EP2466039A2 - Sicherheitsvorrichtung für Schließzylinder - Google Patents

Sicherheitsvorrichtung für Schließzylinder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2466039A2
EP2466039A2 EP20110194140 EP11194140A EP2466039A2 EP 2466039 A2 EP2466039 A2 EP 2466039A2 EP 20110194140 EP20110194140 EP 20110194140 EP 11194140 A EP11194140 A EP 11194140A EP 2466039 A2 EP2466039 A2 EP 2466039A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
facet
security device
rotary cam
lock cylinders
locking bolts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20110194140
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2466039B1 (de
EP2466039A3 (de
Inventor
Jose Alcelay Bea
Ander Munoz Laguardia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Talleres de Escoriaza SA
Original Assignee
Talleres de Escoriaza SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ES201031871A external-priority patent/ES2396377B1/es
Priority claimed from ES201131640A external-priority patent/ES2401858B1/es
Application filed by Talleres de Escoriaza SA filed Critical Talleres de Escoriaza SA
Publication of EP2466039A2 publication Critical patent/EP2466039A2/de
Publication of EP2466039A3 publication Critical patent/EP2466039A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2466039B1 publication Critical patent/EP2466039B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/16—Use of special materials for parts of locks
    • E05B15/1614—Use of special materials for parts of locks of hard materials, to prevent drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
    • E05B17/0054—Fraction or shear lines; Slip-clutches, resilient parts or the like for preventing damage when forced or slammed
    • E05B17/0062—Fraction or shear lines; Slip-clutches, resilient parts or the like for preventing damage when forced or slammed with destructive disengagement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
    • E05B17/20—Means independent of the locking mechanism for preventing unauthorised opening, e.g. for securing the bolt in the fastening position
    • E05B17/2084—Means to prevent forced opening by attack, tampering or jimmying
    • E05B17/2092—Means responsive to tampering or attack providing additional locking
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B9/00—Lock casings or latch-mechanism casings ; Fastening locks or fasteners or parts thereof to the wing
    • E05B9/04—Casings of cylinder locks
    • E05B9/041—Double cylinder locks

Definitions

  • the present invention to a security device for lock cylinders designed especially for cylinders used in doors and formed by an internal stator and an external stator connected at the bottom by a central zone, and the set contains blocking systems which are, respectively, the internal rotor and the external rotor acting together with a mobile clutch in the rotary cam.
  • This device provides a security against an act of vandalism consisting in gripping the cylinder by its front section with a pliers type tool and applying force from right to left, and once the cylinder is broken along the central zone, the burglar acts on the rotary cam in order to activate the door opening mechanism and penetrate inside the house.
  • the present invention relates to a device for providing security against attempts to force the cylinder of a lock using a set of plugs in order to set up the opening key.
  • the methods of violation of lock cylinders attempt to override in a certain manner, destructive or not, the opening key established by means of the plugs, in order to be able to act on the rotary cam which activates the locking mechanism to its opening.
  • the present invention is centred on two typical vulnerability modes which have similar operation and have not yet been adequately resolved.
  • One of these modes consists in drilling, by applying a drill-bit from the front part of the cylinder lengthwise along the channel for the key, in order to destroy the plugs, which form the opening combination, taking advantage of the fact that the material of the drill-bit is much harder than the material of the cylinder and the plugs.
  • the other mode consists in screwing in a high-resistance screw into the channel for the key, and once it is anchored in it, pulling it until succeeding in pulling it out together with the rotor of the cylinder.
  • lock cylinders which comprise, as a security means, an internal protector, which is located in the front part of the weak central zone with the rotary cam and the subjection bore, encompassing completely the contour of the cylinder in this zone.
  • an internal protector which is located in the front part of the weak central zone with the rotary cam and the subjection bore, encompassing completely the contour of the cylinder in this zone.
  • anti-drill devices for lock cylinders, which use locking bolts with higher hardness in the rotor. These devices are designed to cause a peripheral damage in the blade of the extracting drill-bit and impede the professional burglar from perforating the channel for the key and gripping the rotor of the cylinder, thus preventing its extraction.
  • lock cylinders which comprise complete mechanisms formed by displaceable elements located in the stator of the cylinder and which, once the professional burglar has succeeded in extracting the rotor of the lock cylinder, block the locking mechanism.
  • the "New Kitemark Standard” of 18 August 2011 also refers to a series of specifications formulated by following the emergency related to a method of attack centred on the cylinders used in locks. This standard uses tests with human interventions and thus ensures that such tests are very similar to a real attack.
  • the European standard EN 1303 establishes five levels of security based on the compliance with the recommended parameters related to the design and the tests simulating an attack, such as resistance to fire, security against break-ins, number of possible combinations, durability, resistance to corrosion, etc.
  • This standard is to guarantee a certain level of quality related to a traceability of the results of the tests, which, with the objective to create a comparative base for standardisation, are entrusted to machines with the task of the responsible technician being nothing else than the operation of the machine and ensuring that the conditions established for the test are fulfilled; in other words, tests which can qualify as academic ones.
  • One way to improve the resistance to this type of attack consists in the positioning of different sets of locking bolts aligned in transversal direction or in oblique form along the rotor in a way to create a series of successive strong points in order to provoke a break in the drill-bit or disablement of the screwdriver.
  • the inconvenience here is that, since the positions occupied by the locking bolts can not be occupied at the same time by the plugs which establish the combination, the number of the possible combinations of the cylinder will be affected, which reduces the security level provided by it; it has to he pointed out that for each combination plug there are from 5 to 7 possible heights available, due to which the combination capacity of the cylinder will be diminished in proportion to each position that has been lost by the combination plugs.
  • the present invention proposes a security device for door-related lock cylinders, which consist of an internal stator and an external stator, connected at the bottom by a central zone, and the set contains blocking systems, which are, respectively, the internal rotor and the external rotor acting together with a mobile clutch in the rotary cam, and consists in a security mechanism comprising elements of axial displacement of the rotary cam and radial and axial blocking of the same when the external stator and the external rotor, including the mobile clutch, have been eliminated.
  • the "New Kitemark Standard” which is considered the most demanding in matters of security, establishes 2.5 minutes as the maximum amount of time available to the burglar for opening the lock before being discovered or before other security devices such as an alarm are activated, which time is less than the time provided by the security device described in the present patent.
  • the security mechanism is formed by a fixing element, which is loaded elastically against a spring located in a pocket of the internal stator or in a pocket of an external security element of the cylinder and serves as an enveloping and protecting shield of the same.
  • the security device will act together with an element of axial mentum of the rotary cam and a slot in the form of a ring with existing holes in the rotary cam, with the meeting point of the fixing element coinciding with the slot in the form of a ring of the rotary cam producing the fixation of the same, and when the fixing element confronts one of the holes, this causes blocking of the rotation of the rotary cam.
  • the invention considers that the top section of the fixing element has an axial driving bezel that is capable to slide on the pad of the slot in the form of a ring of the rotary cam, forcing the rotary cam to shift longitudinally once the external rotor and the external stator and the clutch have been extracted, and due to the instability of the support of the pad of the slot in the form of a ring on the axial driving bezel caused by the movement generated by the forcing exercised by the burglar on the rotary cam.
  • the force of the spring that is loaded against the fixing element in its bottom part is used both for shifting the rotary cam and for inserting it in the slot in the form of a ring of the cam, thus causing the blocking of the same and the impossibility to open the lock.
  • the invention considers that the internal flaps of the rotary cam are made of weakened material, which would provoke its rupture if forced by a turning tool, thus preventing the burglar form operating the rotation of the cam because of the absence of flat support surfaces from where to actuate the turning tool, and the cam will remain inoperable for the opening.
  • a new optional implementation is foreseen, in which the rotary cam consists of two elements; a female bush and a male bush connected to each other by the adjustment of the bulge for fixing the male bush and the corresponding recess made in the female bush, and with the particular feature that, in addition, the male bush contains a weakening slot.
  • the set of the rotary cam will remain connected and performing its function of opening and closing the lock normally, except in the cases when the cam is attacked by an intruder who attempts its extraction and by using a turning tool applies force that is sufficient for breaking the male bush due to the slot deliberately made in its interior.
  • This invention presents also a security device with anti-drilling protection for lock cylinders, which uses security locking bolts with adequate, increased hardness, designed as locking bolts with a facet, because they have in their periphery at least one flat face with an anti-drilling facet oriented in parallel to the channel of the cylinder for the key; according to the invention, the said flat face with anti-drilling facet has a longitudinal dimension of at least 0.5mm in the direction of the channel for the key; also, according to the invention, the rotor has at least one pair of locking bolts with a facet, which are mounted collaterally in a transversal section of the cylinder in a way that their respective flat faces remain confronted with the channel for keys with a separation not greater than 3.3mm.
  • Another very important advantage of the proposed solution is that, although not limited, in general, only one pair of locking bolts located very close to the front part of the cylinder can be sufficient in a way that they can also be compatible with the usual combination plugs of the cylinder; in the limit case, one of the locations of the usual combination plugs of the cylinder can be sacrificed. This means that this solution permits to have a large capacity for combinations, which also incorporates the anti-drilling protection proposed in the invention.
  • the flat face with anti-rotation facet has in the limit case at least one radial flap with anti-rotation facet which juts out from a cylindrical core.
  • the locking bolts with a facet have a transversal polygonal section determining a plurality of flat faces with every one of them capable to be oriented in parallel to the channel for the key.
  • the transversal polygonal section can be rectangular and determine a locking bolt with a facet in the form of a flange.
  • the locking bolts with a facet have a mixed transversal section which has at least one flat face with anti-rotation facet as a slot with a cylindrical or ovoid form.
  • the locking bolts with a facet can have chamfered cylindrical ends with a smaller contour, which are reciprocal to the pockets existing on purpose in the rotor.
  • the locking bolts with a facet are obtained by machining in a metal-cutting, stamping or moulding process; they are made of hardened carbon steel or steel with a metal carbides base.
  • the locking bolts with a facet are inserted in cylindrical housings made in the rotor with a standard drill-bit.
  • the much greater hardness of the material, generally brass, of the locking bolt with respect to the cylinder is used, so that by insertion under pressure the locking bolt with a facet is located in the housing, with its deformation and with anti-rotation interlocking, by positioning in turn the locking bolt in such a way that the radial flap with the anti-rotation facet of the locking bolt remains oriented along the penetration direction of the forcing screwdriver or drill-bit in order to achieve the maximum opposing effectiveness against this penetrating action.
  • the locking bolts with a facet will be always mounted with their axes in parallel to the central plane of the channel for the key and respectively mounted in a vertical or horizontal position depending on whether the channel for the key is vertical, for a sawn key or horizontal for a flat key.
  • the external rotor (4) and the external stator (6) of the cylinder (1) are shown on the right side of the plot layout and, consequently, the internal rotor (3) and the internal stator (5) of the cylinder (1) are shown on the left side.
  • a security device for door lock cylinders (1) consisting of internal stator (5) and external stator (6), connected at the bottom by a central zone (2), and the set accommodates blocking systems, which are the respective internal rotor (3) and external rotor (4) acting as a mobile clutch (15) in the rotary cam (8).
  • Figure 1 illustrates the object of the invention, which has a security mechanism comprising elements of axial displacement of the rotary cam (8) and radial and axial blocking of the same, when the external stator (6) and the external rotor (4) have been eliminated, including the mobile clutch (15).
  • the security mechanism is formed by a fixing element (9) loaded elastically against a spring (10) located in a pocket (12) of the internal stator (5), and in conjunction with an axial impulse element (13) of the rotary cam (8) and a slot in the form of a ring (8a) with openings (8b) in the rotary cam (8), with the confrontation of the fixing element (9) coinciding with the slot in the form of a ring (8a) of the rotary cam (8) producing fixing of the same, and when there is a confrontation between the fixing element (9) and some of the openings (8b) penetrating and causing the blocking of the rotation of the rotary cam (8).
  • one blind hole (11) is provided in the internal rotor (3), which can accommodate the fixing element (9) when one of the openings (8b) of the rotary cam (8) and the blind hole (11) meet with each other.
  • Figures 2 and 9 show this characteristic, which reinforces the axial and radial blocking of the rotary cam (8) by incrementing it with the penetration of the fixing element (9) in the blind hole (11) of the internal rotor (3).
  • the axial impulse element (13) is a spring located between the rotary cam (8) and the internal stator (5) of the cylinder (1).
  • the axial impulse element (10) is a spring located in a pocket (20) of the internal stator (5), which protects this security element from any possible impact on its installation.
  • the upper part of the fixing element (9) is an axial impulse bezel (9a) that can be displaced by the pad (23) of the slot in the form of a ring (8c) of the rotary cam (8), since the angular component corresponding to the angle of the pad (23) of the rotary cam (8) permits it to slide on this pad (23) displacing longitudinally the rotary cam (8) at the same time when it becomes lodged in the slot in the form of a ring (8a) thus generating the blocking of the rotary cam (8).
  • the fixing element (9) is loaded elastically against a spring (10) located in a pocket (22) of an external security element (21) of the cylinder (1).
  • the invention considers that the internal flaps (8c) of the rotary cam are made of weakened material, which would provoke its rupture if forced by a turning tool, thus preventing the burglar form operating the rotation of the rotary cam (8) because of the absence of flat support surfaces from where to actuate the turning tool, and the rotary cam (8) will remain inoperable for the opening.
  • FIG. 15 and 16A to 16F different variants are illustrated of a preferred form of implementation of the object of the invention related to an anti-drilling device for protection of lock cylinders, which, as illustrated by figures 15 and 16A to 16F , has a specific feature of comprising locking bolts with adequate increased hardness designed as locking bolts with a facet (31), because they have in their periphery at least one flat face with an anti-rotation facet (31a) oriented in parallel to the channel for the key (7) of the cylinder (1).
  • the flat face with an anti-rotation facet (31a) has a longitudinal dimension (31d) of at least 0.5 mm.
  • the rotor (4) has at least one pair of locking bolts with a facet (31), which, as shown in Figure 15 , are located collaterally in a transversal section of the cylinder (1) in a way that their respective flat faces (31a) remain confronted with respect to the channel for the key (7) with a separation (31e) that is not greater than 3.3mm.
  • the flat face with an anti-rotation facet (31a) in the locking bolt with a facet (31) is at the end of at least one radial flap with an anti-rotation facet (31b), which juts out from a cylindrical core (31c); this configuration is the one shown in Figure 15 and is then used in the remaining drawings.
  • One variant of it is the one shown in Figure 16A , which, instead of a radial flap with an anti-rotation facet (31b), shows two equal ones confronted to each other for greater practical versatility.
  • the locking bolts with a facet (31) have a transversal polygonal section determining a plurality of flat faces (31a) with every one of them capable to be oriented in parallel to the channel for the key (7).
  • figures 16B to 16E show the respective transversal sections of the forms: triangular, which offers three flat faces (31a), each one of them with a minimum dimension established in the invention; square, with four flat faces (31a), according to the invention; octagonal, with eight flat faces (31a) with the same condition as the preceding ones; and rectangular, which, due to the relationships between the dimensions, results in a design with one locking bolt with a facet (31) in the form of a flange, where the active flat faces (31a) could be the small faces from Figure 16E , always under the conditions of minimal dimensions established in the invention.
  • Another implementation form is one in which the locking bolts with a facet (31) have a mixed transversal section which has at least one flat face with anti-rotation facet (31a) as a slot with a cylindrical or ovoid form.
  • the transversal section from Figure 16F corresponds to this variant.
  • the locking bolts with a facet (31) can have cylindrical ends (31c) with a smaller contour which are reciprocal to the pockets existing on purpose in the rotor (4); for example, those shown in figures 30 and 31 for the rotor (4), maintaining their operative position due to the anti-rotation effect of the slot.
  • the locking bolts with a facet (31) are obtained by machining in a metal-cutting, stamping or moulding process; they are made of hardened carbon steel or steel with a metal carbides base.
  • the locking bolts with a facet (31) will be always mounted with their axes in parallel to the central plane of the channel for the key (7) and respectively mounted in a vertical or horizontal position depending on whether the channel for the key (7) is vertical, for a sawn key or horizontal for a flat key.
EP11194140.7A 2010-12-17 2011-12-16 Sicherheitsvorrichtung für Schließzylinder Active EP2466039B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201031871A ES2396377B1 (es) 2010-12-17 2010-12-17 Dispositivo de seguridad para cilindros de cerradura.
ES201131640A ES2401858B1 (es) 2011-10-13 2011-10-13 Dispositivo de seguridad para cilindros de cerradura

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2466039A2 true EP2466039A2 (de) 2012-06-20
EP2466039A3 EP2466039A3 (de) 2015-09-23
EP2466039B1 EP2466039B1 (de) 2019-01-23

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11194140.7A Active EP2466039B1 (de) 2010-12-17 2011-12-16 Sicherheitsvorrichtung für Schließzylinder

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EP (1) EP2466039B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2718300T3 (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103334644A (zh) * 2013-07-25 2013-10-02 四川润智兴科技有限公司 高安全性离合电子锁头
AT513607A4 (de) * 2012-11-08 2014-06-15 Evva Sicherheitstechnologie Zylinderschloss
EP2840204A2 (de) 2013-08-23 2015-02-25 Kaba GmbH Schließzylinder
EP3012389A1 (de) * 2014-10-24 2016-04-27 K I J Security Locks Limited Schloss
GB2549193A (en) * 2016-03-11 2017-10-11 K I J Security Locks Ltd A lock
GB2556336A (en) * 2016-09-19 2018-05-30 Uap Ltd Improvements to lock cylinders
GB2565379A (en) * 2017-07-11 2019-02-13 Uap Ltd A lock cylinder for a locking mechanism
US10443265B2 (en) 2015-11-06 2019-10-15 Winloc Ag Set of profile members in combination with a key plug, a method to manufacture such a key plug and a combination also including an associated key
WO2019220084A1 (en) * 2018-05-13 2019-11-21 Giovanni Laporta A cylinder lock
EP3517713B1 (de) * 2018-01-29 2020-12-16 C. Ed. Schulte Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Zylinderschlossfabrik Schliesseinrichtung
GB2601001A (en) * 2020-11-17 2022-05-18 Uap Ltd Lock actuator
WO2022253684A3 (en) * 2021-06-01 2023-01-12 Titon Hardware Limited A cylinder lock and a cam for a cylinder lock

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3838481A1 (de) * 1988-11-12 1990-05-17 Erich Mundhenke Zylinderschloss
FR2716484B1 (fr) * 1994-02-22 1997-06-20 Cavers Ets Dispositif anti-effraction à délateur pour serrure de sûreté.
FR2863295B1 (fr) * 2003-12-03 2006-03-10 Fichet Serrurerie Batiment Fsb Dispositif de blocage et de deblocage d'un mouvement d'actionnement, notamment pour serrure de surete, muni de de moyens de blocage en cas de tronconnement du barillet
DE102007007688A1 (de) * 2007-02-16 2008-08-21 C. Ed. Schulte Gmbh Zylinderschlossfabrik Schließzylinder mit Verschleißschutz
WO2009147677A1 (en) * 2008-06-05 2009-12-10 Aharon, Moshe Cylinder protective system
GB2474372A (en) * 2008-06-26 2011-04-13 Avocet Hardware Ltd Lock assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NEW KITEMARK STANDARD, 18 August 2011 (2011-08-18)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT513607A4 (de) * 2012-11-08 2014-06-15 Evva Sicherheitstechnologie Zylinderschloss
AT513607B1 (de) * 2012-11-08 2014-06-15 Evva Sicherheitstechnologie Zylinderschloss
CN103334644A (zh) * 2013-07-25 2013-10-02 四川润智兴科技有限公司 高安全性离合电子锁头
EP2840204A2 (de) 2013-08-23 2015-02-25 Kaba GmbH Schließzylinder
AT14128U1 (de) * 2013-08-23 2015-04-15 Kaba Gmbh Schließzylinder
EP2840204A3 (de) * 2013-08-23 2015-08-05 Kaba GmbH Schließzylinder
EP3012389A1 (de) * 2014-10-24 2016-04-27 K I J Security Locks Limited Schloss
CN105545101A (zh) * 2014-10-24 2016-05-04 Kij安全锁有限公司 锁
GB2534001A (en) * 2014-10-24 2016-07-13 K I J Security Locks Ltd A lock
CN105545101B (zh) * 2014-10-24 2019-11-22 Kij安全锁有限公司 锁
US10443265B2 (en) 2015-11-06 2019-10-15 Winloc Ag Set of profile members in combination with a key plug, a method to manufacture such a key plug and a combination also including an associated key
GB2549193A (en) * 2016-03-11 2017-10-11 K I J Security Locks Ltd A lock
GB2549193B (en) * 2016-03-11 2021-06-16 Uap Ltd A lock
GB2556336A (en) * 2016-09-19 2018-05-30 Uap Ltd Improvements to lock cylinders
GB2556336B (en) * 2016-09-19 2021-08-04 Uap Ltd Improvements to lock cylinders
GB2565379A (en) * 2017-07-11 2019-02-13 Uap Ltd A lock cylinder for a locking mechanism
GB2565379B (en) * 2017-07-11 2019-10-16 Uap Ltd A lock cylinder for a locking mechanism
EP3517713B1 (de) * 2018-01-29 2020-12-16 C. Ed. Schulte Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Zylinderschlossfabrik Schliesseinrichtung
EP3789568A1 (de) * 2018-01-29 2021-03-10 C. Ed. Schulte Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Zylinderschlossfabrik Schliesseinrichtung
GB2575346A (en) * 2018-05-13 2020-01-08 Laporta Giovanni A cylinder lock
WO2019220084A1 (en) * 2018-05-13 2019-11-21 Giovanni Laporta A cylinder lock
GB2575346B (en) * 2018-05-13 2023-02-22 Laporta Giovanni A cylinder lock
GB2601001A (en) * 2020-11-17 2022-05-18 Uap Ltd Lock actuator
GB2601001B (en) * 2020-11-17 2023-08-30 Uap Ltd Lock actuator
WO2022253684A3 (en) * 2021-06-01 2023-01-12 Titon Hardware Limited A cylinder lock and a cam for a cylinder lock

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2466039B1 (de) 2019-01-23
EP2466039A3 (de) 2015-09-23
ES2718300T3 (es) 2019-07-01

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