EP2449063A1 - Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as an additive for improving the resistance to cold of liquid hydrocarbons such as middle distillates and fuels - Google Patents

Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as an additive for improving the resistance to cold of liquid hydrocarbons such as middle distillates and fuels

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Publication number
EP2449063A1
EP2449063A1 EP10734559A EP10734559A EP2449063A1 EP 2449063 A1 EP2449063 A1 EP 2449063A1 EP 10734559 A EP10734559 A EP 10734559A EP 10734559 A EP10734559 A EP 10734559A EP 2449063 A1 EP2449063 A1 EP 2449063A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuels
ppm
copolymer
additives
filterability
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10734559A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2449063B2 (en
EP2449063B1 (en
Inventor
Erwan Chevrot
Laurent Dalix
Frédéric Tort
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TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
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Total Raffinage Marketing SA
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
    • C10L10/16—Pour-point depressants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/043—Kerosene, jet fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • C10L2200/0446—Diesel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
    • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
    • C10L2200/0476—Biodiesel, i.e. defined lower alkyl esters of fatty acids first generation biodiesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of alpha-olefin, vinyl ester and alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymers as additives for improving the cold-running performance of fuels and lubricants, as well as fuel oils and lubricants. packages containing these copolymers.
  • the hydrocarbon compositions especially those based on middle distillate type containing paraffin waxes, such as for example diesel fuels and heating fuel oils have a significant decrease in their flow properties. It is well known that the crystallization of paraffins is a limiting factor for the use of middle distillates. Also, it is important to prepare diesel fuels adapted to the temperatures at which they will be used in motorized vehicles, that is to say to the surrounding climate. Generally, cold operability of fuels at -10 0 C is sufficient in many hot or temperate countries. But in countries with a cold climate, such as the Scandinavian countries, Canada and the countries of North Asia, it is possible to reach fuel consumption temperatures well below -20 0 C.
  • paraffins are crystallized at the bottom of the tank, they can be driven to start in the fuel system and particularly clog filters and prefilters arranged upstream of the injection systems (pump and injectors).
  • paraffins precipitate at the bottom of the tank and can be driven and obstruct the pipes upstream of the pump and the boiler supply system (nozzle and filter). It is obvious that the presence of solids, such as paraffin crystals, prevents the normal circulation of the middle distillate.
  • CFI cold flow improvers
  • the prior art also provides conventional CFI ethylene / unsaturated ester additive mixtures with lubricating agents (mono- or polycarboxylic acid esters and mono- or polyalcohols (see, for example EP 721 492), with anti-settling agents (see, for example, FR 2 490 669), with ethers (see for example US Pat. No. 3,999,960, EP 1 87 488).
  • lubricating agents mono- or polycarboxylic acid esters and mono- or polyalcohols
  • anti-settling agents see, for example, FR 2 490 669
  • ethers see for example US Pat. No. 3,999,960, EP 1 87 488).
  • CFI additives which are terpolymers or copolymers derived from more than 3 different monomers.
  • US Pat. No. 6,509,424 describes a process for the preparation of terpolymers of ethylene and at least two compounds containing ethylenic unsaturations, such as vinyl esters, (meth) acrylic esters and alkyl vinyl ethers in a tubular reactor. .
  • terpolymers can be used as additives improving the cold flow of oils and petroleum distillates.
  • No. 3,642,459 describes terpolymers comprising 40 to 89% by weight of ethylene, 10 to
  • vinyl ester derived from short chain (C2-C4) carboxylic acid such as vinyl acetate, and unsaturated monoesters having a C10-C22 alkyl chain; these terpolymers are used as additives to lower the pour point of petroleum distillates and as anti-waxing agents and to improve their filterability.
  • WO 2005/054314 describes terpolymers of alpha olefin, vinyl ester and alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester used.
  • Terpolymers particularly preferred by the applicant, which contain more than 80 mol% of ethylene and less than 9 mol% of vinyl acetate are exemplified.
  • these terpolymers containing less than 9 mol% of vinyl acetate although having an effect on the reduction of TLF for middle distillates containing more than 18% of n-paraffins, are not satisfactory for on the one hand solubility and secondly the tendency to clogging (or filterability at room temperature): there is harmful filter clogging.
  • EP 1,391,498 discloses additives improving the low temperature fluidity of middle distillates which are vinyl polymers (A), preferably ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, the amount of hexane insoluble materials exceeding 60% by weight at -20 0 C and is less than 30% by weight at 10 0 C; the examples of EP 1.391.498 clearly show that the filterability temperature (CFPP) is lowered for copolymers and terpolymers whose amount of hexane-insoluble matter exceeds 60% by weight at -20 ° C.
  • CFPP filterability temperature
  • copolymers and terpolymers having the same units of recurrence present in the same proportions but the amount of hexane insoluble material is outside the range claimed;
  • copolymers exemplified are EVA copolymers and ethylene-vinyl acetate-neodecanoate or 2-ethylhexanoate vinyl terpolymers.
  • the present invention relates to the use of copolymers as additives improving the cold resistance of fuels (CFI additives); these copolymers contain units derived from at least one alpha-olefin, at least one vinyl ester and at least one alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester, and are preferably terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and ethyl-2-acrylate, hexyl.
  • copolymers according to the invention which can be used as CFI additives comprise:
  • the copolymers that can be used as CFI additives are inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD in which A, B, C and D represent the vertices of said quadrilateral and correspond to the molar percentages of at least the vinyl ester and at least one of alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester:
  • the copolymers that can be used as CFI additives are inscribed in a quadrilateral AiBCiD in which A 1 , B, Ci and D represent the vertices of said quadrilateral and correspond to the molar percentages of at least the vinyl ester and of at least 1 alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester:
  • the copolymers according to the invention which are random copolymers have a number-average molecular weight (Mw) measured by GPC in general of between 3,000 and 30,000, and a number-average molecular weight (Mn) measured by GPC in general between 1,000 and 15,000.
  • copolymers can be prepared in known manner by any polymerization process (see for example, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th Edition, "Waxes” Vol A 28, p.146;. US 3,627,838; EP 7590 ) in particular by radical polymerization, preferably under high pressure, typically of the order of 1000 to 3000 bar (100 to 300 MPa), preferably from 1500 to 2000 bar (150 to 200 MPa), the temperatures of reaction generally ranging from 160 to 320 ° C., preferably from 200 to 280 ° C., and in the presence of at least one radical initiator chosen in general from organic peroxides and / or oxygenated or nitrogen compounds, and from molecular weight regulator (ketone or aliphatic aldehyde, ).
  • the copolymers may for example be prepared in a tabular reactor according to the process described in US 6,509,424.
  • hydrocarbon-based compositions in which the copolymers according to the invention are incorporated are chosen from all types of fuel oils or fuels, such as diesel fuels, heating oil for heating installations (FOD), kerosene, aviation fuel oil, fuel oil. heavy, etc.
  • fuel oils or fuels such as diesel fuels, heating oil for heating installations (FOD), kerosene, aviation fuel oil, fuel oil. heavy, etc.
  • the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon compositions is less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm, and more preferably less than 50 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm and advantageous without sulfur.
  • the hydrocarbon-based compositions comprise middle distillates with a boiling point of between 100 and 500 ° C. their starting crystallization temperature Tcc is often greater than or equal to -20 ° C., generally between -15 ° C. and + 10 ° C.
  • These distillates may, for example, be chosen from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydrotreated distillates, distillates from catalytic cracking and / or hydrocracking of vacuum distillates, distillates resulting from conversion processes such as ARDS (by atmospheric residue desulphurisation) and / or visbreaking, distillates from the recovery of Fischer Tropsch cuts, distillates resulting from BTL (biomass to liquid) conversion of plant and / or animal biomass, taken alone or in combination and / or esters of vegetable and animal oils or mixtures thereof.
  • ARDS by atmospheric residue desulphurisation
  • BTL biomass to liquid
  • the hydrocarbon compositions may also contain distillates resulting from more complex refining operations than those resulting from the direct distillation of hydrocarbons which may for example be derived from cracking, hydrocracking and / or catalytic cracking processes and visbreaking processes.
  • distillates may also contain new sources of distillates, among which may be mentioned in particular:
  • oils and / or esters of vegetable and / or animal oils
  • These new fuel bases can be used alone or in combination with conventional middle oil distillates as fuel base and / or base of domestic fuel oil; they generally comprise long paraffinic chains greater than or equal to 10 carbon atoms and preferably C14 to C30.
  • copolymers as defined previously of Mw between 5,000 and 27,000 and Mn between 1,500 and 22,000, preferably Mw between 5,000 and 25,000 and Mn between 1,500 and 20,000 are particularly effective. when incorporated into light and / or low-sulfur middle distillates (typically less than 50 ppm) and / or low starting crystallization temperature (typically up to
  • Light middle distillates means distillates whose n-paraffin content
  • C18-C23 n-paraffins represent about 3 to about 5% of the total weight of the fuel and whose weight ratio of C18-C23 n-paraffins to paraffins C24 and higher is generally from 10 to 35.
  • heavy middle distillates distillates having a n-paraffin content of 24 or more carbon atoms ranging from about 0.7 to about 2% by weight of the total fuel composition; wherein the C18-C23 n-paraffins represent about 1 to about 10% of the total weight of the fuel and whose mass ratio of C18-C23 n-paraffins to C24 + paraffins is generally from 1 to 10.
  • copolymers may be added as such in the hydrocarbon compositions or, preferably, in the form of concentrated solutions, in particular solutions containing from 50 to 80%, preferably from 60 to 70% by weight of copolymer (s) in a mixture.
  • solvent such as aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, alone or as a mixture (naphtha, kerosene, hydrocarbon fractions, such as solvent Solvesso, paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane.
  • the hydrocarbon compositions comprise from 10 to 5000 ppm by weight of at least one copolymer described above, preferably from 100 to 1000 ppm, and advantageously from 150 to 500 ppm.
  • the hydrocarbon compositions may also contain one or more other additives different from the copolymers according to the invention, chosen from detergents, anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, defoamers, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion promoters and soot) , cloud point improvers, pour point, filterability limit temperature, anti-settling agents, anti-wear agents and / or conductivity modifiers.
  • additives different from the copolymers according to the invention, chosen from detergents, anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, defoamers, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion promoters and soot) , cloud point improvers, pour point, filterability limit temperature, anti-settling agents, anti-wear agents and
  • procetane additives in particular (but not limited to) selected from alkyl nitrates, preferably 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate, aroyl peroxides, preferably benzyl peroxide, and alkyl peroxides, preferably ter-butyl peroxide;
  • anti-foam additives in particular (but not limited to) selected from polysiloxanes, oxyalkylated polysiloxanes, and fatty acid amides from vegetable or animal oils.
  • anti-foam additives examples are given in EP 861 882, EP 663 000, EP 736 590;
  • detergent and / or anti-corrosion additives in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of amines, succinimides, alkenylsuccinimides, polyalkylamines, polyalkyl polyamines and polyetheramines. Examples of such additives are given in EP 938,535.
  • lubricant additive or anti-wear agent in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives .
  • lubricant additive or anti-wear agent selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives .
  • examples of such additives are given in the following documents: EP 680 506, EP 860 494, WO 98/04656, EP 915 944, FR 2 772 783, FR 2 772 784.
  • cloud point additives including (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of long-chain olefin terpolymers / (meth) acrylic ester / maleimide, and fumaric acid / maleic acid ester polymers. Examples of such additives are given in EP 71 513, EP 100 248, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 423, EP 1 12 195, EP 1 727 58, EP 271 385, EP 291367;
  • anti-sedimentation additives and / or paraffin dispersants in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of scolymers (meth) acrylic acid / polyamine amidated alkyl (meth) acrylate; polyamine alkenyl succinimides, phthalamic acid derivatives and double chain fatty amine derivatives; alkyl phenol resins.
  • scolymers meth) acrylic acid / polyamine amidated alkyl (meth) acrylate
  • polyamine alkenyl succinimides, phthalamic acid derivatives and double chain fatty amine derivatives alkyl phenol resins.
  • Examples of such additives are given in EP 261,959, EP593,331, EP 674,689, EP 327,423, EP 512,889, EP 832,172; US 2005/0223631; US 5,998,530; WO 93/14178.
  • polyfunctional cold operability additives selected from the group consisting of olefin and alkenyl nitrate polymers as described in EP 573,490;
  • additives are generally added in an amount ranging from 100 to 1000 ppm (each).
  • the improved cold-strength additives according to the invention may be added to the hydrocarbon compositions within the refinery, and / or may be incorporated downstream of the refinery, optionally mixed with other additives, in the form of a package. or package of additives.
  • high-pressure radical polymerization (1400 to 2500 bar (140 to 250 MPa) and a polymerization temperature of 200 to 280 ° C. are synthesized by terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and The synthesis is carried out using an aliphatic aldehyde (propanal) to control the molecular weights and using peroxides as polymerization initiators
  • Mn are indicated.
  • Table 1 Characteristics of synthesized polymers
  • Table 4 TLF efficiency tests on 2 gas oils with low sulfur content.
  • the terpolymer 17 according to the invention is the most effective on the GOM 1 gas oil. Moreover, from the results of Table 3, it can be seen that the terpolymer 17 added at the rate of 400 ppm in the GOM 1 does not degrade. the tendency to clogging. This is not the case of comparative terpolymers 6; 7; 16 and 18 according to WO 2005/054314 which greatly degrade the clogging tendency measured according to IP 387 and are not as effective in TLF as the additive 17 of the invention.

Abstract

The invention relates to the use, as an additive improving the resistance to cold and carbide filterability of fuels, of at least one copolymer including: 81 to 87 mol % of at least one alpha-olefin, preferably of at least ethylene; 10.5 to less than 12 mol % of at least one vinyl ester, preferably of at least vinyl acetate; and 1 to 8 mol % of at least one alpha-beta unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester, preferably of at least ethyl-2 or hexyl acrylate.

Description

TERPOLYMERE ETHYLENE/ACETATE DE VINYLE /ESTERS INSATURES COMME ADDITIF AMELIORANT LA TENUE A FROID DES HYDROCARBURES LIQUIDES COMME LES DISTILLATS MOYENS ET LES CARBURANTS OU COMBUSTIBLES Domaine technique.  TERPOLYMER ETHYLENE / VINYL ACETATE / UNSATURATED ESTERS AS ADDITIVES TO ENHANCE COLD COLD LIQUID HYDROCARBONS SUCH AS MEDIUM DISTILLATES AND FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES Technical Field.
L'invention concerne l'utilisation de copolymères d'alpha-oléfine, d'ester vinylique et d'ester d'acide carboxylique alpha, beta insaturé comme additifs améliorant la tenue à froid de carburants et lubrifiants ainsi que les fuel-oils et les packages contenant ces copolymères.  The invention relates to the use of alpha-olefin, vinyl ester and alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymers as additives for improving the cold-running performance of fuels and lubricants, as well as fuel oils and lubricants. packages containing these copolymers.
Art antérieur.  Prior art.
A température réduite, les compositions d'hydrocarbures, notamment à base de type distillats moyens contenant des cires paraffiniques, tels que par exemple les carburants diesel et les fiouls pour chauffage présentent une diminution significative de leurs propriétés d'écoulement. Il est bien connu que la cristallisation des paraffines est un facteur limitatif de l'utilisation des distillats moyens. Aussi, il est important de préparer des carburants diesel adaptés aux températures auxquelles ils seront utilisés dans les véhicules motorisés, c'est-à-dire au climat environnant. Généralement, une opérabilité à froid des carburants à -100C est suffisante dans de nombreux pays chauds ou tempérés. Mais dans des pays de climat froid, comme les pays Scandinaves, le Canada et les pays d'Asie du Nord, on peut atteindre des températures d'utilisation des carburants bien inférieures à -200C. Il en est de même pour les fiouls domestiques stockés à l'extérieur des bâtiments (maisons, immeubles, ...). Cette adéquation de l'opérabilité à froid des carburants de type distillats moyen est importante, notamment au démarrage à froid des moteurs. Si les paraffines sont cristallisées au fond du réservoir, elles peuvent être entraînées au démarrage dans le circuit de carburant et colmater notamment les filtres et préfiltres disposés en amont des systèmes d'injection (pompe et injecteurs). De même pour le stockage des fiouls domestiques, les paraffines précipitent en fond de cuve et peuvent être entraînées et obstruer les conduites en amont de la pompe et du système d'alimentation de la chaudière (gicleur et filtre). Il est évident que la présence de solides, tels que les cristaux de paraffines, empêche la circulation normale du distillât moyen. At reduced temperature, the hydrocarbon compositions, especially those based on middle distillate type containing paraffin waxes, such as for example diesel fuels and heating fuel oils have a significant decrease in their flow properties. It is well known that the crystallization of paraffins is a limiting factor for the use of middle distillates. Also, it is important to prepare diesel fuels adapted to the temperatures at which they will be used in motorized vehicles, that is to say to the surrounding climate. Generally, cold operability of fuels at -10 0 C is sufficient in many hot or temperate countries. But in countries with a cold climate, such as the Scandinavian countries, Canada and the countries of North Asia, it is possible to reach fuel consumption temperatures well below -20 0 C. The same applies to fuel oils domestic stored outside buildings (houses, buildings, ...). This adequacy of the cold operability of the middle distillate type fuels is important, especially when the engines start cold. If the paraffins are crystallized at the bottom of the tank, they can be driven to start in the fuel system and particularly clog filters and prefilters arranged upstream of the injection systems (pump and injectors). Similarly for the storage of domestic fuel oils, paraffins precipitate at the bottom of the tank and can be driven and obstruct the pipes upstream of the pump and the boiler supply system (nozzle and filter). It is obvious that the presence of solids, such as paraffin crystals, prevents the normal circulation of the middle distillate.
Pour améliorer leur circulation soit dans le moteur, soit vers les chaudières, plusieurs types d'additifs ont vu le jour.  To improve their circulation either in the engine or to the boilers, several types of additives have emerged.
Dans un premier temps, l'industrie pétrolière s'est attachée au développement des additifs dits fluidifiants à froid (en anglais cold flow improvers ou CFI) favorisant la dispersion des cristaux de paraffines et les empêchant ainsi de s'organiser en réseaux de grande taille, responsables de l'obstruction des pores de filtre. Ces additifs agissent essentiellement sur la température limite de filtrabilité (TLF) et le point d'écoulement, mais ne modifient pas le point de trouble. Initially, the oil industry focused on the development of so-called cold flow improvers (CFI), which promotes the dispersion of paraffin crystals and prevents them from organizing into large networks. , responsible for clogging the filter pores. These additives act essentially on the Filterability limit (TLF) and pour point, but do not change the cloud point.
L'art antérieur a décrit de nombreux additifs CFI (voir par exemple US 3 048 479, The prior art has described numerous CFI additives (see for example US 3,048,479, US Pat.
US 3 627 838, US 3 790 359, US 3 961 961, EP 261 957) qui sont en général des copolymères d'éthylène et d'ester insaturé, tels que copolymères éthylène/acétate de vinyle (EVA), éthylène/propionate de vinyle (EVP), éthylène/éthanoate de vinyle (EVE), éthylène/méthacrylate de méthyle (EMMA), et éthylène/fumarate d'alkyle. US 3,627,838, US 3,790,359, US 3,961,961, EP 261,957) which are generally copolymers of ethylene and unsaturated ester, such as ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, ethylene / propionate vinyl (EVP), ethylene / vinyl ethanoate (EVE), ethylene / methyl methacrylate (EMMA), and ethylene / alkyl fumarate.
Pour améliorer les propriétés des CFI conventionnels, l'art antérieur propose également des mélanges d'additifs conventionnels CFI de type éthylène/ester insaturé avec des agents lubrifiants (esters d'acide mono- ou polycarboxylique et de mono- ou polyalcools (voir par exemple EP 721 492), avec des agents anti-sédimentation (voir par exemple FR 2 490 669), avec des éthers (voir par exemple US 3 999 960, EPl 87 488).  To improve the properties of conventional CFIs, the prior art also provides conventional CFI ethylene / unsaturated ester additive mixtures with lubricating agents (mono- or polycarboxylic acid esters and mono- or polyalcohols (see, for example EP 721 492), with anti-settling agents (see, for example, FR 2 490 669), with ethers (see for example US Pat. No. 3,999,960, EP 1 87 488).
On trouve également des additifs CFI améliorés qui sont des terpolymères ou des copolymères dérivant de plus de 3 monomères distincts.  There are also improved CFI additives which are terpolymers or copolymers derived from more than 3 different monomers.
Par exemple, US 6 509 424 décrit un procédé de préparation de terpolymères d'éthylène et d'au moins deux composés contenant des insaturations éthyléniques, tels que des esters vinyliques, des esters (méth)acryliques, des éthers alkyl vinyliques dans un réacteur tubulaire. For example, US Pat. No. 6,509,424 describes a process for the preparation of terpolymers of ethylene and at least two compounds containing ethylenic unsaturations, such as vinyl esters, (meth) acrylic esters and alkyl vinyl ethers in a tubular reactor. .
Ces terpolymères peuvent être utilisés comme additifs améliorant l'écoulement à froid des pétroles et des distillats de pétrole. These terpolymers can be used as additives improving the cold flow of oils and petroleum distillates.
US 3 642 459 décrit des terpolymères comprenant 40 à 89 % en poids d'éthylène, 10 à No. 3,642,459 describes terpolymers comprising 40 to 89% by weight of ethylene, 10 to
40 % en poids d'ester vinylique dérivé d'acide carboxylique à courte chaîne (C2-C4), tel que l'acétate de vinyle, et de monoesters insaturés ayant une chaîne alkyle en C10-C22) ; ces terpolymères sont utilisés comme additifs pour abaisser le point d'écoulement de distillats de pétrole et comme agents anti-cires et d'améliorer leur filtrabilité. 40% by weight of vinyl ester derived from short chain (C2-C4) carboxylic acid, such as vinyl acetate, and unsaturated monoesters having a C10-C22 alkyl chain; these terpolymers are used as additives to lower the pour point of petroleum distillates and as anti-waxing agents and to improve their filterability.
US 4 156 434 décrit des terpolymères d'éthylène, d'acétate de vinyle et d'ester acrylique dérivant d'alcool en C12-C24 qui abaissent le point d'écoulement des carburants dans lesquels ils sont incorporés mais rien n'est dit sur l'amélioration de la filtrabilité à froid de ces additifs.  No. 4,156,434 describes terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and acrylic ester derived from C12-C24 alcohol which lower the pour point of the fuels in which they are incorporated, but nothing is said about improving the cold filterability of these additives.
WO 2005/054314 décrit des terpolymères d'alpha oléfine, d'ester vinylique et d'ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé utilisables. Sont exemplifiés des terpolymères, particulièrement préférés par le déposant, qui contiennent plus de 80 % en moles d'éthylène et moins de 9 % en moles d'acétate de vinyle. Or, ces terpolymères contenant moins de 9 % en moles d'acétate de vinyle, bien qu'ayant un effet sur la diminution de la TLF pour des distillats moyens contenant plus de 18 % de n-paraffines, ne sont pas satisfaisants pour ce qui concerne d'une part la solubilité et d'autre part la tendance au colmatage (ou filtrabilité à température ambiante) : on constate des colmatages de filtre dommageables. EP 1.391.498 décrit des additifs améliorant la fluidité à basse température de distillats moyens qui sont des polymères vinyliques (A), de préférence des copolymères éthylène-ester vinylique, dont la quantité de matières insolubles dans l'hexane dépasse 60 % en poids à -200C et est inférieure à 30 % en poids à 100C ; les exemples de EP 1.391.498 montrent clairement que la température de filtrabilité (CFPP) est abaissée pour des copolymères et terpolymères dont la quantité de matière insoluble dans l'hexane dépasse 60 % en poids à -200C et est inférieure à 30 % en poids à 100C par rapport aux copolymères et terpolymères ayant les mêmes unités de récurrence présentes dans les mêmes proportions mais dont la quantité de matières insolubles dans l'hexane est en dehors de la plage revendiquée ; les copolymères exemplifiés sont des copolymères EVA et des terpolymères éthylène-acétate de vinyle-néodécanoate ou 2- éthylhexanoate de vinyle. WO 2005/054314 describes terpolymers of alpha olefin, vinyl ester and alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester used. Terpolymers, particularly preferred by the applicant, which contain more than 80 mol% of ethylene and less than 9 mol% of vinyl acetate are exemplified. However, these terpolymers containing less than 9 mol% of vinyl acetate, although having an effect on the reduction of TLF for middle distillates containing more than 18% of n-paraffins, are not satisfactory for on the one hand solubility and secondly the tendency to clogging (or filterability at room temperature): there is harmful filter clogging. EP 1,391,498 discloses additives improving the low temperature fluidity of middle distillates which are vinyl polymers (A), preferably ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, the amount of hexane insoluble materials exceeding 60% by weight at -20 0 C and is less than 30% by weight at 10 0 C; the examples of EP 1.391.498 clearly show that the filterability temperature (CFPP) is lowered for copolymers and terpolymers whose amount of hexane-insoluble matter exceeds 60% by weight at -20 ° C. and is less than 30% by weight at 10 0 C relative to copolymers and terpolymers having the same units of recurrence present in the same proportions but the amount of hexane insoluble material is outside the range claimed; the copolymers exemplified are EVA copolymers and ethylene-vinyl acetate-neodecanoate or 2-ethylhexanoate vinyl terpolymers.
Il existe un besoin non résolu d'additifs pour améliorer la tenue à froid des carburants (TLF et point d'écoulement) tout en réduisant voire en éliminant le risque de colmatage, de manière à éviter de boucher les filtres des systèmes d'alimentation des moteurs ou chaudières (système d'injection et réservoirs).  There is an unresolved need for additives to improve the cold holding of fuels (TLF and pour point) while reducing or even eliminating the risk of clogging, so as to avoid clogging the filters of fuel systems. engines or boilers (injection system and tanks).
Description de l'invention  Description of the invention
La présente invention concerne l'utilisation de copolymères comme additifs améliorant la tenue à froid des carburants (additifs CFI) ; ces copolymères contiennent des unités dérivés d'au moins une alpha-oléfïne, d'au moins un ester vinylique et d'au moins un ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé, et sont de préférence des terpolymères d'éthylène, d'acétate de vinyle et d'acrylate d'éthyl-2, hexyle.  The present invention relates to the use of copolymers as additives improving the cold resistance of fuels (CFI additives); these copolymers contain units derived from at least one alpha-olefin, at least one vinyl ester and at least one alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester, and are preferably terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and ethyl-2-acrylate, hexyl.
Les copolymères selon l'invention utilisables comme additifs CFI comprennent :  The copolymers according to the invention which can be used as CFI additives comprise:
" de 81 à 87 % en moles d'au moins une alpha-oléfine, de préférence d'au moins l'éthylène, " de 10,5 à moins de 12 % en moles d'au moins un ester vinylique, de préférence d'au moins l'acétate de vinyle,  "from 81 to 87 mol% of at least one alpha-olefin, preferably at least one of ethylene," from 10.5 to less than 12 mol% of at least one vinyl ester, preferably from at least vinyl acetate,
" de 1 à 8,5 % en moles d'au moins un ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé, de préférence d'au moins l'acrylate d'éthyl-2, hexyle.  from 1 to 8.5 mol% of at least one unsaturated alpha-beta mono carboxylic acid ester, preferably at least 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
De manière préférée, les copolymères utilisables comme additifs CFI sont inscrits dans un quadrilatère ABCD dans lequel A, B, C et D représentent les sommets dudit quadrilatère et correspondent aux pourcentages molaires d'au moins l'ester vinylique et d'au moins l'ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé :  Preferably, the copolymers that can be used as CFI additives are inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD in which A, B, C and D represent the vertices of said quadrilateral and correspond to the molar percentages of at least the vinyl ester and at least one of alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester:
A : 12 ; 1  AT 12 ; 1
B : 12 ; 6  B: 12; 6
C : 10,5 ; 4  C, 10.5; 4
D : 10,5 ; 8,5. De manière avantageuse, les copolymères utilisables comme additifs CFI sont inscrits dans un quadrilatère AiBCiD dans lequel A1, B, Ci et D représentent les sommets dudit quadrilatère et correspondent aux pourcentages molaires d'au moins l'ester vinylique et d'au moins l'ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé : D, 10.5; 8.5. Advantageously, the copolymers that can be used as CFI additives are inscribed in a quadrilateral AiBCiD in which A 1 , B, Ci and D represent the vertices of said quadrilateral and correspond to the molar percentages of at least the vinyl ester and of at least 1 alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester:
Ai : 12 ; 2  Ai: 12; 2
B : 12 ; 6  B: 12; 6
Ci : 10,5 ; 5  C10: 10.5; 5
D : 10,5 ; 8,5.  D, 10.5; 8.5.
Les copolymères selon l'invention qui sont des copolymères statistiques ont une masse moléculaire en nombre (Mw) mesurée par GPC en général comprise entre 3 000 et 30 000, et une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre (Mn) mesurée par GPC en général comprise entre 1 000 et 15 000.  The copolymers according to the invention which are random copolymers have a number-average molecular weight (Mw) measured by GPC in general of between 3,000 and 30,000, and a number-average molecular weight (Mn) measured by GPC in general between 1,000 and 15,000.
Ces copolymères peuvent être préparés de manière connue par tout procédé de polymérisation, (voir par exemple, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5eme Edition, "Waxes", Vol. A 28, p.146 ; US 3 627 838; EP 7 590) notamment par polymérisation radicalaire, de préférence sous haute pression, typiquement de l'ordre de 1 000 à 3 000 bars (100 à 300 MPa), de préférence de 1 500 à 2 000 bars (150 à 200 MPa), les températures de réaction allant en général de 160 à 3200C, de préférence de 200 à 2800C, et en présence d'au moins un initiateur radicalaire choisi en général parmi les peroxydes organiques et/ou les composés oxygénés ou azotés, et d'un régulateur de poids moléculaire (cétone ou aldéhyde aliphatique, ...). Les copolymères peuvent par exemple être préparés dans un réacteur tabulaire selon le procédé décrit dans US 6 509 424. These copolymers can be prepared in known manner by any polymerization process (see for example, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5 th Edition, "Waxes" Vol A 28, p.146;. US 3,627,838; EP 7590 ) in particular by radical polymerization, preferably under high pressure, typically of the order of 1000 to 3000 bar (100 to 300 MPa), preferably from 1500 to 2000 bar (150 to 200 MPa), the temperatures of reaction generally ranging from 160 to 320 ° C., preferably from 200 to 280 ° C., and in the presence of at least one radical initiator chosen in general from organic peroxides and / or oxygenated or nitrogen compounds, and from molecular weight regulator (ketone or aliphatic aldehyde, ...). The copolymers may for example be prepared in a tabular reactor according to the process described in US 6,509,424.
Les compositions à base d'hydrocarbures dans lesquels les copolymères selon l'invention sont incorporés, sont choisis parmi tous types de fiouls ou carburants, tels carburants diesel, fiouls domestiques pour installations de chauffage (FOD), kérosène, fiouls d'aviation, fiouls lourds, etc ...  The hydrocarbon-based compositions in which the copolymers according to the invention are incorporated, are chosen from all types of fuel oils or fuels, such as diesel fuels, heating oil for heating installations (FOD), kerosene, aviation fuel oil, fuel oil. heavy, etc.
En général la teneur en soufre des compositions d'hydrocarbures est inférieure à 5000 ppm, de préférence inférieure à 500 ppm, et plus préférentiellement inférieure à 50 ppm, voire même inférieure à 10 ppm et avantageuse sans soufre.  In general the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon compositions is less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm, and more preferably less than 50 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm and advantageous without sulfur.
Les compositions à base d'hydrocarbures comprennent des distillats moyens de température d'ébullition comprise entre 100 et 5000C ; leur température de cristallisation commençante Tcc est souvent supérieure ou égale à -200C, en général comprise entre -15°C et + 100C. Ces distillats peuvent par exemple être choisis parmi les distillats obtenus par distillation directe d'hydrocarbures bruts, les distillats sous vide, les distillats hydrotraités, des distillats issus du craquage catalytique et/ou de l'hydrocraquage de distillats sous vide, les distillats résultant de procédés de conversion type ARDS (par désulfuration de résidu atmosphérique) et/ou de viscoréduction, les distillats issus de la valorisation des coupes Fischer Tropsch, les distillats résultant de la conversion BTL (biomass to liquid) de la biomasse végétale et/ou animale, prise seule ou en combinaison et/ou les esters d'huiles végétales et animales ou leurs mélanges. The hydrocarbon-based compositions comprise middle distillates with a boiling point of between 100 and 500 ° C. their starting crystallization temperature Tcc is often greater than or equal to -20 ° C., generally between -15 ° C. and + 10 ° C. These distillates may, for example, be chosen from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydrotreated distillates, distillates from catalytic cracking and / or hydrocracking of vacuum distillates, distillates resulting from conversion processes such as ARDS (by atmospheric residue desulphurisation) and / or visbreaking, distillates from the recovery of Fischer Tropsch cuts, distillates resulting from BTL (biomass to liquid) conversion of plant and / or animal biomass, taken alone or in combination and / or esters of vegetable and animal oils or mixtures thereof.
Les compositions d'hydrocarbures peuvent également contenir des distillats issus des opérations de raffinage plus complexes que ceux issus de la distillation directe des hydrocarbures qui peuvent par exemple provenir des procédés de craquage, hydrocraquage et/ou craquage catalytique et des procédés de viscoréduction.  The hydrocarbon compositions may also contain distillates resulting from more complex refining operations than those resulting from the direct distillation of hydrocarbons which may for example be derived from cracking, hydrocracking and / or catalytic cracking processes and visbreaking processes.
Elles peuvent également contenir de nouvelles sources de distillats, parmi lesquelles on peut notamment citer :  They may also contain new sources of distillates, among which may be mentioned in particular:
- les coupes les plus lourdes issues des procédés de craquage et de viscoréduction concentrées en paraffines lourdes, comprenant plus de 18 atomes de carbone, the heaviest cuts resulting from cracking and visbreaking processes concentrated in heavy paraffins, comprising more than 18 carbon atoms,
- les distillats synthétiques issus de la transformation du gaz tels que ceux issus du procédé Fischer Tropsch, synthetic distillates resulting from gas transformation, such as those derived from the Fischer Tropsch process,
- les distillats synthétiques résultant du traitement de la biomasse d'origine végétale et/ou animale, comme notamment le NexBTL,  synthetic distillates resulting from the treatment of biomass of plant and / or animal origin, such as NexBTL,
- et les huiles et/ou esters d'huiles végétales et/ou animales,  and oils and / or esters of vegetable and / or animal oils,
- ou encore les biodiesel d'origine animale et/ou végétale.  - or biodiesel of animal and / or vegetable origin.
Ces nouvelles bases carburants peuvent être utilisées seules ou en mélange avec des distillats moyens pétroliers classiques comme base carburant et/ou base de fioul domestique ; elles comprennent en général de longues chaînes paraffiniques supérieures ou égales à 10 atomes de carbone et préférentiellement de C14 à C30.  These new fuel bases can be used alone or in combination with conventional middle oil distillates as fuel base and / or base of domestic fuel oil; they generally comprise long paraffinic chains greater than or equal to 10 carbon atoms and preferably C14 to C30.
Les copolymères tels que définis précédemment de Mw comprise entre 5 000 et 27 000 et de Mn comprise entre 1 500 et 22 000, de préférence de Mw comprise entre 5 000 et 25 000 et de Mn comprise entre 1 500 et 20 000 sont particulièrement efficaces lorsqu'ils sont incorporés à des distillats moyens légers et/ou à basse teneur en soufre (typiquement inférieure à 50 ppm) et/ou à température de cristallisation commençante basse (typiquement pouvant aller jusqu'à - The copolymers as defined previously of Mw between 5,000 and 27,000 and Mn between 1,500 and 22,000, preferably Mw between 5,000 and 25,000 and Mn between 1,500 and 20,000 are particularly effective. when incorporated into light and / or low-sulfur middle distillates (typically less than 50 ppm) and / or low starting crystallization temperature (typically up to
200C). Par distillats moyens légers, on entend des distillats dont le contenu en n-paraffines ayant20 0 C). "Light middle distillates" means distillates whose n-paraffin content
24 atomes de carbone ou plus va de 0 à environ inférieur à 0,7 % en poids de la composition totale de carburant ; dont les n-paraffines en C18-C23 représentent environ 3 à environ 5 % du poids total du carburant et dont le rapport massique des n-paraffines en C18-C23 par rapport aux paraffines en C24 et plus va en général de 10 à 35. 24 or more carbon atoms is from 0 to about less than 0.7% by weight of the total fuel composition; wherein the C18-C23 n-paraffins represent about 3 to about 5% of the total weight of the fuel and whose weight ratio of C18-C23 n-paraffins to paraffins C24 and higher is generally from 10 to 35.
Les copolymères de Mw comprise entre 5 000 et 10 000 et de Mn comprise entre 1 500 et Copolymers of Mw between 5,000 and 10,000 and Mn between 1,500 and
8 000, de préférence de Mw comprise entre 5 000 et 8 000 et de Mn comprise entre 1 500 et 5 000 sont particulièrement efficaces lorsqu'ils sont incorporés à des distillats moyens lourds et/ou à température de cristallisation commençante plutôt élevée (typiquement pouvant aller de 0 à 15°C). Par distillats moyens lourds, on entend des distillats dont le contenu en n-paraffînes ayant 24 atomes de carbone ou plus va d'environ 0,7 à environ 2% en poids de la composition totale de carburant ; dont les n-paraffines en C18-C23 représentent environ 1 à environ 10 % du poids total du carburant et dont le rapport massique des n-paraffines en C18-C23 aux paraffines en C24+ va en général de 1 à 10. 8,000, preferably Mw between 5,000 and 8,000 and Mn between 1,500 and 5,000 are particularly effective when incorporated into heavy middle distillates and / or at a rather high starting crystallization temperature (typically ranging from 0 to 15 ° C.). By heavy middle distillates is meant distillates having a n-paraffin content of 24 or more carbon atoms ranging from about 0.7 to about 2% by weight of the total fuel composition; wherein the C18-C23 n-paraffins represent about 1 to about 10% of the total weight of the fuel and whose mass ratio of C18-C23 n-paraffins to C24 + paraffins is generally from 1 to 10.
Les copolymères peuvent être ajoutés tels quels dans les compositions d'hydrocarbures ou de manière préférentielle sous forme de solutions concentrées, en particulier des solutions contenant de 50 à 80 %, de préférence de 60 à 70 % en poids de copolymère(s) dans un solvant, tel que les hydrocarbures aliphatiques ou aromatiques, seuls ou en mélange (naphta, kérosène, fractions d'hydrocarbures, telles que solvant Solvesso, hydrocarbures paraffiniques, tels que pentane, hexane.  The copolymers may be added as such in the hydrocarbon compositions or, preferably, in the form of concentrated solutions, in particular solutions containing from 50 to 80%, preferably from 60 to 70% by weight of copolymer (s) in a mixture. solvent, such as aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, alone or as a mixture (naphtha, kerosene, hydrocarbon fractions, such as solvent Solvesso, paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les compositions d'hydrocarbures comprennent de 10 à 5 000 ppm en poids d'au moins un copolymère décrit plus haut éventuellement, de préférence de 100 à 1 000 ppm, et avantageusement de 150 à 500 ppm.  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon compositions comprise from 10 to 5000 ppm by weight of at least one copolymer described above, preferably from 100 to 1000 ppm, and advantageously from 150 to 500 ppm.
Outre les additifs CFI ou additifs de tenue à froid décrits plus haut, les compositions d'hydrocarbures peuvent également contenir un ou plusieurs autres additifs différents des copolymères selon l'invention, choisis parmi les détergents, les agents anti-corrosion, les dispersants, les désémulsifîants, des agents anti-mousse, des biocides, des réodorants, des additifs procétane, les modificateurs de friction, les additifs de lubrifiance ou additifs d'onctuosité, des agents d'aide à la combustion (promoteurs catalytiques de combustion et de suie), les agents améliorant le point de trouble, le point d'écoulement, la température limite de filtrabilité, des agents anti-sédimentation, les agents anti-usure et/ou les agents modifiant la conductivité.  In addition to the CFI additives or cold-holding additives described above, the hydrocarbon compositions may also contain one or more other additives different from the copolymers according to the invention, chosen from detergents, anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, defoamers, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion promoters and soot) , cloud point improvers, pour point, filterability limit temperature, anti-settling agents, anti-wear agents and / or conductivity modifiers.
Parmi ces additifs, on peut citer particulièrement :  Among these additives, mention may be made particularly of:
a) les additifs procétane, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis parmi les nitrates d'alkyle, de préférence le nitrate de 2-éthyl hexyle, les peroxydes d'aroyle, de préférence le peroxyde de benzyle, et les peroxydes d'alkyle, de préférence le peroxyde de ter-butyle ;  a) procetane additives, in particular (but not limited to) selected from alkyl nitrates, preferably 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate, aroyl peroxides, preferably benzyl peroxide, and alkyl peroxides, preferably ter-butyl peroxide;
b) les additifs anti-mousse, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis parmi les polysiloxanes, les polysiloxanes oxyalkylés, et les amides d'acides gras issus d'huiles végétales ou animales. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans EP 861 882, EP 663 000, EP 736 590 ; c) les additifs détergents et/ou anti-corrosion, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis dans le groupe constitué par les aminés, les succinimides, les alkénylsuccinimides, les polyalkylamines, les polyalkyles polyamines et les polyétheramines. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans EP 938 535. d) additif de lubrifîance ou agent anti-usure, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisi dans le groupe constitué par les acides gras et leurs dérivés ester ou amide, notamment le monooléate de glycérol, et les dérivés d'acides carboxyliques mono- et polycycliques. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans les documents suivants: EP 680 506, EP 860 494, WO 98/04656, EP 915 944, FR2 772 783, FR 2 772 784. b) anti-foam additives, in particular (but not limited to) selected from polysiloxanes, oxyalkylated polysiloxanes, and fatty acid amides from vegetable or animal oils. Examples of such additives are given in EP 861 882, EP 663 000, EP 736 590; c) detergent and / or anti-corrosion additives, in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of amines, succinimides, alkenylsuccinimides, polyalkylamines, polyalkyl polyamines and polyetheramines. Examples of such additives are given in EP 938,535. d) lubricant additive or anti-wear agent, in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of fatty acids and their ester or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate, and mono- and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives . Examples of such additives are given in the following documents: EP 680 506, EP 860 494, WO 98/04656, EP 915 944, FR 2 772 783, FR 2 772 784.
e) les additifs de point de trouble, notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis dans le groupe constitué par les terpolymères oléfine à chaîne longue/ester (méth)acrylique /maléimide, et les polymères d'esters d'acides fumarique /maléique. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans EP 71 513, EP 100 248, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 423, EPl 12 195, EP 1 727 58, EP 271 385, EP 291367 ;  e) cloud point additives, including (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of long-chain olefin terpolymers / (meth) acrylic ester / maleimide, and fumaric acid / maleic acid ester polymers. Examples of such additives are given in EP 71 513, EP 100 248, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 051, FR 2 528 423, EP 1 12 195, EP 1 727 58, EP 271 385, EP 291367;
f) les additifs d'anti-sédimentation et/ou dispersants de paraffines notamment (mais non limitativement) choisis dans le group e constitué par le s c opo lymères aci de (méth)acrylique/(méth)acrylate d'alkyle amidifié par une polyamine, les alkénylsuccinimides de polyamine, les dérivés d'acide phtalamique et d'aminé grasse à double chaîne ; des résines alkyl phénol. Des exemples de tels additifs sont donnés dans EP 261 959, EP593 331 , EP 674 689, EP 327 423, EP 512 889, EP 832 172 ; US 2005/0223631 ; US 5 998 530 ; WO 93/14178.  f) anti-sedimentation additives and / or paraffin dispersants, in particular (but not limited to) selected from the group consisting of scolymers (meth) acrylic acid / polyamine amidated alkyl (meth) acrylate; polyamine alkenyl succinimides, phthalamic acid derivatives and double chain fatty amine derivatives; alkyl phenol resins. Examples of such additives are given in EP 261,959, EP593,331, EP 674,689, EP 327,423, EP 512,889, EP 832,172; US 2005/0223631; US 5,998,530; WO 93/14178.
g) les additifs polyfonctionnels d'opérabilité à froid choisis dans le groupe constitué par les polymères à base d'oléfine et de nitrate d'alkényle tels que décrits dans EP 573 490. ;  g) polyfunctional cold operability additives selected from the group consisting of olefin and alkenyl nitrate polymers as described in EP 573,490;
h) d'autres additifs CFI améliorant la tenue à froid et la filtrabilité, tels que les copolymères EVA et/ou EVP.  h) other CFI additives improving the cold resistance and the filterability, such as the EVA and / or EVP copolymers.
Ces autres additifs sont en général ajoutés en quantité allant de 100 à 1 000 ppm (chacun). These other additives are generally added in an amount ranging from 100 to 1000 ppm (each).
Les additifs de tenue à froid améliorés selon l'invention peuvent être ajoutés dans les compositions d'hydrocarbures au sein de la raffinerie, et/ou être incorporés en aval de la raffinerie, éventuellement en mélange avec d'autres additifs, sous forme de package ou paquet d'additifs. The improved cold-strength additives according to the invention may be added to the hydrocarbon compositions within the refinery, and / or may be incorporated downstream of the refinery, optionally mixed with other additives, in the form of a package. or package of additives.
Exemples Examples
Dans un réacteur tubulaire, on synthétise par polymérisation radicalaire sous haute pression (1 400 à 2 500 bars (140 à 250 MPa) et à une température de polymérisation de 200 à 2800C des terpolymères d'éthylène, d'acétate de vinyle et d'acrylate d'éthyl-2, hexyle. La synthèse est réalisée en utilisant un aldéhyde aliphatique (propanai) pour contrôler les masses moléculaires et en utilisant des peroxydes comme initiateurs de polymérisation. Dans le tableau 1 ci-dessous, sont indiquées les Mn et Mw des terpolymères synthétisés ainsi que leurs pourcentages des monomères. Tableau 1 : Caractéristiques des polymères synthétisés In a tubular reactor, high-pressure radical polymerization (1400 to 2500 bar (140 to 250 MPa) and a polymerization temperature of 200 to 280 ° C. are synthesized by terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate and The synthesis is carried out using an aliphatic aldehyde (propanal) to control the molecular weights and using peroxides as polymerization initiators In Table 1 below, the Mn are indicated. and Mw of the synthesized terpolymers and their percentages of the monomers. Table 1: Characteristics of synthesized polymers
On évalue l'aptitude à l'amélioration de la tenue à froid de ces terpolymères en les incorporant dans des 2 distillats de type gazole moteur appelé GOM 1 et GOM 2 dont les caractéristiques sont réunies dans le tableau 2 ci-dessous.  The ability to improve the cold strength of these terpolymers is evaluated by incorporating them into two distillates of the diesel engine type called GOM 1 and GOM 2, the characteristics of which are given in Table 2 below.
Tableau 2 : Caractéristiques des carburants Table 2: Fuel Characteristics
On incorpore 400 ppm en poids de chaque copolymère ci-dessous dans le distillât de type gazole moteur appelé GOM 1 puis on mesure l'indice de colmatage FBT (Filter Blocking Tendency) selon la norme IP 387. Le GOM 1 non additivé présente un indice de colmatage FBT de 1 ,01. On constate que le terpolymère 17 selon l'invention permet de ne pas dégrader la tendance au colmatage du GOM 1 c'est-à-dire que le GOM 1 additivé avec 400 ppm de terpolymère présente un FBT inférieur à 1,41. Les résultats sont présentés dans le tableau 3 ci-dessous. 400 ppm by weight of each copolymer below is incorporated into the diesel fuel type distillate called GOM 1 and then the filter blocking index FBT is measured. Tendency) according to the IP 387 standard. The non additive GOM 1 has an FBT clogging index of 1.01. It can be seen that the terpolymer 17 according to the invention makes it possible not to degrade the tendency to clog the GOM 1, that is to say that the GOM 1 additive with 400 ppm terpolymer has an FBT of less than 1.41. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
Tableau 3 Tendance au colmatage (IP387) du GOM 1 additivé à 400 ppm des différents terpolymères. Table 3 Clogging tendency (IP387) of the GOM 1 additive at 400 ppm of the different terpolymers.
On mesure l'efficacité en tenue à froid TLF des terpolymères incorporés dans les GOM 1 et GOM 2 à la concentration de 210 ppm ; les résultats sont réunis dans le tableau 4.  The cold-holding efficiency TLF of the terpolymers incorporated in the GOM 1 and GOM 2 at the concentration of 210 ppm is measured; the results are shown in Table 4.
Tableau 4 : Tests d'efficacité TLF sur 2 gazoles à basse teneur en soufre. Table 4: TLF efficiency tests on 2 gas oils with low sulfur content.
On constate que le terpolymère 17 selon l'invention est le plus efficace sur le gazole GOM 1. Par ailleurs, à partir des résultats du tableau 3, on constate que le terpolymère 17 ajouté à raison de 400 ppm dans le GOM 1 ne dégrade pas la tendance au colmatage. Ceci, n'est pas le cas des terpolymères comparatifs 6 ; 7 ; 16 et 18 selon WO 2005/054314 qui dégradent fortement la tendance au colmatage mesurée selon l'IP 387 et ne sont pas aussi efficaces en TLF que l'additif 17 de l'invention. It can be seen that the terpolymer 17 according to the invention is the most effective on the GOM 1 gas oil. Moreover, from the results of Table 3, it can be seen that the terpolymer 17 added at the rate of 400 ppm in the GOM 1 does not degrade. the tendency to clogging. This is not the case of comparative terpolymers 6; 7; 16 and 18 according to WO 2005/054314 which greatly degrade the clogging tendency measured according to IP 387 and are not as effective in TLF as the additive 17 of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Utilisation comme additif améliorant la tenue à froid et la filtrabilité de carburants d'au moins un copolymère comprenant 1. Use as an additive improving the cold resistance and the filterability of fuels of at least one copolymer comprising
" de 81 à 87% en moles d'au moins une alpha-oléfine, de préférence d'au moins l'éthylène,  from 81 to 87 mol% of at least one alpha-olefin, preferably at least one of ethylene,
" de 10,5 à moins de 12% en moles d'au moins un ester vinylique, de préférence d'au moins l'acétate de vinyle,  "from 10.5 to less than 12 mol% of at least one vinyl ester, preferably at least vinyl acetate,
" de 1 à 8.5% en moles d'au moins un ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé, de préférence d'au moins l'acrylate d'éthyl-2, hexyle.  from 1 to 8.5 mol% of at least one unsaturated alpha-beta mono carboxylic acid ester, preferably at least 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
2. Utilisation comme additif améliorant la tenue à froid et la filtrabilité de carburants d'au moins un copolymère selon la revendication 1 inscrit dans un quadrilatère ABCD dans lequel A, B, C et D représentent les sommets dudit quadrilatère et correspondent aux pourcentages molaires d'au moins l'ester vinylique et d'au moins l'ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé : 2. Use as an additive improving the cold resistance and the filterability of fuels of at least one copolymer according to claim 1 inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD wherein A, B, C and D represent the vertices of said quadrilateral and correspond to the molar percentages of at least the vinyl ester and at least the alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester:
A : 12 ; l  AT 12 ; l
B : 12 ; 6  B: 12; 6
C : 10,5 ; 4  C, 10.5; 4
D : 10,5 ; 8,5.  D, 10.5; 8.5.
3. Utilisation comme additif améliorant la tenue à froid et la filtrabilité de carburants d'au moins un copolymère selon la revendication 1 ou 2 inscrit dans un quadrilatère AiBCiD dans lequel A1, B, Ci et D représentent les sommets dudit quadrilatère et correspondent aux pourcentages molaires d'au moins l'ester vinylique et d'au moins l'ester d'acide mono carboxylique alpha-beta insaturé : 3. Use as an additive improving the cold resistance and the filterability of fuels of at least one copolymer according to claim 1 or 2 inscribed in a quadrilateral AiBCiD wherein A 1 , B, Ci and D represent the vertices of said quadrilateral and correspond to the molar percentages of at least the vinyl ester and at least the alpha-beta unsaturated mono carboxylic acid ester:
Ai : 12 ; 2  Ai: 12; 2
B : 12 ; 6  B: 12; 6
Ci : 10,5 ; 5  C10: 10.5; 5
D : 10,5 ; 8,5. D, 10.5; 8.5.
4. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 d'au moins un terpolymère comprenant des motifs dérivés d'éthylène, des motifs dérivés d'acétate de vinyle et des motifs dérivés d'acrylate d'éthyl-2, hexyle. 4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3 of at least one terpolymer comprising units derived from ethylene, units derived from vinyl acetate and units derived from acrylate of 2-ethylhexyl.
5. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 d'au moins un copolymère de masse moléculaire en nombre (Mw) mesurée par GPC comprise entre 3 000 et 30 000, préférence 3 000 à 20 000 et une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre (Mn) mesurée par GPC en général comprise entre 1 000 et 20 000, de préférence allant de 1 500 à 15 000. 5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4 of at least one number-average molecular weight (Mw) copolymer measured by GPC of between 3,000 and 30,000, preferably 3,000 to 20,000, and an average molecular weight of number (Mn) measured by GPC in general between 1,000 and 20,000, preferably from 1,500 to 15,000.
6. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 d'au moins un copolymère comme additif améliorant la tenue à froid et la filtrabilité sans dégradation de la tendance au colmatage des distillats moyens, tels que carburants diesel, fiouls domestiques pour installations de chauffage (FOD), kérosène, fiouls d'aviation, fiouls lourds. 6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5 of at least one copolymer as an additive improving the cold resistance and filterability without deterioration of the clogging tendency of middle distillates, such as diesel fuels, domestic fuel oil for heating installations. heating (FOD), kerosene, aviation fuel oil, heavy fuel oil.
7. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 d'au moins un copolymère comme additif améliorant la tenue à froid et la filtrabilité de carburants dont la teneur en soufre est inférieure à 5 000 ppm, de préférence inférieure à 500 ppm, plus préférentiellement inférieure à 50 ppm, voire même inférieure à 10 ppm et avantageuse sans soufre. 7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6 of at least one copolymer as an additive improving the cold resistance and filterability of fuels whose sulfur content is less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm, more preferably less than 50 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm and advantageous without sulfur.
8. Composition d'hydrocarbures comprenant une quantité majoritaire d'un distillât moyen de température d'ébullition allant de 100 à 5000C et une quantité minoritaire d'au moins un copolymère tel que défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7. 8. Hydrocarbon composition comprising a major amount of a middle distillate having a boiling point ranging from 100 to 500 ° C. and a minor amount of at least one copolymer as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 7. .
9. Composition selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient de 0 à 100 % en poids de biodiesel d'origine animale et/ou végétale. 9. Composition according to claim 8, characterized in that it contains from 0 to 100% by weight of biodiesel of animal and / or vegetable origin.
10. Composition selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est choisie parmi les carburants diesel, fiouls domestiques pour installations de chauffage (FOD), kérosène, fiouls d'aviation, fiouls lourds. 10. A composition according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it is selected from diesel fuels, domestic fuel for heating installations (FOD), kerosene, aviation fuel oil, heavy fuel oil.
11. Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend de 10 à 5 000 ppm en poids d'au moins un copolymère tel que défini aux revendications 1 à 5, de préférence de 100 à 1 000 ppm, et avantageusement de 150 à 500 ppm. 11. Composition according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that it comprises from 10 to 5000 ppm by weight of at least one copolymer as defined in claims 1 to 5, preferably from 100 to 1 000 ppm, and preferably from 150 to 500 ppm.
12. Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11 , caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un ou plusieurs autres additifs différents des copolymères selon l'invention, choisis parmi les détergents, les agents anti-corrosion, les dispersants, les désémulsifiants, des agents anti-mousse, des biocides, des réodorants, des additifs procétane, les modificateurs de friction, les additifs de lubrifiance ou additifs d'onctuosité, des agents d'aide à la combustion (promoteurs catalytiques de combustion et de suie), les agents améliorant le point de trouble, le point d'écoulement, la température limite de filtrabilité, des agents anti-sédimentation, les agents anti-usure et/ou les agents modifiant la conductivité. 12. Composition according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that it comprises one or more other additives different from the copolymers according to the invention, selected from detergents, anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers anti-foam agents, biocides, deodorants, procetane additives, friction modifiers, lubricity additives or lubricity additives, combustion assistants (catalytic combustion promoters and soot), cloud point improving agents, pour point, filterability limit temperature, anti-settling agents, anti-wear agents and / or conductivity modifiers.
EP10734559.7A 2009-07-03 2010-06-25 Ethylene/vinyl acetate/unsaturated esters terpolymer as an additive for improving the resistance to cold of liquid hydrocarbons such as middle distillates and fuels Active EP2449063B2 (en)

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MX363328B (en) 2019-03-20
CA2765245C (en) 2017-07-25
EP2449063B2 (en) 2021-07-28
WO2011001352A1 (en) 2011-01-06
BRPI1016080B1 (en) 2018-10-16
CL2011003342A1 (en) 2012-07-06
SG177381A1 (en) 2012-02-28
ES2706903T5 (en) 2021-12-14
PT2449063T (en) 2019-02-04
BRPI1016080A2 (en) 2016-05-10
AU2010267626B2 (en) 2016-05-12
JP2012532225A (en) 2012-12-13
CA2765245A1 (en) 2011-01-06
KR20120040161A (en) 2012-04-26
AU2010267626A1 (en) 2012-02-02
EP2449063B1 (en) 2018-11-21
ES2706903T3 (en) 2019-04-01
EA201270129A1 (en) 2012-05-30
FR2947558B1 (en) 2011-08-19
CN102549120A (en) 2012-07-04
FR2947558A1 (en) 2011-01-07
TWI496883B (en) 2015-08-21
AR077631A1 (en) 2011-09-14
US20120102825A1 (en) 2012-05-03
KR102002887B1 (en) 2019-07-23
ZA201109307B (en) 2012-09-26
TW201116617A (en) 2011-05-16

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