EP2436032A1 - Unité modulaire électrique refroidie - Google Patents

Unité modulaire électrique refroidie

Info

Publication number
EP2436032A1
EP2436032A1 EP10732266A EP10732266A EP2436032A1 EP 2436032 A1 EP2436032 A1 EP 2436032A1 EP 10732266 A EP10732266 A EP 10732266A EP 10732266 A EP10732266 A EP 10732266A EP 2436032 A1 EP2436032 A1 EP 2436032A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical
metal
module
unit according
radiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10732266A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen SCHULZ-HARDER
Andreas Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rogers Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Curamik Electronics GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102009022877.2A external-priority patent/DE102009022877B4/de
Application filed by Curamik Electronics GmbH filed Critical Curamik Electronics GmbH
Publication of EP2436032A1 publication Critical patent/EP2436032A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
    • H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2039—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body
    • H05K7/20509—Multiple-component heat spreaders; Multi-component heat-conducting support plates; Multi-component non-closed heat-conducting structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
    • H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
    • H01L23/3735—Laminates or multilayers, e.g. direct bond copper ceramic substrates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
    • H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
    • H01L23/3736—Metallic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
    • H01L23/473—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
    • H01L2224/321—Disposition
    • H01L2224/32151—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/32221—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/32225—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01006—Carbon [C]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01013—Aluminum [Al]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01029—Copper [Cu]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/0103—Zinc [Zn]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01042—Molybdenum [Mo]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01046—Palladium [Pd]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01049—Indium [In]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01074—Tungsten [W]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01078—Platinum [Pt]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
    • H01L2924/11—Device type
    • H01L2924/13—Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
    • H01L2924/1301—Thyristor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
    • H01L2924/11—Device type
    • H01L2924/13—Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
    • H01L2924/1304—Transistor
    • H01L2924/1305—Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
    • H01L2924/13055—Insulated gate bipolar transistor [IGBT]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooled electrical or electronic assembly according to the preamble of claim 1, 2, 3, 19 or 22.
  • DCB method direct copper bond technology
  • metal layers or sheets eg copper sheets or sheets
  • metal sheets eg copper sheets or sheets
  • copper sheets or metal or copper foils which have on their surface sides a layer or coating (reflow layer) of a chemical compound of the metal and a reactive gas, preferably oxygen, in this example in US-PS 3,744,120 or in US Pat DE-PS 23 19 854 described method
  • this layer or coating forms a eutectic having a melting temperature below the melting temperature of the metal (eg copper), so that by placing the film on the ceramic and by heating all layers connected to each other can be, by melting the metal or copper substantially only in the range of Aufsc melt layer or oxide layer.
  • This DCB method then indicates e.g. the following process steps:
  • AMB method for example, for joining metallization-forming metal layers or metal foils, in particular also of copper layers or copper foils with ceramic material.
  • AMB method which is also used especially for the production of metal-ceramic substrates, at a temperature between about 800 - 1000 0 C, a connection between a metal foil, such as copper foil, and a ceramic substrate, such as aluminum nitride ceramic, using a brazing filler metal, which also contains an active metal in addition to a main component such as copper, silver and / or gold.
  • This active metal which is, for example, at least one element of the group Hf, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ce, establishes a connection between the solder and the ceramic by chemical reaction, while the connection between the solder and the metal is a metallic braze joint ,
  • metallizations in particular also of printed conductors, contact surfaces, etc. in thick film technology (thick-film technique), in which a paste containing the metal of the metallization is applied to the insulating substrate (ceramic layer), for example by screen printing, and subsequently introduced by heating.
  • cooled electrical or electronic assemblies which in the simplest case each consist of at least one electrical or electronic module and a cooler, for example an active cooler.
  • Electrical or electronic modules according to the invention are in particular simple or complex electrical or electronic circuits or circuits at least consisting of metal-ceramic substrates and each having at least one electrical or electronic component, and power device, eg semiconductor device, such as diode, transistor, IGBT , Thyristor, etc.
  • Active coolers are coolers for the purposes of the invention, each with at least one of a gas and / or vaporous and / or liquid cooling medium (eg, water, optionally with additives) through-flow cooling channel.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electrical or electronic unit which ensures optimal cooling of the at least one module and the at least one electrical or electronic component, in particular also of the at least one power component and / or makes possible a special low-cost production.
  • an electrical unit according to claim 1, 2, 3, 19 or 22 is executed.
  • the electrical assembly is formed, for example, that the ceramic layers of the metal-ceramic substrates on the side facing away from the first metallization surface side provided with a second metallization and at least thermally with this second metallization, for example via a thermally conductive intermediate layer with the respective radiator are connected, and / or that the first metallization of a metal-ceramic substrate is provided with external electrical terminals which protrude beyond the outer surface of the module, and / or that the electrical connections to the first metallization connected leads, for example those from a leadframe are and / or that for forming the electrical connections, the ceramic layer of at least one metal-ceramic substrate at least with the structured first
  • connection with the first metallization is electrically and mechanically connected, and / or that the ceramic layer is provided in the region of the terminal with a predetermined breaking point or a continuous slot, and / or that when forming the at least one module as a power module at least all external electrical power connections on a single metal
  • Ceramic substrate are provided and / or protrude over a common side of the electrical assembly and / or the module, and / or that the radiator structure has at least three radiators, which are arranged parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, and that between each two
  • Coolers in each case at least one module is arranged, which is at least thermally connected to two adjacent radiators on two opposite sides of the module, and / or that the radiator are connected to each other via spacers, and / or that provided at least in some distance holders openings
  • Complement cooling medium and / or that the radiator forming the radiator structure consist of multi-layer plates connected to each other in several layers, and / or that the radiator are at least partially formed by plates of a flat profile with a plurality of cooling channels, and / or that the cooler structure comprises at least two chambers formed, for example, by pipe sections and at least two flat radiators extending between these chambers, the cooling channels of which are connected to the chambers, and the chambers are arranged with their longitudinal extent perpendicular or transverse to the surface sides of the flat radiators are, and / or that at least two modules to a comb, on the radiator of
  • Radiator structure slidable comb-like module unit are connected, and / or that the radiator are flat, plate-shaped radiator, and / or that the radiator those with micro or macro-cooling channels, especially those in several spatial axes constantly branching cooling channels, optionally with posts and in the cooling passages extending into heat transmitting surfaces or wings, and / or that the radiator of the radiator structure are formed identically, and / or that the metal-ceramic substrates in particular for the formation of electrical
  • (16b) are led out, and / or that the metal-ceramic substrates of at least one module are provided on at least one side of the module with projecting over this side portions, and that these portions of the metal-ceramic substrates in a
  • Axially parallel to the surface sides of the substrates are offset from each other, and / or that at least one radiator or the flat profile of a metallic
  • Material such as copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy and / or plastic, for example, a
  • Plastic having a thermal conductivity-enhancing additive e.g. is made in the form of graphite and / or Karbonnanomaschinematerial, and / or that the cooling channels at both ends each in an example of a
  • cover part is also trough-like, preferably identical to the trough-like radiator element or as a flat lid, and / or that the cover part and the radiator element by gluing, preferably below
  • a leitklebers are connected to each other, and / or that at least the radiator element is manufactured as a molding and / or by material-lifting machining, and / or that the at least one module is attached to the outside of the floor, and / or that the electrical module or whose metal-ceramic substrate is connected to the respective radiator via at least one intermediate layer, and / or that the intermediate layer is made of a metal, for example solder, of a
  • the intermediate layers are a soldering and solder layer, and / or that the intermediate layers are an adhesive bonding layer and a layer of a thermal adhesive, and / or that the ceramic layer is made of Al 2 O 3, AbCb + ZrCh, AlN and / or S ⁇ 3N4, and / or that the respective ceramic-metal substrate is produced using the AMB, DCB and / or DAB technique, and / or that the ceramic layer of the metal-ceramic substrate has a thickness in the range between 0, 1 5 - has 2.0 mm, and / or that at least one metallization of copper, copper alloy, from
  • Aluminum consists of aluminum alloy and / or has a thickness in the range of between 0.012 and 0.8 mm, and / or that at least one metallization consists of one or more layers of Ag, Ag-Pd, Ag-Pt,
  • the solder-transfer layer consists of Ni, Cu and / or NiP and / or by cold spraying , Plasma spraying, and / or flame spraying is applied, and / or that the adhesive-mediating layer of AI2O3 is formed and / or has a thickness of 0.01 - 0.1 mm, and / or that the solder layer of Sn -, Pb, Bi, In alloys and / or consists of Ag and / or has a thickness of 0.02 - 0.5 mm, and / or in that the solder-imparting layer consists of a metallic material having a coefficient of expansion of 7-12 ppm, for example of CuW and / or CuMo, and / or in the case of a substrate bonded to a cooler via at least one intermediate layer the intermediate layer adjacentdeerwandung is chosen so small that temperature-induced mechanical stresses compensated by the
  • FIG. 1 in a simplified schematic representation and in section an electrical or electronic assembly according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 - 5 respectively in individual representation and in section different connections
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of the assembly of Fig. 6;
  • FIGS 9 and 10 in partial view and in plan view of an active cooler structure for use in the assembly according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the elements of the radiator structure of
  • Fig. 12 is a plan view of an electrical or electronic assembly with a flat radiator formed by a flat profile
  • FIG. 13 shows the electronic assembly of FIG. 12 in section
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective exploded view of a flat radiator for
  • FIG. 15 is a representation as Figure 1 in a further embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 16 is a plan view of a metal-ceramic substrate of an electronic
  • 17 is a simplified sectional view of a flat radiator for use with an electrical or electronic assembly according to the
  • the electronic structural unit generally designated 1 in FIG. 1 essentially consists of two outer flat plate-shaped coolers 2 and 3 forming a cooler structure, which in the illustrated embodiment are active coolers, ie Coolers through which a cooling medium can flow, for example as liquid coolers, are formed from two metal-ceramic substrates 4 and 5 and from a plurality of electrical or electronic components 6.
  • the metal-ceramic substrate 4, which adjoins the upper radiator 2 in FIG. 1, contains a ceramic layer 7 which has structured metallization 9 forming a surface side with a continuous metallization 8 and also the other surface side with a conductor tracks, contact surfaces, etc. is provided.
  • the metal-ceramic substrate 5 of the ceramic layer 10 the lower, continuous metallization 1 1 and the upper, for the formation of interconnects, contact surfaces, etc. structured metallization 1 1.
  • the components 6 are arranged and with these, the electrical connections to the components 6 forming metallizations in a suitable manner thermally and electrically connected, for example by soldering.
  • the outer continuous metallizations 8 and 1 1 are each fully connected at least thermally conductively connected to the cooler 2 and 3, for example via a thermally conductive intermediate layer 13 and 14, for example, each a solder layer, for example, a soft solder layer, a layer of a bathleitkleber or a thermal paste are.
  • a thermally conductive intermediate layer 13 and 14 for example, each a solder layer, for example, a soft solder layer, a layer of a bathleitkleber or a thermal paste are.
  • Existence of the intermediate layers 13 and 14 of a thermal paste it is by suitable measures, for example by Clamping devices ensured that the two coolers 2 and 3 pressed against the top and bottom of the module unit 16 pressed against
  • the ceramic layers 7 and 10 are, for example, those of Al 2 O 3, AhO 3 + ZrO 2, AlN, Si 3 N 4 or of the combination of one or more of the aforementioned ceramics.
  • the metallizations 8, 9, 11 and 12 are, for example, those made of copper or copper alloys or aluminum or aluminum alloys by means of suitable bonding methods, for example using the direct bonding method, the active solder bonding method or using an adhesive the respective ceramic layer are applied, or produced in thick film metallizations.
  • the electrical connections (terminals), in particular also the power connections for the assembly 1, are preferably only on one of the two metal-ceramic substrates, i. provided in the illustrated embodiment of the metal-ceramic substrate 4, for example by removing the corresponding metallization 9 or each of a separate lead or terminal 15, which is connected to the structured metallization 9 in a suitable manner and formed for example by free punching from a leadframe ,
  • the two metal-ceramic substrates 4 and 5 and the components 6 arranged between them form a module, which is generally designated 16 in FIG. 1 and, in practice, is sealed with an electrically insulating potting compound, in particular also in such a way that that this potting compound completely fills all cavities between the metal-ceramic substrates 4 and 5 and the components 6, in such a way that only the electrical connections 15 protrude laterally from the potted module 16 and that Metallisations 8 and 1 1 for the thermal connection to the radiator 2 and 3 are exposed.
  • the electronic assembly 1 has the advantage of a particularly effective double-sided cooling of the module 16 and the components 6, i. Cooling both at the top and at the bottom. Since the module 16 is arranged between the two coolers 2 and 3, the electrical unit 1 can also be referred to as a thermal interface module.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 each show, in a simplified representation and in section, further possibilities of forming the outer terminals 15a-15d in such a way that the ceramic layer 7 leads out of the housing of the module 16 formed by the potting compound with at least one metallization forming the respective connection is.
  • connection denoted 15a in FIG. 2 is formed by the lower structured metallization 9 and a metal surface 17 produced by structuring the upper metallization 8 and by a via 18 connecting the metallization 9 and the metal surface 17 in the region of an opening in the ceramic layer 7.
  • the external electrical connection to the terminal 15a can thereby be done without the risk of breakage of the ceramic layer 7 by clamping on the opposite sides of the metallization 9 and the metal layer 17, wherein the via 18 not only produces an electrical connection, but at the same time as a mechanical support serves.
  • FIG. 3 shows, as a further embodiment, a connection 15b, which differs from the connection 15a only in that a predetermined breaking point 19 is formed in the ceramic layer 7, which is outside the area formed by the potting compound Housing of the module 16 is provided, in such a way that when acting on the terminal 15b and the breaking strength of the ceramic layer 7 exceeds forces the ceramic layer 7 in a non-critical area, namely at the predetermined breaking point 19 breaks.
  • connection 15c shown in FIG. 4 differs from the connection 15b essentially in that, instead of the predetermined breaking point 19 in the ceramic layer 7, a slot 19,1 is made, so that outer, acting on the connection 15c and exceeding the breaking strength of the ceramic layer 7 Forces can not cause a breakage of the ceramic layer 7.
  • FIG. 5 shows a connection 15d, which differs from the connections 15b and 15c in that one of the metal surfaces, for example the upper metal surface 17 and the Duch contact 18 are omitted.
  • 17 could be provided in the embodiment of Figure 5 but also the upper metallization.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show, as a further embodiment, an electrical unit 1 a which initially differs from the electrical unit 1 in that a total of three coolers 20 - 22 and two modules 16 are provided, in such a way that the coolers 20 - 22 and form a stack-like arrangement or cooler structure in module units 16 arranged between them, so that each module 16 is thermally connected at its top and bottom sides to a cooler 20 and 21 or 21 and 22, again via an intermediate layer, for example.
  • the coolers 20-22 are also flat plate-shaped and active coolers, ie radiators through which a cooling medium can flow.
  • a ports 23 and 24 are provided at the top of the unit, which form together with openings in the coolers 20 - 22 and in the radiator 20 - 22 spaced spacers 25 distribution channels for supplying and discharging the cooling medium.
  • O-rings or sealing rings 26 the transitions between the Coolers 20 - 22 and the terminals 23 and 24 and the spacer holders 25 sealed to the outside.
  • connection or clamping means the individual elements are clamped together and / or connected to each other to the unit 1a and to the radiator 20 - 22 having cooler structure.
  • the assembly 1 a also has the advantage of a double-sided and thus very intensive and effective cooling of the modules 16 and the local components. 6
  • the flat radiators 20-22 are rectangular in plan view.
  • the ports 23 and 24 and the channels formed by these ports, by the spacers 25 and by the openings in the coolers 20-22 are each located on a narrow side of the rectangular radiators 20-22 and the radiator structure, respectively.
  • the electrical connections, which are again denoted by 15 in FIG. 7, are led to the outside at one or both longitudinal sides of the radiator structure which is rectangular in plan view.
  • the coolers 2, 3 and 20 - 22 are preferably made of a metallic material, for example made of copper or a copper alloy or aluminum or an aluminum alloy and may be formed in particular in their various ways with regard to their flowing through the cooling medium inner radiator structure.
  • the coolers consist of a plurality of flatly interconnected plates of the metallic material, wherein the inner plates are then structured to form micro or micro-cooling channels or cooling channels, possibly also connecting to the top and bottom of the respective radiator and flows around the cooling medium with post additional in the cooling medium flow reaching wing-like cooling surfaces, etc.
  • FIG. 8 shows, in a very schematic representation, a flat, plate-shaped active cooler 27 which can be used, for example, instead of the coolers 2 and 3 or 20-22 and is manufactured particularly inexpensively using a flat profile made of a metallic material.
  • the cooler 27 consists essentially of a square or rectangular plate 28 produced from the flat profile, in which several from a peripheral side to the opposite peripheral side reaching, already provided in the flat profile and of the
  • Cooling medium can be flowed through cooling channels 29 are formed.
  • Cooling medium are two longitudinally slotted pipe sections 30 and 31, in which the plate 28 extends with its the openings of the cooling channels 29 having sides and with which the plate 28 is tightly connected at these sides, so that the cooling medium through the pipe section 30th or the interior of this pipe section to flow into the cooling channels 29 and can be removed via the pipe section 31 and over the interior of this pipe section from the cooling channels 29.
  • the pipe sections of the at least two coolers 27 are at one end closed and connected at the other end in each case with a common channel for supplying or discharging the cooling medium.
  • FIGS 9-11 show a simplified representation of a generally designated 32 in these figures radiator structure of an electrical unit 1 b, the (radiator structure) again consists of a plurality of flat plate-shaped radiators 33 which are arranged parallel to each other and at a distance from each other, to Recording and cooling on both sides in each case at least one module 16 between in the simplest case metallic plates, for example those made of copper, a copper alloy, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, preferably made of a flat profile, which is lying inside with a variety of Channels is made. These then form the cooling channels 34, which extend in each cooler 33 from one edge of the plate to the opposite edge of the plate and are open at these plate edges.
  • metallic plates for example those made of copper, a copper alloy, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, preferably made of a flat profile, which is lying inside with a variety of Channels is made.
  • the radiators 33 each extend through a rectangular slot in pipe sections 35 and 36, respectively, where they are sealed to the pipe sections so that an outwardly sealed connection wipes the pipe sections 35 and 36 and the coolers 33 for supplying and discharging the cooling medium is reached.
  • the two pipe sections 35 and 36 are arranged with their axes parallel to each other and from each other and perpendicular to the plane of the top and bottom of the radiator 33.
  • the cooler structure 32 formed by the coolers 33 and the pipe sections 35 and 36 is first manufactured and then so post-processed, that the distance between the opposing radiators 33 corresponds exactly to the thickness of the modules 16, ie exactly the distance of the outer surfaces of the outer metallizations 8 and 1 1.
  • This reworking of the radiator structure 32 for example, by a corresponding upsetting of the pipe sections 35 and 36th in their axial direction.
  • 33 gauge blocks ie fittings made of a suitable material, eg made of metal, are then inserted between the coolers, the thickness of which corresponds exactly to the thickness of the modules 16 and thus determine the distance between the coolers 33 during the compression of the pipe sections 35 and 36. Subsequently, the final dimensions are removed, so that then the modules 16 can be mounted between the individual coolers 33.
  • the cooling channel structure of the flat plate-shaped coolers 33 is formed by a plurality of cooling channels 34. Of course, other cooling channel structures are possible.
  • coolers 33 it is also possible for the coolers 33 to be produced in multiple layers from a plurality of metal layers or layers connected to one another in a planar manner, wherein the inner metal layers or layers are then structured or provided with openings to form a manifold branching inner cooling channel structure.
  • Module 16 to connect to a comb-like module unit 16 a with each other, which is then laterally slid or placed on the cooler 32 formed by the radiators 33 and the pipe sections 35 and 36 radiator structure.
  • the comb-like module unit 16a consists of several modules 16.
  • the spaced-apart modules 16 are connected to one another at one of their longitudinal sides. On the other longitudinal side, the intermediate spaces formed between the modules 16 are open, so that the module unit 16a with this side ahead can be placed laterally on the between the pipe sections 35 and 36 ladder-like extending radiator 33, whereby the assembly of a plurality of modules 16 at the Cooler unit 32 can be realized in a particularly simple manner.
  • the comb-like module unit 16a is designed, for example, in terms of its outer shape as a block-shaped block, which is provided on one side with a plurality of open on this side and on two opposite end faces grooves 16.1 which are parallel to each other and at a distance from each other and in the embodiment shown also parallel to two peripheral sides of the block.
  • a module 16 is located on each side of each groove 16.1.
  • electrical connections run within the block.
  • the radiator 2, 3, 27, 33 and radiator structures and their other elements made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to avoid a by the combination of different metals caused corrosion.
  • FIGS 12 and 13 show as a further embodiment of the invention, a cooled electronic assembly 40 with an electric or electronic module 41 and a flat, plate-shaped radiator 42.
  • the latter consists of a flat profile formed by a flat and in the illustrated embodiment substantially square cooling plate 43rd with a plurality of cooling channels 44, which in turn extend from one edge of the plate to the opposite edge of the plate, are open at these plate edges and are formed by channels already present in the flat profile.
  • For supplying and discharging the cooling medium serve two pipe sections 45 and 46, between which the cooling plate 43 is arranged and which are provided with their axes parallel to each other and spaced from each other.
  • the two pipe sections 45 and 46 are attached to the cooling plate 43 such that the cooling channels 44 each open tightly into the channels formed in the pipe sections 45 and 46. In the illustrated embodiment, this serves
  • the cooling channels 44 are offset parallel to the surface sides of the cooling plate 43, but may additionally be offset from one another in the direction of the plate thickness.
  • the cooling plate 43 may also have a different shape.
  • the electrical or electronic module 41 On the upper side of the cooling plate 43, the electrical or electronic module 41 is provided.
  • the latter essentially consists of a metal-ceramic substrate 47 with a ceramic layer 48 and with metallizations 49 and 50 on both surface sides of the ceramic layer 48.
  • the metallization 49 on the upper side is structured to form conductor tracks, contact surfaces, etc.
  • the metallization 50 at the bottom is continuous.
  • electrical components, such as semiconductor devices 51, and at least one power device are provided on the metallization 49 essentially consists of a metal-ceramic substrate 47 with a ceramic layer 48 and with metallizations 49 and 50 on both surface sides of the ceramic layer 48.
  • the metallization 49 on the upper side is structured to form conductor tracks, contact surfaces, etc.
  • the metallization 50 at the bottom is continuous.
  • electrical components, such as semiconductor devices 51, and at least one power device are provided on the metallization 49 essentially consists of a metal-ceramic substrate 47 with a ceramic layer 48 and with
  • the electrical module 41 is mechanically and in particular also thermally connected to the cooling plate 43.
  • the cooling plate 43 is provided in the illustrated embodiment on its upper side with a Lotvunstik 52 to which then by soldering or via a solder layer 53, the metal-ceramic substrate 47 is attached to the metallization 50.
  • the radiator 42 and in particular the radiator plate 43 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, namely to avoid a caused by the combination of different metals Corrosion.
  • the ceramic of the ceramic layer 48 of the electrical module 41 is, for example, Al 2 O 3, AlN, S 3 N 4 or Al 2 O 3 + ZKIh. In principle, combinations thereof may also be used.
  • the thickness of the ceramic layer 48 is for example in the range between 0.15 and 2.0 mm.
  • the metallization 49 is made of, for example, copper or a copper alloy and has a thickness in the range of about 0.012 - 0.8 mm.
  • the metallization 50 consists for example of Ag, Ag-Pd, Ag-Pt and has a thickness in the range between 0.01-0.09 mm.
  • the Lotvantistik 52 consists, if any, of Ni, Cu, NiP and is, for example, galvanic and / or applied by cold gas spraying and / or by plasma spraying and / or by flame spraying.
  • soldering layer for example, applied only where the metal-ceramic substrate 47 is to be fixed by soldering. In principle, it is also possible to provide the solder-bonding layer 52 on the entire upper side of the cooler 42 or the cooling plate 43.
  • connection between the electrical module 41 and the cooling plate 43 is carried out using a thermally conductive adhesive, it makes sense, at least where the connection is to take place, on the top of the cooling plate 43 to provide an adhesive-switching layer, for example, AI2O3 with a thickness approximately in the range between 0.01 and 0.1 mm and, for example, produced by anionic oxidation.
  • an adhesive-switching layer for example, AI2O3 with a thickness approximately in the range between 0.01 and 0.1 mm and, for example, produced by anionic oxidation.
  • the solder layer 53 has, for example, a thickness in the range between 0.02-0.5 mm.
  • solder for example, Sn alloy, or layers of Ag are (at 200-400 0 C and sintered pressure).
  • FIG. 14 shows a simplified perspective exploded view of a cooler 54 consisting of a flat, trough-like lower part or radiator element 55 with bottom 56 and peripheral edge 57 and a mounted on the open side of the radiator element 55 cover 58.
  • the radiator 54 and whose radiator element 55 and cover 58 are rectangular in plan view.
  • On the inner surface of the bottom 56 projections 59 are formed, which have a diamond-shaped cross-section in the illustrated embodiment and are arranged in a plurality of mutually gap-spaced rows parallel to the longer peripheral sides of the radiator element 55.
  • the projections 59 which are spaced apart and thus form between them flow paths for the radiator 54 flowing through the cooling medium and are oriented with the larger diagonal of their diamond-shaped respectively parallel to the longer peripheral sides of the radiator element 55, form a cooler structure 60, in the region of both narrow sides of the radiator element 55 with Distance from the concerned
  • Narrow side ends Between each narrow side and the radiator structure 60, a chamber 61 or 62 is thus formed in the interior of the closed radiator 54, of which, for example, the chamber 61 for supplying and distributing the cooling medium to the radiator structure 60 and the chamber 62 for collecting the cooling medium serve to flow through the radiator structure 60.
  • the two chambers 61 and 62 are connected via connections or openings 63, which are provided in the illustrated embodiment in the lid 58, to an outer cooling medium circuit.
  • the projections 59 each extend to the inside of the cover 58 and are preferably connected to the cover there.
  • the radiator 54 or its radiator element 55 and / or cover 56 are made of a metallic material, e.g. of copper, of a copper alloy, of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy, in particular the radiator element 55 e.g. produced by casting and / or milling.
  • the cooler element 55 e.g. made of copper using the DCB technique, from a plate forming the bottom 56, from a frame forming the edge 57 and from the projections 59 forming moldings.
  • the cooler 54 and in particular its cooler element 55 made of a plastic, for example of epoxy resin and preferably plastic with at least one thermal conductivity-increasing additive, for example with graphite and / or with carbon nanofibers or nanotubes.
  • the connection of the cover 54 to the radiator element 55 is effected in dependence on the material used for the radiator 54, for example by DCB technology, by soldering or by gluing.
  • At least one electrical module for example the electrical module 41, is fastened again, in the same way as described above in connection with FIGS. 12 and 13 has been.
  • the radiator 54 forms on each of the opposite sides a cooling surface. Furthermore, it is possible to provide the cooler 54 several times in an electrical unit, in which case electrical components or module units or modules with the coolers 54 are then provided in the stack between the coolers.
  • FIG. 15 shows, in a representation similar to FIG. 1, an electronic structural unit 1 c which, in turn, i.a. the two outer radiators 2 and 3, the two metal-ceramic substrates 4 and 5 corresponding metal-ceramic substrates 4a and 5a, which are respectively connected via the intermediate layer 13 and 14 with the radiators 2 and 3, and the electrical components 6 have.
  • the assembly 1 c differs from the assembly 1 essentially in that at least the ceramic layers 7 and 10 are led out to the side of the module unit 16b at least with the internal metallization 9 and 12 to form the electrical connections.
  • the electrical connections are executed in detail, for example, according to the terminals 15a - 15d.
  • FIG. 16 shows a module unit 16c in which the ceramic layers of the substrates 4b and 5b corresponding to the metal-ceramic substrates 4 and 5 are attached to one another Edge region are each provided with a projecting over this edge region section 4b1 and 5b1, in such a way that the portion 4b1 relative to the portion 5b1 is offset such that in the plan view of Figure 16, both sections are visible. Correspondingly, the metallizations provided on the ceramic layers are also formed. At sections 4b1 and 5b1 this forms
  • FIG. 17 shows, in a simplified sectional view, a flat radiator 64, which consists of two trough-like radiator elements 55 which adjoin one another with their opening side and are connected tightly to one another.
  • the projections 59 are arranged such that each projection 59 on a radiator element 55 adjoins a projection 59 on the other radiator element 55.
  • the projections 59 are in each case suitably also thermally connected to one another, for example using a heat-conducting adhesive, by soldering or in another suitable manner.
  • the radiator 64 forms one on each of the opposite sides
  • Cooling surface Furthermore, it is possible to provide the cooler 64 several times in an electrical unit, wherein in each case electrical components or module units or modules with the coolers 64 are then provided in the stack between the coolers 64.
  • the electrical components or units are connected via a connecting layer or a plurality of connecting layers, for example via a solder layer to the respective radiator or its cooling element, for example with the radiator 2, 3, 20 - 22, 33, 54 or 64
  • a connecting layer or a plurality of connecting layers for example via a solder layer to the respective radiator or its cooling element, for example with the radiator 2, 3, 20 - 22, 33, 54 or 64
  • Wall thickness of the adjoining the connection or solder layer wall of the radiator very thin form so thin that due to temperature changes, in particular the cooler caused mechanical stresses are compensated by the elasticity of the thin wall of the radiator and thus still within the radiator and thus not transferred to the compound or solder layer.
  • This embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that temperature-induced or by
  • the thickness of the adjacent to the connecting and / or intermediate layer wall of the radiator is in training of the radiator made of metal, such as copper or aluminum preferably in the range between 0.2 mm and 1, 5 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une unité modulaire électrique comprenant au moins une structure de refroidissement et au moins un module électrique présentant au moins un composant électrique sur un substrat métal-céramique.
EP10732266A 2009-05-27 2010-05-20 Unité modulaire électrique refroidie Withdrawn EP2436032A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102009022877.2A DE102009022877B4 (de) 2009-04-29 2009-05-27 Gekühlte elektrische Baueinheit
PCT/DE2010/000566 WO2010136017A1 (fr) 2009-05-27 2010-05-20 Unité modulaire électrique refroidie

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EP2436032A1 true EP2436032A1 (fr) 2012-04-04

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EP10732266A Withdrawn EP2436032A1 (fr) 2009-05-27 2010-05-20 Unité modulaire électrique refroidie

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US (2) US20120069524A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2436032A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012528471A (fr)
KR (1) KR20120018811A (fr)
CN (1) CN102449758A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010136017A1 (fr)

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KR20120018811A (ko) 2012-03-05
US20140334103A1 (en) 2014-11-13
JP2012528471A (ja) 2012-11-12
US20120069524A1 (en) 2012-03-22
WO2010136017A1 (fr) 2010-12-02

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