for producing reflow tin or tin alloy plated material using copper or copper alloy as base material |
DE19752329A1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-05-27 | Stolberger Metallwerke Gmbh | Process for the production of a metallic composite tape |
JP4218042B2 (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2009-02-04 | Dowaホールディングス株式会社 | Method for producing copper or copper base alloy |
US7488408B2 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2009-02-10 | Panasonic Corporation | Tin-plated film and method for producing the same |
JP4640260B2 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2011-03-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Flat cable manufacturing method |
JP2010126766A (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | PLATED BASE MATERIAL HAVING Sn PLATING LAYER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
-
2010
- 2010-12-15 DE DE102010054539A patent/DE102010054539A1/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0735156B1 (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 2001-09-05 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Process and apparatus for the partially hot tin plating of a sheet |
WO2004029316A2 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-04-08 | The Louis Berkman Compagny | Corrosion-resistant coated copper and method for making the same |
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PL2468926T3 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
DE102010054539A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
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