EP1887667B2 - Zündvorrichtung mit zwei Elektroden für Funkenstrecke und entsprechende Verfahren - Google Patents

Zündvorrichtung mit zwei Elektroden für Funkenstrecke und entsprechende Verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1887667B2
EP1887667B2 EP07356113.6A EP07356113A EP1887667B2 EP 1887667 B2 EP1887667 B2 EP 1887667B2 EP 07356113 A EP07356113 A EP 07356113A EP 1887667 B2 EP1887667 B2 EP 1887667B2
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Prior art keywords
branch
electrodes
tripping
protection device
main
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1887667B1 (de
EP1887667A1 (de
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Jean Bernard Ducourneau
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ABB France SAS
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ABB France SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
    • H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of devices for protecting installations and electrical equipment against overvoltages, especially against transient overvoltages due to lightning.
  • the present invention more particularly relates to an electrical component comprising at least a first and a second main electrode forming a spark gap, as known from FR-A-2,880,468 and of CH 486 788 .
  • the present invention also relates to a device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, said device being provided with a first and a second connection terminal intended to be connected to said electrical installation.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of triggering an electrical component comprising at least a first and a second main electrode forming a spark gap.
  • the present invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing an electrical component comprising a step of producing at least a first and a second main electrode forming a spark gap.
  • surge arrester or " surge protector” have the essential purpose of grounding fault currents and clipping the overvoltages to values compatible with the behavior of the installation electrical equipment and the equipment to which they are connected.
  • Known surge arresters may be based on different technologies depending on the nature of the protection component they implement.
  • spark gap arresters are known, that is to say using as protection component a device comprising two electrodes placed facing each other, one being electrically connected to the phase to be protected while the the other is electrically connected to the earth. Said electrodes are separated by an insulating zone, formed for example by a gas strip, such as air, or by a dielectric body.
  • This ignition voltage which depends in particular on the distance separating the two electrodes forming the spark gap, is particularly high, generally of the order of several kilovolts.
  • a spark gap arrester can only trip and discharge the fault current to ground when the overvoltage applied to its terminals exceeds the starting voltage.
  • the existence of such a trip threshold has the consequence that the electrical installation to which the spark gap arrester is connected may be exposed, repeatedly, to overvoltages whose value lies between the nominal voltage of operation and the starting voltage.
  • spark gap arresters In order to reduce the starting voltage of spark gap arresters, which in particular means reducing their response time with respect to transient overvoltages, it is known to provide these arresters with pre-triggering auxiliaries which favor the firing an arc when the spark gap is subjected to a surge.
  • the voltage necessary to create a certain spark between the needle and the main electrode is about 7 kilovolts if the distance between said needle and said main electrode is 2 millimeters.
  • the time required to establish an electric arc between the two main electrodes is then of the order of 7 to 8 microseconds.
  • the arresters of the prior art generally use electronic trigger circuits, which often prove to be a weak point of said surge arresters, both technically and on the economic plan.
  • the known tripping circuits which often use a large number of expensive components, are particularly sensitive to the stresses to which they are subjected during the operation of the arrester and age rapidly when they are stressed for the purpose of the flow of fault currents. This relative fragility of the trip circuit tends in practice to prematurely cause the failure of the arrester as a whole, even though the main protective spark gap is still functional.
  • the triggering time of the known spark gap arresters remains relatively high with respect to the characteristic durations of the transient disturbances, so that the level of protection conferred by them remains relatively poor.
  • known spark gap arresters can generally not be used as “Type 2 " surge arresters, that is to say as secondary arresters that offer resistance to indirect lightning currents (modeled by a shock wave 8/20) whose role is to clip surges so that they are not dangerous for sensitive electrical equipment.
  • varistor-type protection components which are particularly expensive and less enduring than spark-gaps vis-à-vis the lightning strikes.
  • the objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the various disadvantages listed above and to propose a protection device comprising a new electric spark gap type component which has an improved priming capability.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new protection device comprising a spark gap-type electric component which is particularly simple, compact and has an optimized cost price.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new protection device comprising a spark gap type electric component which simplifies the installation and maintenance operations.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages which confers an optimized level of protection to the installation to which it is connected.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages that is simple in design and has an optimized cost.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a new device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages which has an increased longevity.
  • a protection device comprising an electrical component comprising at least a first and a second main electrode forming a spark gap, characterized in that it comprises at least a first trigger element and a second trigger element both separate from said first and second main electrodes, said first and second trigger elements being arranged such that a disruptive discharge can occur between them and the occurrence of said discharge disruptive can cause the initiation of an electric arc between the first and second main electrodes.
  • the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a device for protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages, said device being provided with a first and a second connection terminal intended to be connected to said electrical installation, characterized in that it comprises at least one electrical component according to the present invention, the first and the second main electrode of said electrical component being electrically connected to said electrical installation to be protected via said first and second connection terminals.
  • a method of triggering an electrical component comprising at least a first and a second main electrode forming a spark gap, characterized in that it comprises a step (a) during which there is shown a disruptive discharge between at least a first trigger element and a second trigger element both separate from said first and second main electrodes, so that the occurrence of said disruptive discharge can cause the initiation of an electric arc between the first and second main electrodes of said spark gap.
  • a method of manufacturing an electrical component comprising a step of producing at least a first and a second main electrode forming a spark gap, characterized in that it comprises a step (E 1 ) during which one associates at least one first trigger element and a second trigger element both separate from said first and second main electrodes and a step (E 2 ) in which said first and second trigger elements are arranged in such a way that a disruptive discharge may occur between them and the occurrence of said disruptive discharge may cause the initiation of an electric arc between the first and second main electrodes.
  • the electrical component 1 comprises at least a first main electrode 2 and a second main electrode 3, said main electrodes being arranged to form a spark gap 4.
  • Said first and second main electrodes are separated by an inter-electrode space 5 formed of an insulating material, such as gas, in particular air, or a dielectric solid body.
  • an insulating material such as gas, in particular air, or a dielectric solid body.
  • the electrical component 1 comprises at least a first trigger element 10 and a second trigger element 11, both of which are distinct from said first and second main electrodes 2, 3, and arranged in such a way that a disruptive discharge 12 may appear between them and the appearance of said disruptive discharge 12 may cause the initiation of an electric arc 6 between the first and second main electrodes 2, 3.
  • the use of a pair of trigger elements 10, 11 separate from the main electrodes 2, 3 facilitates the appearance of the arc. electrical 6 by accelerating the ionization of the inter-electrode space 5 and reducing the necessary starting voltage between the first and the second main electrode, compared to what would be observed in a spark gap comprising two main electrodes and a single trigger element.
  • such an arrangement according to the invention is also likely to limit the intensity of the electric current flowing through the triggering elements 10, 11.
  • the first trigger element 10 is formed by a first auxiliary electrode 14.
  • the second trigger element 11 is preferably formed by a second auxiliary electrode 15.
  • the first and second triggering elements 10, 11 extend, at least in part, into the inter-electrode space 5 which separates the first main electrode 2 from the second main electrode 3.
  • the electrical environment between said auxiliary electrodes 2, 3 can be modified, in particular by ionizing the corresponding part of the internal space. electrodes 5, and thus create, in the vicinity of the main electrodes 2, 3, conditions conducive to the initiation of an electric arc 6.
  • the first and second main electrodes 2, 3 delimit a flared, preferably substantially V-shaped, inter-electrode gap 5, said inter-electrode gap 5 extending between a narrow section 5A and a wide section 5B.
  • This variant embodiment of the electrical component 1 according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for the production of a device of the lightning arrestor type intended firstly to rapidly discharge the fault current caused by the arc 6 to the ground. by an overvoltage affecting an electrical installation to be protected and on the other hand to extinguish the electric arc just after the flow of said fault current to cut the current away and ensure continuity of service.
  • the first and second trigger elements 10, 11 are preferably located at the narrow section 5A of the inter-electrode space 5.
  • do the disruptive discharge 12 appears in the vicinity of said narrow section 5A, in particular at the base of the V formed by the main electrodes 2, 3 advantageously makes it possible to exploit the area of the spark gap 4 that is most favorable for the appearance of the electric arc 6.
  • the electrical component 1 according to the invention is in no way limited to a particular geometry of the main electrodes 2, 3, nor to any particular arrangement of the auxiliary electrodes 14, 15.
  • the first and the second second trigger element 10, 11 can be recessed, flush or project into the inter-electrode space 5.
  • the assembly formed by the first and the second trigger element 10, 11 is substantially centered between the first and the second main electrode 2, 3.
  • the first and the second auxiliary electrode 14, 15 are preferably arranged substantially symmetrically with respect to said plane P.
  • the main electrodes 2, 3 consist of substantially flat conductive strips arranged opposite one another so as to form a V whose sagittal plane also corresponds to the sagittal plane of the pair. of auxiliary electrodes 14, 15.
  • the smallest functional distance d 1 which separates the first trigger element 10 from the second trigger element 11 is substantially smaller than the smallest functional distance d 2 which separates the first main electrode 2 from the second main electrode 3 .
  • the minimum functional distance d 1 will preferably correspond to the gap between the active tip 14A of the first auxiliary electrode 14 and the active tip 15A of the second auxiliary electrode 15, that is to say between the ends of said electrodes auxiliaries between which it is sought to show the disruptive discharge 12 (shown in dashed lines).
  • the auxiliary electrodes 14, 15 may be coated or surrounded by an insulating sheath outside their active tips 14A, 15A which remain exposed, so that the disruptive discharge 12 can appear only in a predetermined functional zone, located substantially at said active points 14A, 15A.
  • the auxiliary electrodes 14, 15 may be generally parallel and present locally a zone of approach, such as a constriction constituted by two conductive protuberances projecting towards each other from said auxiliary electrodes, so that the disruptive discharge 12 will appear preferentially at said approach zone.
  • the functional distance separating the main electrodes 2, 3 in the variant embodiment shown in FIG. figure 1 will correspond to the spacing (variable) of the branches of the V, the minimum functional distance d 2 being measured at the narrow section 5A of said V.
  • the voltage required to cause the occurrence of a disruptive discharge 12 between the first and the second trigger element 10, 11 distant from d 1 is advantageously lower than that required for the initiation of an electric arc 6 between the main electrodes 2, 3 distant from d 2 .
  • the triggering elements 10, 11, and more particularly the active tips 14A, 15A of the auxiliary electrodes are sufficiently distant from the main electrodes 2, 3 to avoid any parasitic electric arc formation, c that is, a short-circuit between a trigger element 10, 11 and a main electrode 2, 3, in the normal operation of the component 1.
  • the preferential spatial arrangement of the elements 10, 11 and main electrodes 2, 3 prevents the main electric arc 6 " catches " one of the auxiliary electrodes 14, 15 and is established between a main electrode and an auxiliary electrode .
  • the component 1 according to the invention makes it possible to dissociate substantially the control circuit, serving to stimulate the initiation by means of an ephemeral disruptive discharge, of the power circuit by which flow strong currents.
  • component 1 may advantageously make it possible to separate the tripping and flow functions by dedicating each to a separate circuit.
  • the triggering elements 10, 11, and more particularly the auxiliary electrodes 14, 15, can then advantageously be designed to cause and support " only " a disruptive discharge 12 of moderate power and short duration (spark), while the main electrodes 2, 3 are designed to be able to discharge a high intensity electric current in the form of a relatively more durable electric arc 6, in particular caused by a transient surge due to lightning .
  • the distance d 1 is less than 30% of the distance d 2 , and even more preferably between 10% and 20% of the distance d 2 .
  • the minimum functional distance d 1 separating the first trigger element 10 from the second trigger element 11, and more particularly the first auxiliary electrode 14 from the second auxiliary electrode 15, is between 0.4 mm and 1 mm, while the smallest functional distance d 2 separating the main electrodes 2, 3 is about 3.5 mm.
  • An electrical component 1 can therefore advantageously be used for the production of Type 2 surge arresters. Indeed, since such a component allows the early initiation of an electric arc 6 between its main electrodes 2, 3 when it is subject to a surge caused by lightning, that is to say, it has a relatively low boot voltage, it offers a level of protection perfectly compatible with the holding of relatively sensitive electrical equipment.
  • the main electrodes 2, 3 and the triggering elements 10, 11 are integrated in the same insulating casing having at least four electrical connection poles, for example pins projecting from a face of said casing, of which two are respectively connected to the first and second main electrodes 2, 3 and two are respectively connected to the first and second trigger elements 10, 11.
  • the component 1 can therefore advantageously be in the form of a removable cartridge intended for example to be plugged onto a fixed base.
  • Such an arrangement confers an interchangeability component 1 and therefore facilitates its implementation or its replacement during installation or maintenance of the electrical equipment in which it is used.
  • the electrical component 1 may constitute an encapsulated spark gap closed at atmospheric pressure or a sealed spark gap GDT (Gas Discharge Tube).
  • GDT Gas Discharge Tube
  • spark gap 4 and trigger elements 10, 11 has mainly been described.
  • shape, the dimensions and the arrangement of electrical component 1, and in particular those of main electrodes 2 , 3 and release elements 10, 11, may be subject to modifications or adaptation without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention also relates to the particular use of an electrical component 1 as described above within a protection device 20 of an electrical installation against overvoltages, especially against transient overvoltages due for example to lightning.
  • electrical installation refers to any type of device or network powered electrically and likely to experience voltage disturbances, including transient overvoltages due to lightning.
  • the protective device 20 according to the invention may therefore in particular constitute a surge arrester.
  • the device 20 may advantageously constitute a Type 2 surge arrester in the sense of the IEC 61643-1 standard.
  • spark gap 4 as a protection component in this type of arrester advantageously makes it possible to reconcile increased endurance and lower cost of the device 20 with respect to the Type 2 surge arresters of the prior art which resorts to varistors to form the power circuit.
  • the protection device 20 is in particular intended to be connected bypass (" in parallel ”) on the electrical installation to be protected, and more particularly to be arranged between a phase of the installation to be protected and the earth . It is also conceivable, without departing from the scope of the invention, that the device 1 is connected between the neutral and the earth, between the phase and the neutral, or between two phases to achieve a differential protection.
  • first connection terminal 21 In order to allow the electrical connection of said device 20 to said electrical installation, it is provided with a first connection terminal 21 and a second connection terminal 22.
  • the protective device 20 comprises at least one electrical component 1 according to the invention, the first and the second main electrode 2, 3 of said electrical component 1 being electrically connected to said electrical installation to be protected. via said connection terminals 21, 22.
  • connection terminals 21, 22 may be doubled to allow for example the simultaneous electrical connection to each of said terminals 21, 22 of two separate conductive elements, such as that cables, especially from the installation to be protected.
  • connection terminal 21, 22 and the corresponding main electrode 2, 3 may be direct or indirect.
  • other components in series with the electrical component 1 according to the invention may be associated with other components in series with the electrical component 1 according to the invention.
  • the protection device 20 comprises an activation means 23 connected to the first and second triggering elements 10, 11 for generating a disruptive discharge 12 between said first and second triggering elements 10, 11 so as to be able to cause the triggering an electric arc 6 between the first and second main electrodes 2, 3.
  • said activation means 23 is sensitive to the voltage applied to the connection terminals 21, 22 of the device 20 and designed to generate a disruptive discharge 12 between the first and second triggering elements 10, 11 when said voltage passes a predetermined threshold.
  • the activation means 23 is designed to create a potential difference between the first and the second trigger element 10, 11 and more particularly between the first and the second auxiliary electrode 14, 15.
  • the first or the second trigger element 10, 11 may be electrically connected to the secondary circuit of a transformer TX1 so that it is possible to vary the potential of said trigger element by circulating an electric current. in the primary circuit of said first transformer TX1.
  • the activation means 23 comprises an electronic circuit in parallel associating a gas spark gap 24 and a capacitor C 1 so that, when said gas spark gap 24 is triggered, it bypasses said capacitor C 1 which discharges into the primary circuit of the transformer TX1.
  • the protection device 20 is not limited to a particular embodiment of the activation means 23, other schemes that can be envisaged to generate an electric field, and in particular a voltage pulse, between the auxiliary electrodes 14, 15.
  • the protection device 20 makes it possible to separate the control circuit comprising the activation means 23 and the trip elements 10, 11 of the power circuit formed by the main electrodes 2, 3.
  • the separation can also be carried out or supplemented by separation means, for example electronic means, capable of limiting the intensity of the current flowing in the control circuit, and thus avoiding in particular that said control circuit does not spontaneously tend to short circuit all or part of the power circuit.
  • separation means for example electronic means, capable of limiting the intensity of the current flowing in the control circuit, and thus avoiding in particular that said control circuit does not spontaneously tend to short circuit all or part of the power circuit.
  • separation means for example electronic means, capable of limiting the intensity of the current flowing in the control circuit, and thus avoiding in particular that said control circuit does not spontaneously tend to short circuit all or part of the power circuit.
  • FIG. figure 3 does not differ from that illustrated in figure 2 by the arrangement of the varistors V 1 , V 2 , V 4 which makes it possible to define the limits and the distribution of the electric current likely to flow in the first auxiliary electrode 14 and in the gas spark gap 24.
  • control circuit 10, 11, 23 according to the invention is not stressed at each boot cycle of the spark gap 4, both in power and duration.
  • the activation means 23 is formed by a first varistor V 5 which preferably directly connects the first connection terminal 21 to the first trigger element 10 and a second varistor V 6 which connects, preferably directly, the second connection terminal 22 to the second trigger element 11.
  • Such an activation means unlike those capable of being implemented on the basis of the variants represented on the Figures 2 and 3 , does not have a TX1 voltage amplifier, and simply exploits the " natural " booting phenomenon that allows the occurrence of a disruptive discharge 12 between the auxiliary electrodes 14, 15 when an overvoltage is applied to the connection terminals 21, 22.
  • the rapidity of appearance of said disruptive discharge 12 due to the proximity of said auxiliary electrodes, and the effectiveness of the ionization of the inter-electrode space 5 which results gives this variant of the device 20 performance in terms of response time significantly greater than that of a spark gap 4 alone.
  • the first and the second varistor V 5 , V 6 simultaneously fulfill the roles of activation means 23 and separation means with respect to the power circuit.
  • the protection device 20 may comprise operating indicators 26, as well as safety fusible bridges 25 intended to open the power circuit and / or the control circuit in the event that it flows through a circuit.
  • abnormally high current or abnormally high intensity for example when the spark gap 4 reaches the end of its life under the effect of a conductive pollution.
  • the device 20 comprises a first and a second branch 20A, 20B, each branch containing a component 1, 1 'as described above respectively associated with a corresponding activation means 23, 23'.
  • Said first and second branches 20A, 20B are preferably associated in series to connect together the connection terminals 21, 22 and thus form a power circuit comprising two successive spark gaps 4, 4 '.
  • the elements of the second branch 20B repeat the references of their counterparts of the first branch 20A, with a symbol "'" (prime).
  • the device 20 thus obtained corresponds to the " mirror " association of two identical " simple “ devices, for example similar to that illustrated in FIG. figure 3 .
  • the gaps 4, 4 ' can be electrically connected to each other by means of a " comb " 30 forming the midpoint of the power circuit.
  • the common of the transformer TX1 of the activation circuit 23 of the first branch 20A will preferably be electrically connected to the second connection terminal 22 by a first connecting element 31, while the common of the transformer TX1 'of the circuit d activation 23 'of the second branch 20B will preferably be electrically connected to the first connection terminal 21 by a second connecting element 32.
  • the respective activation means 23, 23 ' are preferably arranged to cooperate in order to cause the simultaneous appearance, between the first and second triggering elements 10, 11, 10', 11 'of each two gaps 4, 4 ', a disruptive discharge 12, 12', so as to place substantially simultaneously said spark gaps in conditions conducive to their respective priming.
  • the assembly formed by the two branches 20A, 20B can advantageously switch quickly to its on state to discharge the fault current, the device 1 having more particularly a global response time, between the occurrence of a surge at its connection terminals 21, 22 and the flow of the fault current through the gaps 4, 4 'between said terminals 21, 22, substantially equal to the response time of a single branch considered separately.
  • the starting voltage of the assembly formed by the two branches 20A, 20B in series will be substantially equal to the ignition voltage of only one of said branches, and not randomly between the voltage of initiation of a branch and the sum of the respective starting voltages of each of the two branches.
  • Such an arrangement therefore makes it possible either to increase the nominal voltage (operating voltage) at the terminals 21, 22 of the device 20 without increasing the starting voltage of the latter or reducing its breaking capacity of the current (after the flow of the defect), or, conversely, to improve the breaking capacity of the device 20 for a given operating voltage.
  • the protection component 1 When the device 20 is electrically connected to an electrical installation to be protected by means of its connection terminals 21, 22, the protection component 1 can be traversed by a discharge current.
  • the protection component 1, and more particularly the spark gap 4 is in its state blocker.
  • the transformer TX1 converts, and preferably amplifies, this current pulse into a voltage pulse applied to the second auxiliary electrode 15, so that a potential difference appears between the first and the second auxiliary electrode 14, 15.
  • the electrical power and more particularly the intensity of the current flowing through the trip elements 10, 11 during their activation remains moderate thanks to the separation varistors V 1 , V 2 , V 3 .
  • This avoids, in particular, the formation of a high-power arc between the auxiliary electrodes 14, 15, which would have the double negative consequence of disrupting the operation of the installation to be protected because of the difficulty it It would have to be extinguished because of the mutual proximity of said auxiliary electrodes 14, 15, and secondly to cause accelerated aging, or even destruction, of the control circuit.
  • This ionization of the inter-electrode space 5 facilitates the switching of the spark gap 4 in its conducting state. It indeed leads to the initiation of an electric arc 6 between the main electrodes 2, 3 for a priming voltage applied between said main electrodes 2, 3 much lower than that which would be necessary for the breakdown of the insulation filling the inter-electrode gap 5 in the absence of the trigger elements 10, 11 (or in the absence of activation thereof). Thus, the response time of the device 20 is considerably shortened.
  • the spark gap 4 When the arc 6 is initiated, the spark gap 4 is able to discharge the high intensity fault current caused by the overvoltage.
  • control circuit according to the invention is solicited for a very short time due to the rapidity of the priming of the arc 6 and therefore the transfer of the energy flow of said control circuit to said power circuit.
  • the electric arc 6 formed between the main electrodes 2, 3 tends to be blown towards the interrupting chamber 16 which facilitates its extinction after the flow of the fault current.
  • Said triggering method comprises a step (a) in which a disruptive discharge 12 is shown between at least a first trigger element 10 and a second trigger element 11, both of which are distinct from said first and second main electrodes 2, 3 , the occurrence of said disruptive discharge 12 can cause the initiation of an electric arc between the first and second main electrodes 2, 3 of said spark gap 4.
  • step (a) comprises a substep (a 1 ) during which a potential difference is applied between a first auxiliary electrode 14 and a second auxiliary electrode 15 which extend, at least in part, in the inter-electrode space 5 which separates the first main electrode 2 from the second main electrode 3.
  • said triggering method when applied to an electrical component 1 within an overvoltage protection device 20 as described above, can constitute a method of protecting an electrical installation against overvoltages.
  • said method may comprise a step (b) in which the voltage applied to the connection terminals 21, 22 is evaluated and it is decided to implement step (a) if said voltage exceeds a value predetermined threshold.
  • the steps (a) and (b) can be intimately linked by the use of an activation means 23 sensitive to the voltage applied to the connection terminals 21, 22, as described above, in order to stimulate the initiation of an electric arc 6 concomitantly with the appearance of an overvoltage audites terminals 21, 22.
  • an electrical component 1 comprising a step of producing at least a first and a second main electrode 2, 3 forming a spark gap 4, said manufacturing method comprising a step (E 1 ) during of which is associated with said spark gap 4 at least a first trigger element 10 and a second trigger element 11, both distinct from said first and second main electrodes 2, 3, and a step (E 2 ) in which one arranging said first and second triggering elements 10, 11 such that a disruptive discharge can occur between them and that the occurrence of said disruptive discharge can cause the initiation of an electric arc 6 between the first and second main electrodes 2, 3.
  • steps (E 1 ) and (E 2 ) can advantageously be simultaneous and merged.
  • the step (E 1 ) may comprise a substep during which the spark gap 4 formed by said first and second main electrodes 2 3 prefabricated subassembly comprising the first and the second triggering element 10, 11.
  • a new trigger subassembly comprising for example two auxiliary electrodes 14, 15 held in a base insulating of appropriate dimensions, said base being connectable between the main electrodes 2, 3 of the existing spark gap.
  • the aforementioned manufacturing method can be implemented for the production of an overvoltage protection device 20 according to the invention, and constitute for example a lightning arrester manufacturing method.
  • such a method of manufacturing an overvoltage protection device 20 further comprises a step (E 3 ) in which the auxiliary electrodes 14, 15 are electrically connected to an activation means 23 as described. previously.
  • the electrical component 1 according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to provide particularly effective overvoltage protection devices which make it possible to reconcile the good resistance of spark gaps with respect to lightning currents with a low starting voltage.
  • the excellent level of protection afforded by the electrical component according to the invention allows in particular its use in Type 2 surge arresters according to the IEC 61643-1 standard.
  • Such surge arresters in accordance with the invention combine robustness and simplicity, and therefore have increased durability and reduced manufacturing cost, particularly with respect to prior art devices which employ varistors as protection components.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Vorrichtung (20) zum Schutz einer elektrischen Einrichtung vor Überspannungen, wobei die Vorrichtung (20) mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Steckanschluss (21, 22) ausgestattet ist, die dazu bestimmt sind, an die elektrische Einrichtung angeschlossen zu werden, wobei die Vorrichtung einen ersten und einen zweiten Zweig (20A, 20B) umfasst, wobei jeder Zweig (20A; 20B) ein elektrisches Bauelement (1) umfasst, die Folgendes umfasst:
    - eine erste Hauptelektrode (2; 2') und eine zweite Hauptelektrode (3; 3'), die eine Funkenstrecke (4; 4`) bilden, wobei die Zweige (20A, 20B) in Reihe geschaltet sind, um die Steckanschlüsse (21, 22) untereinander zu verbinden und einen Leistungsschaltkreis zu bilden, der nacheinander die zwei Funkenstrecke (4, 4') umfasst, wobei die erste und die zweite Hauptelektrode (2, 3; 2`, 3') des elektrischen Bauelements (1) von jedem Zweig über die Steckanschlüsse (21, 22) elektrisch mit der zu schützenden elektrischen Einrichtung verbunden sind; und
    - wenigstens ein erstes Element zum Auslösen (10; 10') und ein zweites Element zum Auslösen (11; 11'), die beide von der ersten und der zweiten Hauptelektrode (2, 3; 2', 3') sich unterscheiden, wobei das erste und das zweite Element zum Auslösen (10, 11; 10', 11') derart angeordnet sind, dass zwischen ihnen eine Durchschlagsentladung (12) auftreten kann und dass das Auftreten der Durchschlagsentladung (12) die Zündung eines Lichtbogens (6) zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Hauptelektrode (2, 3; 2', 3`) hervorrufen kann,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzvorrichtung Mittel zum Aktivieren (23, 23') umfasst, die angeordnet sind, um das gleichzeitige Auftreten einer Durchschlagsentladung zwischen den jeweiligen ersten und zweiten Elementen zum Auslösen (10, 11; 10', 11') der zwei Funkenstrecke (4, 4') hervorzurufen und damit die Zündspannung der Anordnung, die durch die zwei Zweige (20A, 20B) gebildet ist, im Wesentlichen gleich der Zündspannung von einem einzigen der Zweige ist.
  2. Schutzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste und das zweite Element zum Auslösen (10, 11) für wenigstens einen Zweig durch eine erste Hilfselektrode (14) beziehungsweise eine zweite Hilfselektrode (15) gebildet sind.
  3. Schutzvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das erste und das zweite Element zum Auslösen (10, 11) für wenigstens einen Zweig wenigstens teilweise in dem Zwischenelektrodenraum (5) erstrecken, der die erste Hauptelektrode (2) von der zweiten Hauptelektrode (3) trennt.
  4. Schutzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die durch das erste und das zweite Element zum Auslösen (10, 11) gebildete Anordnung für wenigstens einen Zweig im Wesentlichen in der Mitte zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Hauptelektrode (2, 3) befindet.
  5. Schutzvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der kleinste funktionelle Abstand (d1), der das erste Element zum Auslösen (10) von dem zweiten Element zum Auslösen (11) trennt, für wenigstens einen Zweig im Wesentlichen geringer ist als der kleinste funktionelle Abstand (d2), der die erste Hauptelektrode (2) von der zweiten Hauptelektrode (3) trennt.
  6. Schutzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand (d1), der das erste Element zum Auslösen (10) von dem zweiten Element zum Auslösen (11) trennt, für wenigstens einen Zweig geringer als 30 % des Abstands (d2) ist, der die erste Hauptelektrode (2) von der zweiten Hauptelektrode (3) trennt und vorzugsweise zwischen 10 % und 20 % des Abstands (d2) liegt.
  7. Schutzvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der minimale funktionelle Abstand (d1), der das erste Element zum Auslösen (10) von dem zweiten Element zum Auslösen (11) trennt, für wenigstens einen Zweig zwischen 0,4 mm und 1 mm liegt.
  8. Schutzvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und die zweite Hauptelektrode (2, 3) für wenigstens einen Zweig einen sich erweiternden Zwischenelektrodenraum (5) begrenzen, der vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen V-förmig ist, wobei sich der Zwischenelektrodenraum (5) zwischen einem schmalen Abschnitt (5A) und einem breiten Abschnitt (5B) erstreckt.
  9. Schutzvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste und das zweite Element zum Auslösen (10, 11) sich im Bereich des schmalen Abschnitts (5A) des Zwischenelektrodenraums (5) befinden.
  10. Schutzvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hauptelektroden (2, 3) und die Elemente zum Auslösen (10, 11) für wenigstens einen Zweig in demselben isolierenden Gehäuse integriert sind, das wenigstens vier elektrische Anschlusspole aufweist, von denen zwei mit der ersten beziehungsweise der zweiten Hauptelektrode (2, 3) verbunden sind und zwei mit dem ersten beziehungsweise dem zweiten Element zum Auslösen (10, 11) verbunden sind.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Aktivieren (23) empfindlich gegenüber der an die Anschlüsse (21, 22) der Vorrichtung (20) angelegten Spannung sind und konzipiert sind, um eine Durchschlagsentladung (12) zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Element zum Auslösen (10, 11) von jedem Zweig zu erzeugen, wenn die Spannung eine vorbestimmte Schwelle überschreitet.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Aktivieren (23) für wenigstens einen Zweig konzipiert sind, um eine Potentialdifferenz zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Element zum Auslösen (10, 11) herzustellen.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste oder das zweite Mittel zum Auslösen (10, 11) für wenigstens einen Zweig derart elektrisch mit dem Sekundärkreis eines Transformators (TX1) verbunden ist, dass es möglich ist, das Potential des Elements zum Auslösen (10, 11) zu verändern, indem elektrischer Strom in dem Primärkreis des Transformators (TX1) zum Zirkulieren gebracht wird.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Aktivieren (23) eine elektronische Schaltung umfassen, die einen Gasfunkenstrecke (24) und einen Kondensator (C1) derart parallel verbindet, dass wenn der Gasfunkenstrecke (24) ausgelöst wird, er den Kondensator (C1) kurzschließt, der sich in dem Primärkreis des Transformators (TX1) entlädt.
  15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Aktivieren (23) aus einem ersten Varistor (V1, V4, V4`, V5), der den ersten Steckanschluss (21), vorzugsweise direkt, mit dem ersten Element zum Auslösen (10) von wenigstens einem Zweig verbindet, und einem zweiten Varistor (V3, V3`, V6) gebildet sind, der den zweiten Steckanschluss (22), vorzugsweise direkt, mit dem zweiten Element zum Auslösen (11) von dem wenigstens einen Zweig verbindet.
  16. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Überspannungsschutz bildet.
  17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Überspannungsschutz vom Typ 2 im Sinne der Norm IEC 61643-1 bildet.
EP07356113.6A 2006-08-11 2007-08-09 Zündvorrichtung mit zwei Elektroden für Funkenstrecke und entsprechende Verfahren Active EP1887667B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0607316A FR2904893B1 (fr) 2006-08-11 2006-08-11 Dispositif d'amorcage a deux electrodes pour eclateur et procedes correspondants

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EP1887667A1 EP1887667A1 (de) 2008-02-13
EP1887667B1 EP1887667B1 (de) 2010-05-19
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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2959617B1 (fr) * 2010-04-30 2012-05-11 Abb France Enveloppe de protection pour paratonnerre a dispositif d'amorcage
EP2521228B1 (de) * 2011-05-05 2014-01-01 ABB Research Ltd. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum schnellen Schließen eines Stromkreises und Verwendung der Vorrichtung
FR3025935B1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2017-12-01 Abb France Organe de coupure d’un dispositif de protection d’une installation electrique contre la foudre
DE102017218584B4 (de) * 2017-10-18 2020-01-09 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Gasgefüllter Überspannungsableiter und Überspannungsschutzschaltung
EP3561973A1 (de) * 2018-04-23 2019-10-30 ABB Schweiz AG Schutzvorrichtung, die für das fliessen eines entladestroms konfiguriert ist

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH486788A (de) † 1968-08-28 1970-02-28 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Uberspannungsableiter
DE2005988A1 (de) † 1969-02-24 1971-09-02 Gen Electric Überspannungsableiter
DE2530852A1 (de) † 1974-07-10 1976-02-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Elektrische funkenstreckenvorrichtung
DD147174A1 (de) † 1979-10-26 1981-03-18 Dieter Sapich Schaltungsanordnung zur triggerung einer ausloesefunkenstrecke fuer tragbare blitzspannungspruefgeraete
EP0933860A1 (de) † 1998-02-02 1999-08-04 PHOENIX CONTACT GmbH & Co. Überspannungsschutzsystem

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EP0793318A1 (de) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 Felten & Guilleaume Austria Ag Überspannungs-Ableiteinrichtung
FR2770939B1 (fr) * 1997-11-12 2000-01-28 Soule Materiel Electr Dispositif eclateur pour la protection de lignes electriques et/ou d'appareils electriques contre des surtensions temporaires
FR2864711B1 (fr) * 2003-12-30 2006-04-21 Soule Protection Surtensions Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions avec eclateurs en parallele a declenchement simultane
US20090021881A1 (en) * 2004-07-26 2009-01-22 Vincent Andre Lucien Crevenat Overvoltage protection device with improved leakage-current-interrupting capacity
FR2873865B1 (fr) * 2004-07-27 2006-11-10 Soule Prot Surtensions Sa Dispositif de protection contre les surtensions a pouvoir de coupure ameliore
FR2880468B1 (fr) * 2005-01-04 2007-04-06 Soule Prot Surtensions Sa Appareil de protection d'une installation electrique a capacite de coupure amelioree

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH486788A (de) † 1968-08-28 1970-02-28 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Uberspannungsableiter
DE2005988A1 (de) † 1969-02-24 1971-09-02 Gen Electric Überspannungsableiter
DE2530852A1 (de) † 1974-07-10 1976-02-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Elektrische funkenstreckenvorrichtung
DD147174A1 (de) † 1979-10-26 1981-03-18 Dieter Sapich Schaltungsanordnung zur triggerung einer ausloesefunkenstrecke fuer tragbare blitzspannungspruefgeraete
EP0933860A1 (de) † 1998-02-02 1999-08-04 PHOENIX CONTACT GmbH & Co. Überspannungsschutzsystem

Also Published As

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DE602007006597D1 (de) 2010-07-01
FR2904893B1 (fr) 2008-10-10
EP1887667B1 (de) 2010-05-19
EP1887667A1 (de) 2008-02-13
FR2904893A1 (fr) 2008-02-15
ATE468639T1 (de) 2010-06-15

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