EP2456530A1 - Modification de l'affichage d'avatars - Google Patents

Modification de l'affichage d'avatars

Info

Publication number
EP2456530A1
EP2456530A1 EP10729846A EP10729846A EP2456530A1 EP 2456530 A1 EP2456530 A1 EP 2456530A1 EP 10729846 A EP10729846 A EP 10729846A EP 10729846 A EP10729846 A EP 10729846A EP 2456530 A1 EP2456530 A1 EP 2456530A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
avatars
adaptation
display
criterion
terminal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP10729846A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Abdelkrim Hebbar
Hakim Hacid
Abderrahmane Maaradji
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent SAS
Publication of EP2456530A1 publication Critical patent/EP2456530A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F13/00Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
    • A63F13/70Game security or game management aspects
    • A63F13/79Game security or game management aspects involving player-related data, e.g. identities, accounts, preferences or play histories
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T13/00Animation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F13/00Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F13/00Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions
    • A63F13/50Controlling the output signals based on the game progress
    • A63F13/52Controlling the output signals based on the game progress involving aspects of the displayed game scene
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F2300/00Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
    • A63F2300/50Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by details of game servers
    • A63F2300/55Details of game data or player data management
    • A63F2300/5546Details of game data or player data management using player registration data, e.g. identification, account, preferences, game history
    • A63F2300/5553Details of game data or player data management using player registration data, e.g. identification, account, preferences, game history user representation in the game field, e.g. avatar
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63FCARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F2300/00Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game
    • A63F2300/50Features of games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing representations related to the game characterized by details of game servers
    • A63F2300/55Details of game data or player data management
    • A63F2300/5546Details of game data or player data management using player registration data, e.g. identification, account, preferences, game history
    • A63F2300/556Player lists, e.g. online players, buddy list, black list

Definitions

  • An image processing method in a virtual environment a method for adapting the avatars display, an image processing processor, a virtual world server and a corresponding communication terminal for the implementation of such methods.
  • a virtual world includes several virtual environments, each virtual environment of which is a 3D digital representation imitating a real world environment.
  • avatars as the representation of the user. These are usually chosen and manually configured by users according to their tastes. It can be photo, three-dimensional image or any graphic representation. As soon as the user connects to the virtual world his avatar appears in the virtual world.
  • a user can create in these virtual worlds a social network in which the user records the users he knows and / or with whom he communicated via avatars.
  • the definition of the other avatars present in this virtual environment depends on their geographical distance from the avatar of the connected user.
  • geographical distance the distance simulated between the avatars in the virtual environment in which the avatars evolve.
  • the user can see with more precision the avatars geographically close to his avatar.
  • the user can not quickly distinguish the avatars of users who are part of one of his social networks or who are interested in a moment and a specific place in the virtual world.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art by adapting the display of avatars while reducing the resources required for displaying avatars.
  • the subject of the invention is an image processing method in a virtual environment in which a plurality of avatars respectively representing associated users evolve, said image processing method comprising the following steps:
  • an adaptation request is received from the display of the avatars on the terminal of a given user, said request comprising at least one adaptation criterion for differentiating the display of the avatars,
  • the modified data is transmitted for a suitable display of the avatars on the terminal of the given user.
  • the image processing method may further include one or more of the following features, taken separately or in combination:
  • the adaptation criterion is a criterion of social link between the given user and the users connected to the virtual environment
  • said image processing method comprises the following steps:
  • a social link coefficient is calculated from said adaptation criterion and social network information of the given user,
  • a blur filter inversely proportional to the calculated social link coefficient is applied.
  • the invention also relates to a method of adapting the display of avatars in a virtual environment in which a plurality of avatars respectively representing associated users evolve, said adaptation method comprising the following steps:
  • a request is made to adapt the display of the avatars to the terminal of a given user, said request comprising at least one adaptation criterion to differentiate the display of the avatars,
  • the invention also relates to an image processing processor comprising at least one processing means for:
  • the invention also relates to a virtual world server comprising such an image processing processor.
  • the invention also relates to a communication terminal comprising such an image processing processor.
  • the invention also relates to a communication terminal of a user comprising:
  • At least one treatment means for:
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a communication network on which a plurality of communication terminals exchange data with a virtual world server
  • FIG. 2a is an example of displaying a virtual environment
  • FIG. 2b is an example of a display of a virtual environment in which the display of the avatars is adapted
  • FIG. 3a illustrates the steps of a method of adapting the display of avatars in a virtual environment
  • FIG. 3b illustrates the steps of an image processing method in a virtual environment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the social link with a user given in concentric zones respectively associated with an adaptation criterion
  • FIG. 5a is an example of displaying an avatar in high definition
  • FIG. 5b is an example of displaying an avatar in average definition
  • FIG. 5c is an example of displaying an avatar in very low definition
  • FIG. 1 shows a communication network 1 for example
  • the terminals 3a, 3 exchange data with the virtual world server 5 on the communication network 1, so that the users of the terminals 3a, 3 can connect to the virtual world and evolve in the virtual world.
  • the term communication network 1 here means any type of network, capable of transmitting content to the terminals 3a, 3 and exchange with these terminals 3a, 3 data or messages. Any mode of transmission can be envisaged.
  • communication terminal 3a, 3 means any equipment capable of receiving contents of the communication network 1 and of exchanging data, messages and requests with this same communication network 1.
  • It may for example be a mobile phone or fixed, a personal digital assistant (or PDA), or a computer or laptop.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • each user of a terminal 3a, 3 is associated with an avatar 7a, 7 ', 7 "to represent it in virtual environment EV of the virtual world which is displayed on a medium of display 9a, 9 of the terminal 3a, 3.
  • each user can have one or more social networks, such as friends networks, workgroup networks, or gaming networks, in the virtual world or in another virtual exchange platform external to the world. virtual.
  • Each network groups together a set of users. This set of users may include a list of user nicknames with possibly associated avatars or their corresponding profiles.
  • the user is part of a community in the virtual world also forming a social network.
  • the virtual world server 5 conventionally comprises at least one means for managing the virtual environments in which the avatars operate.
  • the virtual world server 5 further comprises at least one image processing means 13, for example an image processing processor 13.
  • the processor 13 may be integrated with each terminal 3a, 3.
  • This processor 13 communicates with a database 15 of users' social networks, whether they are networks in the virtual world or in other virtual exchange platforms. For this, the user must have previously entered his or her corresponding identifiers for the external platforms to the virtual world, thus allowing the database 15 to have access to its social networks.
  • an external server 17 includes this database 15.
  • it is the virtual world server 5 that comprises the database 15.
  • the terminal 3a comprises at least one processing means for transmitting to the processor 13 during a step Al a matching request.
  • Ra includes at least one adaptation criterion to differentiate the display of avatars.
  • This adaptation criterion may be a social link criterion, for example a criterion of belonging to a social network of the first user of the terminal 3a, the social network being able to be internal or external to the virtual world.
  • any other adaptation criterion may be used such as interest criteria or frequency of exchange criteria.
  • the display of avatars must be adapted according to the social network of this first user.
  • second T avatars associated with social network users are differentiated from the third 7 "avatars associated with connected users who do not belong to the social network of the first user (see Figure 2b).
  • the processor 13 then comprises at least one processing means for receiving the adaptation request Ra with the adaptation criterion during a step B1, modifying the data representing the avatars according to the adaptation criterion in step B2 , and transmit to the terminal 3a the data modified in a step B3, for a suitable display of the avatars on the display means 9a ( Figures 1 and 3b).
  • the terminal 3a then receives the modified data in step A2 and displays the avatars on the display means 9a in step A3 (FIG. 3 a).
  • the processor 13 comprises at least one processing means for transmitting a request for information to step B21. Ri to the database 15 concerning the social network (s) of the first user (FIGS. 1 and 3b).
  • the database 15 then transmits the RS data on the social network (s) of the first user to the processor 13 configured to identify from these RS data the connected users who are part of the social network of the user and those who do not. are not part of step B22.
  • the processor 13 modifies, during a step B23, the data representing the avatars to differentiate the second avatars 7 'from the users of the social network of the first user and the third avatars 7 "from the other users.
  • the processor 13 applies a blur filter on the third avatars 7 ", so that the second avatars 7 'are displayed with a good definition compared to the third avatars 7" which are fuzzy.
  • the resources of the processor 13 for only a few avatars with a good definition are much less important than those needed for a host of avatars in good definition.
  • the computing effort of the processor 13 is reduced to maintain only certain avatars in good definition.
  • the processor 13 when the processor 13 is at the level of the virtual world server 5, the processor 13 transmits less important data on the communication network 1 to the terminal 3a.
  • the first user can define:
  • a first criterion for example a criterion of belonging to a "family" network of the first user
  • a second criterion for example an interest criterion such as "museum", and
  • a third criterion for example an interest criterion such as "sport”.
  • FIG. 4 in which three circular zones Z1, Z2 and Z3 are schematically represented.
  • the first zone Z1 is associated with the first criterion
  • the second zone Z2 is associated with the second criterion
  • the third zone is associated with the third criterion.
  • the avatars must therefore be adapted according to the membership of the users in one of the three zones Z1, Z2, Z3.
  • the processor 13 comprises at least one means for calculating a social link coefficient for each user based on the adaptation criteria and the social network information of the first user.
  • the users connected to the virtual environment EV and belonging to the network "Family" of the first user correspond to the first zone Z1 and are associated with a strong first coefficient of social link Cl.
  • the users connected to the virtual environment EV and belonging to one or more social networks of the first user having for example in their profiles as criterion of interest the museum, correspond to the second zone Z2 and are associated with a second coefficient of social link C2 high month than the first coefficient of social link Cl (C2 ⁇ C1).
  • the users connected to the virtual environment EV and belonging to one or more social networks of the first user having for example in their profiles as criterion of interest the sport correspond to the third zone Z3 and are associated with a third coefficient of social link C3 month high than the second coefficient of social link C2 (C3 ⁇ C2).
  • the processor 13 adapts the users differently according to these calculated coefficients.
  • a sharpness factor proportional to the calculated social link coefficient is applied.
  • the second avatars 7 'of the users of zone 1 associated with the first coefficient C1 can be displayed with a very high definition
  • the second avatars T of users of zone 2 associated with the second coefficient C2 can be displayed with high definition (FIG. 5a), and
  • the second avatars T of users of zone 3 associated with the third coefficient C3, can be displayed with medium definition ( Figure 5b).
  • the third avatars 7 "of the users of the zone 2 associated with the fourth coefficient C4 can be displayed with an average definition (FIG. 5b), and the third avatars 7" of the users of the zone 3 associated with the fifth coefficient C5 can be displayed with a low definition.
  • a second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that when a first user connects to the virtual environment EV, the display of the avatars is directly adapted according to adaptation criteria defined by the user.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
EP10729846A 2009-07-24 2010-06-30 Modification de l'affichage d'avatars Ceased EP2456530A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0903653A FR2948480B1 (fr) 2009-07-24 2009-07-24 Procede de traitement d'image, procede d'adaptation de l'affichage d'avatars, processeur de traitement d'image, serveur de monde virtuel et terminal de communication
PCT/EP2010/059240 WO2011009696A1 (fr) 2009-07-24 2010-06-30 Modification de l'affichage d'avatars

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2456530A1 true EP2456530A1 (fr) 2012-05-30

Family

ID=41820556

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10729846A Ceased EP2456530A1 (fr) 2009-07-24 2010-06-30 Modification de l'affichage d'avatars

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9776090B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP2456530A1 (ko)
JP (1) JP5843765B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR20120046276A (ko)
CN (1) CN102470275A (ko)
FR (1) FR2948480B1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2011009696A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9007421B2 (en) * 2011-06-21 2015-04-14 Mitel Networks Corporation Conference call user interface and methods thereof
US10147146B2 (en) * 2012-03-14 2018-12-04 Disney Enterprises, Inc. Tailoring social elements of virtual environments
US20160129350A1 (en) * 2013-06-10 2016-05-12 Thomson Licensing Method and system for evolving an avatar
US9177410B2 (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-11-03 Ayla Mandel System and method for creating avatars or animated sequences using human body features extracted from a still image
WO2015116228A1 (en) * 2014-02-03 2015-08-06 Empire Technology Development Llc Rendering of game characters
US10238968B2 (en) 2016-12-06 2019-03-26 Colopl, Inc. Information processing method, apparatus, and system for executing the information processing method
JP6392832B2 (ja) * 2016-12-06 2018-09-19 株式会社コロプラ 情報処理方法、装置、および当該情報処理方法をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム
JP6215441B1 (ja) * 2016-12-27 2017-10-18 株式会社コロプラ 仮想空間を提供するための方法、当該方法をコンピュータに実現させるためのプログラム、および、コンピュータ装置
US10395056B2 (en) 2017-05-01 2019-08-27 International Business Machines Corporation Protecting privacy of digital images
US11557093B1 (en) * 2019-09-10 2023-01-17 Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc Using social connections to define graphical representations of users in an artificial reality setting
CN111833234B (zh) * 2020-07-10 2024-05-07 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 图像显示方法、图像处理装置和计算机可读存储介质
US20230237731A1 (en) * 2022-01-27 2023-07-27 Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc Scalable parallax system for rendering distant avatars, environments, and dynamic objects
US20240062430A1 (en) * 2022-08-17 2024-02-22 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Contextual avatar presentation based on relationship data

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4433525B2 (ja) * 1999-10-05 2010-03-17 株式会社セガ 画像処理装置
KR100393350B1 (ko) * 2001-04-23 2003-08-02 (주)가시오페아 가상경기 시스템 및 방법
US7797345B1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2010-09-14 Cisco Technology, Inc. Restricting hierarchical posts with social network metrics methods and apparatus
US8683386B2 (en) 2006-10-03 2014-03-25 Brian Mark Shuster Virtual environment for computer game
US8224359B2 (en) * 2006-12-22 2012-07-17 Yahoo! Inc. Provisioning my status information to others in my social network
GB2447094B (en) 2007-03-01 2010-03-10 Sony Comp Entertainment Europe Entertainment device and method
JP4985970B2 (ja) 2007-10-24 2012-07-25 インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション オブジェクトの表示を制御する技術
US20090141023A1 (en) * 2007-11-29 2009-06-04 Brian Mark Shuster Selective filtering of user input data in a multi-user virtual environment
US8892999B2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2014-11-18 Nike, Inc. Interactive avatar for social network services
JP4931245B2 (ja) * 2007-11-30 2012-05-16 インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション アクセス制御方法、サーバ装置およびシステム
US7930731B2 (en) * 2007-12-21 2011-04-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Methods, systems and program products for creation of multiple views and optimized communications pathways based on personal descriptors
US10096032B2 (en) * 2008-04-15 2018-10-09 International Business Machines Corporation Proximity-based broadcast virtual universe system
CN101360109A (zh) * 2008-09-25 2009-02-04 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 形象管理系统和形象管理方法
US20100115426A1 (en) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-06 Yahoo! Inc. Avatar environments
US20100306685A1 (en) * 2009-05-29 2010-12-02 Microsoft Corporation User movement feedback via on-screen avatars

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *
See also references of WO2011009696A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2948480B1 (fr) 2012-03-09
US20120188277A1 (en) 2012-07-26
US9776090B2 (en) 2017-10-03
KR20120046276A (ko) 2012-05-09
CN102470275A (zh) 2012-05-23
WO2011009696A1 (fr) 2011-01-27
FR2948480A1 (fr) 2011-01-28
JP5843765B2 (ja) 2016-01-13
JP2013500511A (ja) 2013-01-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2011009696A1 (fr) Modification de l'affichage d'avatars
CN100486168C (zh) 一种向即时通信用户界面推送聊天场景的方法
US9031972B2 (en) Method and device for extracting relationship circle of members in social network service (SNS) network
US20060190536A1 (en) Method, system and program product for building social networks
FR2833131A1 (fr) Procede et systeme pour obtimiser l'affichage d'un sujet d'interet dans une image numerique
US20090165090A1 (en) Methods, systems and program products for creation of multiple views and optimized communications pathways based on personal descriptors
FR2909202A1 (fr) Procede d'analyse de la disposition de produits dans un lineaire de magasin.
EP1756765A1 (fr) Dispositif et procede de reservation de produits de voyage
FR2961929B1 (fr) Procede d'affichage d'un monde virtuel dans lequel evolue l'avatar d'un utilisateur d'un service de realite virtuelle
CN102541448A (zh) 使用虚拟技术的人工交互验证
KR101783431B1 (ko) 크라우드 펀딩 시스템을 통해 엔터테인먼트 관련 펀딩 정보 및 컨설팅 정보를 제공하는 방법
FR2805651A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour presenter des images numeriques sur un ecran de faible definition
FR2805630A1 (fr) Procede pour gerer une distribution rapide d'images
US20220284477A1 (en) Connected/affiliated household targeting
WO2001075696A1 (fr) Procede permettant a un adjudicateur de faire parvenir un appel d'offre a un ou plusieurs prestataires selectionnes
US20090228355A1 (en) Amelioration of unsolicited advertisements in a virtual universe through avatar transport offers
FR2960995A1 (fr) Procede pour la fabrication de chaussures en utilisant un systeme interactif
EP1952580B1 (fr) Procédé de test de réseau de communication par l'intermédiaire d'un terminal
US20130273942A1 (en) System And Method To Automatically Triangulate Location Based On Popularity And Density Ranking Of Venues Over Distance
FR3016069A3 (ko)
EP2236985A1 (fr) Gestion de données dans un système d'informations géographiques
WO2009080945A2 (fr) Procédé de gestion de représentations d'utilisateurs, entité de gestion, terminal et programme d'ordinateur correspondants
FR3090941A1 (fr) Procédé d’interaction d’un utilisateur avec un environnement de réalité virtuelle
BE1024183B1 (fr) Méthode de classement de participants à une épreuve, dispositif et programme associés
WO2022043306A1 (fr) Système de gestion de contenus multimédias publiés via un réseau social, paramétré pour adapter la durée de diffusion d'un fichier à partager en fonction d'appréciations

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20120224

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
111Z Information provided on other rights and legal means of execution

Free format text: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

Effective date: 20130410

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20140303

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ALCATEL LUCENT

D11X Information provided on other rights and legal means of execution (deleted)
RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ALCATEL LUCENT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R003

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED

18R Application refused

Effective date: 20180608