EP2458310B1 - Method for operating a fridge and/or freezer and fridge and/or freezer - Google Patents

Method for operating a fridge and/or freezer and fridge and/or freezer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2458310B1
EP2458310B1 EP11009295.4A EP11009295A EP2458310B1 EP 2458310 B1 EP2458310 B1 EP 2458310B1 EP 11009295 A EP11009295 A EP 11009295A EP 2458310 B1 EP2458310 B1 EP 2458310B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigeration unit
refrigeration
energy
power level
unit
Prior art date
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EP11009295.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2458310A2 (en
EP2458310A3 (en
Inventor
Thomas Ertel
Herbert Gerner
Erwin Locher
Michael Schick
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Liebherr Hausgeraete Ochsenhausen GmbH
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Liebherr Hausgeraete Ochsenhausen GmbH
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Publication of EP2458310A3 publication Critical patent/EP2458310A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0252—Compressor control by controlling speed with two speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
    • F25D2400/30—Quick freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a refrigerator and / or freezer.
  • the invention further relates to a refrigerator and / or freezer.
  • Refrigeration units for refrigerators and / or freezers such as speed-controlled compressors, which can be operated with different capacities as required. Very good energy efficiency can be achieved at a moderate power level. At the same time, by increasing the capacity, there is the possibility of calling up a higher cooling capacity with a somewhat lower efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the energy efficiency of a refrigerator and / or freezer.
  • a method for operating a refrigerator and / or freezer with at least one refrigeration unit is provided, the refrigeration unit being selectively operable or operated at one of at least two different power levels.
  • the method is characterized in that the duration of a running time and / or a standing time of the refrigeration unit is changed depending on a characteristic of the energy with which the refrigeration unit is operated.
  • the choice between different power levels of the refrigeration unit can be used when connecting the refrigerator and / or freezer to an intelligent power grid for the most efficient operation of the refrigerator and / or freezer, which can, for example, achieve cost savings or other optimizations.
  • Smart Grid Mode The operation of a refrigerator and / or freezer using a method according to the invention is also referred to hereinafter as "Smart Grid Mode".
  • switch-on condition or “switch-off condition” used in the following stand for threshold values of a device-specific measured variable, such as, for example, the temperature of the cooled interior or the evaporator temperature. If the switch-on condition is met, the refrigeration unit can be switched on or an operating cycle or an operating mode of the refrigeration unit can be started. If the switch-off condition is met, the refrigeration unit can switched off or an operating cycle or an operating mode of the refrigeration unit are ended.
  • operating cycle used in the following stands for the operation of the refrigeration unit between the existence of a switch-on condition and the subsequent achievement of a switch-off condition. It can correspond to the total running time of the compressor or the running time of the compressor between two standing times.
  • the cooling unit is operated with an input power stage when a switch-on condition is present. If necessary, the refrigeration unit will be activated after the switch-on condition after its idle time.
  • the refrigeration unit is operated with a subsequent power level within a time interval if a switch-off condition is not reached.
  • the transition to a subsequent power level takes place within an operating cycle of the refrigeration unit and may be due to the fact that the switch-off condition is not reached or is reached prematurely within the time interval.
  • the subsequent performance level can be higher or lower, i.e. correspond to a higher or lower cooling capacity.
  • the refrigeration unit can optionally be operated on one of at least three, four or n different power levels, where n is an integer 2 2.
  • n is an integer 2 2.
  • the term “power level” is not to be understood as restricting the fact that discrete levels have to be set, but also encompasses a continuous range of services.
  • the characteristic of energy is preferably obtained from an intelligent power grid. Suitable characteristics include the (current) electricity tariff or price, the (current) network utilization, the CO 2 balance of the electricity supplied, the environmental balance of the electricity supplied, the availability of locally stored electricity, the filling level of storage facilities, the Power source, whether it is electricity generated in your own household, and the like.
  • the duration of a running time until the cooling unit is switched from one power level to a higher or lower power level is changed, preferably lengthened or shortened, depending on the characteristic of the energy.
  • the duration of a running time until the cooling unit is switched off is changed, preferably lengthened or shortened, depending on the characteristic of the energy.
  • the duration of a standing time until the cooling unit is switched on is changed, preferably lengthened or shortened, depending on the characteristic of the energy.
  • the duration of the runtime and / or standing time is extended or shortened by adding or subtracting a fixed or changeable time.
  • the shortening or extension of the running time and standing time is preferably between approximately -60 minutes and approximately +720 minutes, and further preferably between approximately -40 minutes and approximately +240 minutes.
  • the added time or the allowed time window for an extension and / or shortening of the running time and / or standing time can be different for each switch from one power level to a higher or lower power level or depending on the current power and may be specified in the parameter set of the device.
  • a status bit is set depending on the energy signal.
  • the duration of a running time and / or a standing time of the cooling unit can be changed depending on the status bit.
  • a status bit has the value 0 or 1, for example.
  • the status bit can be set to 0 or 1 in response to a low or high electricity tariff.
  • the performance can be kept low for a disadvantageous characteristic, such as, for example, a high electricity tariff, or reduced prematurely.
  • a disadvantageous characteristic such as, for example, a high electricity tariff
  • the performance can be kept high for a longer time or increased prematurely.
  • a power level has a better efficiency and a lower absolute cooling power compared to a higher power level.
  • a higher power level can have both a higher cooling capacity and a higher power consumption. When the output increases, the power consumption can increase more than the cooling output or disproportionately to the cooling output.
  • the efficiency is defined as the cooling capacity achieved per required energy unit.
  • the benefits derived from a good characteristic for example the cost savings, at least compensate for and preferably overcompensate for the additional consumption of the device per refrigeration unit produced with a higher output of the refrigeration unit.
  • the performance of the refrigeration unit can be changed continuously.
  • the duration of a running time until the cooling unit is switched from one power level to a higher or lower power level can correspond in this embodiment to a delay in the increase or decrease in power at a specific power threshold or to staying in a specific power range.
  • the change in the duration of a term and / or a standing time of the refrigeration unit can correspond to the introduction or deletion or lengthening or shortening of such a delay or dwell time.
  • the performance of the refrigeration unit can be changed in stages.
  • the dependence of the duration of the running time and / or the standing time on the characteristic of the energy can be activated and / or deactivated.
  • the connection or disconnection can take place automatically and / or manually, and during or outside an operating cycle.
  • the refrigerator and / or freezer should always be able to provide the cooling capacity required by the user by entering commands or by his behavior.
  • a device-specific measured value such as the inside temperature of a refrigerator or freezer and / or a calculated value determined from the measured value or values deviates from a specified value such as a temperature selected by the customer or lies outside a tolerance range
  • the smart grid mode is preferably automatically deactivated and a conventional power control of the device can be used. If the deviation no longer exists, the smart grid mode can preferably be reactivated automatically.
  • the smart grid mode can be deactivated automatically, for example, when the device electronics recognize that the cooling specifications cannot be achieved by operating in the smart grid mode.
  • the implementation of an early detection for the deviation from a preset value and the early change to the power control without smart grid mode can also be provided in a method according to the invention.
  • a limit power level that does not correspond to the highest or lowest possible power level of the refrigeration unit can be specified for the operation of the refrigeration unit.
  • an upper limit power level for example, a high noise level and / or a poor efficiency of the device can be avoided.
  • a limit power level can be set so that when the cooling unit is operating below this limit, the efficiency of the cooling unit is sufficient and cooling capacities above this limit value are associated with a lower efficiency. If necessary, this limitation is only applied if there is no refrigeration-related reason, such as insufficient cooling despite operation over a time interval at the limit power level.
  • the switch from the second highest to the highest power level can be delayed.
  • the increase and / or decrease in output can be delayed as soon as the output reaches a certain threshold.
  • Suitable threshold values include, for example, approximately 20% of the maximum power as the lower limit power level and approximately 70% of the maximum power as the upper limit power level.
  • a switch-on condition and / or a switch-off condition can also be changed as a function of the characteristic of the energy, in particular reduced and / or increased by adding offset values.
  • This offers an additional possibility of dynamically controlling the power consumption.
  • the switch-on temperature can be reduced at a low electricity tariff, so that the compressor can be switched on again quickly.
  • a change in a switch-on condition and / or switch-off condition can be reversed if, in order to achieve this changed switch-on condition and / or switch-off condition, the refrigeration unit is to be operated beyond a limit power level.
  • the switch-on condition and / or the switch-off condition can be reset to the original status or the series status.
  • runtimes and / or standing times and / or status bits and / or switch-on conditions and / or switch-off conditions are determined outside the device, for example in an external control unit, and are then sent to the device electronics.
  • the invention further relates to a refrigerator and / or freezer according to claim 12.
  • a refrigerator and / or freezer with at least one refrigeration unit and at least one internal or external control and / or regulating unit.
  • the control and / or regulating unit and the refrigeration unit are connected or connectable to one another in such a way that the refrigeration unit can be controlled or controlled by the control and / or regulating unit.
  • the cooling unit should optionally be able to be operated or operated at one of at least two different power levels.
  • the refrigerator and / or freezer is characterized in that a control algorithm is stored on the control and / or regulating unit, which specifies a method according to the invention for the operation of the refrigeration unit.
  • the control algorithm can define power levels and / or running times and / or standing times and / or switch-on conditions and / or switch-off conditions for the operation of the refrigeration unit.
  • a change in these variables can be implemented by changing the control algorithm.
  • a status bit can also be set in response to an external energy signal in the control and / or regulating unit.
  • control and / or regulating unit can be part of the device electronics.
  • control and / or regulating unit can represent an external extension of the device.
  • An external control and / or regulating unit can be connected to the device electronics via a wireless and / or wired data line or via a communication module.
  • control unit has a wireless and / or wired data interface or a communication module.
  • An energy signal and / or a status bit can be obtained from a server or the like via this data interface and / or the control and / or regulating unit can be connected to a smart grid via this data interface.
  • Suitable wired data interfaces include, for example, PLC, EIB, KNX, EEBus and the like.
  • Suitable wireless data interfaces include, for example, WLAN, WiFi, Powerline, Bluetooth, Bus, GSM, ZigBee and the like.
  • the refrigeration unit comprises a compressor that can be operated at different speeds, such as, for example, a speed-controlled compressor.
  • the compressor can be part of a conventional refrigerant circuit for refrigerators and / or freezers, which has an evaporator, a condenser and a throttle.
  • the refrigerator and / or freezer according to the invention can thus be designed with such a refrigerant circuit.
  • the different performance levels of the refrigeration unit can differ due to different compressor speeds.
  • Suitable compressors include conventional compressors with reciprocating pistons or linear compressors.
  • the invention is not limited to speed-controlled compressors.
  • refrigeration units with magnetic or thermoacoustic coolers or possible future technologies are also included.
  • device-specific measured values such as the temperature in the interior of the device, are monitored with one or more temperature sensors.
  • the refrigerator and / or freezer according to the invention is a household appliance or else a commercial appliance.
  • a household cooling device has an internal temperature sensor, a speed-controlled compressor and a control unit.
  • the control unit is connected to both the inside temperature sensor and the compressor.
  • the control unit has a wireless interface, via which energy characteristics can be received from the smart grid.
  • the compressor At a low compressor speed, the compressor has good energy efficiency and low noise emissions.
  • the speed-controlled compressor can operate at four defined power levels operate. Of course, this is an example that does not limit the invention.
  • Two operating modes are available for the cooling unit: operation without Smart Grid mode and operation in Smart Grid mode.
  • the user can manually choose between the two modes.
  • the device can automatically switch between the two modes if the cooling specifications cannot be met in Smart Grid mode.
  • the compressor is controlled by the control unit according to a defined scheme, which is described in Figure 1 using a P (t) and a T (t) diagram:
  • the desired interior temperature window of the refrigerator is between T E (the switch-on temperature or condition) and T A (the switch-off temperature or condition).
  • the inside temperature is monitored with the help of a temperature sensor.
  • T E the switch-on temperature or condition
  • T A the switch-off temperature or condition
  • the inside temperature is monitored with the help of a temperature sensor.
  • the compressor is idle, the internal temperature rises due to the heat input into the refrigerator.
  • the compressor is started up with an input power stage.
  • the compressor is initially operated at a low power level with power L 1 .
  • the time t 0 is also referred to as the switch-on time.
  • a certain time interval ⁇ t (1 ⁇ 2) is provided in the algorithm for the operation of the compressor at the power level L 1 .
  • the compressor is switched off and the operating cycle of the compressor ends.
  • the switch-off condition here corresponds to the lower limit and the switch-on condition to the upper limit for the internal temperature of the refrigerator compartment.
  • the switch-off condition In practice, however, a higher temperature and the switch-on condition can be a lower temperature in order to take into account a possibly delayed response behavior.
  • the cooling space heats up during the standing time ⁇ t S of the compressor by the introduction of heat until the starting condition T E is reached again before a new (subsequent) operating cycle begins at the switch-on time t 0 '.
  • the input power level of the subsequent operating cycle corresponds to the last (final) power level of the previous operating cycle. In the example shown, this would correspond to performance level L 3 .
  • the power level (input power level of the subsequent operating cycle) is reduced (as in Figure 1 shown) if the time required to reach the switch-off condition during operation with the final power level L 3 falls below a certain duration.
  • This duration can be read off in the figure as the difference between the point in time t x and the point in time t 2 .
  • the switch-off time t 3 lies before the condition time t x , so that the input power level of the subsequent operating cycle is reduced compared to the final power level of the previous operating cycle, in the illustrated case from L 3 to L 2 .
  • the compressor When the super freeze function is activated, the compressor can be operated at the highest speed immediately.
  • the speed-controlled compressor is controlled dynamically and changeably by the control unit in order to enable more efficient operation in the Smart Grid.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show examples of the P (t) diagram Figure 1 after modification according to a current characteristic in smart grid mode.
  • control unit obtains a current characteristic via the wireless interface and outputs a status bit 0 or 1 on the basis of the energy signal.
  • Figure 2 shows the P (t) diagram Figure 1 , which was modified in Smart Grid mode according to a status bit that corresponds to a favorable energy characteristic such as a favorable electricity price.
  • the original P (t) course from Figure 1 is shown with a solid line.
  • the modified P (t) curve according to Smart Grid mode is shown with a dotted line.
  • the first time interval ⁇ t (1 ⁇ 2) is shortened and the compressor is operated at an earlier time with a higher power level L 2 .
  • the internal temperature of the refrigerator and / or freezer drops faster than during operation according to Figure 1 .
  • the higher power level is selected in spite of the poorer energy efficiency, since the system in Smart Grid mode achieves as much cooling capacity as possible using cheap energy.
  • the first time interval ⁇ t (1 ⁇ 2) can optionally also be shortened to 0, which would have the consequence that the compressor would be operated at the second power level L 2 .
  • the cooling cycle is in Figure 2 completed just after time t 1 , so that the available cheap. Energy was used optimally.
  • Figure 3 shows the P (t) diagram Figure 1 , which was modified in Smart Grid mode according to a status bit that corresponds to an unfavorable energy characteristic such as an expensive electricity price.
  • the original P (t) course from Figure 1 is shown with a solid line.
  • the modified P (t) curve according to Smart Grid mode is shown with a dotted line.
  • the first time interval ⁇ t (1 ⁇ 2) is extended and the compressor is only operated at a higher power level L 2 at a later point in time.
  • the internal temperature of the refrigerator and / or freezer drops more slowly than during operation Figure 1
  • the device works with better energy efficiency.
  • the lack of cooling capacity compared to the operation according to Figure 1 may be provided at a later date using cheap electricity.
  • Cooling takes longer than when operating in accordance with Figure 1 , However, the energy consumption for achieving the same cooling capacity is lower due to the better energy efficiency.
  • the third performance level L 3 is not used here.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerätes. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät.The invention relates to a method for operating a refrigerator and / or freezer. The invention further relates to a refrigerator and / or freezer.

In der jüngeren Vergangenheit hat sich bei der Stromversorgung durch die Verschiebung zur dezentralen Versorgung und die gesteigerten technischen Möglichkeiten eine kommunikative Vernetzung zwischen verschiedenen Stromnetzteilnehmern (Erzeuger, Verbraucher, etc.) etabliert. Diese Art von kommunikativer Vernetzung wird als "Intelligentes Stromnetz" oder auch "Smart Grid" bezeichnet. Eine Eigenschaft des intelligenten Stromnetzes ist, dass ein Verbraucher Charakteristika des gelieferten Stroms wie beispielsweise den Strompreis oder die CO2-Bilanz, die Art der Stromgewinnung und dergleichen in bestimmten Grenzen auswählen kann.In the recent past, the shift to decentralized supply and the increased technical possibilities have established a communicative network between different electricity network participants (producers, consumers, etc.). This type of communicative networking is referred to as an "intelligent power grid" or "smart grid". A property of the intelligent power grid is that a consumer can select characteristics of the electricity supplied, such as the electricity price or the CO 2 balance, the type of electricity generation and the like, within certain limits.

Im Stand der Technik ( WO2010/031012A1 , DE19750053A1 , DE19627096A1 ) sind Kälteaggregate für Kühl- und/oder Gefriergeräte, wie beispielsweise drehzahlgeregelte Kompressoren bekannt, die je nach Bedarf mit unterschiedlicher Leistung betrieben werden können. Auf einer moderaten Leistungsstufe kann eine sehr gute Energieeffizienz erreicht werden. Gleichzeitig besteht durch eine Erhöhung der Leistung die Möglichkeit, eine größere Kälteleistung bei einer etwas niedrigeren Effizienz abzurufen.In the state of the art ( WO2010 / 031012A1 . DE19750053A1 . DE19627096A1 ) Refrigeration units for refrigerators and / or freezers, such as speed-controlled compressors, are known, which can be operated with different capacities as required. Very good energy efficiency can be achieved at a moderate power level. At the same time, by increasing the capacity, there is the possibility of calling up a higher cooling capacity with a somewhat lower efficiency.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die Energieeffizienz eines Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerätes zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is to improve the energy efficiency of a refrigerator and / or freezer.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved with a method according to claim 1. Advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.

Demnach ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerätes mit wenigstens einem Kälteaggregat vorgesehen, wobei das Kälteaggregat wahlweise auf einer von wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen Leistungsstufen betreibbar ist beziehungsweise betrieben wird. Erfindungsgemäß ist das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dauer einer Laufzeit und/oder einer Stehzeit des Kälteaggregates in Abhängigkeit eines Charakteristikums der Energie verändert wird, mit der das Kälteaggregat betrieben wird.Accordingly, a method for operating a refrigerator and / or freezer with at least one refrigeration unit is provided, the refrigeration unit being selectively operable or operated at one of at least two different power levels. According to the invention, the method is characterized in that the duration of a running time and / or a standing time of the refrigeration unit is changed depending on a characteristic of the energy with which the refrigeration unit is operated.

So kann die Wahlmöglichkeit zwischen verschiedenen Leistungsstufen des Kälteaggregates bei Anschluss des Kühl- und/oder Gefriergeräts an ein intelligentes Stromnetz für einen möglichst effizienten Betrieb des Kühl- und/oder Gefriergeräts genützt werden, wodurch beispielsweise eine Kosteneinsparung erreicht werden kann oder sonstige Optimierungen möglich sind.So the choice between different power levels of the refrigeration unit can be used when connecting the refrigerator and / or freezer to an intelligent power grid for the most efficient operation of the refrigerator and / or freezer, which can, for example, achieve cost savings or other optimizations.

Der Betrieb eines Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerätes unter Verwendung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird in weiterer Folge auch als Betrieb im "Smart Grid Modus" bezeichnet.The operation of a refrigerator and / or freezer using a method according to the invention is also referred to hereinafter as "Smart Grid Mode".

Die im folgenden verwendeten Begriff einer "Einschaltbedingung" oder einer "Ausschaltbedingung" stehen für Schwellenwerte einer gerätespezifischen Messgröße wie beispielsweise der Temperatur des gekühlten Innenraums oder der Verdampfertemperatur. Bei Vorliegen der Einschaltbedingung kann das Kälteaggregat eingeschaltet beziehungsweise ein Betriebszyklus oder eine Betriebsart des Kälteaggregates gestartet werden. Bei Vorliegen der Ausschaltbedingung kann das Kälteaggregat ausgeschaltet beziehungsweise ein Betriebszyklus oder eine Betriebsart des Kälteaggregates beendet werden.The terms “switch-on condition” or “switch-off condition” used in the following stand for threshold values of a device-specific measured variable, such as, for example, the temperature of the cooled interior or the evaporator temperature. If the switch-on condition is met, the refrigeration unit can be switched on or an operating cycle or an operating mode of the refrigeration unit can be started. If the switch-off condition is met, the refrigeration unit can switched off or an operating cycle or an operating mode of the refrigeration unit are ended.

Der im folgenden verwendete Begriff eines "Betriebszyklus" steht für den Betrieb des Kälteaggregates zwischen dem Vorliegen einer Einschaltbedingung und dem nachgelagerten Erreichen einer Ausschaltbedingung. Er kann der Gesamtlaufzeit des Kompressors beziehungsweise der Laufzeit des Kompressors zwischen zwei Stehzeiten entsprechen.The term “operating cycle” used in the following stands for the operation of the refrigeration unit between the existence of a switch-on condition and the subsequent achievement of a switch-off condition. It can correspond to the total running time of the compressor or the running time of the compressor between two standing times.

In einer Ausführungsform wird das Kälteaggregat bei Vorliegen einer Einschaltbedingung mit einer Eingangsleistungsstufe betrieben. Gegebenenfalls wird das Kälteaggregat bei Vorliegen der Einschaltbedingung nach dessen Stehzeit aktiviert.In one embodiment, the cooling unit is operated with an input power stage when a switch-on condition is present. If necessary, the refrigeration unit will be activated after the switch-on condition after its idle time.

In einer Ausführungsform wird das Kälteaggregat bei Nichterreichen einer Ausschaltbedingung innerhalb eines Zeitintervalls mit einer Folgeleistungsstufe betrieben. Der Übergang auf eine Folgeleistungsstufe erfolgt innerhalb eines Betriebszyklus des Kälteaggregats und kann dadurch bedingt sein, dass die Ausschaltbedingung innerhalb des Zeitintervalls nicht oder vorzeitig erreicht wird. Die Folgeleistungsstufe kann höher oder niedriger sein, d.h. mit einer höheren oder niedrigeren Kühlleistung korrespondieren.In one embodiment, the refrigeration unit is operated with a subsequent power level within a time interval if a switch-off condition is not reached. The transition to a subsequent power level takes place within an operating cycle of the refrigeration unit and may be due to the fact that the switch-off condition is not reached or is reached prematurely within the time interval. The subsequent performance level can be higher or lower, i.e. correspond to a higher or lower cooling capacity.

In einer Ausführungsform ist das Kälteaggregat wahlweise auf einer von wenigstens drei, vier oder n unterschiedlichen Leistungsstufen betreibbar, wobei n eine ganze Zahl ≥ 2 ist. Der Begriff "Leistungsstufe" ist nicht dahingehend einschränkend zu verstehen, dass diskrete Stufen eingestellt werden müssen, sondern umfasst auch ein kontinuierliches Leistungsspektrum.In one embodiment, the refrigeration unit can optionally be operated on one of at least three, four or n different power levels, where n is an integer 2 2. The term “power level” is not to be understood as restricting the fact that discrete levels have to be set, but also encompasses a continuous range of services.

Das Charakteristikum der Energie wird vorzugsweise aus einem intelligenten Stromnetz bezogen. Geeignete Charakteristika umfassen den (momentanen) Stromtarif beziehungsweise Strompreis, die (momentane) Netzauslastung, die CO2-Bilanz des gelieferten Stroms, die Umweltbilanz des gelieferten Stroms, die Verfügbarkeit von lokal gespeichertem Strom, den Füllungsgrad von Speichern, die Stromquelle, ob es sich um im eigenen Haushalt erzeugten Strom handelt, und dergleichen.The characteristic of energy is preferably obtained from an intelligent power grid. Suitable characteristics include the (current) electricity tariff or price, the (current) network utilization, the CO 2 balance of the electricity supplied, the environmental balance of the electricity supplied, the availability of locally stored electricity, the filling level of storage facilities, the Power source, whether it is electricity generated in your own household, and the like.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Dauer einer Laufzeit bis zum Umschalten des Kälteaggregates von einer Leistungsstufe auf eine höhere oder niedrigere Leistungsstufe in Abhängigkeit des Charakteristikums der Energie verändert, vorzugsweise verlängert oder verkürzt.According to the invention, the duration of a running time until the cooling unit is switched from one power level to a higher or lower power level is changed, preferably lengthened or shortened, depending on the characteristic of the energy.

In einer Ausführungsform wird die Dauer einer Laufzeit bis zum Ausschalten des Kälteaggregates in Abhängigkeit des Charakteristikums der Energie verändert, vorzugsweise verlängert oder verkürzt.In one embodiment, the duration of a running time until the cooling unit is switched off is changed, preferably lengthened or shortened, depending on the characteristic of the energy.

In einer Ausführungsform wird die Dauer einer Stehzeit bis zum Anschalten des Kälteaggregates in Abhängigkeit des Charakteristikums der Energie verändert, vorzugsweise verlängert oder verkürzt.In one embodiment, the duration of a standing time until the cooling unit is switched on is changed, preferably lengthened or shortened, depending on the characteristic of the energy.

Diese Veränderungen bewirken eine dynamische Verschiebung von Laufzeiten und/oder Stehzeiten des Kälteaggregats in Abhängigkeit eines vorzugsweise von externer Quelle bezogenen Charakteristikums der Energie. Die Veränderungen der Laufzeiten und/oder Stehzeiten können unabhängig vom Erreichen einer Einschaltbedingung und/oder einer Ausschaltbedingung erfolgen.These changes cause a dynamic shift in the running times and / or standing times of the refrigeration unit as a function of a characteristic of the energy which is preferably related to an external source. The changes in the running times and / or standing times can take place independently of the reaching of a switch-on condition and / or a switch-off condition.

In einer Ausführungsform wird die Dauer der Laufzeit und/oder Stehzeit durch Addition oder Subtraktion einer fest vorgegebenen oder veränderbaren Zeit verlängert oder verkürzt. Die Verkürzug oder Verlängerung der Laufzeit und Stehzeit liegt vorzugsweise zwischen etwa -60 Minuten und etwa +720 Minuten, und weiter vorzugsweise zwischen etwa -40 Minuten und etwa +240 Minuten. Die addierte Zeit beziehungsweise das erlaubte Zeitfenster für eine Verlängerung und/oder Verkürzung der Laufzeit und/oder Stehzeit kann für jedes Umschalten von einer Leistungsstufe in eine höhere oder niedrigere Leistungsstufe beziehungsweise in Abhängigkeit der aktuellen Leistung unterschiedlich sein und gegebenenfalls im Parametersatz des Gerätes festgelegt sein.In one embodiment, the duration of the runtime and / or standing time is extended or shortened by adding or subtracting a fixed or changeable time. The shortening or extension of the running time and standing time is preferably between approximately -60 minutes and approximately +720 minutes, and further preferably between approximately -40 minutes and approximately +240 minutes. The added time or the allowed time window for an extension and / or shortening of the running time and / or standing time can be different for each switch from one power level to a higher or lower power level or depending on the current power and may be specified in the parameter set of the device.

In einer Ausführungsform wird in Abhängigkeit des Energiesignals ein Statusbit gesetzt. Die Dauer einer Laufzeit und/oder einer Stehzeit des Kälteaggregates kann in Abhängigkeit des Statusbits verändert werden. Ein Statusbit erhält beispielsweise den Wert 0 oder 1. Beispielsweise kann in Reaktion auf einen niedrigen oder hohen Stromtarif das Statusbit auf 0 oder 1 gesetzt werden.In one embodiment, a status bit is set depending on the energy signal. The duration of a running time and / or a standing time of the cooling unit can be changed depending on the status bit. A status bit has the value 0 or 1, for example. For example, the status bit can be set to 0 or 1 in response to a low or high electricity tariff.

In einer Ausführungsform kann die Leistung bei einem nachteiligen Charakteristikum, wie beispielsweise einem hohen Stromtarif, länger niedrig gehalten werden oder vorzeitig erniedrigt werden. In einer Ausführungsform kann die Leistung bei einem positiven Charakteristikum, wie beispielsweise einem niedrigen Stromtarif länger hoch gehalten werden oder vorzeitig erhöht werden.In one embodiment, the performance can be kept low for a disadvantageous characteristic, such as, for example, a high electricity tariff, or reduced prematurely. In one embodiment, with a positive characteristic, such as a low electricity tariff, the performance can be kept high for a longer time or increased prematurely.

In einer Ausführungsform weist eine Leistungsstufe im Vergleich zu einer höheren Leistungsstufe einen besseren Wirkungsgrad und eine geringere absolute Kühlleistung auf. Eine höhere Leistungsstufe kann sowohl eine höhere Kühlleistung als auch einen höheren Stromverbrauch haben. Der Stromverbrauch kann bei einer Leistungserhöhung stärker als die Kühlleistung beziehungsweise überproportional zur Kühlleistung ansteigen. Der Wirkungsgrad ist als erzielte Kühlleistung pro benötigter Energieeinheit definiert.In one embodiment, a power level has a better efficiency and a lower absolute cooling power compared to a higher power level. A higher power level can have both a higher cooling capacity and a higher power consumption. When the output increases, the power consumption can increase more than the cooling output or disproportionately to the cooling output. The efficiency is defined as the cooling capacity achieved per required energy unit.

Es ist vorteilhaft, dass der durch ein gutes Charakteristikum gezogene Nutzen, beispielsweise die Kosteneinsparung, den Mehrverbrauch des Gerätes pro erzeugter Kälteeinheit bei einer höheren Leistung des Kälteaggregats wenigstens kompensiert und vorzugsweise überkompensiert.It is advantageous that the benefits derived from a good characteristic, for example the cost savings, at least compensate for and preferably overcompensate for the additional consumption of the device per refrigeration unit produced with a higher output of the refrigeration unit.

In einer Ausführungsform kann die Leistung des Kälteaggregates kontinuierlich verändert werden. Die Dauer einer Laufzeit bis zum Umschalten des Kälteaggregates von einer Leistungsstufe auf einer höhere oder niedrigere Leistungsstufe kann in dieser Ausführungsform einer Verzögerung des Leistungsanstiegs oder -abfalls an einer konkreten Leistungsschwelle oder einem Verweilen in einem bestimmten Leistungsbereich entsprechen. Die Veränderung der Dauer einer Laufzeit und/oder einer Stehzeit des Kälteaggregates kann dem Einführen oder Streichen oder Verlängern oder Verkürzen einer solchen Verzögerungs- oder Verweilzeit entsprechen.In one embodiment, the performance of the refrigeration unit can be changed continuously. The duration of a running time until the cooling unit is switched from one power level to a higher or lower power level can correspond in this embodiment to a delay in the increase or decrease in power at a specific power threshold or to staying in a specific power range. The change in the duration of a term and / or a standing time of the refrigeration unit can correspond to the introduction or deletion or lengthening or shortening of such a delay or dwell time.

In einer Ausführungsform kann die Leistung des Kälteaggregates stufenweise verändert werden.In one embodiment, the performance of the refrigeration unit can be changed in stages.

In einer Ausführungsform ist die Abhängigkeit der Dauer der Laufzeit und/oder der Stehzeit vom Charakteristikum der Energie zuschaltbar und/oder abschaltbar. Das Zuschalten beziehungsweise Abschalten kann automatisch und/oder manuell, und während oder außerhalb eines Betriebszyklus erfolgen.In one embodiment, the dependence of the duration of the running time and / or the standing time on the characteristic of the energy can be activated and / or deactivated. The connection or disconnection can take place automatically and / or manually, and during or outside an operating cycle.

Das Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät sollte jederzeit in der Lage sein, die vom Nutzer durch Eingabe von Befehlen oder durch sein Verhalten verlangte Kälteleistung zu erbringen. Sobald ein gerätespezifischer Messwert wie beispielsweise die Innentemperatur eines Kühl- oder Gefrierraumes und/oder ein aus dem oder den Messwerten ermittelter Rechenwert von einem Vorgabewert wie beispielsweise einer vom Kunden gewählten Temperatur abweicht, beziehungsweise außerhalb eines Toleranzbereichs liegt, wird der Smart Grid Modus vorzugsweise automatisch deaktiviert und es kann eine herkömmliche Leistungsregelung des Gerätes zur Anwendung kommen. Wenn die Abweichung nicht mehr gegeben ist, kann der Smart Grid Modus vorzugsweise automatisch wieder aktiviert werden. Eine automatische Deaktivierung des Smart Grid Modus kann beispielsweise erfolgen, wenn die Geräteelektronik erkennt dass die Kühlvorgaben mit dem Betrieb im Smart Grid Modus nicht erreicht werden können. Auch die Implementierung einer Früherkennung für die Abweichung von einem Vorgabewert und der frühzeitige Wechsel in die Leistungsregelung ohne Smart Grid Modus kann in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorgesehen sein.The refrigerator and / or freezer should always be able to provide the cooling capacity required by the user by entering commands or by his behavior. As soon as a device-specific measured value such as the inside temperature of a refrigerator or freezer and / or a calculated value determined from the measured value or values deviates from a specified value such as a temperature selected by the customer or lies outside a tolerance range, the smart grid mode is preferably automatically deactivated and a conventional power control of the device can be used. If the deviation no longer exists, the smart grid mode can preferably be reactivated automatically. The smart grid mode can be deactivated automatically, for example, when the device electronics recognize that the cooling specifications cannot be achieved by operating in the smart grid mode. The implementation of an early detection for the deviation from a preset value and the early change to the power control without smart grid mode can also be provided in a method according to the invention.

In einer Ausführungsform kann für den Betrieb des Kälteaggregats eine Grenzleistungsstufe festgelegt werden, die nicht der höchsten oder niedrigsten möglichen Leistungsstufe des Kälteaggregats entspricht. Durch die Definition einer oberen Grenzleistungsstufe können beispielsweise ein hoher Geräuschpegel und/oder eine schlechte Effizienz des Gerätes vermieden werden. Beispielsweise kann eine Grenzleistungsstufe so festgelegt werden, dass beim Betrieb des Kälteaggregats unterhalb dieser Grenze die Effizienz des Kälteaggregats ausreichend ist und Kälteleistungen oberhalb dieses Grenzwertes mit einer niedrigeren Effizienz verbunden sind. Gegebenenfalls wird diese Beschränkung nur dann angewandt wenn ihr kein kältetechnischer Anlass entgegensteht, wie beispielsweise keine ausreichende Kühlung trotz Betrieb über ein Zeitintervall auf der Grenzleistungsstufe.In one embodiment, a limit power level that does not correspond to the highest or lowest possible power level of the refrigeration unit can be specified for the operation of the refrigeration unit. By defining an upper limit power level, for example, a high noise level and / or a poor efficiency of the device can be avoided. For example, a limit power level can be set so that when the cooling unit is operating below this limit, the efficiency of the cooling unit is sufficient and cooling capacities above this limit value are associated with a lower efficiency. If necessary, this limitation is only applied if there is no refrigeration-related reason, such as insufficient cooling despite operation over a time interval at the limit power level.

In einer Ausführungsform kann das Umschalten von der zweithöchsten in die höchste Leistungsstufe verzögert werden. Unter Verwendung von Kälteaggregaten mit kontinuierlicher Leistungsregelung kann die Leistungszunahme und/oder -abnahme verzögert werden, sobald die Leistung eine bestimmte Schwelle erreicht. Geeignete Schwellenwerte umfassen beispielsweise etwa 20% der Maximalleistung als untere Grenzleistungsstufe und etwa 70% der Maximalleistung als obere Grenzleistungsstufe.In one embodiment, the switch from the second highest to the highest power level can be delayed. Using refrigeration units with continuous output control, the increase and / or decrease in output can be delayed as soon as the output reaches a certain threshold. Suitable threshold values include, for example, approximately 20% of the maximum power as the lower limit power level and approximately 70% of the maximum power as the upper limit power level.

In einer Ausführungsform können mehrere Grenzleistungsstufen und/oder Schwellenwerte vorgesehen sein.In one embodiment, several limit power levels and / or threshold values can be provided.

In einer Ausführungsform kann ferner eine Einschaltbedingung und/oder eine Ausschaltbedingung in Abhängigkeit des Charakteristikums der Energie verändert werden, insbesondere durch Addition von Offsetwerten erniedrigt und/oder erhöht werden. Dies bietet eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit der dynamischen Steuerung der Leistungsaufnahme. Beispielsweise kann die Einschalttemperatur bei einem günstigen Stromtarif herabgesetzt werden, sodass ein schnelles Wiedereinschalten des Kompressors erzielt wird.In one embodiment, a switch-on condition and / or a switch-off condition can also be changed as a function of the characteristic of the energy, in particular reduced and / or increased by adding offset values. This offers an additional possibility of dynamically controlling the power consumption. For example, the switch-on temperature can be reduced at a low electricity tariff, so that the compressor can be switched on again quickly.

In einer Ausführungsform kann eine Veränderung einer Einschaltbedingung und/oder Ausschaltbedingung rückgängig gemacht werden, wenn für das Erreichen dieser veränderten Einschaltbedingung und/oder Ausschaltbedingung der Betrieb des Kälteaggregates jenseits einer Grenzleistungsstufe ansteht. Die Einschaltbedingung und/oder Ausschaltbedingung können auf den ursprünglichen Stand beziehungsweise den Serienstand zurückgesetzt werden.In one embodiment, a change in a switch-on condition and / or switch-off condition can be reversed if, in order to achieve this changed switch-on condition and / or switch-off condition, the refrigeration unit is to be operated beyond a limit power level. The switch-on condition and / or the switch-off condition can be reset to the original status or the series status.

In einer Ausführungsform werden Laufzeiten und/oder Stehzeiten und/oder Statusbits und/oder Einschaltbedingungen und/oder Ausschaltbedingungen geräteextern, beispielsweise in einer externen Steuereinheit, bestimmt und werden anschließend an die Geräteelektronik gesendet.In one embodiment, runtimes and / or standing times and / or status bits and / or switch-on conditions and / or switch-off conditions are determined outside the device, for example in an external control unit, and are then sent to the device electronics.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät gemäß Anspruch 12.The invention further relates to a refrigerator and / or freezer according to claim 12.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous refinements result from the subclaims.

Demnach ist ein Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät mit wenigstens einem Kälteaggregat und wenigstens einer internen oder externen Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit vorgesehen. Die Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit und das Kälteaggregat sind derart miteinander verbunden oder verbindbar, dass das Kälteaggregat durch die Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit ansteuerbar ist beziehungsweise angesteuert wird. Das Kälteaggregat soll wahlweise auf einer von wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen Leistungsstufen betreibbar sein beziehungsweise betrieben werden. Erfindungsgemäß ist das Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit ein Steueralgorithmus gespeichert ist, der für den Betrieb des Kälteaggregates ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren vorgibt.Accordingly, a refrigerator and / or freezer with at least one refrigeration unit and at least one internal or external control and / or regulating unit is provided. The control and / or regulating unit and the refrigeration unit are connected or connectable to one another in such a way that the refrigeration unit can be controlled or controlled by the control and / or regulating unit. The cooling unit should optionally be able to be operated or operated at one of at least two different power levels. According to the invention, the refrigerator and / or freezer is characterized in that a control algorithm is stored on the control and / or regulating unit, which specifies a method according to the invention for the operation of the refrigeration unit.

Der Steueralgorithmus kann Leistungsstufen und/oder Laufzeiten und/oder Stehzeiten und/oder Einschaltbedingungen und/oder Ausschaltbedingungen für den Betrieb des Kälteaggregates definieren. Über eine Veränderung am Steueralgorithmus kann eine Veränderung dieser Größen umgesetzt werden. In der Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit kann ferner ein Statusbit auf Reaktion zu einem externen Energiesignal gesetzt werden.The control algorithm can define power levels and / or running times and / or standing times and / or switch-on conditions and / or switch-off conditions for the operation of the refrigeration unit. A change in these variables can be implemented by changing the control algorithm. A status bit can also be set in response to an external energy signal in the control and / or regulating unit.

Im Fall einer internen Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit kann die Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit ein Teil der Geräteelektronik sein.In the case of an internal control and / or regulating unit, the control and / or regulating unit can be part of the device electronics.

Im Falle einer externen Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit kann die Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit eine externe Erweiterung des Gerätes darstellen. Eine externe Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit kann mit der Geräteelektronik über eine drahtlose und/oder drahtgebundene Datenleitung beziehungsweise über ein Kommunikationsmodul verbunden sein.In the case of an external control and / or regulating unit, the control and / or regulating unit can represent an external extension of the device. An external control and / or regulating unit can be connected to the device electronics via a wireless and / or wired data line or via a communication module.

In einer Ausführungsform weist die Steuereinheit eine drahtlose und/oder drahtgebundene Datenschnittstelle beziehungsweise ein Kommunikationsmodul auf. Über diese Datenschnittstelle kann ein Energiesignal und/oder ein Statusbit von einem Server oder dergleichen erhalten werden und/oder die Steuer- und/oder Regeleinheit kann über diesen Datenschnittstelle mit einem Smart Grid in Verbindung stehen.In one embodiment, the control unit has a wireless and / or wired data interface or a communication module. An energy signal and / or a status bit can be obtained from a server or the like via this data interface and / or the control and / or regulating unit can be connected to a smart grid via this data interface.

Geeignete drahtgebundene Datenschnittstellen umfassen beispielsweise PLC, EIB, KNX, EEBus und dergleichen. Geeignete drahtlose Datenschnittstellen umfassen beispielsweise WLAN, WiFi, Powerline, Bluetooth, Bus, GSM, ZigBee und dergleichen.Suitable wired data interfaces include, for example, PLC, EIB, KNX, EEBus and the like. Suitable wireless data interfaces include, for example, WLAN, WiFi, Powerline, Bluetooth, Bus, GSM, ZigBee and the like.

In einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Kälteaggregat einen mit unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen betreibbaren Kompressor, wie beispielsweise einen drehzahlgeregelten Kompressor. Der Kompressor kann Teil eines herkömmlichen Kältemittelkreislaufs für Kühl- und/oder Gefriergeräte sein, welcher einen Verdampfer, einen Verflüssiger und eine Drossel aufweist. Somit kann das erfindungsgemäße Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät mit einem solchen Kältemittelkreislauf ausgeführt sein. Die unterschiedlichen Leistungsstufen des Kälteaggregates können sich durch unterschiedliche Kompressordrehzahlen unterscheiden. Geeignete Kompressoren umfassen herkömmliche Kompressoren mit Hubkolben oder Linearkompressoren.In one embodiment, the refrigeration unit comprises a compressor that can be operated at different speeds, such as, for example, a speed-controlled compressor. The compressor can be part of a conventional refrigerant circuit for refrigerators and / or freezers, which has an evaporator, a condenser and a throttle. The refrigerator and / or freezer according to the invention can thus be designed with such a refrigerant circuit. The different performance levels of the refrigeration unit can differ due to different compressor speeds. Suitable compressors include conventional compressors with reciprocating pistons or linear compressors.

Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf drehzahlgeregelte Kompressoren beschränkt. Alternativ werden auch Kälteaggregate mit magnetischen oder thermoakustischen Kühlern oder auch mögliche zukünftige Technologien umfasst.However, the invention is not limited to speed-controlled compressors. Alternatively, refrigeration units with magnetic or thermoacoustic coolers or possible future technologies are also included.

In einer Ausführungsform werden gerätespezifische Messwerte wie beispielsweise die Temperatur im Geräteinnenraum mit einem oder mehreren Temperaturfühlern überwacht.In one embodiment, device-specific measured values, such as the temperature in the interior of the device, are monitored with one or more temperature sensors.

In einer Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät um ein Haushaltsgerät oder auch um ein Gewerbegerät.In one embodiment, the refrigerator and / or freezer according to the invention is a household appliance or else a commercial appliance.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den nachfolgend beschriebenen Figuren und Ausführungsbeispielen. In den Figuren zeigen:

Figur 1:
ein P(t) und ein T(t) Diagramm für den Betrieb eines drehzahlgeregelten Kompressors gemäß dem Stand der Technik,
Figur 2:
ein Beispiel für das P(t) Diagramm aus Figur 1 nach Modifikation im Smart Grid Modus bei günstigem Charakteristikum der Energie, und
Figur 3:
ein Beispiel für das P(t) Diagramm aus Figur 1 nach Modifikation im Smart Grid Modus bei ungünstigem Charakteristikum der Energie.
Further details and advantages of the invention result from the figures and exemplary embodiments described below. The figures show:
Figure 1:
a P (t) and a T (t) diagram for the operation of a speed-controlled compressor according to the prior art,
Figure 2:
an example of the P (t) diagram Figure 1 after modification in smart grid mode with favorable characteristics of energy, and
Figure 3:
an example of the P (t) diagram Figure 1 after modification in Smart Grid mode with unfavorable characteristics of the energy.

Ein Haushaltskühlgerät weist einen Innentemperaturfühler, einen drehzahlgeregelten Kompressor und eine Steuereinheit auf.A household cooling device has an internal temperature sensor, a speed-controlled compressor and a control unit.

Die Steuereinheit steht sowohl mit dem Innentemperaturfühler als auch mit dem Kompressor in Verbindung. Zudem weist die Steuereinheit eine drahtlose Schnittstelle auf, über die Energiecharakteristika aus dem Smart Grid empfangen werden können.The control unit is connected to both the inside temperature sensor and the compressor. In addition, the control unit has a wireless interface, via which energy characteristics can be received from the smart grid.

Bei einer niedrigen Kompressordrehzahl weist der Kompressor eine gute Energieeffizienz und eine geringe Geräuschemission auf. Durch Erhöhung der Drehzahl besteht die Möglichkeit, eine steigende absolute Kühlleistung bei sinkender Energieeffizienz abzurufen, die ggf. mit einer steigenden Geräuschemission einhergeht. Beispielsweise kann der drehzahlgeregelte Kompressor auf vier definierten Leistungsstufen betrieben werden. Dabei handelt es sich selbstverständlich um ein die Erfindung nicht beschränkendes Beispiel.At a low compressor speed, the compressor has good energy efficiency and low noise emissions. By increasing the speed, there is the possibility of calling up an increasing absolute cooling capacity with decreasing energy efficiency, which may be accompanied by an increasing noise emission. For example, the speed-controlled compressor can operate at four defined power levels operate. Of course, this is an example that does not limit the invention.

Für das Kühlgerät stehen zwei Betriebsmodi zur Verfügung: Ein Betrieb ohne Smart Grid Modus und ein Betrieb im Smart Grid Modus. Der Benutzer kann manuell zwischen den beiden Modi wählen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Gerät automatisch zwischen den beiden Modi umschalten, wenn die Kühlvorgaben im Smart Grid Modus nicht erfüllt werden können.Two operating modes are available for the cooling unit: operation without Smart Grid mode and operation in Smart Grid mode. The user can manually choose between the two modes. Alternatively or additionally, the device can automatically switch between the two modes if the cooling specifications cannot be met in Smart Grid mode.

Im Betrieb ohne Smart Grid Modus erfolgt die Ansteuerung des Kompressors von der Steuereinheit nach einem festgelegten Schema, welches in Figur 1 anhand eines P(t) und eines T(t) Diagramms dargestellt ist:
Das gewünschte Innentemperaturfenster des Kühlraumes liegt zwischen TE (der Einschalttemperatur oder -bedingung) und TA (der Ausschalttemperatur oder -bedingung). Die Innentemperatur wird mit Hilfe eines Temperaturfühlers überwacht. In der Stehzeit des Kompressors steigt die Innentemperatur durch Wärmeeintrag in den Kühlraum an. Sobald die Innentemperatur zum Zeitpunkt t0 die obere Temperaturgrenze TE erreicht, wird der Kompressor mit einer Eingangsleistungsstufe in Betrieb genommen. Der Betrieb des Kompressors erfolgt zunächst auf einer geringen Leistungsstufe mit der Leistung L1. Der Zeitpunkt t0 wird auch als Einschaltzeitpunkt bezeichnet.In operation without Smart Grid mode, the compressor is controlled by the control unit according to a defined scheme, which is described in Figure 1 using a P (t) and a T (t) diagram:
The desired interior temperature window of the refrigerator is between T E (the switch-on temperature or condition) and T A (the switch-off temperature or condition). The inside temperature is monitored with the help of a temperature sensor. When the compressor is idle, the internal temperature rises due to the heat input into the refrigerator. As soon as the internal temperature reaches the upper temperature limit T E at time t 0 , the compressor is started up with an input power stage. The compressor is initially operated at a low power level with power L 1 . The time t 0 is also referred to as the switch-on time.

Bei Betrieb des Kompressors mit der Leistung L1 sinkt die Innentemperatur im Kühlraum langsam ab. Für den Betrieb des Kompressors auf der Leistungsstufe L1 ist im Algorithmus ein bestimmtes Zeitintervall Δt(1→2) vorgesehen.When the compressor is operated with output L 1 , the internal temperature in the cold room slowly drops. A certain time interval Δt (1 → 2) is provided in the algorithm for the operation of the compressor at the power level L 1 .

Wird die untere Temperaturgrenze TA innerhalb dieses ersten Zeitintervalls Δt(1→2) erreicht (in Figur 1 nicht dargestellt), so wird der Kompressor abgeschalten und der Betriebszyklus des Kompressors endet. Der Einfachheit halber entspricht die Ausschaltbedingung hier der unteren Grenze und die Einschaltbedingung der oberen Grenze für die Innentemperatur des Kühlraumes. Die Ausschaltbedingung kann in der Praxis allerdings auch eine höhere Temperatur und die Einschaltbedingung eine niedrigere Temperatur sein, um ein eventuell verzögertes Ansprechverhalten zu berücksichtigen.If the lower temperature limit T A is reached within this first time interval Δt (1 → 2) (in Figure 1 not shown), the compressor is switched off and the operating cycle of the compressor ends. For the sake of simplicity, the switch-off condition here corresponds to the lower limit and the switch-on condition to the upper limit for the internal temperature of the refrigerator compartment. The switch-off condition In practice, however, a higher temperature and the switch-on condition can be a lower temperature in order to take into account a possibly delayed response behavior.

Wird die untere Temperaturgrenze TA innerhalb dieses ersten Zeitintervalls Δt(1→2) nicht erreicht (in Figur 1 dargestellt), so wird die Leistung des Kälteaggregats zu einem Zeitpunkt t1 (Umschaltzeitpunkt) erhöht und das Kälteaggregat auf einer höheren Leistungsstufe mit der Leistung L2 betrieben. Bei Betrieb des Kompressors mit der Leistung L2 sinkt die Innentemperatur im Kühlraum schneller ab als noch bei Betrieb des Kompressors mit der Leistung L1. Für den Betrieb des Kompressors auf der Leistungsstufe L2 ist im Algorithmus wiederum ein bestimmtes Zeitintervall Δt(2→3) vorgesehen. Dieses Zeitintervall Δt(2→3) kann dem Zeitintervall Δt(1→2) entsprechen oder kann sich davon unterscheiden, d.h. kürzer oder länger sein.If the lower temperature limit T A is not reached within this first time interval Δt (1 → 2) (in Figure 1 shown), the power of the refrigeration unit is increased at a time t 1 (changeover time) and the refrigeration unit is operated at a higher power level with the power L 2 . When the compressor is operated with the power L 2 , the internal temperature in the refrigerator compartment drops faster than when the compressor is operated with the power L 1 . A certain time interval Δt (2 → 3) is again provided in the algorithm for the operation of the compressor at the power level L 2 . This time interval .DELTA.t (2 → 3) can correspond to the time interval .DELTA.t (1 → 2) or can differ therefrom, ie it can be shorter or longer.

Wird die untere Temperaturgrenze TA innerhalb dieses zweiten Zeitintervalls Δt(2→3) erreicht (in Figur 1 nicht dargestellt), so wird der Kompressor abgeschalten und der Betriebszyklus des Kompressors endet.If the lower temperature limit T A is reached within this second time interval Δt (2 → 3) (in Figure 1 not shown), the compressor is switched off and the operating cycle of the compressor ends.

Wird die untere Temperaturgrenze TA innerhalb dieses zweiten Zeitintervalls Δt(2→3) erneut nicht erreicht (in Figur 1 dargestellt), so wird die Leistung des Kälteaggregats zu einem Zeitpunkt t2 (ein weiterer Umschaltzeitpunkt) erhöht und das Kälteaggregat auf einer wiederum höheren Leistungsstufe mit der Leistung L3 betrieben. Bei Betrieb des Kompressors mit der Leistung L3 sinkt die Innentemperatur im Kühlraum noch schneller ab als bei Betrieb des Kompressors mit der Leistung L2. Für den Betrieb des Kompressors auf der Leistungsstufe L3 ist im Algorithmus wiederum ein bestimmtes Zeitintervall Δt(3→4) vorgesehen. Dieses Zeitintervall Δt(3→4) kann anderen Zeitintervallen wie Δt(1→2) oder Δt(2→3) entsprechen oder sich davon unterscheiden, d.h. kürzer oder länger sein.If the lower temperature limit T A is not reached again within this second time interval Δt (2 → 3) (in Figure 1 shown), the output of the refrigeration unit is increased at a time t 2 (another changeover time) and the refrigeration unit is operated at a further higher power level with the output L 3 . When the compressor is operated with the power L 3 , the internal temperature in the refrigerator compartment drops even faster than when the compressor is operated with the power L 2 . A certain time interval Δt (3 → 4) is again provided in the algorithm for the operation of the compressor at the power level L 3 . This time interval Δt (3 → 4) can correspond to or differ from other time intervals such as Δt (1 → 2) or Δt (2 → 3), ie it can be shorter or longer.

Wird die untere Temperaturgrenze TA innerhalb dieses dritten Zeitintervalls Δt(3→4) erreicht (in Figur 1 dargestellt), so wird der Kompressor abgeschaltet und der Betriebszyklus Δt(TE→TA) des Kompressors endet. Der Zeitpunkt t3 wird auch als Ausschaltzeitpunkt bezeichnet.If the lower temperature limit T A is reached within this third time interval Δt (3 → 4) (in Figure 1 shown), the compressor is switched off and the operating cycle Δt (T E → T A ) of the compressor ends. The time t 3 is also referred to as the switch-off time.

Anschließend erwärmt sich der Kühlraum in der Stehzeit ΔtS des Kompressors durch Wärmeeintrag, bis die Startbedingung TE wieder erreicht ist, bevor ein neuer (Folge-)Betriebszyklus zum Einschaltzeitpunkt t0' beginnt.Subsequently, the cooling space heats up during the standing time Δt S of the compressor by the introduction of heat until the starting condition T E is reached again before a new (subsequent) operating cycle begins at the switch-on time t 0 '.

Typischerweise entspricht die Eingangsleistungsstufe des Folgebetriebszyklus der letzten (End-)Leistungsstufe des vorhergehenden Betriebszyklus. Dies entspräche im gezeigten Beispiel der Leistungsstufe L3.Typically, the input power level of the subsequent operating cycle corresponds to the last (final) power level of the previous operating cycle. In the example shown, this would correspond to performance level L 3 .

Im Algorithmus kann jedoch vorgesehen sein, dass die Leistungsstufe (Eingangsleistungsstufe des Folgebetriebszyklus) gesenkt wird (wie in Figur 1 dargestellt) wenn die benötigte Zeit bis zum Erreichen der Ausschaltbedingung bei Betrieb mit der Endleistungsstufe L3 einen bestimmte Dauer unterschreitet. Diese Dauer ist in der Figur als Differenz zwischen Bedingungszeitpunkt tx und Umschaltzeitpunkt t2 ablesbar. Im dargestellten Fall liegt der Ausschaltzeitpunkt t3 vor dem Bedingungszeitpunkt tx, sodass die Eingangsleistungsstufe des Folgebetriebszyklus im Vergleich zur Endleistungsstufe des vorhergehenden Betriebszyklus gesenkt wird, im abgebildeten Fall von L3 auf L2.However, it can be provided in the algorithm that the power level (input power level of the subsequent operating cycle) is reduced (as in Figure 1 shown) if the time required to reach the switch-off condition during operation with the final power level L 3 falls below a certain duration. This duration can be read off in the figure as the difference between the point in time t x and the point in time t 2 . In the illustrated case, the switch-off time t 3 lies before the condition time t x , so that the input power level of the subsequent operating cycle is reduced compared to the final power level of the previous operating cycle, in the illustrated case from L 3 to L 2 .

Bei Aktivierung der Superfrostfunktion kann der Kompressor sofort mit der höchsten Drehzahl betrieben werden.When the super freeze function is activated, the compressor can be operated at the highest speed immediately.

Im Smart Grid Modus erfolgt die Ansteuerung des drehzahlgeregelten Kompressors von der Steuereinheit dynamisch und veränderbar, um einen effizienteren Betrieb im Smart Grid zu ermöglichen. Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen Beispiele für das P(t) Diagramm aus Figur 1 nach Modifikation entsprechend einem Stromcharakteristikum im Smart Grid Modus.In the Smart Grid mode, the speed-controlled compressor is controlled dynamically and changeably by the control unit in order to enable more efficient operation in the Smart Grid. Figures 2 and 3 show examples of the P (t) diagram Figure 1 after modification according to a current characteristic in smart grid mode.

Zunächst bezieht die Steuereinheit über die drahtlose Schnittstelle ein Stromcharakteristikum und gibt auf dessen Grundlage des Energiesignals ein Statusbit 0 oder 1 aus.First, the control unit obtains a current characteristic via the wireless interface and outputs a status bit 0 or 1 on the basis of the energy signal.

Figur 2 zeigt das P(t) Diagramm aus Figur 1, welches im Smart Grid Modus gemäß einem Statusbit, das einem günstigen Energiecharakteristikum wie beispielsweise einem günstigen Strompreis entspricht, modifiziert wurde. Der ursprüngliche P(t) Verlauf aus Figur 1 ist mit einer durchgehenden Linie dargestellt. Der modifizierte P(t) Verlauf gemäß Smart Grid Modus ist mit einer gepunkteten Linie dargestellt. Figure 2 shows the P (t) diagram Figure 1 , which was modified in Smart Grid mode according to a status bit that corresponds to a favorable energy characteristic such as a favorable electricity price. The original P (t) course from Figure 1 is shown with a solid line. The modified P (t) curve according to Smart Grid mode is shown with a dotted line.

Die im Zusammenhang mit der Beschreibung von Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungen gelten für die Beschreibung von Figur 2 entsprechend.The related to the description of Figure 1 The statements shown apply to the description of Figure 2 corresponding.

Abweichend davon wird das erste Zeitintervall Δt(1→2) verkürzt und der Kompressor bereits zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt mit einer höheren Leistungsstufe L2 betrieben. Dadurch sinkt die Innentemperatur des Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerätes schneller als beim Betrieb gemäß Figur 1. Das Gerät arbeitet hier zwar mit einer schlechteren Energieeffizienz durch Verwendung höherer Kompressordrehzahlen, jedoch wird dies durch den vorliegenden, niedrigen Strompreis überkompensiert. In diesem Fall wird also trotz der schlechteren Energieeffizienz gleich die höhere Leistungsstufe gewählt, da das System im Smart Grid Modus möglichst viel Kühlleistung unter Verwendung günstiger Energie zu erzielen. Das erste Zeitintervall Δt(1→2) kann gegebenenfalls auch auf 0 verkürzt werden, was zur Folge hätte dass der Kompressor gleich auf der zweiten Leistungsstufe L2 betrieben würde.Deviating from this, the first time interval Δt (1 → 2) is shortened and the compressor is operated at an earlier time with a higher power level L 2 . As a result, the internal temperature of the refrigerator and / or freezer drops faster than during operation according to Figure 1 , Although the device works with poorer energy efficiency due to the use of higher compressor speeds, this is more than compensated for by the low electricity price. In this case, the higher power level is selected in spite of the poorer energy efficiency, since the system in Smart Grid mode achieves as much cooling capacity as possible using cheap energy. The first time interval Δt (1 → 2) can optionally also be shortened to 0, which would have the consequence that the compressor would be operated at the second power level L 2 .

Ferner wird in Figur 2 eine Verkürzung der Stehzeit des Kompressors bei Vorliegen von billigem Strom verkürzt werden kann. Der Betrieb des Kompressors setzt früher ein, obwohl die Einschaltbedingung noch nicht erreicht ist. So kann der Innenraum jedoch unter Ausnützung von billigem Strom gekühlt werden, und dieselbe Kühlleistung muss nicht zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt unter Verbrauch von gegebenenfalls teurerem Strom erbracht werden.Furthermore, in Figure 2 a reduction in the downtime of the compressor in the presence of cheap electricity can be shortened. The compressor starts operating earlier, although the switch-on condition has not yet been reached. In this way, however, the interior can be cooled using cheap electricity, and the same cooling capacity does not have to be provided at a later point in time using possibly more expensive electricity.

Der Kühlzyklus ist in Figur 2 bereits knapp nach dem Zeitpunkt t1 abgeschlossen, sodass die verfügbare billige. Energie optimal genützt wurde.The cooling cycle is in Figure 2 completed just after time t 1 , so that the available cheap. Energy was used optimally.

Figur 3 zeigt das P(t) Diagramm aus Figur 1, welches im Smart Grid Modus gemäß einem Statusbit, das einem ungünstigen Energiecharakteristikum wie beispielsweise einem teuren Strompreis entspricht, modifiziert wurde. Der ursprüngliche P(t) Verlauf aus Figur 1 ist mit einer durchgehenden Linie dargestellt. Der modifizierte P(t) Verlauf gemäß Smart Grid Modus ist mit einer gepunkteten Linie dargestellt. Figure 3 shows the P (t) diagram Figure 1 , which was modified in Smart Grid mode according to a status bit that corresponds to an unfavorable energy characteristic such as an expensive electricity price. The original P (t) course from Figure 1 is shown with a solid line. The modified P (t) curve according to Smart Grid mode is shown with a dotted line.

Die im Zusammenhang mit der Beschreibung von Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungen gelten für die Beschreibung von Figur 3 entsprechend.The related to the description of Figure 1 The statements shown apply to the description of Figure 3 corresponding.

Abweichend davon wird das erste Zeitintervall Δt(1→2) verlängert und der Kompressor wird erst zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt mit einer höheren Leistungsstufe L2 betrieben. Dadurch sinkt die Innentemperatur des Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerätes langsamer als beim Betrieb gemäß Figur 1, das Gerät arbeitet jedoch mit einer besseren Energieeffizienz. Die fehlende Kühlleistung im Vergleich zum Betrieb gemäß Figur 1 kann gegebenenfalls zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt unter Verbrauch von billigem Strom erbracht werden.In deviation from this, the first time interval Δt (1 → 2) is extended and the compressor is only operated at a higher power level L 2 at a later point in time. As a result, the internal temperature of the refrigerator and / or freezer drops more slowly than during operation Figure 1 However, the device works with better energy efficiency. The lack of cooling capacity compared to the operation according to Figure 1 may be provided at a later date using cheap electricity.

Die Kühlung dauert länger als bei Betrieb gemäß Figur 1. Der Stromverbrauch für das Erreichen derselben Kühlleistung ist durch die bessere Energieeffizienz jedoch geringer. Die dritte Leistungsstufe L3 wird hier nicht verwendet.Cooling takes longer than when operating in accordance with Figure 1 , However, the energy consumption for achieving the same cooling capacity is lower due to the better energy efficiency. The third performance level L 3 is not used here.

Zusammenfassend ergibt sich, dass mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und einem erfindungsgemäßen Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät die Energie- und/oder Kosteneffizienz durch Interaktion mit einem intelligenten Stromnetz maßgeblich gesteigert werden kann.In summary, it can be seen that with a method according to the invention and a refrigerator and / or freezer according to the invention, the energy and / or cost efficiency can be significantly increased by interaction with an intelligent power grid.

Claims (14)

  1. Method for operating a refrigeration and/or freezer device with at least one refrigeration unit that can be operated on at least two different power levels, wherein the duration of at least an operating time and/or at least a dwell time of the refrigeration unit is changed dependent upon at least one characteristic of the energy that the refrigeration unit is operated with, characterized in that the duration of an operating time until the refrigeration unit is switched from one power level to a higher or lower power level is reduced or extended dependent upon the characteristic of the energy.
  2. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the duration of an operating time until the refrigeration unit is turned-off is reduced or extended dependent upon the characteristic of the energy.
  3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the duration of a dwell time until the refrigeration unit is turned-on is reduced or extended dependent upon the characteristic of the energy.
  4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the duration of the operating time and/or dwell time of the refrigeration unit is extended or reduced by adding a fixedly-set or variable additional time.
  5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a status bit is set dependent upon the characteristic of the energy, and the duration of the operating time and/or dwell time of the refrigeration unit is reduced or extended dependent upon the status bit.
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one power level has a better efficiency and a lower absolute refrigeration power compared to a higher power level.
  7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power of the refrigeration unit is changed continuously or stepwise.
  8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dependency of the duration of the operating time and/or dwell time on the value of the characteristic of the energy and/or of the status bit is automatically and/or manually switched-on and/or switched-off.
  9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a limit power level which does not correspond to the highest or lowest possible power level of the refrigeration unit, is set for the operation of the refrigeration unit.
  10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a turn-on condition and/or a turn-off condition is changed dependent upon the characteristic of the energy.
  11. Method according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the change of a condition is cancelled if the refrigeration unit would have to be operated beyond the limit power level in order to reach the said changed condition.
  12. Refrigeration and/or freezer device with at least one refrigeration unit and at least an internal or external control and/or regulation unit, wherein the control and/or regulation unit and the refrigeration unit are connected to one another in such a way that the refrigeration unit can be controlled by the control and/or regulation unit, and wherein the refrigeration unit can be operated selectively at one of at least two different power levels,
    characterized in that
    a control algorithm is stored on the control and/or regulation unit, which for the operation of the refrigeration unit provides a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
  13. Refrigeration and/or freezer device according to claim 12, characterized in that the control and/or regulation unit comprises a data interface via which a characteristic of the energy can be received from a server or other data source, and/or via which the control and/or regulation unit is connected with a server or other data source of an intelligent power grid.
  14. Refrigeration and/or freezer device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the refrigeration unit comprises a compressor that can be operated at different speeds, and different power levels preferably are defined by different compressor speeds.
EP11009295.4A 2010-11-26 2011-11-23 Method for operating a fridge and/or freezer and fridge and/or freezer Active EP2458310B1 (en)

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CN114279162B (en) * 2021-12-28 2023-02-28 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Control method and device of air-cooled refrigerator and refrigerator
CN114893921B (en) * 2022-05-24 2023-08-08 青岛海信日立空调系统有限公司 Magnetic suspension water chilling unit

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EP2458310A2 (en) 2012-05-30
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CN102564049B (en) 2016-08-03
DE102010052699A1 (en) 2012-05-31

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