EP2454056B1 - Razor blade technology - Google Patents

Razor blade technology Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2454056B1
EP2454056B1 EP10800475.5A EP10800475A EP2454056B1 EP 2454056 B1 EP2454056 B1 EP 2454056B1 EP 10800475 A EP10800475 A EP 10800475A EP 2454056 B1 EP2454056 B1 EP 2454056B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
razor
razor blade
blade
inter
cartridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10800475.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2454056A4 (en
EP2454056A2 (en
Inventor
Wayne Hobson
Yiming Xu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Edgewell Personal Care Brands LLC
Original Assignee
Eveready Battery Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eveready Battery Co Inc filed Critical Eveready Battery Co Inc
Priority to PL10800475T priority Critical patent/PL2454056T3/pl
Publication of EP2454056A2 publication Critical patent/EP2454056A2/en
Publication of EP2454056A4 publication Critical patent/EP2454056A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2454056B1 publication Critical patent/EP2454056B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/40—Details or accessories
    • B26B21/4068—Mounting devices; Manufacture of razors or cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/40—Details or accessories
    • B26B21/4012—Housing details, e.g. for cartridges
    • B26B21/4018—Guard elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/40—Details or accessories
    • B26B21/4081—Shaving methods; Usage or wear indication; Testing methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B21/00—Razors of the open or knife type; Safety razors or other shaving implements of the planing type; Hair-trimming devices involving a razor-blade; Equipment therefor
    • B26B21/54—Razor-blades
    • B26B21/56—Razor-blades characterised by the shape
    • B26B21/565—Bent razor blades; Razor blades with bent carriers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to razor blades for razor cartridges in general and, more particularly, to a method of manufacturing a razor blade.
  • modem safety razors include a disposable razor cartridge adapted to be selectively connected to a reusable handle by connecting structure therebetween.
  • the cartridge includes a housing having at least one razor blade with a cutting edge disposed therein.
  • Other modern safety razors include a razor cartridge permanently connected to the handle that can be disposed of as a single unit.
  • a razor cartridge including a razor blade having a bent portion can have certain advantages and there have been many proposals to provide a razor cartridge with such a razor blade.
  • such razor cartridges have not been successfully commercialized or at least not manufactured on a scale that is significant in a mass market such as that of razor cartridges.
  • Many manufacturers emulate a bent razor blade by mounting a generally planar razor blade on a bent support made from a material both thicker and softer than a typical hardened razor blade.
  • U.S. -A-4,586,255 discloses a typical construction of a blade mounted on a support. The supoprt is mounted on the opposed side of the razor blade to the blade guard as disclosed in US-B-7,681,314 and is at least partially hidden from view by a user during normal use and handling of the safety razor.
  • Modem safety razors are normally used and can be stored by a user in a more or less wet or humid environment.
  • the razor blades of a razor cartridge are brought into contact with mildly corrosive substances, such as the constituents of sweat, soap, and shaving aids such as shaving foam or gel.
  • mildly corrosive substances such as the constituents of sweat, soap, and shaving aids such as shaving foam or gel.
  • tap water which is generally used for shaving
  • martensitic stainless steels have become widely used as a corrosion-resisting material for making razor blades having a high level of cutting quality.
  • the inter-blade guard on the other hand is preferably manufactured from a fully annealed low-carbon stainless steel such as grade AISI 301 / DIN 1.4310. This material is chosen for several reasons including ease of forming its desired profile, such as those disclosed in US-B-7,681,314 .
  • the inter-blade guard can be joined by welding, e.g. laser spot welding, to its respective razor blade.
  • Improved coatings on cutting edges can increase the useful life of the cutting edge and improvements in the composition or construction of so-called lubricating strips can extend the life of the lubricating strip.
  • a modern safety razor cartridge having an extended life has more opportunity to suffer corrosion during its life than an earlier razor cartridge.
  • the present disclosure has for its objective to eliminate, or at least substantially alleviate the limitations of the prior art razor blade assemblies.
  • the present disclosure in one aspect is directed to a method of manufacturing a razor blade assembly for a razor cartridge, comprising the steps of providing an elongated strip of stainless steel of a first composition, the strip including a front edge and a first side, processing the strip to effect a martenstic transformation to harden the strip, and providing a cutting edge extending along the front edge of the elongated strip.
  • the strip is cut into lengthwise extending portions to provide discrete razor blades having a length suitable for use in a razor cartridge housing.
  • a chromium oxide layer is formed on the first side of the razor blade by a thermal oxidation process.
  • An inter-blade guard is permanently joined to the first side of the razor blade.
  • the razor blade and the inter-blade guard comprise stainless steels of different compositions and the layer of chromium oxide prevents or delays the onset of user-visible electrochemical corrosion of the first side of the razor blade.
  • the razor blade assembly is assembled to a housing to provide a razor cartridge.
  • a predetermined array of closely spaced droplets of a liquid adapted to inhibit corrosion of the razor blade can be applied to a portion of the first side of the razor blade; a portion of a skin engaging surface of the inter-blade guard and can penetrate a gap between the first side and the inter-blade guard to further prevent or delay the onset of user-visible electrochemical corrosion of the first side of the razor blade.
  • the application of the array of droplets a liquid adapted to inhibit corrosion of the razor blade is preferably performed to the assembled razor cartridge.
  • the droplet array is preferably restricted to the razor blade assembly and suitably controlled so that the aforementioned liquid is not unnecessarily applied to e.g. outer surfaces of the housing.
  • a razor blade 20 includes a stainless steel substrate, which typically has a thickness of about 0.05 - 0.10 mm.
  • the stainless steel typically contains about 0.4 to 0.7% carbon and about 12 to 13.5% chromium, both by weight.
  • the stainless steel has been hardened to effect a martensitic transformation to harden the substrate material to e.g. 700-850HV.
  • HV designates hardness measured on the Vickers scale at a 1.0kg load.
  • the blade 20 has a cutting edge 22 and a body 24 having a first side and a second side, 26, 28 respectively.
  • An inter-blade guard 30 is attached to the first side 26 of the razor blade 20.
  • the inter-blade guard 30 includes a surface 36 adapted to contact a skin surface of a user during a normal use of the razor cartridge. Further desired features and function of the inter-blade guard 30 are disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. -B-7,681,314 .
  • the inter-blade guard 30 is preferably manufactured from an annealed low-carbon austenitic stainless steel such as grade AISI 301 (DIN 1.4310) and has a thickness preferably in the range about 0.05 - 0.076mm although the present disclosure is not limited in this regard and other materials that may be readily formed to a desired profile and/or joined to the razor blade 20 may be usefully employed.
  • the inter-blade guard 30 is permanently joined to the razor blade for example by a known laser spot welding process ( Fig. 1 sectionally depicts the welding zone 32). Other joining methods may also be employed such as use of a suitable adhesive such as an epoxy (e.g. a two-part epoxy) or cyanoacrylate.
  • the razor blade assembly 10 can also comprise a support member 40 as is well known in the art.
  • the razor blade 20 is manufactured as follows. First, a rolled sheet of stainless steel is slit into elongated strips. The strips can be perforated for ease of handling during subsequent processing. Other pre-hardening steps, such as scoring, may be performed, if desired.
  • the strip is subjected to a hardening process, which includes austenitization of the stainless steel.
  • the hardening process is conducted in a first muffle furnace or tunnel oven.
  • the strip is provided in coil form and is uncoiled and fed into the furnace where it is quickly ramped up to a high temperature, e.g., approximately 1160°C, maintained at this temperature for a period of time, during which austenization of the stainless steel occurs.
  • the strip is then rapidly quenched (e.g. in an ice-box) to a low temperature e.g. approximately -70°C, to effect a martensitic transformation of the stainless steel substrate material.
  • the strip is recoiled and passes to subsequent processes.
  • the hardness of the strip thus processed has a hardness approximately 700-850HV.
  • the strip is subsequently sharpened by known process steps to provide a cutting edge.
  • the strip can be severed into lengthwise extending portions to provide razor blades having a length suitable for use in a razor cartridge and stacked one upon the other in suitable carriers or the strip can be recoiled for further processing. If necessary, the stack of razor blades (or recoiled strip) is then cleaned by any one of a number of processes known in the art to remove residues from the sharpening process and other contamination. Coatings are applied to the cutting edge that can be metallic (e.g. titanium, niobium or chromium), ceramic (e.g. chromium nitride) or hard carbon (e.g.
  • amorphous diamond or DLC (diamond-like carbon) or combinations thereof and a further outer layer of a low friction coating of a fluorinated polymer such as PTFE is applied.
  • the PTFE is applied by spraying a suspension of PTFE particles in a suitable medium such as water and/or alcohol on to the cutting edge(s).
  • a suitable medium such as water and/or alcohol
  • the razor blades in their carrier or the strip in its coil are loaded on a conveyor and passed through a second muffle furnace or tunnel oven at approx 360°C to cure the PTFE.
  • Reheating the razor blades to perform the PTFE curing process has the effect of partially annealing the razor blades to a hardness about 600HV or more, e.g. about 680HV.
  • the process equipment is schematically shown in Fig. 2 which depicts stacked blades in carriers 48 that are transported on conveyor 50 though furnace 60.
  • modem safety razors are normally used in a wet environment and can be stored by a user in a variably humid environment.
  • the razor blades of a razor cartridge are brought into contact with a variety of mildly corrosive substances in a variety of concentrations, such as the constituents of sweat, soap, and shaving aids such as shaving foam or gel.
  • the composition of typical tap water as is generally used for shaving can vary from city to city.
  • modem safety razor cartridges can have an extended useful life compared to earlier razor cartridges. Improved coatings on cutting edges (e.g. hard carbon) can increase the useful life of the cutting edge and improvements in the composition or construction of so-called lubricating strips can extend the life of the lubricating strip of the razor cartridge.
  • a modem safety razor cartridge having an extended life has more opportunity to suffer corrosion during its life than an earlier razor cartridge.
  • a chromium oxide layer is formed on outer sides 26, 28 of the razor blade 20 by a thermal oxidation process.
  • the razor blade is introduced into an atmosphere of clean dry air at approximately 160°C to 215°C, e.g. 190°C.
  • the aforementioned hardening process converts a portion of the chromium and carbon of the stainless steel material to chromium carbide which partially provides the cited hardness.
  • Some chromium remains unreacted with carbon and this so-called free chromium at the surface of the stainless steel is oxidized as follows to form a corrosion resisting chromium oxide layer on the stainless steel substrate.
  • the razor blades 20 in their carrier are passed through a third muffle furnace or tunnel oven 70 that is preferably arranged sequentially with the second furnace 60 to advantageously benefit from the provision of the conveyor 50 for the PTFE curing process.
  • the furnace is set to the aforementioned temperature 160°C to 215°C, e.g. 190°C and clean dry air 80 at ambient temperature is passed through the furnace muffle tube 82 in the direction indicated or in the reverse direction.
  • the aforementioned temperature range is selected to avoid any significant further partial annealing of the razor blades.
  • a chromium oxide layer is formed on the outer sides of the razor blades.
  • the thickness of the chromium oxide layer is preferably controlled to about 10nm to about 15nm thick (about 100 ⁇ to about 150 ⁇ ).
  • a thickness less than about 10nm is less preferred as the razor blade can lack a desired increase in corrosion resistance.
  • a thickness more than about 15nm is less preferred as the corrosion resistance of the razor blade is not proportionately increased.
  • a thickness of more than about 15nm can result in an undesirable color change of the surface of the razor blade that can be subjectively recognized by a casual observer.
  • the thickness of the chromium oxide layer does not substantially alter the color of the razor blade as a color change can be deemed commercially undesirable for a razor blade or a razor cartridge including such a razor blade.
  • Control of the thickness of the chromium oxide layer can be controlled by primarily adjusting the time the strip is in the furnace (e.g. by adjusting the conveyor speed) and/or the temperature of the furnace and secondarily by adjusting the air flow rate through the muffle tube of the furnace.
  • the third furnace can be arranged separately from the second furnace.
  • the third furnace can also be arranged sequentially with the first furnace and ice-box in which case the oxide layer is formed on the strip before the provision of the cutting edge and subsequent coatings.
  • the third furnace can also be a sealed furnace and blade carriers or entire coils of strip can be processed therein in a so-called batch process.
  • Corrosion resistance of strip or of a razor blade made from the strip or a razor cartridge including such a razor blade is assessed in an accelerated corrosion test as follows:
  • the razor blade 20 can be joined to a metallic support 40 as is well known in the art, e.g. as disclosed in US-A-4,586,255 .
  • An inter-blade guard 30 (as previously described) is joined to a side of the razor blade 20, the side being visible to a user during normal use and handling of the safety razor including such a razor blade 20.
  • certain narrow gaps 34 exist between the razor blade 20 and the inter-blade guard 30 that can trap moisture and/or a dilute mildly corrosive substance after use and retain said moisture etc by capillary/surface tension effects.
  • the composition of the stainless steels of the razor blade 20 and the inter-blade guard 30 can be slightly different.
  • an electrochemical cell could be created of an anode and cathode being the razor blade 20 and inter-blade guard 30 and an electrolyte being the moisture etc. thus resulting in electrochemical corrosion that will occur on the razor blade 20 on a side visible to a user and that could be sufficient to be undesirably visible to the user.
  • the razor cartridge 100 can be generally as disclosed in US-A-4568255 or can be another type of razor cartridge and the present disclosure is not limited to the type of razor cartridge.
  • the razor cartridge can also include more than two razor blade assemblies 10, e.g. three, four or more and the present disclosure is not limited to the number of razor blade assemblies 10 in the razor cartridge.
  • the cartridge includes a housing 110 that comprises a guard 112, a cap 114 and a blade mounting region 116.
  • a (vertical) portion of the blade support 40 is disposed in slots 126 of the end wall 118 of the housing 110 to provide independent movement of each blade assembly under the forces encountered during shaving.
  • the guard 112 and the cap 114 can comprise, respectively, elastomeric and lubricious elements 122, 124, as are well known in the art.
  • a spring element 130 can be provided as is well known in the art.
  • FIG. 4 apparatus for a further advantageous process to inhibit corrosion of a razor blade assembly of a razor cartridge is schematically depicted in plan view. This process can be performed in addition to, or in the alternative to the thermal oxidation process previously described.
  • a razor cartridge e.g. a razor cartridge as depicted in Fig. 3
  • the razor cartridge 100 is placed on a conveyor 150, preferably in a nest 152 of a conveyor, preferably an indexing conveyor.
  • the razor cartridge 100 is positioned so that the cutting edges 22 and inter-blade guards 30 of the blade assemblies 10 are exposed.
  • spray head 160 passes over the cartridge 100 preferably in a direction transverse to the direction of motion of the conveyor 150.
  • the spray head 160 has a controlled spray pattern to deposit a predetermined closely packed array 170 (see Fig. 5 ) of droplets of a liquid rust inhibitor / oil mix on the exposed surfaces of the blade assemblies of the razor cartridge.
  • the spray pattern is restricted to the aforementioned surfaces of the blade assemblies 10 and is not unnecessarily applied to e.g. outer surfaces of the housing 110.
  • the spray head 160 is an ink-jet spray head modified to spray a predetermined array of rust inhibitor / oil mix in place of ink.
  • a suitable ink jet spray head 160 is a SCANTRUE II provided by TRIDENT.
  • Modification of the spray head to be suitable for the aforementioned mix includes replacing the internal seals (e.g. "O" rings) with seals of VITON material to resist deterioration from contact with the aforementioned mix.
  • the rust inhibitor / oil mix is also formulated to have a viscosity approximately equivalent to typical inks used in such ink-jet equipment, e.g. about 7 - 10 centistokes and preferably comprises (each by volume) 10% rust inhibitor such as CRODASINIC-O and/or CRODAZOLINE-O both provided by CRODA INC and more preferably comprises 5% of each rust inhibitor.
  • the mixture further preferably comprises 70% mineral oil such as Naphtha Hydrotreated Heavy oil provided by EXXON MOBIL.
  • the mixture further preferably comprises 20% mineral spirits, e.g. odourless mineral spirits.
  • the rust inhibitor / oil mix preferably avoids separation to its constituent parts over an extended period, e.g. 25 days or more.
  • the rust inhibitor / oil mix also preferably has a surface tension low enough to resist beading on the exposed surfaces of the blade assemblies of the razor cartridge.
  • the spray pattern of the spray head 160 can be programmed by conventional ink-jet spray control equipment to spray a closely packed array of droplets as previously mentioned.
  • the spray head 160 can be arranged to pass over each razor cartridge 100 once, twice (i.e. by a forward and back motion synchronized to each index of the conveyor) or more times depending on the desired deposition quantity of the mix.
  • the spray head 160 is programmable razor cartridges 100 having various exposed blade arrangements can be accommodated, e.g. the exposed arrangement can be rectangular, trapezoidal, oval etc.
  • the total quantity of rust inhibitor / oil mix thus applied can be about 2 mg per razor cartridge 100.
  • the rust inhibitor / oil mix is a liquid, some liquid thus applied will flow at least partially into the gap 34 between the razor blade 20 and the inter-blade guard 30 by capillary action. This can delay or prevent the aforementioned ingress of moisture and/or a dilute mildly corrosive substance into the gap 34 and in turn delay or prevent the onset of user-visible electrochemical corrosion.
  • a razor cartridge treated by this apparatus can have threshold for unacceptable corrosion greater than 2-3 times that of an untreated razor cartridge 100.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
EP10800475.5A 2009-07-15 2010-07-14 Razor blade technology Active EP2454056B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10800475T PL2454056T3 (pl) 2009-07-15 2010-07-14 Technika wytwarzania ostrzy golarki

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22558609P 2009-07-15 2009-07-15
PCT/US2010/041964 WO2011008851A2 (en) 2009-07-15 2010-07-14 Razor blade technology

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2454056A2 EP2454056A2 (en) 2012-05-23
EP2454056A4 EP2454056A4 (en) 2012-11-28
EP2454056B1 true EP2454056B1 (en) 2014-03-19

Family

ID=43450168

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10800475.5A Active EP2454056B1 (en) 2009-07-15 2010-07-14 Razor blade technology

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2454056B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP5830823B2 (pl)
AU (1) AU2010273464B2 (pl)
PL (1) PL2454056T3 (pl)
WO (1) WO2011008851A2 (pl)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11712814B2 (en) 2016-03-18 2023-08-01 Dollar Shave Club, Inc. Razor cartridge

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103282166B (zh) * 2011-01-06 2015-11-25 永备电池有限公司 剃刀刀片技术
EP3375578B1 (en) 2011-10-06 2020-09-23 BIC-Violex S.A. Razor blade and razor head
WO2013050606A1 (en) * 2011-10-06 2013-04-11 Bic-Violex Sa Razor blade, razor head, and method of manufacture
US9925678B2 (en) 2014-12-30 2018-03-27 The Gillette Company Llc Razor blade with a printed object
CN108698240A (zh) * 2016-02-23 2018-10-23 皇家飞利浦有限公司 无裂缝地折叠由高强度材料制成的金属坯料的方法
US10675772B2 (en) 2016-06-29 2020-06-09 The Gillette Company Llc Printed lubricious material disposed on razor blades
EP4151377A1 (en) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-22 BIC Violex Single Member S.A. Siloxane-based razor blade coating

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US3635811A (en) * 1967-11-06 1972-01-18 Warner Lambert Co Method of applying a coating
US3754329A (en) * 1967-11-06 1973-08-28 Warner Lambert Co Razor blade with rf sputtered coating
JPH0696058B2 (ja) * 1989-07-14 1994-11-30 三井造船株式会社 剃切具
GB9006782D0 (en) * 1990-03-27 1990-05-23 Gillette Co Safety razors and blade units therefor
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JP3236636B2 (ja) * 1991-04-11 2001-12-10 シチズン時計株式会社 ステンレス鋼基材の表面に硬質化合物膜を被覆する方法
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US5630275A (en) * 1994-08-23 1997-05-20 Warner-Lambert Company Multi-blade razor head with improved performance
US5456009A (en) * 1994-08-23 1995-10-10 Warner-Lambert Company Multi-blade razor head with improved performance
US6684513B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2004-02-03 The Gillette Company Razor blade technology
US20050198830A1 (en) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-15 Walker Vincent P. Shaving cartridges and razors
US7673541B2 (en) * 2004-06-03 2010-03-09 The Gillette Company Colored razor blades
US7681314B2 (en) * 2005-06-10 2010-03-23 Eveready Battery Company Inc. Inter-blade guard and method for manufacturing same
JP4950507B2 (ja) * 2006-02-14 2012-06-13 株式会社貝印刃物開発センター 剃刀
WO2009022629A1 (ja) * 2007-08-10 2009-02-19 Japan Energy Corporation 表面処理剤、表面処理方法および機械部品

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11712814B2 (en) 2016-03-18 2023-08-01 Dollar Shave Club, Inc. Razor cartridge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011008851A3 (en) 2011-04-28
EP2454056A4 (en) 2012-11-28
JP5830823B2 (ja) 2015-12-09
AU2010273464A1 (en) 2012-01-19
PL2454056T3 (pl) 2014-08-29
JP2012533356A (ja) 2012-12-27
AU2010273464B2 (en) 2016-09-08
EP2454056A2 (en) 2012-05-23
WO2011008851A2 (en) 2011-01-20

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