EP2450926A1 - Elektrische Trennungsvorrichtung und damit versehener Überspannungsableiter - Google Patents

Elektrische Trennungsvorrichtung und damit versehener Überspannungsableiter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2450926A1
EP2450926A1 EP11188184A EP11188184A EP2450926A1 EP 2450926 A1 EP2450926 A1 EP 2450926A1 EP 11188184 A EP11188184 A EP 11188184A EP 11188184 A EP11188184 A EP 11188184A EP 2450926 A1 EP2450926 A1 EP 2450926A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
movable contact
varistor
fixed contacts
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP11188184A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Vincent Crevenat
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ABB France SAS
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ABB France SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2450926A1 publication Critical patent/EP2450926A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
    • H01C10/30—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element
    • H01C10/32—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element the contact moving in an arcuate path
    • H01C10/36—Adjustable resistors the contact sliding along resistive element the contact moving in an arcuate path structurally combined with switching arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C10/00—Adjustable resistors
    • H01C10/50—Adjustable resistors structurally combined with switching arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/10—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for disconnecting an electrical device with respect to an electrical line, in particular a disconnection device mounted in a surge arrester for an electrical installation supplied with DC voltage.
  • surge arresters In the field of protection of electrical installations against overvoltages, particularly overvoltages related to lightning strikes, it is usual to resort to surge arresters. It is conventional for surge arresters to include one or more varistors and possibly one or more gaps to limit transient overvoltages appearing on the power supply lines, for example due to a thunderbolt, and evacuate the shock currents to Earth.
  • a surge arrester varistor may short circuit, in which case it bypasses the two electrical lines (for example the phase and the neutral or two phases of a very low voltage network) between which it is connected, which can lead to the explosion of the arrester or fire. Or, the leakage current of such a varistor can increase and lead to abnormal and excessive heating of the arrester (a situation called thermal runaway), which can also cause a fire.
  • the surge arresters are equipped with disconnectors whose function is to disconnect the varistor from the power lines in the event of a short circuit or thermal runaway. With regard to short-circuit protection, these are generally fuses, circuit breakers or other breaking devices which have a high breaking capacity.
  • thermal disconnectors using a hot-melt welding releasing a prestressed contact - such as a blade or a bridge - so that it passes from the closed position to the open position.
  • thermal disconnectors sometimes provide themselves protection against short circuits.
  • these disconnectors must remain closed and be able to discharge the currents of shock due to possible transient overvoltages.
  • the movable contact of the disconnector In case of disconnection, the movable contact of the disconnector reaches an open end position in which it is far enough away from the fixed contact to prevent (re) creation of an electric arc for the nominal voltage considered power lines. But during the disconnection operation, especially for the case of disconnection in the event of a short-circuit of the varistor, the disconnector must be able to cut the electric arc that is created between its movable contact and his or her fixed contacts when opening the movable contact.
  • the extinction of the electric arc can be obtained by stretching it between the fixed contact (s) and the movable contact which moves away from it a sufficient distance for the nominal voltage of the electric lines to be insufficient. to maintain the electric arc.
  • Other techniques used to extinguish an electric arc include sending the electric arc into a break chamber that divides the electric arc into several small arcs to extinguish it and / or stretch the arc under its own electromagnetic force. .
  • the stretching of an electric arc to a certain length requires less energy than the initiation of an electric arc of the same length.
  • the minimum voltage for initiating an electric arc between two contacts having a predetermined spacing is greater than the minimum voltage for maintaining and stretching an electric arc to the same distance (holding voltage arc).
  • the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic installations is not predetermined, but depends on the conditions of sunshine. Indeed, while the voltage supplied by a photovoltaic installation is relatively stable whether it is night or day, the maximum current that it can provide (and therefore the short-circuit current) varies depending on the brightness and therefore varies between a null value (at night) and a maximum value (full day without a cloud). But techniques for extinguishing the electric arc by sending the arc into a breaking chamber or by stretching the arc under its own electromagnetic force can only function properly if the arc itself has some energy for send it to the room or stretch it. However, the level of energy required may not be reached in case of too little sunlight. The disconnection then does not take place and the electric current is maintained through the arrester, which leads to an excessive rise in temperature that can cause a fire.
  • a disconnecting device at least partially overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a disconnection device capable of operating for relatively large DC voltages, in particular between 500 V and 1000 V, or even 1500 V and for non-predetermined currents ranging from a few tens of milliamps up to 200 A, or even 300 A.
  • a surge arrester with an effective disconnection device in the event of a short circuit of the overvoltage protection component for installations operating under relatively high direct current, such as a photovoltaic installation.
  • the invention further proposes a use of the preceding electrical disconnection device for disconnecting an electrical circuit from a continuous nominal voltage supply greater than or equal to 500 V.
  • the invention also proposes a use of the preceding transient overvoltage protection device to protect an electrical installation supplied with a continuous nominal voltage preferably greater than or equal to 500 V.
  • the continuous nominal voltage is delivered by a photovoltaic installation.
  • the electrical disconnection device comprises two fixed contacts distant from each other and a movable contact.
  • the movable contact is capable of moving between a closed position and an open end position. In the closed position, the movable contact is in electrical contact with the two fixed contacts to electrically connect them. In the open end position, the movable contact is separated from at least one of the fixed contacts to electrically isolate the fixed contacts from one another.
  • the device comprises at least one varistor for limiting the voltage between the fixed contacts during at least part of the path of the movable contact from the closed position to the open end position, but which is excluded a last part of this path.
  • the at least one varistor does not have the effect of limiting the voltage on a last part of the path of the moving contact towards the open end position, that is to say from an intermediate position of the moving contact between the closed position and the open extremal position and the open extremal position itself.
  • the device is designed in consideration of the maximum rated operating voltage and the maximum current to be interrupted.
  • the at least one varistor and the at least part of the path during which the voltage is thus limited are defined for prevent the creation of an electric arc between the fixed contacts during the passage of the movable contact from the closed position to the open end position.
  • the at least one varistor and the at least part of the path during which the voltage is so limited are defined to limit the energy of the electric arc or arcs which are formed between the fixed contact (s) from which the moving contact separates when passing from the closed position to the open end position.
  • the at least one varistor and the at least part of the path during which the voltage is so limited are defined so that the limitation of the energy of the electric arc or arcs is sufficient for it (s) to be extinguished (s) when the movable contact reaches the open extremal position.
  • the electrical disconnection device makes it possible to provide an effective electrical disconnection solution even for high DC voltages, in particular 500 V or more, while having a small footprint.
  • a device can be used in transient overvoltage protection devices to ensure, for example, the thermal disconnection of a varistor in the event of overheating thereof, while allowing the protection device to be housed in small cartridges designed to be mounted on standard DIN rail electrical panels.
  • the electrical disconnection device of the invention is particularly suitable for disconnecting electrical circuits supplied with a DC voltage.
  • the maximum rated operating voltage mentioned above is of a continuous nature.
  • the electrical disconnection device of the invention is also applicable to the disconnection of electrical circuits powered under an alternating voltage.
  • the parameters influencing the creation and maintenance of or arcing such as the nature of the material are taken into account. contacts and the speed of movement of the moving contact.
  • the movable contact in the open end position, is sufficiently distant from at least one of the two fixed contacts to avoid (re) creation of an electric arc between them at the maximum nominal voltage of use.
  • the figure 1 represents a diagram of a disconnection device 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the disconnection device 10 comprises a first fixed contact 12, a second fixed contact 14 and a movable contact 16.
  • the movable contact 16 is able to move between an initial position and a final position.
  • the movable contact In the initial position, the movable contact is in electrical contact with the fixed contacts 12 and 14 and thus establishes an electrical connection between them: it is the closed position of the movable contact 16.
  • the movable contact 16 is separated from at least one of the two fixed contacts 12 and 14.
  • This final position is the open end position of the moving contact 16.
  • the movable contact 16 is only separated from the fixed contact 12, the opening of the disconnecting device 10 being effected by pivoting the movable contact 16 on the fixed contact 14 from the initial position to the final position.
  • the movable contact 16 and the fixed contact 14 are made in one piece, for example in the form of an elastic blade whose one end is held fixed which constitutes the fixed contact 14.
  • the movable contact 16 is represented in solid lines in the closed position while the open end position is shown in dashed lines and referenced by the letter A. Intermediate positions of the movable contact 16 between the closed position and the open end position A are also These intermediate positions are not stable positions of the movable contact 16, but positions furtively occupied during the transition from the closed position to the open end position. They are shown only for the convenience of the description below.
  • the disconnecting device 10 further comprises a varistor 18.
  • a first pole of the varistor 18 is electrically connected to the fixed contact 12, for example, by welding.
  • the varistor 18 has an arcuate surface which constitutes a second pole of the varistor 18. During its displacement from the initial position to the final position, the movable contact 16 separates from the fixed contact 12 and comes with an end in frictional contact with the arched surface of the varistor 18.
  • the end of the movable contact 16 is continuously in frictional contact with the arcuate surface forming the second pole of the varistor 18 on at least a first portion of the movable contact path from the closed position to the open end position. Therefore, the varistor 18 is connected between the two fixed contacts 12, 14 via the moving contact 16. The varistor 18 is thus able to limit the voltage between the movable contact 16 and the fixed contact 12 and therefore by way of consequence between the two fixed contacts 12 and 14.
  • the end of the movable contact 16 sweeps the arcuate surface forming the second pole of the varistor 18.
  • the location of the frictional contact on the arcuate surface changes with the displacement of the movable contact 16.
  • the value at which the varistor 18 limits the voltage between the movable contact 16 and the fixed contact 12 increases as the moving contact 16 moves on this first part of the path to the open end position.
  • This variation of the limiting voltage is related to the increase in the constituent portion of the varistor 18 between the first pole and the second pole of the varistor 18 which is subject to the potential difference existing between the fixed contact 12 and the moving contact 16.
  • the varistor 18 is advantageously designed so that the limiting voltage that it imposes for any position of the movable contact 16 during at least a part of its displacement between the closed position towards the open end position, is less than the voltage of electric arc ignition between the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 16 in the position considered, for the maximum current to be interrupted.
  • this property of the varistor 18 is verified as soon as the movable contact 16 is separated from the fixed contact 12 and this up to the position of the moving contact 16 from which the ignition voltage of the electric arc between the contact fixed 12 and the movable contact 16 exceeds the maximum nominal voltage of use. In this way, no electric arc is created between the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 16 during the transition from the closed position to the open end position.
  • the limiting voltage imposed by the varistor 18 is less than the starting voltage of an electric arc between the movable contact 16 and the fixed contact 12.
  • intermediate C the movable contact 16 is further away from the fixed contact 12 than the intermediate position B.
  • the ignition voltage of an electric arc between the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 16 is therefore greater than that at the position B and the limiting voltage imposed by the varistor 18 is also greater than that in the position B.
  • the largest value of the limiting voltage imposed by the varistor 18 is at the intermediate position D after which the movable contact 16 is separated from the varistor 18.
  • the movable contact 16 ceases to be in contact with the second pole of the varistor 18 on a last part of the path of the mobile contact to prevent it having to actively oppose the establishment of a current when the movable contact is in the open end position. In this way, there is no risk that a leakage current likely to be established through the varistor 18 passes through the device in the disconnected position.
  • the curve of variation of the limiting voltage imposed by the varistor 18 as a function of the location of the frictional contact on its arcuate surface forming the second pole is preferably defined to avoid the creation of an electric arc between the movable contact 16 and the varistor 18 during the separation of the movable contact 16 with the varistor 18.
  • the limiting voltage imposed by the varistor 18 at the last friction contact position of the movable contact 16 on the varistor 18 before separating (the intermediate position D) is greater than the maximum nominal voltage of use.
  • the disconnection that is to say the interruption of current, takes place for the position of the movable contact 16 for which the limiting voltage imposed by the varistor 18 becomes greater than the voltage existing between the fixed contacts 12 and 14.
  • this curve of variation of the limiting voltage is defined to ensure that the electric arc which is created between the movable contact 16 and the varistor 18 is extinguished when the movable contact 16 reaches the open end position.
  • the disconnection is definitive only when the electric arc has gone out.
  • This curve of variation of the limiting voltage imposed by the varistor 18 is obtained for example by choosing a suitable geometry for the varistor 18, in particular by appropriately defining the evolution of its section along its friction contact surface, that is, the arcuate surface in the example described.
  • the movable contact 16 is not pivotally mounted, but is mounted in translation to move from a closed position to an open end position.
  • the movable contact 16 may be provided to separate from the two fixed contacts 12 and 14 during passage to the open end position.
  • the arcuate surface of the second pole of the varistor 18 is replaced by a flat surface against which the movable contact 16 comes into frictional contact while its first pole is connected to the fixed contact 12 as before.
  • the operation remains the same as above, except to take into account the separation distance between the fixed contact 14 and the movable contact 16 which increases gradually during the passage of the movable contact 16 from the closed position to the open end position.
  • the varistor 18 limits the voltage between the two fixed contacts 12 and 14 during at least part of the path of the movable contact 16 from the closed position to the extreme open position, through the In this variant, it is also possible to provide a second varistor similar to the first, the second varistor being connected between the fixed contact 14 and the movable contact 16.
  • the varistor 18 is integral with the movable contact 16 and therefore moves with it.
  • a first pole of the varistor 18 is connected to the movable contact 16 and it is the fixed contact 12 which comes into frictional contact with a surface of the varistor 18 forming a second pole thereby providing a variation of the voltage limiting the varistor when moving the moving contact.
  • the varistor 18 is integral with the movable contact 16, but none of its poles is electrically connected to the moving contact 16. In this case, it may have two surfaces each forming a respective pole of the varistor 18. Each of the contacts fixed 12 and 14 comes into frictional contact with a respective one of the two pole surfaces of the varistor 18 during the displacement of the movable contact 16. The varistor 18 then directly limits the voltage between the two fixed contacts 12 and 14, and not more through the mobile contact 16.
  • the varistor 18 is arranged at a distance from the movable contact 16 in the closed position.
  • an electric arc is likely to be created between the movable contact 16 and the fixed contact 12.
  • the electric arc is extinguished as soon as the movable contact 16 comes into frictional contact with the surface arcuate forming the second pole of the varistor 18 because of the limitation voltage it imposes between the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 16.
  • the operation on the rest of the path of the movable contact 16 to the open end position is identical to that described previously. In this case, the varistor 18 does not prevent the creation of an electric arc, but allows its extinction.
  • the figure 2 represents a circuit diagram of a disconnection device 20 according to a second embodiment.
  • the description made of the first embodiment in relation to the figure 1 also applies to this second embodiment, except for the varistor 18 which is replaced by another varistor 28.
  • the fixed and movable contacts 12, 14 and 16 are similar to those of the first embodiment.
  • the varistor 28 does not include a surface forming a second pole to provide a variable limiting voltage depending on the location of the contact therewith.
  • the varistor 28 is of a conventional type comprising two poles, one of which is connected to the fixed contact 12 and the other to a fixed contact 29 made in the form of an arched plate of material driver.
  • This arched fixed contact 29 is placed along a portion of the path of the end of the movable contact 16 as it passes from the closed position to the open end position. The end of the movable contact 16 thus comes into frictional contact with the arcuate contact 29 for this portion of the path. Therefore, the varistor 28 limits the voltage between the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 16 during this portion of the path.
  • the varistor 28 always applies the same limiting voltage regardless of the position of the friction contact of the movable contact 16 on the arcuate contact 29.
  • the limiting voltage of the varistor 28 and the part of the path during which it is connected between the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 16 are chosen to prevent the initiation of an electric arc under the maximum nominal voltage of use and the maximum current to be interrupted throughout the path of the movable contact from the closed position to the open end position. It is possible not to start an electric arc during the passage of the movable contact 16 from the closed position to the moment of coming into frictional contact with the arcuate contact 29 if the distance between the fixed contact 12 and the beginning of the arcuate surface 29 is small and the moving speed of the movable contact 16 is high.
  • the varistor 28 and the part of the path during which it is connected between the fixed contact 12 and the moving contact 16 are chosen to extinguish the electric arc that may be created between the fixed contact 12 and the moving contact 16 before the latter frictionally contacts the arcuate contact 29 and that the electric arc, if any, created between the arcuate contact 29 and the movable contact 16 after breaking the contact by friction between them, is extinguished when the moving contact 16 arrives at the position extremal open.
  • the figure 3 represents a circuit diagram of a disconnection device 30 according to a third embodiment.
  • This third embodiment is similar to the second embodiment described in connection with the figure 2 , except that it comprises several varistors V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5 instead of just one.
  • One pole of each of the varistors is connected to the fixed contact 12 while the other pole is connected to a respective fixed contact P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 each made in the form of an arcuate plate of conductive material.
  • the end of the movable contact 16 successively comes into frictional contact with each of the arched contacts during the transition from the closed position to the open end position.
  • Each of the varistors therefore limits the voltage between the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 16 for a respective portion of the path of the movable contact between the closed position and the open end position.
  • the limiting voltage imposed by each of the varistors can be advantageously chosen different from those of the others. More specifically, the limiting voltage is chosen higher as the greater distance of the respective arcuate contact relative to the fixed contact 12. In this way, it is possible to approach the mode of operation of the first mode. described in connection with the figure 1 , except to have a progression in steps of the value of the limiting voltage and the interstices without voltage limitation in the path of the movable contact 16 between the closed position and the open end position.
  • each varistor and the part of the path during which it is connected between the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 16 are chosen as before to prevent the initiation of an electric arc at the maximum nominal voltage for the maximum current. to interrupt or alternatively to ensure that the electric arc or arcs created - whether between the fixed contact 12 and the movable contact 16 or between each of the arcuate contacts and the movable contact 16 - are extinguished when the movable contact 16 reaches the position extremal open.
  • the figure 4 represents a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic installation producing electrical energy from sunlight or the like.
  • the installation includes photovoltaic panels 60 producing electricity from the light.
  • the photovoltaic panels 60 produce an electric current under the same DC voltage, for example a voltage of 1000V, whatever the sunlight.
  • the current generated by the photovoltaic panels 60 is provided on two lines 62 and 64 which serve to supply electrical installations (not shown).
  • the photovoltaic panels 30 supply them via an inverter 70 to transform the direct current into alternating current having the required voltage level.
  • a transient overvoltage protection device 40 also called surge arrester, is connected to the power lines 62, 64 under direct voltage, as well as to earth.
  • the arrester 40 comprises two terminals 42, 44 for connecting the surge arrester 40 to the power lines 62, 64 and a third terminal 52 to connect the surge arrester 40 to the ground.
  • the arrester 40 comprises two varistors 46, 48 and a spark gap 50.
  • the two varistors 46, 48 serve to maintain the voltage between the lines 42 and 44 below a certain level in the event of a thunderbolt or other electrical disturbance so as not to damage the electrical installations connected to the lines 62, 64 while the spark gap 50 serves to evacuate the lightning currents or the like to earth.
  • Each varistor 46, 48 has two poles, one of which is connected to a respective one of the two terminals 42, 44.
  • the other pole of each varistor 46, 48 is connected to a same pole of the spark gap 50 while the other pole of the spark gap 50 is connected to the third terminal 52.
  • the surge arrester 40 is provided with systems for disconnecting the varistors in case of failure thereof by short circuit or by thermal runaway.
  • the arrester 40 comprises a respective fuse 46A, 48A in series with each varistor 46, 48.
  • the fuses 46A, 48A are both calibrated to melt in the event of a short circuit of the corresponding varistor and not to melt in case shock current (such as a lightning current) not exceeding the limits for which surge arrester 40 is provided.
  • shock current such as a lightning current
  • the short circuit current depending on the sun, it may be too weak to melt the respective fuse 46A or 48A and therefore it does not cause a sufficiently fast disconnection of the corresponding varistor.
  • Fuses 46A, 48A also do not provide disconnection in case of thermal runaway of the corresponding varistor related to a leakage current thereof which is insufficient to melt. In these two cases, the disconnection is ensured by the thermal disconnection system described below.
  • the fuses 46A, 48A may be replaced by other disconnection systems in the event of a short circuit, for example a circuit breaker.
  • the fuses 46A, 48A are omitted, protection against short circuits being provided by the thermal disconnection system. This is possible because a short-circuit has the effect of causing thermal heating which can trigger the thermal disconnection system.
  • the arrester 40 comprises a respective thermal disconnection system for each of the varistors 46, 48.
  • the thermal disconnection system for each of the varistors 46, 48 is identical. Therefore, only that of the varistor 46 is described in detail below, its description also valid for that of the varistor 48.
  • the disconnect system of the varistor 46 comprises a first electrical disconnection device 54 which is thermal triggered.
  • This first device comprises a normally closed mobile contact arranged in series between two fixed contacts.
  • One of the fixed contacts and the movable contact may be in one piece, for example an elastic blade whose one end is held fixed.
  • This first disconnection device is connected in series with the varistor 46. Its mobile contact is, at rest, kept in closed position and goes to the open state when the temperature of the varistor 46 exceeds a temperature threshold.
  • This temperature threshold is generally between 115 ° C. and 150 ° C.
  • This first disconnection device may be of a type known per se. For example, its movable contact is biased elastically towards the opening and is kept closed by a low temperature hot melt welding.
  • This hot-melt welding is in thermal connection with the varistor 46, for example, by serving to maintain one end of the movable contact in electrical contact with an electrode of a pole of the varistor 46.
  • the hot melt weld melts and the movable contact moves to the open position.
  • the movable contact may be constituted by a prestressed elastic blade in the normally closed position, one end of the blade being held fixed to form one of the two fixed contacts of the first disconnecting device.
  • the movable contact can also be kept in the closed state by a respective hot-melt welding on each of the fixed contacts of the first disconnecting device, for example in the case where the movable contact is constituted by a bridge of conductive material which is resiliently biased by a spring.
  • the disconnection system of the varistor 46 also comprises a second electrical disconnection device which is according to the invention.
  • this second disconnection device is according to the first embodiment described in connection with the figure 1 for which reason it is referenced 10, but it can be any other embodiment of the disconnection device according to the invention.
  • This second disconnection device is connected in parallel with the first disconnection device.
  • the second disconnecting device 10 is also in the normally closed state.
  • the thermal disconnection system of the varistor 48 similarly comprises a second disconnection device according to the invention, but this is not shown on the figure 4 for convenience.
  • the varistor 16 is thus connected to the lines 63, 64 both through the first and second disconnect devices 54 and 10.
  • the opening of the second disconnection device 10 is coordinated with the opening of the first disconnector device 54 to prevent the formation of an electric arc between the movable contact and the fixed contacts of the first disconnector device 54 and between the movable contact. and the fixed contacts of the second disconnecting device 10, or so that the electric arcs or arcs likely to be created between them are extinguished when they arrive in their respective open end position.
  • the coordination consists in causing the opening of the second disconnection device 10 only when the moving contact of the first disconnector device 54 has reached either its open end position or an intermediate position sufficiently distant from the contact (s). fixed to prevent the initiation of an electric arc.
  • the hot-melt weld (s) of the first disconnect device 54 melt and cause the opening of its movable contact and thus also the coordinated opening of the second disconnecting device 10. It results in an effective disconnection of the varistor 46 without creating an electric arc or by ensuring the extinction of the arcs or arcs possibly created.
  • the figure 5 schematically illustrates such a method of coordinating the second disconnecting device 10 with the first disconnecting device 54.
  • the first disconnecting device 54 comprises a movable contact 54a secured to a pivoting axis 54c.
  • the movable contact 54a is held in closed contact by a hot-melt weld 13 on a pole of the varistor 46.
  • the movable contact 54a is prestressed towards the open position by a spring 54d.
  • the movable contact 16 of the second disconnecting device 10 is secured to a pivoting axis 16c which is electrically connected to the aforementioned pole of the varistor 46.
  • the coordination is obtained by the cooperation of two arms 16b, 54b in the form of 'L'.
  • the arm 54b is integral with the movable contact 54a, the arm 54b being in this case mounted on the pivoting axis 54c.
  • the arm 16b is integral with the movable contact 16.
  • a spring 16b urges the contact 16 towards the opening, in this case by pushing on the arm 16b.
  • the movable contacts 54a and 16 are closed, the movable contact 16 being held in closed position by the arm 54b which cooperates with the arm 16b.
  • the movable contact 54a and the arm 54b pivot under the action of the spring 54d. After a certain degree of pivoting, the arm 54b releases the arm 16b.
  • the thermal disconnection system of a varistor it is advantageous for the thermal disconnection system of a varistor to include two disconnection devices as described above.
  • the first disconnector 54 makes it possible to effectively discharge the shock currents by essentially crossing the first disconnection device because of the low resistance opposed by the hot-melt weld or seals maintaining its moving contact compared to the simple support of the movable contact on a fixed contact in the second disconnecting device 10. Thus, it avoids the risk of damage to the second disconnection device 10 by the shock currents.
  • the thermal disconnection system comprises only an electrical disconnection device according to the invention.
  • This case is illustrated schematically by the figure 6 .
  • its movable contact 16 is held in the closed position by a heat-fusible weld 13 intended to melt when the temperature of the varistor exceeds a threshold which is significant of a failure thereof.
  • two hot-melt welds may be used if the movable contact forms a bridge movable with respect to the two fixed contacts 12, 14.
  • the movable contact 16 is also biased towards the extreme opening position by any appropriate means, for example example a spring 17 or its intrinsic elasticity.
  • the portion 16a of the movable contact 16 which ensures the frictional electrical contact to make contact with the varistors or varistors during its movement, is remote from the part or parts of the movable contact on which are placed the hot melt welds, in this case the weld 13. In this way, it avoids or minimizes the risk of pollution of the contact surfaces by friction with the weld material after melting during the displacement of the movable contact.
  • the fixed contact 12 is constituted by the connection pad of the varistor 46 which preferably comes from material with an electrode 246 of the varistor 46, its other electrode being referenced 146.
  • All the components of the transient overvoltage protection device 40 are preferably housed in the same housing on which the terminals of connection 42, 44 and 52 are accessible.
  • This housing can be advantageously sized and designed to be mounted on the DIN rails of standardized electrical panels.
  • the transient overvoltage protection device can be housed in an interior volume cartridge having maximum dimensions 30x42x43 mm.
  • thermal disconnection system described above can be used in other transient overvoltage protection devices, for example which has only one varistor 46 or which has no spark gap. It can also be used in transient overvoltage protection devices to protect AC voltage lines.
  • the electrical disconnection devices according to the invention can be used in various applications, whenever it is desirable to avoid the creation of an electric arc upon disconnection or at least to ensure its extinction, and particularly advantageous in the case of applications operating under DC voltage. They are particularly suitable for applications requiring a single disconnection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP11188184A 2010-11-08 2011-11-08 Elektrische Trennungsvorrichtung und damit versehener Überspannungsableiter Withdrawn EP2450926A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1059217A FR2967293A1 (fr) 2010-11-08 2010-11-08 Dispositif de deconnexion electrique et parafoudre comprenant un tel dispositif

Publications (1)

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EP2450926A1 true EP2450926A1 (de) 2012-05-09

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014131564A1 (de) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-04 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Abtrenn- und umschaltvorrichtung für den überspannungsschutz
WO2018115753A1 (fr) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-28 Supergrid Institute Installation électrique haute tension continue et procédé de contrôle d'un appareil de coupure dans une telle installation
DE102017113558A1 (de) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-20 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzanordnung
CN110679053A (zh) * 2017-04-11 2020-01-10 德恩塞两合公司 尤其是用于直流系统的、用于过电压保护的分离和切换装置
EP4160637A1 (de) * 2021-10-01 2023-04-05 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Trennen von hochspannungsschaltkreisen

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US3617765A (en) * 1968-04-16 1971-11-02 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Variable closing resistor
US4288833A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-09-08 General Electric Company Lightning arrestor
US4645889A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-02-24 General Electric Company Varistor quenched arc chute for current limiting circuit interrupters
EP0431306A1 (de) * 1989-11-03 1991-06-12 Gec Alsthom Sa Àœberspannungsbegrenzender Schalter
EP0517618A1 (de) * 1991-06-07 1992-12-09 Stopcircuit Lasttrenngerät für elektrische Schaltung
GB2345187A (en) * 1998-12-24 2000-06-28 Telematic Ltd Metal oxide varistors
EP1826780A1 (de) * 2004-12-13 2007-08-29 Zhonghou Xu Varistor mit temperatursicherung des legierungstyps
WO2008028724A1 (de) * 2006-09-07 2008-03-13 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter mit einem gehäuse und mit mindestens einem ableitelement
DE102008013447A1 (de) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-17 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter mit einem Gehäuse und mindestens einem Ableitelement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3617765A (en) * 1968-04-16 1971-11-02 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Variable closing resistor
US4288833A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-09-08 General Electric Company Lightning arrestor
US4645889A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-02-24 General Electric Company Varistor quenched arc chute for current limiting circuit interrupters
EP0431306A1 (de) * 1989-11-03 1991-06-12 Gec Alsthom Sa Àœberspannungsbegrenzender Schalter
EP0517618A1 (de) * 1991-06-07 1992-12-09 Stopcircuit Lasttrenngerät für elektrische Schaltung
GB2345187A (en) * 1998-12-24 2000-06-28 Telematic Ltd Metal oxide varistors
EP1826780A1 (de) * 2004-12-13 2007-08-29 Zhonghou Xu Varistor mit temperatursicherung des legierungstyps
WO2008028724A1 (de) * 2006-09-07 2008-03-13 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter mit einem gehäuse und mit mindestens einem ableitelement
DE102008013447A1 (de) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-17 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter mit einem Gehäuse und mindestens einem Ableitelement

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014131564A1 (de) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-04 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Abtrenn- und umschaltvorrichtung für den überspannungsschutz
CN105009246A (zh) * 2013-03-01 2015-10-28 德恩及索恩两合股份有限公司 用于过电压保护的断开和切换装置
CN105009246B (zh) * 2013-03-01 2017-08-18 德恩及索恩两合股份有限公司 用于过电压保护的断开和切换装置
WO2018115753A1 (fr) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-28 Supergrid Institute Installation électrique haute tension continue et procédé de contrôle d'un appareil de coupure dans une telle installation
CN110326075A (zh) * 2016-12-20 2019-10-11 超级电力研究所有限公司 直流高压电气设备以及在这种设备中控制切断装置的方法
CN110326075B (zh) * 2016-12-20 2021-08-31 超级电力研究所有限公司 直流高压电气设备以及在这种设备中控制切断装置的方法
CN110679053A (zh) * 2017-04-11 2020-01-10 德恩塞两合公司 尤其是用于直流系统的、用于过电压保护的分离和切换装置
US11159013B2 (en) * 2017-04-11 2021-10-26 Dehn Se + Co Kg Disconnection and switch-over device for overvoltage protection, particularly for DC systems
DE102017113558A1 (de) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-20 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzanordnung
DE102017113558B4 (de) 2017-06-20 2020-04-30 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzanordnung
EP4160637A1 (de) * 2021-10-01 2023-04-05 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Trennen von hochspannungsschaltkreisen

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