Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
  • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
  • E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/30—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts being composed of two or more materials; Composite steel and concrete constructions

Definitions

• the present invention is in the field of materials used in the construction of buildings and relates to a set of longiform support elements made of plant-based materials intended to constitute the framework for laying plasterboard and wood panels used for the dubbing walls or partition walls. State of the prior art.
• Inner walls and lining of exterior walls are often made of plasterboard or wood panels. Their installation, with or without insulation, is usually done on metal rails, soles and uprights.
• the rails are mainly U-shaped. They are placed on the ground or fixed to the ceiling.
• the uprights have a substantially square cross section to give them greater rigidity. They are cut by the installer to the proper length to fit into the rails up and down. Other amounts are arranged perpendicularly to maintain the spacing over the entire height.
• the various elements are then screwed together using "self-tapping" or "perforating” screws.
• an insulating product mineral wool or polystyrene
• the ducts of the networks are put in place. They pass through the uprights through openings made during manufacture.
• the carrier structure thus formed is finally covered with plasterboard or wood or other insulating or decorative materials.
• Some installers prefer to use wooden elements generally consisting of planed cleats. This preference is often related to the structure of the building, the type of site (new or renovation) and the coating used.
• COPSE m CONFIRMATION resistance in case of oxidation.
• the metal elements constitute thermal bridges whose screw head is the surface termination. This often results in cold spots attracting condensation and mildew and therefore dark marks on the walls after a few years.
• the presence of pre-drilled holes for the passage of the sheaths reduces the stiffness of the uprights and their implementation remains delicate despite the chamfers made during stamping.
• rising raw material costs increase the cost of the structure.
• the patent application FR 2,540,197 discloses an assembly of two wooden beams per tenon and mortise for the formation of prefabricated frames.
• the profiles used for the realization of the frame have different cross sections.
• the present invention aims to solve the aforementioned problems by proposing a set of rigid elements, some of which, in the form of profiles, are identical in their shapes and can be used both for the production of horizontal rails that amounts and spacers while presenting an aptitude the assembly to each other by tenons and mortises.
• the assembly of elements used for the construction of frameworks intended to receive panels of plaster or wood for the purpose of making partitions or doublings is essentially characterized in that the rails, uprights and spacers comprise over their entire length at least one U-shaped cross-section recess and said rails, uprights and spacers comprise at their ends a mortise or tenon having the same section as that of the recess thus allowing the assembly of the elements by interlocking in the longitudinal or perpendicular direction.
• the recess of each profile comprises a bottom face and two parallel flat faces, the bottom face being concave and semicylindrical.
• the tenon has at the end a hemi-cylindrical convex surface, the longitudinal axis of the cylinder to which each bottom face of the mortise and the end of the tenon is contained in the longitudinal plane (P) of symmetry of the recess and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the profile.
• the rails provided for installation on the floor and on the ceiling and the uprights have identical U-shaped profiles and their ends are cut perpendicularly with the same profile, recessed on one side and in relief on the other. This arrangement allows either to assemble the rails over a large length or to fit an amount perpendicular to the rail.
• This U-shape makes it possible to lay the plasterboards in close contact with the ground.
• a profile with an external shoulder makes it possible to isolate them from the ground, an essential method in rooms such as bathrooms. It also facilitates the attachment of skirting boards.
• the amounts connecting the high and low rails must be cut if necessary to the required size. Two techniques are proposed according to the type of user. Professionals with specially adapted cutting tools can thus give the cut end a shape allowing it to fit into the high or low rail. Individuals who do not have the tool can use keys specific to the invention, which fit into the amounts previously cut at 90 °.
• All rails and posts are pre-drilled to facilitate their attachment to the floor or between them. Passages are also planned for the ducts. The amounts being thicker than the metal profiles commonly used for this type of application, the passage of the corrugated sheaths is facilitated.
• the set of support elements comprises at least one connecting key of two elements axially aligned or perpendicular to each other and each key has a first plane longitudinal face, second third planar longitudinal lateral faces perpendicular to the preceding one, of the same width as the first longitudinal face, a fourth convex longitudinal face developing along a half-cylinder, and two convex end faces developing along a half-cylinder of axis perpendicular to the first face, the width of the key measured between the side faces being identical to the width of the recess of each profile and the radii of curvature of the fourth face and each end face being identical to the radius of curvature of the bottom face of the recess of each profile, each said key being provided to be engaged and fixed in the recesses of two elements axially aligned or perpendicular to each other to assemble them to one another.
• the elements according to the invention are made of wood.
• the advantage of wood is that it is possible to join, paint or glue decorative coatings, which steel does not allow. This is even more useful on the parts that are apparent: shoulders of the rails, corner angles.
• the support elements consist of glued and hot pressed wood particles to obtain solid profiles of a suitable shape.
• the material is usually called "molded wood”.
• the "molded wood” process provides a denser and more rigid material than chipboard and solid wood. It is comparable to species of the highest density. It is environmentally friendly to the extent that the particles used come from sawmill residues or recycled wood, the result being itself recyclable and compostable.
• the molds used in this process are heated by the combustion of wood by-products.
• the glue is of a solvent-free and non-toxic type.
• long fibers such hemp, linen or glass can increase the strength of the product. Other adjuvants may give it other special properties.
• the molded wood is of high density and therefore resists tearing the screws that are implanted therein. It is water-repellent by nature and can therefore be used in humid environments without risk of deformation. It presents no risk of degradation over time and has been used for several years in construction.
• the energy balance of the molded wood is particularly favorable insofar as the main constituent is wood which is a renewable material. This wood comes from existing waste. Production plants do not require large facilities and can therefore be located near sawmills producing the raw material. These sawmills can also provide wood residues that will be used to produce the heat needed for manufacturing. Non-renewable energy needs are virtually zero. Brief description of figures and drawings.
• FIG. 1 is a view from below of a profile according to a first embodiment can be used interchangeably as a rail, post or spacer,
• FIG. 2 is a front view of a profile according to the first embodiment
• FIG. 3 is a view from above of the section according to the first embodiment
• FIG. 4 is a left view, with respect to FIG. 2, of the profile according to the first embodiment
• FIG. 7 shows, in plan, the assembly of two axially aligned sections one to the other;
• FIG. 8 shows, in plan, the assembly of orthogonal profiles one to the other,
• FIG. 9 is a front view of a key according to the invention.
• FIG. 10 is a left view according to FIG. 9 of this key.
• FIG. 11 is a view from above of the key according to the invention.
• FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the key according to the invention
• FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing the connection of a key according to another embodiment with a profile according to another embodiment
• FIG. 14 is a view from below of a profile according to a third embodiment
• FIG. 15 is a front view of the profile according to FIG. 14,
• FIG. 16 is a left view with respect to FIG. 15 of a profile according to the third embodiment,
• FIG. 17 is a view from above of the profile according to the third embodiment.
• FIG. 18 is a bottom view of a profile according to a fourth embodiment
• FIG. 19 is a front view of the profile according to FIG. 18,
• FIG. 20 is a left view with respect to FIG. 19 of a section according to the fourth embodiment.
• FIG. 21 is a view from above of the profile according to the fourth embodiment.
• FIG. 22 to 25 illustrate a mold used in the implementation of the method of manufacturing profiles by the technique of molded wood.
• the figures represent shorter pieces than the actual pieces for the sake of clarity. It should also be noted that the various dimensions and values given in this description are given for information only and do not limit the scope of this Title. In addition the dimensions indicated are nominal dimensions. Games necessary functionalities are added to make assembly possible and easy.
• the cross section is understood to mean a section in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the element or profile.
• the set of support elements for the construction of frames to receive plasterboard or wood panels for the purpose of making partitions or doublings includes high and low rails, amounts, and spacers and keys 5, these different elements being formed from profiles 1 having common characteristics.
• the rails, uprights and spacers comprise over their entire length at least one longitudinal recess 2 in the form of a U-shaped cross section groove and said rails, uprights and spacers comprise at one of their ends a tenon 3 and the other a mortise 4 having the same section as that of the recess 2 thus allowing the assembly of the elements by interlocking in the longitudinal or perpendicular direction.
• the profile of the cross-section of the recess 2 is identical and superimposable to the profile of the orthogonal projection of the contour of the post 3 made in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P that the recess 2 presents.
• the contour of the post 3 and the contour of the mortise 4 have identical profiles perfectly superimposable.
• the advantage of such an arrangement lies in the fact that it allows different combinations of assemblies, by interlocking shape that facilitates.
• two adjacent sections 1, axially aligned can be assembled to each other by penetration of the pin 3 of one into the mortise 4 of the other as shown in Figure 7. It is also possible to assemble two profiles 1 perpendicular and secant to one another, by penetration of the pin 3 of one in the recess 2 of the other as shown in Figure 8.
• FIG. 1 to 6 a section 1 of wood according to a first embodiment.
• This section 1 forms a rectilinear elongate element and has a quadrangular cross section forming a square or a rectangle.
• the profile of the cross section is that of a square.
• This profile has a longitudinal recess 2 in the form of a groove having a U-shaped cross section of 26 mm wide and 33 mm deep.
• This recess 2 is made in the section 1 from one of the longitudinal flat faces 10, this face constituting the upper face when the profile is used as a rail laid on the ground and the underside when used as a rail fixed to the ceiling.
• the recess 2 comprises a bottom face 20 and two parallel flat faces 21.
• the bottom face is concave, and semi-cylindrical curved with a radius of 13 mm.
• the width of the recess 2 is smaller than the width of the planar face 10 from which it is formed in the profile 1. Furthermore, the recess 2 is formed symmetrically with respect to a P1 of the median longitudinal planes of the section 1, this plane P1 being perpendicular to the face 10 from which the recess 2 is hollowed in the profile. Because of these provisions, the latter face 10 forms on both sides of the profile two flat edges 10a coplanar.
• the pin 3 and the mortise 4 are also formed symmetrically with respect to the aforementioned longitudinal plane P1.
• the end of the post 3 is rounded
• the mortise 4 completely crosses the profile in the direction of its thickness and therefore extends from the flat face 10 to the opposite planar face 13.
• the profile 1 has two shoulders 11 coplanar perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said profile 1.
• the post 3 with a length of 33 mm and a width of 26 mm has a rounded end with a radius of 13 mm.
• the end of the tenon is formed by a convex hemi-cylindrical face, the longitudinal axis of the cylinder to which the hemi-cylindrical surface belongs being contained in the plane P and being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the profile.
• the width of the mortise 4 measured in the direction of the width of the profile is less than said width of the profile, this width being measured in the width direction of the flat face 10. Due to this arrangement the corresponding face 12 of end of the profile, from which is practiced the mortise 4 forms on either side of the latter two coplanar flat edges 12a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the profile 1.
• the mortise has a length of 33 mm and a width of 26 mm .
• This mortise has a concave bottom face of straight section in a semicircle with a radius of 13 mm.
• this bottom face is hemicylindrical, the longitudinal axis of the cylinder to which the hemicylindrical surface belongs being contained in the plane P and being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the profile.
• the two shoulders 11 of the profile are respectively against the edges planes 10a of the face 10.
• the two profiles 1 are assembled to one another by interlocking the pin 3 of one in the mortise 4 of the other, the two shoulders 11 associated with the pin 3 come against the flat edges 12a of the mortise.
• the bottom face 20 of the recess is extended axially by one of the faces of the post, the latter being concave and semicylindrical and has a radius of curvature identical to that of the bottom face 20. opposite side of this tenon axially extends the face 13 of the profile.
• the width of the profile is 48 mm to ensure compatibility with the most common metal rails and frames.
• the face 13 it also has, between two coplanar lateral edges 13a it has, a longitudinal recess 13b rounded, that is to say of cross section in circular arc circumference.
• This recess 13b makes it possible to keep a span of 5 mm on each side and 8 mm of material at least between the two recesses 2 and 13b.
• the coplanar borders 13a and the recess 13b are extended on the post 3.
• the profiles 1 may have either a pin 3 at each end or a pin 3 on one side and a mortise 4 of identical shape on the other side, or a mortise 4 at each end. This arrangement is particularly interesting for the realization of rails or amounts or spacers of great length or requiring several profiles.
• a key 5 according to the invention overcomes this disadvantage by replacing the missing pin 3.
• the key 5 (FIGS. 9 to 12) consists of a section with a square cross section of 26 mm. One of the faces is replaced by a half-round 50 which allows it to fit into the U of a rail or an amount. The piece is 15 cm long and each end has a rounding (35) of radius 13 mm.
• the key 5 has a first plane longitudinal face 50, second planar longitudinal second faces 51 perpendicular to the previous one, of the same width as the first longitudinal face 50, a convex fourth longitudinal face 52, developing according to a half-cylinder, and two end faces 53.
• the profile of the cross section of the key is identical and superimposable to the profile of the cross section of the recess 2.
• Each end face 53 is convex and develops according to a hemicylindrical surface, the radius of curvature of this surface being 13 mm.
• the axis longitudinal axis of the cylinder to which this surface belongs is perpendicular to the first face 50.
• the width of the key measured between the side faces is identical to the width of the recess 2 of each profile and the radii of curvature of the fourth face 52 and each end face 53 are identical to the radius of curvature of the bottom face 20 of the recess 2 of each profile, each said key 5 being provided to be engaged and fixed in the recesses 2 of two axially aligned or perpendicular elements l to each other in order to assemble them to one another.
• this key 5 By positioning this key 5 at the end of a post cut at 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the latter, it replaces the missing post and fits into the rail thus ensuring the mechanical connection. 4mm holes are provided in the key to allow screwing into the post after adjustment. The total height of this key is 33 mm to fit into the recess 2 of a basic profile without exceeding.
• FIG. 13 are shown in section a variant of a profile and a variant of a key according to the invention.
• at least one longitudinal boss 56 is formed on each of the lateral faces 51 of the key and at least one longitudinal groove 22 is formed in each of the faces 21 of the recess.
• Each boss 56 is provided to penetrate into one of the grooves 22.
• FIG. 14 to 17 is shown a profile intended to receive partition plates for example based on plaster. This shouldered profile, may have all the characteristics of the previously described profiles, but has parallel to the faces 10 and 13 of two lateral shoulders 14 on the lower part. This profile can be used with profiles according to the first embodiment and is part of the set of elements according to the invention.
• Each shoulder has a width equivalent to the thickness of a standard plasterboard is 13 mm. It allows, when the profile is used as a bottom rail affixed to the ground, to guarantee a space between the plasterboard, or any other coating, and the ground. This function does not exist with metal rails.
• the shouldered profile used as a rail is compatible with the basic profile for the realization of the uprights. It can also be used as an upright to terminate a partition with straight edges without the use of angle rods which must then be joined.
• the thickness of the shoulders comes in addition to the basic width of 48 mm to reach a total width of 74mm.
• FIGS. 18 to 21 show a symmetrical profile that can be used mainly as an intermediate upright.
• This symmetrical profile is 48 mm wide but 78 mm high and has two recesses 2 26 mm wide, opposite back to back.
• the cross section of the recess 2 of this profile is identical and can be superimposed with the cross section of the recess of the profile according to the preceding embodiments.
• This profile can be used as an upright and allows to place spacers with the basic profile that fit on each side. Using spacers' calibrated length having a tenon 4 at each end, one can ensure a spacing between the amounts strictly identical to the width of the plates which cover them. At least one of the recesses 2 of this profile on each of its faces 20 may have at least one longitudinal groove for receiving a key 5 with longitudinal bosses on its side faces.
• the profiles according to the various embodiments as described, used as an upright or rail, comprise in the plane P through holes 15 of 22 mm in diameter regularly spaced. They are used to ensure the passage of ducts inside the partitions. These holes are prepared during manufacture but a very slight layer of material forming a lid is left in place to seal them and thus improve the insulation.
• these through holes open in the face 13 and in the face 20 of the recess for the profiles according to the first, second and third embodiment and open in the face 20 of the two recesses 2 for the profile according to the fourth embodiment.
• the profiles still according to the plane P will be equipped with through holes 17 adapted to receive screws fixing the floor or ceiling.
• profiles and keys will be made by the technique of molded wood described below.
• the material used comes mainly from wood chips produced by sawmills during the cutting and planing of planks and cleats.
• the wood comes from softwoods that are the most suitable. Salvage wood can also be used.
• the chips are chopped into "twigs" whose size is between 5 and 10 mm long for a diameter of 0.5 to 1 mm.
• the twigs are then dried to lower their moisture content to less than 5%. This drying is completed by a paraffin impregnation designed to slow the absorption of moisture during the manufacturing phases.
• the twigs are mixed with an isocyanate-type adhesive at a level of 5%.
• the solidity of the finished product is obtained by compression of the base mixture in a mold with a pressure of 120 bar and a volumetric ratio of 1: 5.
• the setting of the adhesive is accelerated by heating the mold at a temperature of 200 0 C for a duration equivalent to 15 seconds per millimeter of thickness of the part.
• the glue becomes an inert product and therefore has no influence on the plant component it protects.
• the molded wood has the particularity of being able to be painted, joined or glued to receive decorative coatings. Its smooth appearance combines perfectly with drywall.
• FIGS. 22 to 25 The manufacturing steps are shown in FIGS. 22 to 25 showing a mold used for this fabrication.
• This mold consists of three parts 61, 63 and 66.
• the lower part 61 has a U-shaped cross section with two parallel faces of a height equivalent to five times the height of the finished part. It is fixed on the frame of the press.
• a hydraulic network not shown, allows to circulate hot water under pressure to obtain the temperature of 200 ° C.
• the wings would then receive the same compression as the center for a height five times higher.
• the creep properties of the mixture are very poor.
• the moving part of the mold consists of three parts.
• the central portion 63 corresponds to the bottom of the U and two side portions 66 correspond to the top of the wings.
• a movable tray of the length of the mold comprises two compartments and receives the quantity of product necessary for the manufacture of a part.
• This tray is first positioned outside the press, under a hopper, to receive the necessary amount of wood impregnated with glue. It then moves over the lower part of the mold. It is tilted so that the contents of the first compartment flows into the mold then, after descent of the first movable part of the mold, the second part of the mixture is emptied into the mold.
• the filling operations must be done in a very short time and homogeneously.
• phase A (figure 22) the first part 62 of the mixture is poured into The bottom of the mold. As soon as the lower part of the mold is filled with mixture 62 to a height of 40 mm, the upper portion 63 begins to descend and compress the central portion of the mixture 64. This is phase B ( Figure 23). Phase C (FIG. 24) is devoted to filling the lateral parts with the second part of the mixture 65. Finally, during phase D, (FIG. 25) the lateral parts 66 of the mobile mold descend and compress the mixture. The descent of the three moving parts is done independently to obtain the desired compression ratio. At the end of the phase D, the mixture has taken the form of the final piece 67. The mold remains in position for the time necessary to take the glue is about three minutes. The moving part then goes up leaving the piece free. Ejector cylinders push the piece out of the mold. The profile thus produced is then placed and held in a template during cooling to prevent deformation.
• the holes 17 are made by drilling after cooling.
• the duct passages namely the holes 15 are made by reservations in the mold. The foregoing descriptions apply to profiles made of molded wood.
• the bottom rail can be placed on an insulating tape. It is fixed to the ground by screws and dowels. It is recommended to use pre-drilled holes 17 in the rail and pre-drilled screw-anchor combinations.
• the upper rail is fixed to the ceiling, directly above the lower rail, in the same way.
• a first amount is placed at the end of the rails. It is cut to such a length that once nested in the lower rail, it passes just under the wings of the upper rail.
• a key 5 of molded wood is placed in the recess 2 of the upright and pushed upwards until it contacts the bottom 20 of the recess 2 of the upper rail. It is then fixed by screws to stay in this position. The amount is also fixed at its other end by screws that cross the rail. The screws must penetrate the thickest part to ensure the strength of the structure.
• the following amounts must be placed at a regular distance from each other, a distance equivalent to the width of the plates that will cover the frame. It will be advantageous to use symmetrical profiles for the intermediate amounts. Basic profile pieces will be used to connect the studs at regular intervals. Keys 5 may be used when the profiles have no tenon following their cutting. These keys will be fixed by screws on the uprights.
• the door and window frames can be made by backing them to the flat side of a profile on the sides as well as on the top or bottom.
• the profiles can be fixed by screws on the frames or vice versa.
• the tools needed to install profiled molded wood frames are a miter saw and a screwdriver. It will however be possible to use a specific tool for remaking the ends in the form of tenon. Various devices can be implemented. These tools are described below.
• This tool consists of a bow through which the bar to be shaped. A blade having the shape of the post to be made slides vertically in a guide. A ratchet lever allows the blade to be lowered by exerting sufficient force to cut the profile. The advantage of this tool is that it allows to make male and female cuts.
• This tool consists of a slide now the profile to be shaped and a strawberry whose shape provides the desired profile.
• the profile to be cut is first cut to the desired length and then placed in the slide.
• the cutter is rotated and lowered, thus creating the profile of the post.
• the cutter slides on a vertical slide and is driven by an electric motor.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
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• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-06-15 FR FR0902908A patent/FR2946676B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-06-15 WO PCT/FR2010/000442 patent/WO2010146255A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-06-15 EP EP10734169.5A patent/EP2443292B1/de active Active

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