EP2454101B1 - Parallax effect security element - Google Patents
Parallax effect security element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2454101B1 EP2454101B1 EP10740386.7A EP10740386A EP2454101B1 EP 2454101 B1 EP2454101 B1 EP 2454101B1 EP 10740386 A EP10740386 A EP 10740386A EP 2454101 B1 EP2454101 B1 EP 2454101B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- security element
- combined image
- security
- substrate
- revelation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
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- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/342—Moiré effects
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
- B42D25/373—Metallic materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F3/03—Forms or constructions of security seals
- G09F3/0305—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used
- G09F3/0341—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used having label sealing means
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- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/355—Security threads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
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- B42D25/387—Special inks absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of security elements used for authentication and / or identification of articles, documents or various objects.
- security elements applied on the surface or introduced in bulk or in windows in a security article, in particular a security article.
- security document, or other object for example a label, packaging, especially for drugs, food, cosmetics, electronic parts or spare parts.
- the security article may in particular be chosen from among a means of payment, such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket, an identity document such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving license, a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to events.
- a means of payment such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket
- an identity document such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving license, a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to events.
- US 6,286,873 teaches the possibility of observing coded images on each side of an optical system having a revelation frame and a combined image, located on either side of a substrate.
- DE 10 2006 061905 discloses a security element according to the preamble of claim 1, comprising an optical system comprising a substrate, a revelation frame and images observable at different angles of observation.
- US 2007/0279697 discloses a security element having an optical system for producing a moire effect.
- the object of the invention is, according to a first of its aspects, a security element according to claim 1.
- the combined image may include at least two nested encoded images.
- it comprises at least three nested coded images in order to accentuate the visual animation effect during successive observations of the coded images by changing the observation direction of the security element relative to the optical system.
- the revelation of the coded images can be done by parallax effect.
- the invention offers new possibilities to authenticate and / or identify an article or object carrying the security element, for example a security document.
- the user can, by varying the inclination of the optical system, show a succession of images, which can create an animation effect for example.
- the revelation frame may allow the human eye to visualize a different coded image at a time, the observer's brain being able to reconstitute for example a movement or observe hidden information.
- the presence of metal layers on the revelation screen and / or on the combined image may allow the appearance of metal effects when the user opts for the inclination of the optical system.
- the metallic effect may, for example, reveal silvery, golden, coppery reflections, among others, depending on the metal.
- the separate observation of the revelation screen or of the combined image can reveal a first matt color (with non-metallic renderings), silver or gold for example, while the superimposition of the revelation screen and the combined image may show metallic reflections of the same or another color depending on whether the revelation screen and the combined image are respectively of the same color or of different colors. This is explained in particular by the fact that a minimum continuous metal surface is necessary to obtain the desired metallic (shiny) effect.
- the metal layers on the revelation screen and / or on the combined image may appear matte, that is to say without metallic effect.
- Such an effect makes it possible, for example, to bring clarity to the security element without its observation being disturbed by metallic reflections.
- Such an effect is for example obtained when the combined image is placed above the revelation frame on the side of the observer. More generally, the metallic effect is less when the combined image is placed above the revelation frame, on the observer's side.
- the invention can make it possible to reveal metallic effects which are attractive to the user and effective for use as a safety element.
- the security element can provide anti-photocopying security.
- the fineness of the revelation screen and / or the combined image especially less than 200 microns, can prevent reproduction by photocopying and also provide protection against the use of scanners.
- the anti-photocopy security can be double because it can be provided both by the fineness of the revelation screen and by the reflective, glossy and metallic appearance of the security element which is not reproducible by photocopy.
- the resolution of the combined image and / or the revelation frame can be directly related to the thickness of the substrate. It is greater than or equal to 800 dpi and preferably greater than 2000 dpi and more preferably greater than 3000 dpi.
- the revelation screen and / or the combined image can be as such of homogeneous appearance to the naked eye, given its fineness.
- the revelation screen may appear to the naked eye as having an appearance, in particular a uniform color, for example silver or gold depending on the metal chosen to make the revelation screen.
- a metal frame and / or a metallic image can bring clarity to the security element while ensuring an opacity equivalent to a frame and / or an image made with a non-reflective ink.
- the metal layer carried by the revelation screen and / or the combined image can reflect the light and thus bring more clarity to the image.
- the security element can be not only pleasant and interesting for the general public, but also easily visible and attractive, thus enabling easy and intuitive authentication on the part of the general public.
- the different images that the observer can see are other than images resulting from a phenomenon of spatial interference between two superposed networks, in other words a moiré effect.
- a moiré effect can result from an offset orientation of the superimposed arrays by a non-zero specific angle and can disappear when the arrays are exactly superimposed or are shifted by an angle different from the specific angle.
- the invention preferably seeks to avoid such an effect.
- the transition from observation of one coded image to another when the viewing angle varies can be done without a gradual transition.
- the combined image may be located on the side of a first face of the substrate and the revealing frame may be located on the side of a second face of the substrate, opposite to the first.
- the combined image and the revealing frame may be located on the side of a first face of the substrate.
- the security element may have on the side of a second face of the substrate, opposite to the first, a reflective surface for observing the coded images through the revelation frame.
- the combined image may be located between the revelation frame and the substrate.
- the reflecting surface is for example formed by a metallization of the second face of the substrate. This is for example a metal deposit of at least 200 ⁇ or a change in refractive index sufficient to cause reflection.
- the authentication and / or identification can be done by observation of the front or back side of the security element.
- the coded images can be observed in recto-side reflection, which coincides for example with the side of the revelation frame, but also with the back side.
- the security element is for example integrated in a security document, for example in windows, it may be advantageous to make both the front and back sides of the security element observable.
- the combined image and the revelation frame each advantageously comprise a metal layer.
- the layers can be made with the same metal or with different metals.
- the metal layer may have recesses or areas of zero thickness.
- the metal layer may be discontinuous.
- the metal layer may thus comprise a plurality of metallic patterns.
- the security element resulting from their superposition may have shiny metallic highlights. This effect is all the more surprising since the combined image or the revelation pattern observed alone has a matte homogeneous appearance without metallic reflection.
- the metal may be chosen for example from silver, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, tin, gold, copper, and from alloys of metals, such as brass or bronze.
- metal is also meant any dielectric material.
- the dielectric structures with mirror effect may consist of alternating layers of high and of low index, for example Hafnium dioxide and silica dioxide respectively, and may in particular be obtained by ion etching.
- the metal may be deposited by any deposit method known from the prior art.
- the metal may be deposited by chemical deposition or a vacuum deposition technique.
- the metal deposition may for example be carried out by cathodic sputtering on the substrate.
- the metal deposition can be carried out by any type of printing that can use metal inks, for example offset, intaglio, laser, gravure or screen printing.
- Deposition of the metal can be performed with a desired pattern using a mask directly on the substrate.
- the metal layer may alternatively be obtained with the desired pattern by partially demetallizing the previously metallized substrate at points or wefts having a suitable density.
- Demetallization can be carried out for example by etching or by removal of metallic particles made nonadherent, in particular by means of a laser.
- the metal layer may for example have a thickness greater than 150 ⁇ , especially between 200 and 1000 ⁇ .
- One of the combined image and the revelation screen may comprise a layer of a metal selected from silver, aluminum, nickel, tin, brass, among others, and the other may include a layer of a metal selected from copper, gold, bronze, among others.
- a metal selected from silver, aluminum, nickel, tin, brass, among others and the other may include a layer of a metal selected from copper, gold, bronze, among others.
- two different metals one carried by the combined image and the other by the revelation weft, it is possible to use two metals of different colors as described above, in particular such as aluminum and the copper. This provides additional security, especially because the effect and color obtained are not reproducible using a single metal.
- the metal layer (s) of the revelation screen and / or the combined image can be produced using metallizations and / or demetallizations. These metallizations and / or demetallizations can make it possible to avoid counterfeiting by printing.
- the security element is advantageously incorporated in a security document, in particular of the security thread type.
- the invention may in particular make it possible to secure security articles, in particular security documents, including paper fibers, such as banknotes bank or passport, with security features having a relatively small thickness.
- security articles in particular security documents, including paper fibers, such as banknotes bank or passport
- security features having a relatively small thickness.
- the coded images can represent information hidden and revealed successively by changing the observation angle of the optical system.
- the security element can be configured to allow the observation of the succession of several images when the viewing direction changes, which is also called "animation effect".
- animation is to be understood in the broad sense. It can be several images of the same object, representing different angles of view, to provide a 3D effect or relief, rather than a motion effect.
- the combined image may correspond to the decomposition of the movement of a pattern, for example text, alphanumeric signs, ideograms, an object, a person and / or an animal.
- Coded images (also called more simply nested images) may represent successive steps in the movement of a pattern, for example an object, a person and / or an animal.
- the coded images may be observable on the side of the first face and the side of the second face of the substrate.
- the revelation screen may have any contour of shape, for example circular, oval, star, polygonal, for example rectangular, square, hexagonal, pentagonal or diamond, among others.
- the outline of the revelation frame may for example represent a text, an alphanumeric sign, an ideogram, an object, a person and / or an animal.
- the optical system may appear in a window of a security document, the window being at least partially transparent or formed by a lack of material, for example the local absence of paper above or below the optical system.
- Examples of embodiment of windows in the security documents are for example described in GB 1 552 853 which discloses the creation of a window, in particular by means of transparency, laser cutting, abrasion or mechanical incision, EP 0 229 645 which describes the creation using masks of a window on one side or on both sides of a bijet paper, WO 2004/096482 which describes the creation of a window by laser cutting, CA 2,471 379 which describes the creation of a transparent window and association with a security element and WO 2008/006983 which describes the creation of a transparent window on a bijet paper.
- the window may be through and the security element may be at least partially located in the window.
- the observation of the coded images can be done on the front side and on the back side of the window.
- the combined image and / or the revelation weft can still be carried at least partially on the substrate by a printing process, for example offset, intaglio, laser, gravure or screen printing.
- the combined image and / or the revelation screen may be at least partially printed with colored inks or not, visible to the naked eye, under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR), opaque or luminescent, in particular fluorescent, thermochromic, photochromic, interferential effect, in particular iridescent, or optically variable depending on the angle of observation (gonochromatic), including liquid crystals, metallic or not, magnetic or not, among others.
- the combined image and / or the revelation screen can still be printed at least partially with liquid crystals, so that the coded images are for example visible only through a polarizer.
- the drawn pattern may constitute a magnetic signature allowing additional authentication of the substrate by detecting said signature.
- the optical system can be carried by a patch and / or a foil.
- the patch and / or the foil may comprise metallizations and / or demetallizations, for example of aluminum, or all types of prints.
- the optical system can still be carried by a security thread, embedded in the surface, mass or window (s) in a security article.
- the width of the security thread is for example between 3 and 20 mm, being for example equal to about 4 mm.
- the substrate of the optical system may comprise or consist of a thermoplastic material, for example a polyolefin, for example polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC ), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or a light collecting film by example of the "waveguide" type, for example a luminescent film based on polycarbonate marketed by Bayer under the name LISA ® .
- a polyolefin for example polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC ), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or a light collecting film by example of the "waveguide" type, for example a lumin
- the substrate may comprise cellulosic fibers and in particular paper.
- said substrate may be sufficiently translucent paper to allow revealing the coded images, including a tracing paper.
- the substrate may also be rendered transparent by application of a generally oily composition which permanently renders it transparent, for example a composition made of oil and transparent mineral material, as described in US Pat. US 2,021,141 , or for example a composition in the form of a wax combined with a solvent, as described in the patent US 1,479,437 .
- a generally oily composition which permanently renders it transparent, for example a composition made of oil and transparent mineral material, as described in US Pat. US 2,021,141 , or for example a composition in the form of a wax combined with a solvent, as described in the patent US 1,479,437 .
- the substrate can also be made transparent by locally applying a wax by heat transfer, as described in FIG. US Patent 5,118,526 .
- the substrate prefferably uses a fibrous layer comprising a hot-melt material, for example polyethylene, as described in patent EP 0 203 499 , which under the local action of heat will see its transparency vary.
- a hot-melt material for example polyethylene
- the revelation screen and the combined image may be present respectively on either side of the substrate and it may, in this case in particular, be advantageous to produce the revelation screen and / or the image combined each with at least two images.
- superposed metal layers of different colors for example two superimposed metal layers each having a different appearance from each other, in particular silvered, gilded or copper-plated, so that on the reverse side the coded images are observed from one first color and front side of a second color.
- the revelation frame and / or the combined image may be monochromatic or polychromatic.
- at least one coded image of the combined image may be monochromatic or polychromatic.
- the nested encoded images can still be made at least in part with thermochromic and / or photochromic inks. In this way, only a part of the coded images can for example be observable under predefined lighting and / or temperature conditions.
- the combined image and / or the revelation frame can be made with different colors. In this way, it may be possible to obtain a colored animation effect when observing the coded images.
- all nested coded images of the combined image may have the same color and the revelation frame a different color.
- the nested encoded images of the combined image may have different colors and the revelation field may have a different color than the nested encoded or color-like images of at least one of the nested encoded images.
- the revelation frame and / or the combined image may or may not be opaque.
- the revelation screen and / or the combined image may be at least partially translucent or transparent and for example colored or absorbent at a given wavelength in the UV or IR.
- the security element may also comprise two revelation frames associated respectively with two combined images, the orientation of the bands of one of the revelation frames being different from that of the other revelation frame.
- the strips are non-rectilinear, their orientation is defined by the general direction in which they extend.
- the security element may comprise two revealing frames juxtaposed or not, superimposed or not, with bands having different orientations or not.
- One of the revelation frames may be wholly or partially surrounded by the other revelation frame.
- the possible area of superposition of the revelation frames may reveal a grid pattern when the bands of the revelation frames have different orientations.
- the thickness of the substrate is for example between 10 ⁇ m and 1 mm, in particular between 6 ⁇ m and 1 mm, preferably between 6 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 and 100 ⁇ m, being for example between 30 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m. .mu.m. It can still be less than 50 microns, especially 25 microns.
- the period of the revelation frame and / or the combined image is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the substrate.
- a security element with a resolution of the combined image and / or the revelation frame greater than or equal to 800 dpi, as well as with a substrate thickness and a period relationship of the revelation frame and / or the combined image and thickness of the substrate as described above can provide an animation visible to the naked eye, despite the fineness of the frame and the combined image, and enhance the safety of the device vis-à-vis - photocopies of the latter.
- the number of interleaved coded images is, for example, between 2 and 15, in particular between 2 and 5, preferably being greater than or equal to 3.
- the distance between two elements constituting the same coded image may be between 2 ⁇ m and 1 mm, in particular between 10 .mu.m and 1 mm, preferably being substantially equal to the period of the revealing frame.
- the width of a constituent element of a coded image is preferably less than or equal to 500 ⁇ m, better 100 ⁇ m.
- the width of an opacifying strip of the revealing frame is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the substrate, especially at 1 mm.
- the revelation screen may comprise opacifying strips with parallel edges, possibly non-rectilinear.
- the presence of opacifying tapes with non-rectilinear edges may make it more difficult for the counterfeiter to reproduce the optical system.
- the security element may also comprise a revelation frame comprising at least a first fluorescent zone capable of fluorescently emitting, in a predefined lighting condition, a visible light of a first color, and a combined image comprising at least a second fluorescent zone capable of emitting fluorescence, in the predefined lighting condition, a visible light of a second color, different from the first, at least one of the first and second fluorescent zones, in particular both, being at least partially opaque, at least in the predefined illumination condition, and the first and second fluorescent zones overlapping at least partially so that, in the predefined illumination condition, light passing successively through the two fluorescent zones presents a third color different from the first and second colors.
- the security element may use the principle described in the international application WO 2006/051231 .
- the predefined lighting condition can in particular correspond to ultraviolet lighting, especially near-visible wavelength or infrared lighting, depending on the fluorescent compounds used. At least one of the first and second fluorescent zones, in particular both, may be substantially colorless in white light.
- the fluorescent zone (s) of the revelation screen and / or the combined image may be fluorescent prints that are superposed or not on the metal layers.
- the metal layers of the revelation frame and / or the image combined can still include non-metallized areas in which are formed fluorescent areas.
- the security element may include a plurality of optical systems associated with different observation directions.
- the security element may comprise an alternation of optical systems associated with two respective perpendicular directions, in particular optical systems whose respective revelation frames have perpendicular orientations.
- the security element may be totally or partially covered with invisible material in "normal" illumination, ie when illuminated by daylight or an artificial light source.
- This invisible material in normal illumination is for example a visible material under a specific illumination, especially a luminescent material, for example a fluorescent or phosphorescent material visible under UV or IR illumination.
- this material may comprise nematic liquid crystals visible on a reflective background (the frame and / or the image and / or the bottom then being reflective) with a polarizing filter, in particular circular.
- Total or partial coverage by such an invisible material in "normal" illumination may provide additional security in the form of a pattern, for example a word, acronym, code, symbol, image, alphanumeric character or ideogram.
- said invisible material in "normal” illumination does not cover the security element but is arranged in the frame and the image, being then partially but sufficiently observable.
- a second level security element is defined below.
- the security element may thus include the bottom, the latter being located so that the revealing frame is between the bottom and the substrate, or the combined image is between the substrate and the bottom.
- the bottom may still be independent of the security element.
- the user can place the security element or the security article nearby, better in contact with the background, the latter being colored or not.
- the bottom may consist of any substrate, preferably being flattened, for example a sheet of paper or a cardboard.
- the bottom may be arranged in such a way that the user can observe the side of the security element having the revealing frame or the side having the combined image.
- Observation in the presence of the background may allow the appearance of a contrast effect between the background, the combined image and the revelation frame. It may be a color contrast resulting in particular from the use of a combined image, a revelation frame and a background of different colors. It can also be a contrast image animated / fixed background, for example from the use of a background representing a still image, including a landscape or a still image similar to one of the images constituting the animation . The background thus highlights the "animation effect" described above.
- the bottom may comprise at least one luminescent element, for example fluorescent and / or phosphorescent.
- the effect can be observed under predefined lighting, for example UV or IR.
- the bottom may still include a layer of metal.
- the contrast effect can also be achieved without the presence of the background, including the simple fact of using a light source when the security element is observed in transvision on the side of the combined image or on the side of the image.
- the revelation plot Indeed, the light source can play the same role as a colored background and allow the appearance of a contrast effect by the combination of the different colors of the light source, the combined image and the image frame. revelation.
- the combined image and the revelation frame may have the same color, and the background may be different in color, in particular being more contrasted.
- the optical system may comprise at least two combined images and a single frame allowing, during a change of the observation angle, to successively observe the nested images of the two combined images.
- the two combined images may be arranged in such a way that a relative movement of one image combined with the other is perceived by a user upon a change in the viewing direction of the security element relative to the system. optical.
- the substrate may comprise at least two distinct layers and the optical system may comprise at least two combined images, one of them being arranged facing one another, in particular on one external face of one of the layers of the substrate and the other combined image being disposed between the two layers.
- the two layers of the substrate may have the same thickness. These two layers can be transparent.
- Each combined image may comprise a plurality of nested encoded images.
- Each combined image may comprise the same number of coded images and / or each combined image may have the same resolution, in particular one of the resolution values mentioned above and / or the distance between two elements constituting the same coded image of the first combined image may be equal to the distance between two constituent elements of the same coded image of the second combined image.
- the invention further relates, in another aspect, to a security article, including a security document, incorporating a security element as defined above.
- a security article may incorporate paper fibers.
- the front and back sides of the security element can advantageously be observable on the security article.
- a security article in particular a security document, in which the revelation frame, or preferably one or more coded images (coded image or original image before coding). , is made with a pattern, for example wavy opacifying strips, and the same pattern is made elsewhere on the article, incorporating a security element as defined above.
- the security article may also comprise a perforation in which the security element is placed at least partially, the latter corresponding, for example, to the juxtaposition of two sub-elements, in particular in the form of foils or patches, respectively comprising a frame of revelation and the corresponding combined image.
- the sub-elements may at least partially cover the edges of the perforation, with or without thickness compensation.
- the security article may further comprise a revelation frame or a combined image made in the form of prints and a sub-element, in particular in the form of a foil or patch, at least partially covering the impressions formed, the sub-element comprising the combined image or the corresponding revelation frame.
- the prints of the combined image may for example be made on the surface of the security article.
- the or each sub-element may comprise a transparent or translucent substrate.
- each sub-element in particular the patch or the foil, may be incorporated into the security article by gluing or by incorporation into the fibrous substrate of the article during its manufacture.
- the invention further relates to a method according to claim 15.
- the observation can for example be made front and back sides of the substrate.
- the article or object, or even the security element, especially in the form of a wire, a patch or a security foil, may include one or more other security elements, as defined below.
- security elements some are detectable to the naked eye, in daylight or artificial light, without the use of a particular device.
- These security elements comprise for example colored fibers or boards, fully or partially printed or metallized wires. These security elements are called first level.
- security elements are detectable only with a relatively simple device, such as a lamp emitting in the ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR).
- UV ultraviolet
- IR infrared
- These security elements comprise, for example, fibers, boards, strips, wires or particles. These security elements may be visible to the naked eye or not, being for example luminescent under a lighting of a Wood lamp emitting in a wavelength of 365 nm. These security elements are said to be second level.
- security elements still require for their detection a more sophisticated detection device.
- These security elements are for example capable of generating a specific signal when they are subjected, simultaneously or not, to one or more external excitation sources. Automatic signal detection allows to authenticate, if necessary, the document.
- These security elements comprise, for example, tracers in the form of active materials, particles or fibers capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation. These security elements are said to be third level.
- Security features within the security article may have first, second, and / or third level security features.
- the security element may comprise a fluorescent printing under UV illumination.
- the first-level security provided by the security element according to the invention can thus be supplemented by second-level security, in particular a pattern, observed under UV illumination.
- FIG. 1 a security element 1 made according to the invention, which comprises a non-opaque substrate 2, for example perfectly transparent, having a first face 2a carrying a plurality of coded images I 1 , I 2 , ..., I n imbricated , the constituent elements 3 of these images being for example in the form of continuous or discontinuous lines, most often discontinuous.
- the set of coded images I 1 ,..., I n forms a combined image 1, as can be seen in FIG. figure 3 .
- the second face 2b of the substrate 2, opposite the first, carries a revelation screen 4 (also called decomposition filter) comprising opacifying strips 5 (or lines).
- a revelation screen 4 also called decomposition filter
- the revelation screen 4 is composed of a periodic pattern, in this case the opacifying strip 5, of constant p period, as can be seen on the figure 2 .
- the periodicity is observed parallel to the direction of the relative displacement X between the optical system and the observer to observe the different coded images.
- the simplest embodiment of the revealing frame 4 is a succession of opacifying strips 5 of constant width at regular intervals, as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 .
- the period p corresponds to the sum of the width of an opacifying strip 5 and of a transparent interval between two consecutive opacifying strips 5.
- each of the opacifying strips 5 is oriented perpendicularly to the relative displacement axis X.
- the constituent elements 3 of the coded images and the opacifying tapes 5 are formed by layers of metal, for example aluminum, but it could be otherwise. For example, other metals could be used.
- the constituent elements 3 and the opacifying strips 5 could be made with different metals.
- the revelation weft 4 may comprise other patterns than strips of constant width with straight and parallel edges, such as crenellations or corrugations, as illustrated respectively in FIGS. Figures 6A and 6B .
- N is the total number of coded images
- the transparent intervals 8 of the revelation frame 4 may allow, if desired, to reveal a single image at a time.
- a coded image then corresponds to the portions of the combined image present in the transparent gaps of the frame for a given viewing angle.
- Each coded picture can be visible by shifting the observation of the width of a transparent interval 8.
- figure 5 the appearance of the different images I 1 to I 4 , when the observation angle represented on the figure 1 , relative to the optical system, changes.
- the animation corresponding to the coded images can be revealed in reflection, revealing frame side or combined image side.
- the period p is preferably less than or equal to approximately the thickness e of the substrate, as shown in FIG. figure 1 .
- a safety wire generally has a maximum thickness of 50 microns, which corresponds to a frame of less than or equal to 50 microns period.
- the lines 3 composing the nested images will have a width of less than or equal to 12.5 ⁇ m.
- the system for forming the combined image then has a minimum resolution of (2.54 ⁇ 10 -2 ) / (12.5 ⁇ 10 -6 ), i.e., 2032 dots per inch (dpi dpi).
- the period p of the frame is less than 100 microns and the constituent elements in the form of lines 3 composing the coded images are less than 33 microns, in the case of three images by animation.
- a width of 12.5 ⁇ m corresponds to about 2000 dpi, which is a limit for conventional printers that generally have a maximum definition of 600 dpi, or 1200 dpi, which is a factor of security, including copy protection or anti-photocopy.
- a substrate whose thickness e is less than or equal to 30 ⁇ m, better 25 ⁇ m, for example between 20 and 30 ⁇ m, or even 20 and 25 ⁇ m, limits included or excluded.
- a sufficiently fine revelation frame makes it possible to provide anti-photocopying security and the existence of several coded images having details to be viewed according to different observation directions also creates a protection against the use of scanners.
- a sufficiently fine revelation screen appears homogeneous appearance, for example gray when using opacifying bands in a silver metal.
- the animation can be preserved, with coded images of scale greater than one millimeter, which contrast with the homogeneous appearance of the frame.
- the nested images can be successively visible during a loading of the viewing angle.
- Resolutions over 2000 dpi, or 3000 dpi, can help secure the device.
- Figures 14A and 14B greatly enlarged, an exemplary security document 10 comprising a plurality of security elements 1 according to the invention.
- the figure 14A represents the observation of the security document 10 after photocopying
- the Figure 14B represents the observation of the document 10 before photocopying.
- the invention provides a high anti-photocopy security.
- the revelation screen may be fine enough to provide a homogeneous coloring effect during the observation, contrary to what is observed on the screen.
- Figure 14B which is greatly enlarged.
- the optical system can operate in transmitted or reflected light, it can be used for windows or wires introduced into windows, for example in a banknote.
- the back side 2a of the substrate 2 is reflective or semi-reflective and the front face 2b has the combined image 1.
- the reflecting face can be made by a metallization.
- the reflecting face can for example define a text.
- This variant has the particular feature of allowing the coded images to be produced with a definition that is less than half the size, but requires a registration between the coded images and the revelation frame, because the revelation frame covers the lines of the combined image on the outside.
- Each opacifying band 5 can cover the constituent elements 3 of several coded images.
- the combined image I and / or the revelation screen 4 may in addition to the metal used be at least partially formed by printing, laser marking, lithography or any other technique for fixing or displaying an image. For example, prints can be made in superposition or not to the metal layers.
- liquid crystal inks for example to at least partially print the combined image I.
- the animation, to be revealed may then require, in addition to the decomposition frame, the use of a polarizing filter, which may be present on the document or the substrate, or not.
- the combined image 1 can be obtained at least partially by micro-photolithography of the wire and the revelation screen 4 can be made at least partially thanks to a UV offset printing performed in a second step, when printing the document.
- the revelation frame 4 may be associated, where appropriate, with a printing design of the document.
- the pattern of the revelation screen 4 may be printed elsewhere than in superposition with the combined image I, on the document, on the same scale or on a different scale.
- the revealing frame 4 may overflow the security element 1 and extend over the security document 10, as illustrated in FIG. figure 11 .
- This double staining can still be performed at least partially by demetallization or photolithography, for example.
- One color may correspond to the choice of a first metal, for example gold, and the other color may correspond to the choice of a second metal of different appearance, for example silver. Colors can also be obtained by printing on metallized areas or not.
- the revealing frame 4 comprises superimposed opacifying strips 5a and 5b respectively of a first color C 1 and a second color C 2 , the opacifying bands 5a of color C 1 being external.
- the elements 3 of the combined image 1 are printed respectively with the two colors C 1 and C 2 superimposed, the color elements C 2 being external.
- the order of color superposition can be the same on each side of the substrate 2.
- the choice of the color pair C 1 / C 2 may correspond to the choice of the pair of aluminum / copper metals.
- One possibility for varying the observation direction of the optical system may be to deform the substrate, for example around a folding axis, as illustrated in FIG. figure 9 .
- optical systems for example having the shape of small squares or rectangles of a few millimeters of sides, may be present on the same security thread 20, as illustrated in FIGS. figures 10 and 12 .
- Rotating a quarter-turn of an optical system 1 out of two may make it possible to obtain a wire producing animations from relative movements of the wire in the two main axes Y 1 and Y 2 relative to the observer.
- the document 10 may comprise at least two windows 31 and 32 for respectively observing each of the faces of the wire, in reflection.
- the coded images are observable through the revealing frame 4 on the side of the window 31 and with the revealing frame as background, on the side of the window 32.
- the document substrate especially at the level of the windows 31 and 32, may also have an opacity allowing the observation of the coded images on both sides of the security document, being for example at least partially transparent.
- the document 10 may also include a through window 31, as shown in FIG. figure 13D , the security element 1 being located at least partially in this window. In this way, it would be possible to observe the coded images of both the front side and the back side of the security document 10.
- the security element in the form of a security thread can still be incorporated into a security document 10 which has an alternation of windows 31 and 32 on the front and back sides, as shown in FIG. figure 13C . It is thus possible to observe the coded images of both the front side and the back side of the security document 10 at the windows 31 and 32.
- the observation of the security element 1 can be done through the use of a bottom 30 on which the security element 1 is placed or which belongs to the security element.
- the face 2b of the security element 1 comprising the revealing frame 4 may be in contact with the bottom 30, as shown in FIG. figure 15 .
- the face 2a of the security element 1 comprising the combined image 1 may be in contact with the bottom 30, as shown in FIG. figure 16 .
- the revealing frame 4 is silver in color
- the combined image 1 is copper-colored
- the bottom 30 is white in color.
- the user can thus observe a revealing frame 4 of silver color and a spiral of copper color in contrast with the colors of the revelation frame and the background.
- the user can thus successively observe the coded images appearing as a mixture of silver color and copper color.
- the contrast effect obtained can also result from the observation in transvision of the security element 1 facing a light source 31, for example solar light, as illustrated in FIG. figure 16 .
- this exemplary embodiment illustrates the possibility of producing a revelation frame 4 and a combined image 1 so that the coded images can be observable in the two main directions of inclination of the security element 1, especially in the sense of width and length.
- the revelation screen 4 can thus result from the combination of two frames 4a and 4b having bands extending along perpendicular axes, as can be seen in FIG. figure 17 .
- the combined image 1 may result from the combination of combined images Ia and Ib which respectively correspond to the combined images associated with the frames 4a and 4b.
- the animation effect obtained can thus be observed in at least two directions of inclination of the security element 1.
- FIG 18 We have shown on the figure 18 an example of a security article 10 comprising a perforation 40 in which at least two sub-elements are placed, in particular in the form of foils or patches, 41 and 42 to form a security element 1 according to the invention.
- the sub-element 41 comprises for example a revealing frame 4 and the sub-element 42 comprises for example the corresponding combined image 1.
- the security article 10 comprises a combined image 1 made in the form of impressions on the surface of the security article 10.
- a sub-element, in particular in the form of a foil or patch, 43 is placed on the prints constituting the combined image I, the sub-element 43 comprising the corresponding revelation frame 4.
- the security element 1 differs from that of the figure 1 in that it comprises two non-opaque, for example perfectly transparent, substrate layers 2 and two combined images 1 and I '.
- the two substrate layers here have the same thickness, for example 25 microns.
- the first combined image 1 is arranged opposite the face 2b of the security element and represents for example a pattern such as a cloud.
- the second combined image I ' is disposed between the two substrate layers 2 and represents in the example in question a pattern such as a horse.
- the period p of the revelation frame is in the example considered equal to the thickness of a substrate layer, that is to say to 25 microns.
- the nested images I i and I ' i forming respectively the first and the second combined image are in the example of the figure 20 arranged in the same way so that when changing the viewing angle from the face 2a of the security element, the pattern represented by the second combined image I 'will move twice as slowly as the pattern represented by the first combined image 1 since only half as many nested images I ' i as nested images I i will have been visualized by the eye.
- This example makes it possible to demonstrate the possibility with the invention of obtaining a movement effect between the patterns represented on the nested images.
- Such an effect, which can still be described as "effect of depth" is for example similar to that provided by the "differential scrolling" of the first video games.
- the example of figure 20 may be obtained by assembling, in particular by gluing, different substrate layers 2.
- the example of the figure 20 is obtained from a laser-markable monolayer substrate in which at least the combined image 1 is formed in the substrate by exposure to laser radiation.
- the combined image I 'and / or the revelation screen are in particular printed or labeled by laser irradiation.
- the use of the laser makes it possible to mark said laser-marked substrate at the desired depth, and also to mark said substrate at at least two depths. (Thicknesses) different, for example to form in a monolayer substrate at least two of the revelation frame and the combined images.
- the invention is not limited to the illustrated examples.
- the security element can be realized with other first, second or third level security, for example.
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Description
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des éléments de sécurité servant à l'authentification et/ou l'identification d'articles, de documents ou d'objets divers.The present invention relates to the field of security elements used for authentication and / or identification of articles, documents or various objects.
Afin de se prémunir de contrefaçons ou de falsifications et afin d'augmenter le niveau de sécurisation, il est connu d'utiliser des éléments de sécurité appliqués en surface ou introduits en masse ou en fenêtre(s) dans un article de sécurité, notamment un document de sécurité, ou autre objet, par exemple une étiquette, un emballage, notamment pour des médicaments, des aliments, des cosmétiques, des pièces électroniques ou des pièces détachées.In order to guard against counterfeiting or falsification and in order to increase the level of security, it is known to use security elements applied on the surface or introduced in bulk or in windows in a security article, in particular a security article. security document, or other object, for example a label, packaging, especially for drugs, food, cosmetics, electronic parts or spare parts.
L'article de sécurité peut notamment être choisi parmi un moyen de paiement, tel qu'un billet de banque, un chèque ou un ticket restaurant, un document d'identité telle qu'une carte d'identité, un visa, un passeport ou un permis de conduire, un ticket de loterie, un titre de transport ou encore un ticket d'entrée à des manifestations.The security article may in particular be chosen from among a means of payment, such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket, an identity document such as an identity card, a visa, a passport or a driving license, a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to events.
La révélation d'images animées par un effet de parallaxe est connue depuis un grand nombre d'années.The revelation of animated images by a parallax effect has been known for a great many years.
Plusieurs brevets reposant sur ce principe ont été déposés, par exemple
On connaît des procédés de création d'illusions de mouvement tels que décrits dans les documents
On connaît encore par les publications
Il est connu de réaliser des éléments de sécurité avec des réseaux lenticulaires associés à des impressions spécifiques, afin de produire des effets de mouvements. La société SECURENCY en commercialise sous la marque MOTION®.It is known to make security elements with lenticular arrays associated with specific impressions, in order to produce movement effects. The SECURENCY company markets under the MOTION ® brand.
Il existe un besoin pour bénéficier d'éléments de sécurité comportant un système optique capable de produire des effets optiques pouvant contribuer à l'authentification ou l'identification d'un article ou objet, et dont l'incorporation éventuelle dans un article ou objet tel qu'un papier puisse se faire relativement aisément.There is a need to benefit from security elements having an optical system capable of producing optical effects that can contribute to the authentication or identification of an article or object, and the possible incorporation into an article or object such as that a paper can be done relatively easily.
L'invention a pour objet, selon un premier de ses aspects, un élément de sécurité selon la revendication 1.The object of the invention is, according to a first of its aspects, a security element according to
L'image combinée peut comporter au moins deux images codées imbriquées. De préférence, elle comporte au moins trois images codées imbriquées afin d'accentuer l'effet visuel d'animation lors d'observations successives des images codées par changement de la direction d'observation de l'élément de sécurité relativement au système optique.The combined image may include at least two nested encoded images. Preferably, it comprises at least three nested coded images in order to accentuate the visual animation effect during successive observations of the coded images by changing the observation direction of the security element relative to the optical system.
La révélation des images codées peut se faire par effet de parallaxe.The revelation of the coded images can be done by parallax effect.
L'invention offre de nouvelles possibilités d'authentifier et/ou d'identifier un article ou objet portant l'élément de sécurité, par exemple un document de sécurité.The invention offers new possibilities to authenticate and / or identify an article or object carrying the security element, for example a security document.
L'utilisateur peut, en faisant varier l'inclinaison du système optique, faire apparaître une succession d'images, ce qui permet de créer un effet d'animation par exemple.The user can, by varying the inclination of the optical system, show a succession of images, which can create an animation effect for example.
La trame de révélation peut permettre à l'oeil humain de visualiser une image codée différente à la fois, le cerveau de l'observateur pouvant reconstituer par exemple un mouvement ou observer une information cachée.The revelation frame may allow the human eye to visualize a different coded image at a time, the observer's brain being able to reconstitute for example a movement or observe hidden information.
La présence de couches de métal sur la trame de révélation et/ou sur l'image combinée peut permettre l'apparition d'effets métalliques lors de l'inclinaison du système optique par l'utilisateur. L'effet métallique peut par exemple faire apparaître des reflets argentés, dorés, cuivrés, entre autres, en fonction du métal. En particulier, l'observation séparée de la trame de révélation ou de l'image combinée peut faire apparaître une première couleur mat (avec des rendus non métalliques), argentée ou dorée par exemple, alors que la superposition de la trame de révélation et de l'image combinée peut faire apparaître des reflets métalliques de la même ou d'une autre couleur selon que la trame de révélation et l'image combinée sont respectivement de la même couleur ou de couleurs différentes. Ceci s'explique notamment par le fait qu'une surface métallique continue minimale est nécessaire pour obtenir l'effet métallique (brillant) souhaité.The presence of metal layers on the revelation screen and / or on the combined image may allow the appearance of metal effects when the user opts for the inclination of the optical system. The metallic effect may, for example, reveal silvery, golden, coppery reflections, among others, depending on the metal. In particular, the separate observation of the revelation screen or of the combined image can reveal a first matt color (with non-metallic renderings), silver or gold for example, while the superimposition of the revelation screen and the the combined image may show metallic reflections of the same or another color depending on whether the revelation screen and the combined image are respectively of the same color or of different colors. This is explained in particular by the fact that a minimum continuous metal surface is necessary to obtain the desired metallic (shiny) effect.
Selon une autre variante les couches de métal sur la trame de révélation et/ou sur l'image combinée peuvent apparaître mates, c'est-à-dire sans effet métallique. Un tel effet permet par exemple d'apporter de la clarté à l'élément de sécurité sans que son observation ne soit perturbée par des reflets métalliques. Un tel effet est par exemple obtenu lorsque l'image combinée est placée au-dessus de la trame de révélation du côté de l'observateur. Plus généralement, l'effet métallique est moindre lorsque l'image combinée est placée au-dessus de la trame de révélation, du côté de l'observateur.According to another variant, the metal layers on the revelation screen and / or on the combined image may appear matte, that is to say without metallic effect. Such an effect makes it possible, for example, to bring clarity to the security element without its observation being disturbed by metallic reflections. Such an effect is for example obtained when the combined image is placed above the revelation frame on the side of the observer. More generally, the metallic effect is less when the combined image is placed above the revelation frame, on the observer's side.
L'invention peut permettre de faire apparaître des effets métalliques attractifs pour l'utilisateur et efficaces pour une utilisation en tant qu'élément de sécurité.The invention can make it possible to reveal metallic effects which are attractive to the user and effective for use as a safety element.
L'élément de sécurité peut apporter une sécurité anti-photocopie. En particulier, la finesse de la trame de révélation et/ou de l'image combinée, notamment inférieure à 200 µm, peut empêcher une reproduction par photocopie et assurer aussi une protection contre l'utilisation de scanners. La sécurité anti-photocopie peut être double car elle peut être apportée à la fois par la finesse de la trame de révélation et par l'aspect réfléchissant, brillant et métallique de l'élément de sécurité qui n'est pas reproductible par photocopie.The security element can provide anti-photocopying security. In particular, the fineness of the revelation screen and / or the combined image, especially less than 200 microns, can prevent reproduction by photocopying and also provide protection against the use of scanners. The anti-photocopy security can be double because it can be provided both by the fineness of the revelation screen and by the reflective, glossy and metallic appearance of the security element which is not reproducible by photocopy.
La résolution de l'image combinée et/ou de la trame de révélation peut être directement liée à l'épaisseur du substrat. Elle est supérieure ou égale à 800 dpi et de préférence supérieure à 2000 dpi et plus préférentiellement supérieure à 3000 dpi.The resolution of the combined image and / or the revelation frame can be directly related to the thickness of the substrate. It is greater than or equal to 800 dpi and preferably greater than 2000 dpi and more preferably greater than 3000 dpi.
La trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peut être en tant que telle d'aspect homogène à l'oeil nu, compte tenu de sa finesse. En particulier, la trame de révélation peut apparaître à l'oeil nu comme ayant un aspect, notamment une couleur, uniforme, par exemple argentée ou dorée en fonction du métal choisi pour réaliser la trame de révélation.The revelation screen and / or the combined image can be as such of homogeneous appearance to the naked eye, given its fineness. In particular, the revelation screen may appear to the naked eye as having an appearance, in particular a uniform color, for example silver or gold depending on the metal chosen to make the revelation screen.
La possibilité d'avoir une trame de révélation d'aspect homogène à l'oeil nu de par sa finesse et mat, et le fait de révéler des images codées, notamment reproduisant une animation, avec des effets métalliques (donc brillants) peuvent rendre l'élément de sécurité selon l'invention plaisant et intéressant pour le grand public. En effet, les procédés mis en oeuvre pour la réalisation de la couche de métal de la trame de révélation permettent notamment une très bonne résolution, en particulier meilleure que celle obtenue grâce à des techniques d'impression accessibles au grand public, et c'est notamment pour cela que la trame de révélation apparaît d'aspect homogène à l'oeil nu.The possibility of having a revelation pattern of homogeneous appearance to the naked eye due to its fineness and dullness, and the fact of revealing coded images, in particular reproducing an animation, with metallic effects (thus brilliant) can make the security element according to the invention pleasant and interesting for the general public. Indeed, the methods used for producing the metal layer of the revelation frame notably allow a very good resolution, in particular better than that obtained by printing techniques accessible to the general public, and it is in particular for that the revelation screen appears homogeneous appearance to the naked eye.
L'emploi d'une trame métallique et/ou d'une image métallique peuvent apporter de la clarté à l'élément de sécurité tout en garantissant une opacité équivalente à une trame et/ou une image réalisées avec une encre non réfléchissante.The use of a metal frame and / or a metallic image can bring clarity to the security element while ensuring an opacity equivalent to a frame and / or an image made with a non-reflective ink.
La couche de métal portée par la trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peut réfléchir la lumière et apporter donc plus de clarté à l'image. De la sorte, l'élément de sécurité peut être non seulement plaisant et intéressant pour le grand public, mais également facilement visible et attirant, permettant ainsi une authentification aisée et intuitive de la part du grand public.The metal layer carried by the revelation screen and / or the combined image can reflect the light and thus bring more clarity to the image. In this way, the security element can be not only pleasant and interesting for the general public, but also easily visible and attractive, thus enabling easy and intuitive authentication on the part of the general public.
Dans l'invention, les différentes images que l'observateur peut voir sont autres que dés images résultant d'un phénomène d'interférences spatiales entre deux réseaux superposés, autrement dit un effet de moiré. Un tel effet peut résulter d'une orientation décalée des réseaux superposés d'un angle spécifique non nul et peut disparaître lorsque les réseaux sont exactement superposés ou sont décalés d'un angle différent de l'angle spécifique. L'invention cherche de préférence à éviter un tel effet. Le passage de l'observation d'une image codée à une autre quand l'angle d'observation varie peut s'effectuer sans transition progressive.In the invention, the different images that the observer can see are other than images resulting from a phenomenon of spatial interference between two superposed networks, in other words a moiré effect. Such an effect can result from an offset orientation of the superimposed arrays by a non-zero specific angle and can disappear when the arrays are exactly superimposed or are shifted by an angle different from the specific angle. The invention preferably seeks to avoid such an effect. The transition from observation of one coded image to another when the viewing angle varies can be done without a gradual transition.
L'image combinée peut être située du côté d'une première face du substrat et la trame de révélation peut être située du côté d'une deuxième face du substrat, opposée à la première.The combined image may be located on the side of a first face of the substrate and the revealing frame may be located on the side of a second face of the substrate, opposite to the first.
En variante, l'image combinée et la trame de révélation peuvent être situées du côté d'une première face du substrat. L'élément de sécurité peut comporter du côté d'une deuxième face du substrat, opposée à la première, une surface réfléchissante permettant d'observer les images codées à travers la trame de révélation. En particulier, l'image combinée peut être située entre la trame de révélation et le substrat.Alternatively, the combined image and the revealing frame may be located on the side of a first face of the substrate. The security element may have on the side of a second face of the substrate, opposite to the first, a reflective surface for observing the coded images through the revelation frame. In particular, the combined image may be located between the revelation frame and the substrate.
La surface réfléchissante est par exemple formée par une métallisation de la deuxième face du substrat. Il s'agit par exemple d'un dépôt de métal de 200 Å d'épaisseur au moins ou d'un changement d'indice de réfraction suffisant pour provoquer une réflexion.The reflecting surface is for example formed by a metallization of the second face of the substrate. This is for example a metal deposit of at least 200 Å or a change in refractive index sufficient to cause reflection.
L'authentification et/ou l'identification peut se faire par observation de la face recto ou verso de l'élément de sécurité.The authentication and / or identification can be done by observation of the front or back side of the security element.
Notamment lorsque la trame de révélation et l'image combinée sont présentes respectivement de part et d'autre du substrat, les images codées peuvent être observées en réflexion côté recto, lequel coïncide par exemple avec le côté de la trame de révélation, mais également du côté verso. Lorsque l'élément de sécurité est par exemple intégré à un document de sécurité, par exemple en fenêtres, il peut être avantageux de rendre observables à la fois les côtés recto et verso de l'élément de sécurité.In particular, when the revelation frame and the combined image are respectively present on either side of the substrate, the coded images can be observed in recto-side reflection, which coincides for example with the side of the revelation frame, but also with the back side. When the security element is for example integrated in a security document, for example in windows, it may be advantageous to make both the front and back sides of the security element observable.
L'image combinée et la trame de révélation comportent avantageusement chacune une couche de métal. Les couches peuvent être réalisées avec un même métal ou encore avec des métaux différents.The combined image and the revelation frame each advantageously comprise a metal layer. The layers can be made with the same metal or with different metals.
La couche de métal peut comporter des évidements ou des zones d'épaisseur nulle. La couche de métal peut être discontinue. La couche de métal peut ainsi comporter une pluralité de motifs métalliques.The metal layer may have recesses or areas of zero thickness. The metal layer may be discontinuous. The metal layer may thus comprise a plurality of metallic patterns.
Lorsque l'image combinée et la trame de révélation comportent chacune une couche de métal, l'élément de sécurité résultant de leur superposition peut présenter des reflets métalliques brillants. Cet effet est d'autant plus surprenant que l'image combinée ou la trame de révélation observée seule présente un aspect homogène mat sans reflet métallique.When the combined image and the revelation frame each comprise a metal layer, the security element resulting from their superposition may have shiny metallic highlights. This effect is all the more surprising since the combined image or the revelation pattern observed alone has a matte homogeneous appearance without metallic reflection.
Le métal peut être choisi par exemple parmi l'argent, l'aluminium, le nickel, le cobalt, l'étain, l'or, le cuivre, et parmi les alliages de métaux, notamment tels que le laiton ou le bronze.The metal may be chosen for example from silver, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, tin, gold, copper, and from alloys of metals, such as brass or bronze.
Par métal, on entend également tout matériau diélectrique. Les structures diélectriques à effet miroir peuvent être constituées d'une alternance de couches de haut et de bas indice, par exemple respectivement du dioxyde d'Hafnium et du dioxyde de Silice, et peuvent notamment être obtenues par gravure ionique.By metal is also meant any dielectric material. The dielectric structures with mirror effect may consist of alternating layers of high and of low index, for example Hafnium dioxide and silica dioxide respectively, and may in particular be obtained by ion etching.
Le métal peut être déposé par tout procédé de dépôt connu de l'art antérieur. En particulier, le métal peut être déposé par dépôt par voie chimique ou une technique de dépôt sous vide. Le dépôt de métal peut par exemple être réalisé par pulvérisation cathodique sur le substrat.The metal may be deposited by any deposit method known from the prior art. In particular, the metal may be deposited by chemical deposition or a vacuum deposition technique. The metal deposition may for example be carried out by cathodic sputtering on the substrate.
Le dépôt de métal peut être effectué par tout type d'impression pouvant utiliser des encres métalliques, par exemple offset, taille douce, laser, héliogravure ou sérigraphie.The metal deposition can be carried out by any type of printing that can use metal inks, for example offset, intaglio, laser, gravure or screen printing.
Le dépôt du métal peut être effectué avec un motif souhaité à l'aide d'un masque directement sur le substrat.Deposition of the metal can be performed with a desired pattern using a mask directly on the substrate.
La couche de métal peut en variante être obtenue avec le motif souhaité en démétallisant partiellement le substrat préalablement métallisé selon des points ou trames ayant une densité convenable. La démétallisation peut s'effectuer par exemple par attaque chimique ou par enlèvement de particules métalliques rendues non adhérentes, notamment au moyen d'un laser.The metal layer may alternatively be obtained with the desired pattern by partially demetallizing the previously metallized substrate at points or wefts having a suitable density. Demetallization can be carried out for example by etching or by removal of metallic particles made nonadherent, in particular by means of a laser.
La couche de métal peut par exemple présenter une épaisseur supérieure à 150 Å, notamment comprise entre 200 et 1000 Å.The metal layer may for example have a thickness greater than 150 Å, especially between 200 and 1000 Å.
L'une de l'image combinée et de la trame de révélation peut comporter une couche d'un métal choisi parmi l'argent, l'aluminium, le nickel, l'étain, le laiton, entre autres, et l'autre peut comporter une couche d'un métal choisi parmi le cuivre, l'or, le bronze, entre autres. En particulier, lorsque deux métaux différents sont utilisés, l'un porté par l'image combinée et l'autre par la trame de révélation, on peut utiliser deux métaux de couleurs différentes comme décrit ci-avant, notamment tels que l'aluminium et le cuivre. On obtient ainsi une sécurisation supplémentaire, notamment car l'effet et la couleur obtenus ne sont pas reproductibles en utilisant un seul métal.One of the combined image and the revelation screen may comprise a layer of a metal selected from silver, aluminum, nickel, tin, brass, among others, and the other may include a layer of a metal selected from copper, gold, bronze, among others. In particular, when two different metals are used, one carried by the combined image and the other by the revelation weft, it is possible to use two metals of different colors as described above, in particular such as aluminum and the copper. This provides additional security, especially because the effect and color obtained are not reproducible using a single metal.
La ou les couches de métal de la trame de révélation et/ou de l'image combinée peuvent être réalisées à l'aide de métallisations et/ou démétallisations. Ces métallisations et/ou démétallisations peuvent permettre d'éviter la contrefaçon par impression. L'élément de sécurité est avantageusement incorporé à un document de sécurité, notamment du type fil de sécurité.The metal layer (s) of the revelation screen and / or the combined image can be produced using metallizations and / or demetallizations. These metallizations and / or demetallizations can make it possible to avoid counterfeiting by printing. The security element is advantageously incorporated in a security document, in particular of the security thread type.
L'invention peut notamment permettre de sécuriser des articles de sécurité, notamment des documents de sécurité, incluant des fibres papetières, tels que des billets de banque ou passeports, avec des éléments de sécurité ayant une épaisseur relativement faible. L'utilisation d'un substrat relativement fin, par exemple d'épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 50 µm, de préférence à 30 µm, nécessite l'emploi de systèmes d'impression ou de marquage d'une définition très importante, augmentant encore le degré de sécurité.The invention may in particular make it possible to secure security articles, in particular security documents, including paper fibers, such as banknotes bank or passport, with security features having a relatively small thickness. The use of a relatively thin substrate, for example of thickness less than or equal to 50 microns, preferably 30 microns, requires the use of printing or marking systems of a very important definition, further increasing the degree of security.
Les images codées peuvent représenter des informations cachées et révélées successivement par changement de l'angle d'observation du système optique. L'élément de sécurité peut être configuré pour permettre l'observation de la succession de plusieurs images quand la direction d'observation change, ce qui est encore appelé « effet d'animation ». Dans le cadre de l'invention, le terme « animation » est à comprendre au sens large. Il peut s'agir de plusieurs images d'un même objet, représentant des angles de vue différents, afin d'apporter un effet 3D ou de relief, plutôt qu'un effet de mouvement. L'image combinée peut correspondre à la décomposition du mouvement d'un motif, par exemple d'un texte, de signes alphanumériques, d'idéogrammes, d'un objet, d'une personne et/ou d'un animal. Les images codées (encore appelées plus simplement images imbriquées) peuvent représenter des étapes successives du mouvement d'un motif, par exemple d'un objet, d'une personne et/ou d'un animal.The coded images can represent information hidden and revealed successively by changing the observation angle of the optical system. The security element can be configured to allow the observation of the succession of several images when the viewing direction changes, which is also called "animation effect". In the context of the invention, the term "animation" is to be understood in the broad sense. It can be several images of the same object, representing different angles of view, to provide a 3D effect or relief, rather than a motion effect. The combined image may correspond to the decomposition of the movement of a pattern, for example text, alphanumeric signs, ideograms, an object, a person and / or an animal. Coded images (also called more simply nested images) may represent successive steps in the movement of a pattern, for example an object, a person and / or an animal.
Les images codées peuvent être observables du côté de la première face et du côté de la deuxième face du substrat.The coded images may be observable on the side of the first face and the side of the second face of the substrate.
La trame de révélation peut avoir un contour de forme quelconque, par exemple circulaire, ovale, en étoile, polygonale, par exemple rectangulaire, carrée, hexagonale, pentagonale ou en losange, entre autres.The revelation screen may have any contour of shape, for example circular, oval, star, polygonal, for example rectangular, square, hexagonal, pentagonal or diamond, among others.
Le contour de la trame de révélation peut par exemple représenter un texte, un signe alphanumérique, un idéogramme, un objet, une personne et/ou un animal.The outline of the revelation frame may for example represent a text, an alphanumeric sign, an ideogram, an object, a person and / or an animal.
Avantageusement, le système optique peut figurer dans une fenêtre d'un document de sécurité, la fenêtre étant au moins partiellement transparente ou formée par un manque de matière, par exemple l'absence locale de papier au-dessus ou en dessous du système optique.Advantageously, the optical system may appear in a window of a security document, the window being at least partially transparent or formed by a lack of material, for example the local absence of paper above or below the optical system.
Des exemples de réalisation de fenêtres dans les documents de sécurité sont par exemple décrits dans
La fenêtre peut être traversante et l'élément de sécurité peut être au moins partiellement situé dans la fenêtre. L'observation des images codées peut se faire du côté recto et du côté verso de la fenêtre.The window may be through and the security element may be at least partially located in the window. The observation of the coded images can be done on the front side and on the back side of the window.
L'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation peuvent encore être portés au moins partiellement sur le substrat par un procédé d'impression, par exemple offset, taille douce, laser, héliogravure ou sérigraphie. Par exemple, l'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation peut être au moins partiellement imprimée avec des encres colorées ou non, visibles à l'oeil nu, sous lumière ultraviolette (UV) et/ou infrarouge (IR), opaques ou luminescentes, notamment fluorescentes, thermochromes, photochromes, à effet interférentiel, notamment iridescentes, ou à effet optiquement variable selon l'angle d'observation (gonochromatiques), notamment comportant des cristaux liquides, métalliques ou non, magnétiques ou non, entre autres. L'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation peut encore être imprimée au moins partiellement avec des cristaux liquides, de telle sorte que les images codées ne soient par exemple visibles qu'au travers d'un polariseur. Lorsqu'une encre magnétique est utilisée, le motif dessiné peut constituer une signature magnétique permettant une authentification supplémentaire du substrat par détection de ladite signature.The combined image and / or the revelation weft can still be carried at least partially on the substrate by a printing process, for example offset, intaglio, laser, gravure or screen printing. For example, the combined image and / or the revelation screen may be at least partially printed with colored inks or not, visible to the naked eye, under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR), opaque or luminescent, in particular fluorescent, thermochromic, photochromic, interferential effect, in particular iridescent, or optically variable depending on the angle of observation (gonochromatic), including liquid crystals, metallic or not, magnetic or not, among others. The combined image and / or the revelation screen can still be printed at least partially with liquid crystals, so that the coded images are for example visible only through a polarizer. When a magnetic ink is used, the drawn pattern may constitute a magnetic signature allowing additional authentication of the substrate by detecting said signature.
Le système optique peut être porté par un patch et/ou un foil. Le patch et/ou le foil peut comporter des métallisations et/ou des démétallisations, par exemple en aluminium, ou tous types d'impressions. Le système optique peut encore être porté par un fil de sécurité, incorporé en surface, en masse ou en fenêtre(s) dans un article de sécurité. La largeur du fil de sécurité est par exemple comprise entre 3 et 20 mm, étant par exemple égale à 4 mm environ.The optical system can be carried by a patch and / or a foil. The patch and / or the foil may comprise metallizations and / or demetallizations, for example of aluminum, or all types of prints. The optical system can still be carried by a security thread, embedded in the surface, mass or window (s) in a security article. The width of the security thread is for example between 3 and 20 mm, being for example equal to about 4 mm.
Le substrat du système optique peut comporter ou être constitué par une matière thermoplastique, par exemple une polyoléfine, par exemple du polyéthylène (PE), du polychlorure de vinyle (PVC), du polyester, du polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET), du polycarbonate (PC), du polyester carbonate (PEC), du polyéthylène téréphtalate glycol (PETG), de l'acrylonitryle butadiène styrène (ABS) ou un film collecteur de lumière par exemple du type « guide d'ondes », par exemple un film luminescent à base de polycarbonate commercialisé par la société BAYER sous la dénomination LISA®.The substrate of the optical system may comprise or consist of a thermoplastic material, for example a polyolefin, for example polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC ), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or a light collecting film by example of the "waveguide" type, for example a luminescent film based on polycarbonate marketed by Bayer under the name LISA ® .
Le substrat peut comporter des fibres cellulosiques et notamment du papier. En particulier ledit substrat peut être un papier suffisamment translucide pour permettre de révéler les images codées, notamment un papier calque.The substrate may comprise cellulosic fibers and in particular paper. In particular said substrate may be sufficiently translucent paper to allow revealing the coded images, including a tracing paper.
Le substrat peut également être transparentisé par application d'une composition généralement grasse qui le transparentise de façon permanente, par exemple une composition faite d'huile et de matériau minéral transparent, comme décrit dans le brevet
On peut aussi transparentiser le substrat en appliquant localement une cire par transfert à chaud, comme décrit dans le
On peut encore utiliser pour le substrat une couche fibreuse comportant une matière thermofusible, par exemple du polyéthylène, comme décrit dans le brevet
La trame de révélation et l'image combinée peuvent être présentes respectivement de part et d'autre du substrat et il peut, notamment dans ce cas, être avantageux de réaliser la trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée chacune avec au moins deux couches de métal superposées de couleurs différentes, par exemple deux couches de métal superposées ayant chacun un aspect différent l'un de l'autre, notamment argenté, doré ou cuivré, de façon à ce que côté verso les images codées soient observées d'une première couleur et côté recto d'une deuxième couleur.The revelation screen and the combined image may be present respectively on either side of the substrate and it may, in this case in particular, be advantageous to produce the revelation screen and / or the image combined each with at least two images. superposed metal layers of different colors, for example two superimposed metal layers each having a different appearance from each other, in particular silvered, gilded or copper-plated, so that on the reverse side the coded images are observed from one first color and front side of a second color.
La trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peuvent être monochromatiques ou polychromatiques. En particulier, au moins une image codée de l'image combinée peut être monochromatique ou polychromatique. Les images codées imbriquées peuvent encore être réalisées au moins en partie avec des encres thermochromiques et/ou photochromiques. De la sorte, seule une partie des images codées peut par exemple être observable dans des conditions d'éclairage et/ou de température prédéfinies.The revelation frame and / or the combined image may be monochromatic or polychromatic. In particular, at least one coded image of the combined image may be monochromatic or polychromatic. The nested encoded images can still be made at least in part with thermochromic and / or photochromic inks. In this way, only a part of the coded images can for example be observable under predefined lighting and / or temperature conditions.
L'image combinée et/ou la trame de révélation peuvent être réalisées avec des couleurs différentes. De la sorte, il peut être possible d'obtenir un effet d'animation coloré lors de l'observation des images codées.The combined image and / or the revelation frame can be made with different colors. In this way, it may be possible to obtain a colored animation effect when observing the coded images.
Par exemple, toutes les images codées imbriquées de l'image combinée peuvent avoir la même couleur et la trame de révélation une couleur différente. En variante, les images codées imbriquées de l'image combinée peuvent avoir des couleurs différentes et la trame de révélation une couleur différente de celles des images codées imbriquées ou semblable à la couleur d'au moins une des images codées imbriquées. La trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peuvent être ou non opaques. En particulier, la trame de révélation et/ou l'image combinée peuvent être au moins partiellement translucides ou transparentes et par exemple colorées ou absorbant à une longueur d'onde donnée dans l'UV ou IR.For example, all nested coded images of the combined image may have the same color and the revelation frame a different color. Alternatively, the nested encoded images of the combined image may have different colors and the revelation field may have a different color than the nested encoded or color-like images of at least one of the nested encoded images. The revelation frame and / or the combined image may or may not be opaque. In particular, the revelation screen and / or the combined image may be at least partially translucent or transparent and for example colored or absorbent at a given wavelength in the UV or IR.
L'élément de sécurité peut encore comporter deux trames de révélation associées respectivement à deux images combinées, l'orientation des bandes d'une des trames de révélation étant différente de celle de l'autre trame de révélation. Lorsque les bandes sont non rectilignes, leur orientation est définie par la direction générale dans laquelle elles s'étendent.The security element may also comprise two revelation frames associated respectively with two combined images, the orientation of the bands of one of the revelation frames being different from that of the other revelation frame. When the strips are non-rectilinear, their orientation is defined by the general direction in which they extend.
L'élément de sécurité peut comporter deux trames de révélation juxtaposées ou non, superposées ou non, comportant des bandes ayant des orientations différentes ou non. Une des trames de révélation peut être totalement ou partiellement entourée par l'autre trame de révélation. La zone éventuelle de superposition des trames de révélation peut faire apparaître une forme de quadrillage lorsque les bandes des trames de révélation ont des orientations différentes.The security element may comprise two revealing frames juxtaposed or not, superimposed or not, with bands having different orientations or not. One of the revelation frames may be wholly or partially surrounded by the other revelation frame. The possible area of superposition of the revelation frames may reveal a grid pattern when the bands of the revelation frames have different orientations.
L'épaisseur du substrat est comprise par exemple entre 10 µm et 1 mm, notamment entre 6 µm et 1 mm, de préférence entre 6 µm et 300 µm, de préférence entre 10 et 100 µm, étant par exemple comprise entre 30 µm et 50 µm. Elle peut encore être inférieure à 50 µm, notamment à 25 µm. La période de la trame de révélation et/ou de l'image combinée est de préférence inférieure ou égale à l'épaisseur du substrat.The thickness of the substrate is for example between 10 μm and 1 mm, in particular between 6 μm and 1 mm, preferably between 6 μm and 300 μm, preferably between 10 and 100 μm, being for example between 30 μm and 50 μm. .mu.m. It can still be less than 50 microns, especially 25 microns. The period of the revelation frame and / or the combined image is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the substrate.
Un élément de sécurité avec une résolution de l'image combinée et/ou de la trame de révélation supérieure ou égale à 800 dpi, ainsi qu'avec une épaisseur de substrat et une relation entre période de la trame de révélation et/ou de l'image combinée et épaisseur du substrat tel qu'exposé ci-dessus peut permettre d'obtenir une animation visible à l'oeil nu, malgré la finesse de la trame et de l'image combinée, et renforcer la sécurité du dispositif vis-à-vis de photocopies de ce dernier.A security element with a resolution of the combined image and / or the revelation frame greater than or equal to 800 dpi, as well as with a substrate thickness and a period relationship of the revelation frame and / or the combined image and thickness of the substrate as described above can provide an animation visible to the naked eye, despite the fineness of the frame and the combined image, and enhance the safety of the device vis-à-vis - photocopies of the latter.
Le nombre d'images codées imbriquées est compris par exemple entre 2 et 15, notamment entre 2 et 5, étant de préférence supérieur ou égal à 3. La distance entre deux éléments constitutifs d'une même image codée peut être comprise entre 2 µm et 1 mm, notamment entre 10 µm et 1 mm, étant de préférence sensiblement égale à la période de la trame de révélation. La largeur d'un élément constitutif d'une image codée est de préférence inférieure ou égale à 500 µm, mieux 100 µm. La largeur d'une bande opacifiante de la trame de révélation est de préférence inférieure ou égale à l'épaisseur du substrat, notamment à 1 mm.The number of interleaved coded images is, for example, between 2 and 15, in particular between 2 and 5, preferably being greater than or equal to 3. The distance between two elements constituting the same coded image may be between 2 μm and 1 mm, in particular between 10 .mu.m and 1 mm, preferably being substantially equal to the period of the revealing frame. The width of a constituent element of a coded image is preferably less than or equal to 500 μm, better 100 μm. The width of an opacifying strip of the revealing frame is preferably less than or equal to the thickness of the substrate, especially at 1 mm.
La trame de révélation peut comporter des bandes opacifiantes à bords parallèles, éventuellement non rectilignes. La présence de bandes opacifiantes à bords non rectilignes peut rendre plus difficile la reproduction du système optique par un contrefacteur.The revelation screen may comprise opacifying strips with parallel edges, possibly non-rectilinear. The presence of opacifying tapes with non-rectilinear edges may make it more difficult for the counterfeiter to reproduce the optical system.
L'élément de sécurité peut encore comporter une trame de révélation comportant au moins une première zone fluorescente capable d'émettre par fluorescence, dans une condition d'éclairage prédéfinie, une lumière visible d'une première couleur, et une image combinée comportant au moins une deuxième zone fluorescente capable d'émettre par fluorescence, dans la condition d'éclairage prédéfinie, une lumière visible d'une deuxième couleur, différente de la première, l'une au moins des première et deuxième zones fluorescentes, notamment les deux, étant au moins partiellement opaques, au moins dans la condition d'éclairage prédéfinie, et les première et deuxième zones fluorescentes se superposant au moins partiellement de manière à ce que, dans la condition d'éclairage prédéfinie, une lumière traversant successivement les deux zones fluorescentes présente une troisième couleur différente des première et deuxième couleurs. En particulier, l'élément de sécurité peut utiliser le principe décrit dans la demande internationale
La ou les zones fluorescentes de la trame de révélation et/ou de l'image combinée peuvent être des impressions fluorescentes qui se superposent ou non aux couches de métal. Les couches de métal de la trame de révélation et/ou de l'image combinée peuvent encore comporter des zones non métallisées dans lesquelles sont formées les zones fluorescentes.The fluorescent zone (s) of the revelation screen and / or the combined image may be fluorescent prints that are superposed or not on the metal layers. The metal layers of the revelation frame and / or the image combined can still include non-metallized areas in which are formed fluorescent areas.
L'élément de sécurité peut comporter une pluralité de systèmes optiques associés à des directions d'observations différentes. Par exemple, l'élément de sécurité peut comporter une alternance de systèmes optiques associés à deux directions perpendiculaires respectives, notamment des systèmes optiques dont les trames de révélation respectives ont des orientations perpendiculaires.The security element may include a plurality of optical systems associated with different observation directions. For example, the security element may comprise an alternation of optical systems associated with two respective perpendicular directions, in particular optical systems whose respective revelation frames have perpendicular orientations.
L'élément de sécurité peut être recouvert totalement ou en partie d'un matériau invisible en illumination « normale », c'est-à-dire lorsqu'illuminé par la lumière du jour ou une source de lumière artificielle. Ce matériau invisible en illumination normale est par exemple un matériau visible sous une illumination spécifique, notamment un matériau luminescent, par exemple un matériau fluorescent ou phosphorescent visible sous une illumination UV ou IR.The security element may be totally or partially covered with invisible material in "normal" illumination, ie when illuminated by daylight or an artificial light source. This invisible material in normal illumination is for example a visible material under a specific illumination, especially a luminescent material, for example a fluorescent or phosphorescent material visible under UV or IR illumination.
En variante, ce matériau peut comprendre des cristaux liquides nématiques visibles sur un fond réfléchissant (la trame et/ou l'image et/ou le fond étant alors réfléchissants) avec un filtre polarisant, notamment circulaire.Alternatively, this material may comprise nematic liquid crystals visible on a reflective background (the frame and / or the image and / or the bottom then being reflective) with a polarizing filter, in particular circular.
La couverture totale ou partielle par un tel matériau invisible en illumination « normale » peut constituer une sécurisation supplémentaire sous forme d'un motif, par exemple d'un mot, sigle, code, symbole, image, caractère alphanumérique ou idéogramme.Total or partial coverage by such an invisible material in "normal" illumination may provide additional security in the form of a pattern, for example a word, acronym, code, symbol, image, alphanumeric character or ideogram.
En variante, ledit matériau invisible en illumination « normale » ne recouvre pas l'élément de sécurité mais est disposé ente la trame et l'image, étant alors observable partiellement mais de façon suffisante.Alternatively, said invisible material in "normal" illumination does not cover the security element but is arranged in the frame and the image, being then partially but sufficiently observable.
L'emploi d'un matériau invisible en illumination « normale » peut ainsi conférer une sécurisation supplémentaire de deuxième niveau à l'élément de sécurité. Un élément de sécurité de deuxième niveau est défini ci après.The use of an invisible material in "normal" illumination can thus confer additional security of the second level to the security element. A second level security element is defined below.
L'observation des images codées peut encore être facilitée et améliorée par le choix d'un fond sur lequel est placé l'élément de sécurité ou sur lequel on vient placer l'élément de sécurité ou l'article de sécurité le comportant.Observation of the coded images can be further facilitated and improved by the choice of a background on which is placed the security element or on which one comes to place the security element or the security article comprising it.
L'élément de sécurité peut ainsi comporter le fond, celui-ci étant situé de telle sorte que la trame de révélation soit entre le fond et le substrat, ou que l'image combinée soit entre le substrat et le fond.The security element may thus include the bottom, the latter being located so that the revealing frame is between the bottom and the substrate, or the combined image is between the substrate and the bottom.
Le fond peut encore être indépendant de l'élément de sécurité. Par exemple, l'utilisateur peut placer l'élément de sécurité ou l'article de sécurité à proximité, mieux au contact, du fond, celui-ci étant coloré ou non.The bottom may still be independent of the security element. For example, the user can place the security element or the security article nearby, better in contact with the background, the latter being colored or not.
Le fond peut être constitué par un substrat quelconque, étant de préférence aplati, par exemple une feuille de papier ou un carton.The bottom may consist of any substrate, preferably being flattened, for example a sheet of paper or a cardboard.
Le fond peut être disposé de telle sorte que l'utilisateur puisse observer le côté de l'élément de sécurité comportant la trame de révélation ou le côté comportant l'image combinée.The bottom may be arranged in such a way that the user can observe the side of the security element having the revealing frame or the side having the combined image.
L'observation en présence du fond peut permettre l'apparition d'un effet de contraste entre le fond, l'image combinée et la trame de révélation. Il peut s'agir d'un contraste de couleur issu en particulier de l'utilisation d'une image combinée, d'une trame de révélation et d'un fond de couleurs différentes. Il peut également s'agir d'un contraste image animée / fond fixe, par exemple issu de l'utilisation d'un fond représentant une image fixe, notamment un paysage ou une image fixe similaire à l'une des images constituant l'animation. Le fond met ainsi en relief « l'effet d'animation » décrit ci-avant.Observation in the presence of the background may allow the appearance of a contrast effect between the background, the combined image and the revelation frame. It may be a color contrast resulting in particular from the use of a combined image, a revelation frame and a background of different colors. It can also be a contrast image animated / fixed background, for example from the use of a background representing a still image, including a landscape or a still image similar to one of the images constituting the animation . The background thus highlights the "animation effect" described above.
Le fond peut comporter au moins un élément luminescent, par exemple fluorescent et/ou phosphorescent. L'effet peut être observé sous un éclairage prédéfini, par exemple UV ou IR. Le fond peut encore comporter une couche de métal.The bottom may comprise at least one luminescent element, for example fluorescent and / or phosphorescent. The effect can be observed under predefined lighting, for example UV or IR. The bottom may still include a layer of metal.
L'effet de contraste peut également être obtenu sans la présence du fond, notamment du simple fait de l'utilisation d'une source de lumière lorsque l'élément de sécurité est observé en transvision du côté de l'image combinée ou du côté de la trame de révélation. En effet, la source de lumière peut jouer le même rôle qu'un fond coloré et permettre l'apparition d'un effet de contraste par la combinaison des couleurs différentes de la source de lumière, de l'image combinée et de la trame de révélation.The contrast effect can also be achieved without the presence of the background, including the simple fact of using a light source when the security element is observed in transvision on the side of the combined image or on the side of the image. the revelation plot. Indeed, the light source can play the same role as a colored background and allow the appearance of a contrast effect by the combination of the different colors of the light source, the combined image and the image frame. revelation.
L'image combinée et la trame de révélation peuvent présenter la même couleur, et le fond peut être de couleur différente, étant notamment plus contrasté.The combined image and the revelation frame may have the same color, and the background may be different in color, in particular being more contrasted.
Le système optique peut comporter au moins deux images combinées et une trame unique permettant, lors d'un changement de l'angle d'observation, d'observer successivement les images imbriquées des deux images combinées. Les deux images combinées peuvent être disposées de manière à ce qu'un mouvement relatif d'une image combinée à l'autre soit perçu par un utilisateur lors d'un changement de la direction d'observation de l'élément de sécurité relativement au système optique.The optical system may comprise at least two combined images and a single frame allowing, during a change of the observation angle, to successively observe the nested images of the two combined images. The two combined images may be arranged in such a way that a relative movement of one image combined with the other is perceived by a user upon a change in the viewing direction of the security element relative to the system. optical.
Le substrat peut comporter au moins deux couches distinctes et le système optique peut comporter au moins deux images combinées, l'une d'entre elles étant disposée en regard, notamment sur, une face externe d'une des couches du substrat et l'autre image combinée étant disposée entre les deux couches.The substrate may comprise at least two distinct layers and the optical system may comprise at least two combined images, one of them being arranged facing one another, in particular on one external face of one of the layers of the substrate and the other combined image being disposed between the two layers.
Les deux couches du substrat peuvent présenter la même épaisseur. Ces deux couches peuvent être transparentes.The two layers of the substrate may have the same thickness. These two layers can be transparent.
Chaque image combinée peut comprendre une pluralité d'images codées imbriquées.Each combined image may comprise a plurality of nested encoded images.
Chaque image combinée peut comprendre le même nombre d'images codées et/ou chaque image combinée peut avoir la même résolution, notamment une des valeurs de résolution mentionnées ci-dessus et/ou la distance entre deux éléments constitutifs d'une même image codée de la première image combinée peut être égale à la distance entre deux éléments constitutifs d'une même image codée de la deuxième image combinée.Each combined image may comprise the same number of coded images and / or each combined image may have the same resolution, in particular one of the resolution values mentioned above and / or the distance between two elements constituting the same coded image of the first combined image may be equal to the distance between two constituent elements of the same coded image of the second combined image.
L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un article de sécurité, notamment un document de sécurité, incorporant un élément de sécurité tel que défini ci-dessus. Un tel article de sécurité peut incorporer des fibres papetières. A la fois, les faces recto et verso de l'élément de sécurité peuvent avantageusement être observables sur l'article de sécurité.The invention further relates, in another aspect, to a security article, including a security document, incorporating a security element as defined above. Such a security article may incorporate paper fibers. At the same time, the front and back sides of the security element can advantageously be observable on the security article.
L'invention a encore pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un article de sécurité, notamment un document de sécurité, dans lequel la trame de révélation, ou de préférence une ou plusieurs images codées (image codée ou image originelle avant codage), est réalisée avec un motif, par exemple des bandes opacifiantes ondulées, et le même motif est réalisé ailleurs sur l'article, incorporant un élément de sécurité tel que défini ci-dessus.Another subject of the invention, according to another of its aspects, is a security article, in particular a security document, in which the revelation frame, or preferably one or more coded images (coded image or original image before coding). , is made with a pattern, for example wavy opacifying strips, and the same pattern is made elsewhere on the article, incorporating a security element as defined above.
L'article de sécurité peut encore comporter une perforation dans laquelle est placé au moins partiellement l'élément de sécurité, ce dernier correspondant par exemple à la juxtaposition de deux sous-éléments, notamment sous forme de foils ou patchs, comportant respectivement une trame de révélation et l'image combinée correspondante.The security article may also comprise a perforation in which the security element is placed at least partially, the latter corresponding, for example, to the juxtaposition of two sub-elements, in particular in the form of foils or patches, respectively comprising a frame of revelation and the corresponding combined image.
Les sous-éléments peuvent recouvrir au moins partiellement les bords de la perforation, avec ou sans compensation d'épaisseur.The sub-elements may at least partially cover the edges of the perforation, with or without thickness compensation.
L'article de sécurité peut encore comporter une trame de révélation ou une image combinée réalisée sous forme d'impressions et un sous-élément, notamment sous forme de foil ou patch, recouvrant au moins partiellement les impressions formées, le sous-élément comportant l'image combinée ou la trame de révélation correspondante. Les impressions de l'image combinée peuvent par exemple être réalisées sur la surface de l'article de sécurité.The security article may further comprise a revelation frame or a combined image made in the form of prints and a sub-element, in particular in the form of a foil or patch, at least partially covering the impressions formed, the sub-element comprising the combined image or the corresponding revelation frame. The prints of the combined image may for example be made on the surface of the security article.
Le ou chaque sous-élément peut comporter un substrat transparent ou translucide.The or each sub-element may comprise a transparent or translucent substrate.
Le ou chaque sous-élément, notamment le patch ou le foil, peut être incorporé à l'article de sécurité par collage ou par incorporation au substrat fibreux de l'article lors de sa fabrication.The or each sub-element, in particular the patch or the foil, may be incorporated into the security article by gluing or by incorporation into the fibrous substrate of the article during its manufacture.
L'invention a encore pour objet un procédé selon la revendication 15. L'observation peut par exemple se faire côtés recto et verso du substrat.The invention further relates to a method according to claim 15. The observation can for example be made front and back sides of the substrate.
L'article ou objet, ou encore l'élément de sécurité notamment sous forme de fil, de patch ou de foil de sécurité, peut comporter un ou plusieurs autres éléments de sécurité, tels que définis ci-après.The article or object, or even the security element, especially in the form of a wire, a patch or a security foil, may include one or more other security elements, as defined below.
De façon générale, parmi les éléments de sécurité, certains sont détectables à l'oeil nu, en lumière du jour ou en lumière artificielle, sans utilisation d'un appareil particulier. Ces éléments de sécurité comportent par exemple des fibres ou planchettes colorées, des fils imprimés ou métallisés totalement ou partiellement. Ces éléments de sécurité sont dits de premier niveau.In general, among the security elements, some are detectable to the naked eye, in daylight or artificial light, without the use of a particular device. These security elements comprise for example colored fibers or boards, fully or partially printed or metallized wires. These security elements are called first level.
D'autres types d'éléments de sécurité sont détectables seulement à l'aide d'un appareil relativement simple, tel qu'une lampe émettant dans l'ultra-violet (UV) ou l'infrarouge (IR). Ces éléments de sécurité comportent par exemple des fibres, des planchettes, des bandes, des fils ou des particules. Ces éléments de sécurité peuvent être visibles à l'oeil nu ou non, étant par exemple luminescents sous un éclairage d'une lampe de Wood émettant dans une longueur d'onde de 365 nm. Ces éléments de sécurité sont dits de deuxième niveau.Other types of security elements are detectable only with a relatively simple device, such as a lamp emitting in the ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR). These security elements comprise, for example, fibers, boards, strips, wires or particles. These security elements may be visible to the naked eye or not, being for example luminescent under a lighting of a Wood lamp emitting in a wavelength of 365 nm. These security elements are said to be second level.
D'autres types d'éléments de sécurité encore nécessitent pour leur détection un appareil de détection plus sophistiqué. Ces éléments de sécurité sont par exemple capables de générer un signal spécifique lorsqu'ils sont soumis, de manière simultanée ou non, à une ou plusieurs sources d'excitation extérieure. La détection automatique du signal permet d'authentifier, le cas échéant, le document. Ces éléments de sécurité comportent par exemple des traceurs se présentant sous la forme de matières actives, de particules ou de fibres, capables de générer un signal spécifique lorsque ces traceurs sont soumis à une excitation optronique, électrique, magnétique ou électromagnétique. Ces éléments de sécurité sont dits de troisième niveau.Other types of security elements still require for their detection a more sophisticated detection device. These security elements are for example capable of generating a specific signal when they are subjected, simultaneously or not, to one or more external excitation sources. Automatic signal detection allows to authenticate, if necessary, the document. These security elements comprise, for example, tracers in the form of active materials, particles or fibers capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation. These security elements are said to be third level.
Les éléments de sécurité présents au sein de l'article de sécurité peuvent présenter des caractéristiques de sécurité de premier, de deuxième et/ou de troisième niveau.Security features within the security article may have first, second, and / or third level security features.
Selon une variante particulière de l'invention, l'élément de sécurité peut comporter une impression fluorescente sous illumination UV. La sécurité de premier niveau apportée par l'élément de sécurité selon l'invention peut ainsi être complétée par une sécurité de deuxième niveau, notamment un motif, observée sous illumination UV.According to a particular variant of the invention, the security element may comprise a fluorescent printing under UV illumination. The first-level security provided by the security element according to the invention can thus be supplemented by second-level security, in particular a pattern, observed under UV illumination.
L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, d'exemples de mise en oeuvre non limitatifs de celle-ci, et à l'examen du dessin annexé, sur lequel :
- la
figure 1 représente en coupe, de façon schématique et partielle, un exemple de système optique réalisé conformément à un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, - la
figure 2 représente, en vue de face, à échelle agrandie, un exemple de trame de révélation, - la
figure 3 illustre la décomposition de l'image combinée en images codées, - la
figure 4 illustre la formation d'une image codée, - la
figure 5 représente une succession d'images codées telle qu'elle peut être observée quand l'angle d'observation varie, - les
figures 6A à 6H représentent d'autres exemples de trames de révélation, - les
figures 7 sont des vues similaires à laet 8figure 1 , de variantes de réalisation de systèmes optiques, - la
figure 9 illustre la possibilité de faire varier l'inclinaison en déformant le substrat, - la
figure 10 représente un élément de sécurité comportant plusieurs systèmes optiques correspondant à des directions d'observation respectives différentes, - les
figures 11 et 12 représentent deux exemples de documents de sécurité équipés d'éléments de sécurité selon l'invention, - les
figures 13A, 13B, 13C et 13D représentent des exemples de documents de sécurité intégrant des éléments de sécurité selon l'invention, - les
figures 14A et 14B représentent un exemple de document de sécurité comportant des éléments de sécurité selon l'invention, respectivement après photocopie et avant photocopie, - les
figures 15 et 16 illustrent des variantes d'observation d'éléments de sécurité selon l'invention, - la
figure 17 illustre une variante de réalisation de la trame de révélation et de l'image combinée, - les
figures 18 et 19 illustrent des variantes de réalisation d'articles de sécurité selon l'invention et, - la
figure 20 illustre une autre variante de réalisation d'articles de sécurité selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 represents in section, schematically and partially, an example of an optical system produced according to an embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 2 represents, in front view, on an enlarged scale, an example of a revelation frame, - the
figure 3 illustrates the decomposition of the combined image into coded images, - the
figure 4 illustrates the formation of a coded image, - the
figure 5 represents a succession of coded images as can be observed when the observation angle varies, - the
Figures 6A to 6H represent other examples of revelation frames, - the
Figures 7 and 8 are views similar to thefigure 1 , alternative embodiments of optical systems, - the
figure 9 illustrates the possibility of varying the inclination by deforming the substrate, - the
figure 10 represents a security element comprising a plurality of optical systems corresponding to different respective viewing directions, - the
Figures 11 and 12 represent two examples of security documents equipped with security elements according to the invention, - the
Figures 13A, 13B, 13C and 13D represent examples of security documents incorporating security elements according to the invention, - the
Figures 14A and 14B represent an example of a security document comprising security elements according to the invention, respectively after photocopying and before photocopying, - the
Figures 15 and 16 illustrate variants of observation of security elements according to the invention, - the
figure 17 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the revelation frame and the combined image, - the
Figures 18 and 19 illustrate alternative embodiments of security articles according to the invention and, - the
figure 20 illustrates another alternative embodiment of security articles according to the invention.
On a représenté à la
La deuxième face 2b du substrat 2, opposée à la première, porte une trame de révélation 4 (encore appelée filtre de décomposition) comportant des bandes opacifiantes 5 (ou traits).The
La trame de révélation 4 est composée d'un motif périodique, en l'espèce la bande opacifiante 5, de période p constante, comme on peut le voir sur la
La réalisation la plus simple de la trame de révélation 4 est une succession de bandes opacifiantes 5 de largeur constante à intervalles réguliers, comme illustré à la
Dans cet exemple, les éléments constitutifs 3 des images codées et les bandes opacifiantes 5 sont formés par des couches de métal, par exemple en aluminium, mais il pourrait en être autrement. Par exemple, d'autres métaux pourraient être utilisés. Les éléments constitutifs 3 et les bandes opacifiantes 5 pourraient être réalisés avec des métaux différents.In this example, the
La trame de révélation 4 peut comporter d'autres motifs que des bandes de largeur constante à bords rectilignes et parallèles, comme des créneaux ou des ondulations, tel qu'illustré respectivement aux
Si N est le nombre total d'images codées, une relation possible entre la période p de la trame de révélation, la largeur w de la zone transparente entre deux bandes opacifiantes 5 de la trame 4 et le nombre N est :
Les intervalles transparents 8 de la trame de révélation 4 peuvent permettre, si on le souhaite, de révéler une seule image à la fois. Une image codée correspond alors aux parties de l'image combinée présentes dans les intervalles transparents de la trame pour un angle d'observation donné. Chaque image codée peut être visible en décalant l'observation de la largeur d'un intervalle transparent 8.The
Tous les éléments constitutifs d'une même image codée sont disposés, dans l'exemple décrit, avec la même période p que des bandes opacifiantes de la trame de révélation 4, selon l'axe X.All the constituent elements of the same coded image are arranged, in the example described, with the same period p as opacifying bands of the
On a illustré à la
On a illustré à la
On a représenté à la
Par ailleurs, bien qu'une seule trame de révélation serve à la création de l'image combinée, plusieurs trames de révélation différentes peuvent être utilisées pour révéler les images codées.On the other hand, although only one revelation frame is used to create the combined image, several different revelation frames can be used to reveal the encoded images.
Par exemple, toutes les trames de révélation conservant la même période et le même motif que la trame initiale, dans le sens perpendiculaire à la translation, mais avec une largeur d'intervalle transparent différente, peuvent être utilisées, comme illustré aux
Des trames de révélation ayant une période multiple de la période p de la trame initiale fonctionnent aussi, ce qui équivaut à artificiellement augmenter le nombre N d'images codées au détriment de la définition des images, comme illustré aux
Bien entendu, diverses actions sur la période p et sur la largeur de l'intervalle transparent 8 peuvent être simultanément réalisées, comme illustré à la
Pour pouvoir visualiser toutes les images codées jusqu'à un angle d'inclinaison d'environ 45°, la période p est de préférence inférieure ou égale à approximativement l'épaisseur e du substrat, comme représentée sur la
Un fil de sécurité, présente généralement une épaisseur maximale de 50 µm, ce qui correspond à une trame de période inférieure ou égale à 50 µm. Dans le cas où l'on prévoit quatre images imbriquées, les traits 3 composant les images imbriquées présenteront une largeur inférieure ou égale à 12,5 µm. Le système permettant de former l'image combinée a alors une résolution minimale de (2,54.10-2) / (12,5.10-6) c'est-à-dire de 2032 points par pouce (ppp pu dpi).A safety wire, generally has a maximum thickness of 50 microns, which corresponds to a frame of less than or equal to 50 microns period. In the case where four nested images are provided, the
La trame peut alors se présenter sous la forme d'une succession de traits de 3 x 12,5 = 37,5 µm de largeur et séparés par une distance de 12,5 µm.The weft can then be in the form of a succession of lines of 3 × 12.5 = 37.5 μm in width and separated by a distance of 12.5 μm.
Par exemple, si un substrat d'environ 100 µm d'épaisseur e est utilisé, la période p de la trame est inférieure à 100 µm et les éléments constitutifs sous forme de traits 3 composant les images codées sont inférieurs à 33 µm, dans le cas de trois images par animation.For example, if a substrate of about 100 μm thick e is used, the period p of the frame is less than 100 microns and the constituent elements in the form of
Une largeur de 12,5 µm correspond à environ 2000 dpi, ce qui représente une limite pour les imprimantes conventionnelles qui ont généralement une définition maximum de 600 dpi, voire 1200 dpi, ce qui constitue un facteur de sécurité, notamment de sécurité anti-copie ou anti-photocopie.A width of 12.5 μm corresponds to about 2000 dpi, which is a limit for conventional printers that generally have a maximum definition of 600 dpi, or 1200 dpi, which is a factor of security, including copy protection or anti-photocopy.
Il peut ainsi être avantageux d'avoir un substrat dont l'épaisseur e est inférieure ou égale à 30 µm, mieux 25 µm, par exemple comprise entre 20 et 30 µm, voire 20 et 25 µm, bornes incluses ou exclues.It may thus be advantageous to have a substrate whose thickness e is less than or equal to 30 μm, better 25 μm, for example between 20 and 30 μm, or even 20 and 25 μm, limits included or excluded.
Une trame de révélation suffisamment fine permet d'apporter une sécurité anti-photocopie et l'existence de plusieurs images codées ayant des détails à visualiser selon des directions d'observations différentes crée aussi une protection contre l'utilisation de scanners.A sufficiently fine revelation frame makes it possible to provide anti-photocopying security and the existence of several coded images having details to be viewed according to different observation directions also creates a protection against the use of scanners.
Par ailleurs, l'oeil humain ne percevant pas les détails inférieurs à approximativement 200 µm, une trame de révélation suffisamment fine apparaît d'aspect homogène, par exemple grise lors de l'utilisation de bandes opacifiantes en un métal argenté. Malgré la finesse de la trame de révélation, l'animation peut être conservée, comportant des images codées d'échelle supérieure au millimètre, qui contrastent avec l'aspect homogène de la trame.Moreover, the human eye does not perceive the details less than approximately 200 microns, a sufficiently fine revelation screen appears homogeneous appearance, for example gray when using opacifying bands in a silver metal. Despite the fineness of the revelation frame, the animation can be preserved, with coded images of scale greater than one millimeter, which contrast with the homogeneous appearance of the frame.
Comme expliqué ci-dessus, on pourrait penser que les valeurs de résolution précédemment mentionnées sont trop importantes pour permettre l'observation d'un effet optique, cette impression étant corroborée par le fait que l'oeil ne peut distinguer les lignes de la trames et voit celle-ci comme un aplat homogène.As explained above, one might think that the resolution values mentioned above are too important to allow the observation of an optical effect, this impression being corroborated by the fact that the eye can not distinguish the lines of the frames and sees this one as a flat solid.
On peut considérer que le pouvoir de résolution de l'oeil humain est d'une minute arc, correspondant pour une distance d'observation de 30 cm acceptable dans le cas d'un document de sécurité à une valeur de 2 x tan (1/120) x 30.10-2 = 87.10-6 m soit 87 µm.It can be considered that the resolving power of the human eye is one minute arc, corresponding to an observation distance of 30 cm acceptable in the case of a security document at a value of 2 x tan (1 / 120) x 30.10 -2 = 87.10 -6 m, ie 87 μm.
Malgré la finesse de la trame et de l'image combinée, les images imbriquées peuvent être successivement visibles lors d'un chargement de l'angle d'observation.Despite the fineness of the frame and the combined image, the nested images can be successively visible during a loading of the viewing angle.
Des résolutions de plus de 2000 dpi, voire 3000 dpi, peuvent permettre de sécuriser davantage le dispositif.Resolutions over 2000 dpi, or 3000 dpi, can help secure the device.
A titre d'exemple, on a illustré sur les
La
Comme le système optique peut fonctionner en lumière transmise ou réfléchie, il peut être utilisé pour des fenêtres ou des fils introduits en fenêtres, par exemple dans un billet de banque.Since the optical system can operate in transmitted or reflected light, it can be used for windows or wires introduced into windows, for example in a banknote.
Il n'est pas nécessaire de repérer la trame de révélation par rapport à l'image combinée dans le sens du déplacement relatif X. Mais en fonction du motif de la trame, un repérage peut être nécessaire dans le sens perpendiculaire à ce déplacement. Par exemple, pour une trame de révélation linéaire telle qu'illustrée à la
Dans une variante de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, illustrée à la
Il est possible de visualiser les images codées par réflexion sur la face réfléchissante 2a. Cette variante a comme particularité de permettre la réalisation des images codées avec une définition deux fois moins importante, mais nécessite un repérage entre les images codées et la trame de révélation, car la trame de révélation recouvre extérieurement les traits de l'image combinée. Chaque bande opacifiante 5 peut recouvrir les éléments constitutifs 3 de plusieurs images codées.It is possible to view the coded images by reflection on the reflecting
L'image combinée I et/ou la trame de révélation 4 peut en plus du métal utilisé être au moins partiellement formée par impression, marquage laser, lithographie ou toute autre technique permettant de fixer ou faire apparaître une image. Par exemple, des impressions peuvent être réalisées en superposition ou non aux couches de métal.The combined image I and / or the
Pour améliorer la sécurité, on peut utiliser des encres à cristaux liquides, par exemple pour imprimer au moins partiellement l'image combinée I. L'animation, pour être révélée, peut alors nécessiter en plus de la trame de décomposition, l'emploi d'un filtre polariseur, qui peut être présent sur le document ou le substrat, ou non.To improve security, it is possible to use liquid crystal inks, for example to at least partially print the combined image I. The animation, to be revealed, may then require, in addition to the decomposition frame, the use of a polarizing filter, which may be present on the document or the substrate, or not.
Pour les éléments de sécurité formés d'un fil introduit en fenêtre(s) dans un document de sécurité, l'image combinée 1 peut être obtenue au moins partiellement par micro-photolithographie du fil et la trame de révélation 4 peut être réalisée au moins partiellement grâce à une impression offset UV effectuée dans un deuxième temps, lors de l'impression du document.For the security elements formed of a wire introduced into window (s) in a security document, the combined
La trame de révélation 4 peut être associée, le cas échéant, à un design d'impression du document.The
Le motif de la trame de révélation 4 peut être imprimé ailleurs qu'en superposition avec l'image combinée I, sur le document, à la même échelle ou à une échelle différente.The pattern of the
La trame de révélation 4 peut déborder de l'élément de sécurité 1 et s'étendre sur le document de sécurité 10, comme illustré à la
Il est possible d'utiliser plusieurs couleurs, par exemple une première couleur pour la trame de révélation 4 et une ou plusieurs autres couleurs pour l'image combinée I, par exemple autant de couleurs différentes qu'il y a d'images codées.It is possible to use several colors, for example a first color for the
IL est encore possible de superposer deux couleurs, par exemple deux couches de métal avec deux métaux d'aspect différents, l'un étant par exemple d'aspect argenté et l'autre d'aspect doré, sur la trame de révélation 4 et l'image combinée I, comme illustré à la
Cette double coloration peut encore être réalisée au moins partiellement par démétallisation ou photolithographie, par exemple. Une couleur peut correspondre au choix d'un premier métal, par exemple doré, et l'autre couleur peut correspondre au choix d'un deuxième métal d'aspect différent, par exemple argenté. Les couleurs peuvent également être obtenues par des impressions sur des zones métallisées ou non.This double staining can still be performed at least partially by demetallization or photolithography, for example. One color may correspond to the choice of a first metal, for example gold, and the other color may correspond to the choice of a second metal of different appearance, for example silver. Colors can also be obtained by printing on metallized areas or not.
Sur la
Le choix du couple de couleurs C1 / C2 peut par exemple correspondre au choix du couple de métaux aluminium / cuivre.For example, the choice of the color pair C 1 / C 2 may correspond to the choice of the pair of aluminum / copper metals.
Une possibilité pour faire varier la direction d'observation du système optique peut être de déformer le substrat, par exemple autour d'un axe de pliage, comme illustré à la
Plusieurs systèmes optiques, ayant par exemple la forme de petits carrés ou rectangles de quelques millimètres de cotés, peuvent être présents sur un même fil de sécurité 20, comme illustré aux
La rotation d'un quart de tour d'un système optique 1 sur deux peut permettre d'obtenir un fil produisant des animations à partir de déplacements relatifs du fil dans les deux axes principaux Y1 et Y2 par rapport à l'observateur.Rotating a quarter-turn of an
Lorsque l'élément de sécurité est un fil intégré en fenêtre(s), comme illustré aux
Les images codées sont observables à travers la trame de révélation 4 du côté de la fenêtre 31 et avec la trame de révélation comme arrière-plan, du côté de la fenêtre 32.The coded images are observable through the
Le substrat du document, notamment au niveau des fenêtres 31 et 32, peut également avoir une opacité permettant l'observation des images codées des deux côtés du document de sécurité, étant par exemple au moins partiellement transparent.The document substrate, especially at the level of the
Le document 10 peut également comporter une fenêtre traversante 31, comme représenté sur la
L'élément de sécurité sous forme d'un fil de sécurité peut encore être incorporé dans un document de sécurité 10 qui présente une alternance de fenêtres 31 et 32 côté recto et côté verso, comme illustré sur la
On a illustré sur les
L'observation de l'élément de sécurité 1 peut se faire grâce à l'utilisation d'un fond 30 sur lequel l'élément de sécurité 1 est placé ou qui appartient à l'élément de sécurité. En particulier, la face 2b de l'élément de sécurité 1 comportant la trame de révélation 4 peut être en contact avec le fond 30, comme illustré sur la
Dans des exemples de réalisation, la trame de révélation 4 est de couleur argentée, l'image combinée 1 est de couleur cuivrée et le fond 30 est de couleur blanche. De la sorte, l'observation de l'élément de sécurité 1 engendre un effet de contraste important résultant notamment du choix des couleurs de la trame de révélation, de l'image combinée et du fond.In exemplary embodiments, the revealing
Dans l'exemple de la
L'effet de contraste obtenu peut également résulter de l'observation en transvision de l'élément de sécurité 1 face à une source de lumière 31, par exemple la lumière solaire, comme illustré sur la
On a représenté sur la
En particulier, cet exemple de réalisation illustre la possibilité de réaliser une trame de révélation 4 et une image combinée 1 de telle sorte que les images codées puissent être observables dans les deux sens principaux d'inclinaison de l'élément de sécurité 1, notamment dans le sens de la largeur et de la longueur.In particular, this exemplary embodiment illustrates the possibility of producing a
La trame de révélation 4 peut ainsi résulter de la combinaison de deux trames 4a et 4b présentant des bandes s'étendant selon des axes perpendiculaires, comme on peut le voir sur la
L'effet d'animation obtenu peut ainsi être observable dans au moins deux sens d'inclinaison de l'élément de sécurité 1.The animation effect obtained can thus be observed in at least two directions of inclination of the
On a représenté sur la
Le sous-élément 41 comporte par exemple une trame de révélation 4 et le sous-élément 42 comporte par exemple l'image combinée 1 correspondante.The sub-element 41 comprises for example a
Dans la variante illustrée à la
Dans les exemples des
Dans l'exemple de la
La première image combinée 1 est disposée en regard de la face 2b de l'élément de sécurité et représente par exemple un motif tel qu'un nuage.The first
La deuxième image combinée I' est disposée entre les deux couches de substrat 2 et représente dans l'exemple considéré un motif tel qu'un cheval.The second combined image I 'is disposed between the two
La période p de la trame de révélation est dans l'exemple considéré égale à l'épaisseur d'une couche de substrat, c'est-à-dire à 25 µm.The period p of the revelation frame is in the example considered equal to the thickness of a substrate layer, that is to say to 25 microns.
Les images imbriquées Ii et I'i formant respectivement la première et la deuxième image combinée sont dans l'exemple de la
L'exemple de la
L'utilisation du laser permet de marquer ledit substrat marquable au laser à la profondeur désirée, et également de marquer ledit substrat à au moins deux profondeurs (épaisseurs) différentes, par exemple pour former dans un substrat monocouche au moins deux des éléments parmi la trame de révélation et les images combinées.The use of the laser makes it possible to mark said laser-marked substrate at the desired depth, and also to mark said substrate at at least two depths. (Thicknesses) different, for example to form in a monolayer substrate at least two of the revelation frame and the combined images.
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples illustrés. L'élément de sécurité peut être réalisé avec d'autres sécurités de premier, deuxième ou troisième niveau, par exemple.The invention is not limited to the illustrated examples. The security element can be realized with other first, second or third level security, for example.
L'expression "comportant un" doit être comprise comme étant synonyme de "comportant au moins un".The expression "having one" should be understood as being synonymous with "having at least one".
Claims (15)
- A security element (1), comprising:- an optical system, comprising:- a transparent or translucent substrate (2),- a combined image (I) comprising a plurality of interleaved coded images (I1,.., IN),- an exposure screen (4) overlaid on the combined image (I), making it possible to observe the coded images (I1, ..., IN) upon a change of the direction of observation of the security element (1) in relation to the optical system, characterized in that the combined image (I) and/or the exposure screen (4) comprise a metal layer, the exposure screen and/or the combined image having a resolution greater than or equal to 800 dpi.
- The security element as claimed in claim 1, the combined image (I) being situated on the side of a first face (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2) and the exposure screen (4) being situated on the side of a second face (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2), opposite from the first face.
- The security element as claimed in claim 1, the combined image (I) and the exposure screen (4) being situated on the side of a first face (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2), the security element (1) comprising on the side of a second face (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2), opposite from the first face, a reflecting surface making it possible to observe the coded images (I1..., IN) through the exposure screen (4).
- The security element as claimed in claim 3, the combined image (I) being situated between the exposure screen (4) and the substrate (2).
- The security element as claimed in one of the preceding claims, the combined image (I) and the exposure screen (4) each comprising a metal layer, notably of one and the same metal or of metals being different from one another.
- The security element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, the exposure screen and/or the combined image being of homogeneous aspect to the naked eye.
- The security element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, comprising an alternation of optical systems associated with two respective observation directions perpendicular to each other, notably optical systems whose respective exposure screens have perpendicular orientations.
- The security element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, taking the form of a security thread, of a foil or of a patch.
- The security element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, the combined image (I), especially the coded images of the combined image, and/or the exposure screen (4) being produced with different colors.
- The security element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, the security element (1) comprising two exposure screens (4a, 4b) respectively associated with two combined images (Ia, Ib), the orientation of the strips of one of the exposure screens being different from that of the other exposure screen.
- A security article, especially a security document, incorporating a security element such as defined in any one of the preceding claims.
- The security article as claimed in the preceding claim, the recto and verso faces of the security element being observable.
- The security article as claimed in either one of claims 11 and 12, comprising a perforation (40) in which is at least partially placed the security element (1) corresponding to the juxtaposition of two sub-elements (41, 42), especially in the form of foils or of patches, comprising respectively the exposure screen (4) and the corresponding combined image (I).
- The security article as claimed in either one of claims 11 and 12, the exposure screen (4) or the combined image (I) being produced in the form of prints on the surface of the article, a sub-element (43), especially in the form of a foil or patch, overlapping at least partially the prints formed, the sub-element (43) comprising the combined image (I) or the corresponding exposure screen (4).
- A method for authenticating a security element such as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the step consisting in observing the security element while varying the direction of observation and in concluding as to the authenticity of an article or of an object associated with the security element at least as a function of the coded images observed
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PL10740386T PL2454101T3 (en) | 2009-07-17 | 2010-07-19 | Parallax effect security element |
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PCT/IB2010/053285 WO2011007343A1 (en) | 2009-07-17 | 2010-07-19 | Parallax effect security element |
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-
2009
- 2009-07-17 FR FR0955002A patent/FR2948217B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-07-19 US US13/384,529 patent/US8982231B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-19 EP EP10740386.7A patent/EP2454101B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2010-07-19 WO PCT/IB2010/053285 patent/WO2011007343A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-07-19 BR BR112012000900A patent/BR112012000900B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-19 PL PL10740386T patent/PL2454101T3/en unknown
- 2010-07-19 CA CA2768178A patent/CA2768178C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-19 ES ES10740386T patent/ES2430225T3/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-11-22 HK HK12111996.7A patent/HK1171208A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107635789A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2018-01-26 | 欧贝特信托公司 | Safety element and safety document |
CN107635789B (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2021-05-18 | 欧贝特信托公司 | Security element and security document |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120182443A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
BR112012000900A2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
WO2011007343A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
BR112012000900B1 (en) | 2019-12-17 |
ES2430225T3 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
FR2948217A1 (en) | 2011-01-21 |
FR2948217B1 (en) | 2011-11-11 |
PL2454101T3 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
CA2768178C (en) | 2017-09-05 |
EP2454101A1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
CA2768178A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
US8982231B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
HK1171208A1 (en) | 2013-03-22 |
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