EP2426228A1 - Magnesium sheet semi-finished products with improved cold reforming characteristics - Google Patents

Magnesium sheet semi-finished products with improved cold reforming characteristics Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2426228A1
EP2426228A1 EP20100175241 EP10175241A EP2426228A1 EP 2426228 A1 EP2426228 A1 EP 2426228A1 EP 20100175241 EP20100175241 EP 20100175241 EP 10175241 A EP10175241 A EP 10175241A EP 2426228 A1 EP2426228 A1 EP 2426228A1
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Prior art keywords
magnesium
finished products
weight
semi
alloys
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2426228B1 (en
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Jan Bohlen
Kerstin Hantzsche
Dietmar Letzig
Karl Ulrich Kainer
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Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum fuer Material und Kustenforschung GmbH
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Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum fuer Material und Kustenforschung GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/04—Alloys based on magnesium with zinc or cadmium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnesium alloy, in particular a Magnesiumknetlegtechnik with improved ductility.
  • Magnesium sheets are of particular importance for structural applications because they offer properties such as light weight, high specific strength and good castability.
  • magnesium wrought alloys have been increasingly used for the production of sheet because they have superior mechanical properties compared to cast alloys.
  • Magnesium wrought alloys have great potential for use as engineering components in the automotive industry and in some aerospace applications.
  • magnesium blanks are prepared from blanks (e.g., slabs or cast rolled strip) of a magnesium alloy by a forging process such as a rolling process. These magnesium sheets are then formed into a component.
  • a significant problem in the sheet metal forming of magnesium sheet semis is their limited formability.
  • Hot forming processes, with which currently known magnesium sheet metal semi-finished products can be processed into one component, are technically more complicated and cost-intensive, than cold forming processes and therefore economically undesirable.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a magnesium sheet semifinished product which can also be produced by means of cold forming processes can be processed or low temperatures required for the forming step, so has better cold workability.
  • the object is achieved by the use of an alloy for producing a magnesium sheet, which contains, based on the total weight of the sheet, the following constituents: 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of zinc, 0.2 to 1.5% by weight of yttrium, 0 up to 0.8% by weight of zirconium and magnesium as the remainder.
  • the proportion of zinc is preferably 0.8 to 1.2% by weight, the alloy being essentially free of aluminum.
  • the proportion of yttrium is 0.2 to 0.7 wt.%.
  • the proportion of zirconium is preferably 0 to 0.5% by weight.
  • the magnesium sheet semifinished products according to the invention have an improved cold forming behavior in comparison to known magnesium sheet semifinished products.
  • the magnesium sheet metal semi-finished products according to the invention are preferably produced by rolling. They may be for a rolling process in the form of cast slabs or as a rolled thin strip.
  • the alloys of the invention may additionally contain one or more alloying elements selected from the group consisting of gadolinium (Gd), neodymium (Nd), scandium (Sc) and dysprosium (Dy).
  • Rolling is a massive forming process in which a material is deformed between two rolls at elevated temperature or at room temperature. The shape of the material is changed so that it decreases in thickness and is pulled in length. This process is multi-level and accompanied by intermediate anneals to prevent the temperature of the workpiece from dropping too much.
  • sheet metal production in optimal form is currently possible only at elevated temperature.
  • microstructural processes take place; the material recrystallizes. During recrystallization, the structure of the material is changed, usually re-formed. Depending on the characteristics of the recrystallization mechanisms, new sheet metal structures are created, which are characterized by the so-called sheet metal texture. In the case of the present invention, homogeneous and fine-grained microstructures having a weak texture are obtained. On the one hand, this combination enables good mechanical properties and, on the other hand, improved ductility.
  • the alloys according to the invention are suitable for the production of components by sheet metal forming.
  • the sheet metal forming processes are cold forming processes.
  • the components produced by sheet metal forming may preferably be used in the manufacture of automobiles, ships and / or aircraft.
  • the alloys ZW10 and ZWK100 according to the invention differ from the known alloys ZE10 and ZWK100 in that the alloying element cerium is replaced as completely as possible by yttrium.
  • the mechanical properties of tensile tests of the respective semi-finished products produced from the alloys are shown in Table 2. The properties are shown as a function of the examined orientation in the rolling direction (WR), 45 ° direction to the rolling direction (45 °) and transverse direction.
  • the sheets were rolled continuously with a degree of deformation of 0.3 per rolling step and heated to 400 ° C between two rolling steps in an oven. After rolling, the sheets were heated at 400 ° C for 30 minutes.
  • the yield strength (R p02 ) and the strength (R m ) decrease from the rolling direction (WR) to the transverse direction (QR).
  • the elongation at break of the alloys according to the invention is markedly improved in comparison with the known alloys. While the known alloys show a significant drop in the elongation at break from the rolling direction to the transverse direction, the elongation at break of the alloys according to the invention is surprisingly almost constant.
  • the alloys according to the invention have a comparatively homogeneous and fine-grained microstructure with a weak texture and can be cold-worked at room temperature, e.g. rolled at room temperature.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)

Abstract

The magnesium alloy based on the total weight of the alloy comprises zinc (0.2-1.2 wt.%), yttrium (0.2-1.5 wt.%), zirconium (0-0.8 wt.%), and magnesium as reside, where aluminum is present that is in not more than impurity amounts of 0.001 wt.%. The portion of the zinc is 0.8-1.2 wt.%. The portion of the yttrium is 0.2-0.7 wt.%. The portion of the zirconium is 0-0.5 wt.%.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Magnesiumlegierung, insbesondere eine Magnesiumknetlegierung mit verbesserter Duktilität.The present invention relates to a magnesium alloy, in particular a Magnesiumknetlegierung with improved ductility.

Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention

Magnesiumbleche sind von besonderer Bedeutung für strukturelle Anwendungen, da sie Eigenschaften wie geringes Gewicht, hohe spezifische Festigkeit und gute Gießbarkeit bieten. In den letzten Jahren wurden Magnesiumknetlegierungen zunehmend für die Herstellung von Blechen verwendet, da sie im Vergleich zu Gusslegierungen überlegene mechanische Eigenschaften aufweisen. Magnesiumknetlegierungen haben ein großes Potenzial für den Einsatz als technische Komponenten in der Automobilindustrie und in einigen Anwendungen in der Luftfahrt.Magnesium sheets are of particular importance for structural applications because they offer properties such as light weight, high specific strength and good castability. In recent years, magnesium wrought alloys have been increasingly used for the production of sheet because they have superior mechanical properties compared to cast alloys. Magnesium wrought alloys have great potential for use as engineering components in the automotive industry and in some aerospace applications.

Zur Herstellung von Magnesiumbauteilen werden zunächst aus Rohlingen (z.B. Brammen oder gießgewalztes Band) einer Magnesiumlegierung mittels eines Massivumformverfahrens wie eines Walzprozesses Magnesiumbleche (Halbzeug) hergestellt. Diese Magnesiumbleche werden dann zu einem Bauteil umgeformt.To produce magnesium components, first, magnesium blanks (semi-finished product) are prepared from blanks (e.g., slabs or cast rolled strip) of a magnesium alloy by a forging process such as a rolling process. These magnesium sheets are then formed into a component.

Ein wesentliches Problem bei der Blechumformung von Magnesiumblechhalbzeugen ist deren eingeschränktes Umformvermögen. Insbesondere ist es derzeit nicht möglich, Magnesiumblechhalbzeuge mittels Kaltumformverfahren zu einem Bauteil zu verarbeiten. Warmumformprozesse, mit denen derzeit bekannte Magnesiumblechhalbzeuge zu einem Bauteil verarbeitet werden können, sind technisch aufwendiger und kostenintensiver, als Kaltumformprozesse und daher ökonomisch unerwünscht.A significant problem in the sheet metal forming of magnesium sheet semis is their limited formability. In particular, it is currently not possible to process magnesium sheet semi-finished products by means of a cold forming process to form a component. Hot forming processes, with which currently known magnesium sheet metal semi-finished products can be processed into one component, are technically more complicated and cost-intensive, than cold forming processes and therefore economically undesirable.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher ein Magnesiumblechhalbzeug bereitzustellen, das auch mittels Kaltumformverfahren verarbeitet werden kann bzw. für den formgebenden Schritt geringe Temperaturen benötigt, also bessere Kaltumformbarkeit aufweist.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a magnesium sheet semifinished product which can also be produced by means of cold forming processes can be processed or low temperatures required for the forming step, so has better cold workability.

Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Verwendung einer Legierung zur Herstellung eines Magnesiumblechhalbzeugs gelöst, das bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Blechs folgende Bestandteile enthält: 0,4 bis 1,5 Gew.% Zink, 0,2 bis 1,5 Gew.% Yttrium, 0 bis 0,8 Gew.% Zirkon und Magnesium als Rest. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Anteil an Zink 0,8 bis 1,2 Gew.%, wobei die Legierung im Wesentlichen aluminiumfrei ist. Im Wesentlichen bedeutet im vorliegenden Zusammenhang, dass nicht mehr als Verunreinigungsmengen von unter 0,001 Gew.%, vorzugsweise unter 0,0001 Gew.% vorhanden sind. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Anteil an Yttrium 0,2 bis 0,7 Gew.%. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Anteil an Zirkon 0 bis 0,5 Gew.%.The object is achieved by the use of an alloy for producing a magnesium sheet, which contains, based on the total weight of the sheet, the following constituents: 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of zinc, 0.2 to 1.5% by weight of yttrium, 0 up to 0.8% by weight of zirconium and magnesium as the remainder. The proportion of zinc is preferably 0.8 to 1.2% by weight, the alloy being essentially free of aluminum. Essentially in the present context means that no more than impurity levels of less than 0.001% by weight, preferably less than 0.0001% by weight are present. Preferably, the proportion of yttrium is 0.2 to 0.7 wt.%. The proportion of zirconium is preferably 0 to 0.5% by weight.

Detaillierte Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention

Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, dass das die erfindungsgemäßen Magnesiumblechhalbzeuge im Vergleich zu bekannten Magnesiumblechhalbzeugen ein verbessertes Kaltumformungsverhalten aufweisen.Surprisingly, it has been found that the magnesium sheet semifinished products according to the invention have an improved cold forming behavior in comparison to known magnesium sheet semifinished products.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Magnesiumblechhalbzeuge werden vorzugsweise durch Walzen hergestellt. Sie können für einen Walzprozess in Form von gegossenen Brammen oder als gewalztes Dünnband vorliegen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen können zusätzlich eines oder mehrere Legierungselemente enthalten, die aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Gadolinium (Gd), Neodym (Nd), Scandium (Sc) und Dysprosium (Dy) ausgewählt sind.The magnesium sheet metal semi-finished products according to the invention are preferably produced by rolling. They may be for a rolling process in the form of cast slabs or as a rolled thin strip. The alloys of the invention may additionally contain one or more alloying elements selected from the group consisting of gadolinium (Gd), neodymium (Nd), scandium (Sc) and dysprosium (Dy).

Beim Walzen handelt es sich um ein Massivumformverfahren, bei dem ein Werkstoff zwischen zwei Walzen bei erhöhter Temperatur oder bei Raumtemperatur verformt wird. Dabei wird die Form des Werkstoffs derart verändert, dass er an Dicke abnimmt und in der Länge gezogen wird. Dieser Prozess ist mehrstufig und wird von Zwischenglühungen begleitet, um die Temperatur des Werkstücks nicht zu stark absinken zu lassen. Im Fall von Magnesium ist eine Blechherstellung in optimaler Form derzeit lediglich bei erhöhter Temperatur möglich. Während der Umformung in der Walze finden mikrostrukturelle Vorgänge statt; das Material rekristallisiert. Bei der Rekristallisation wird das Gefüge des Materials verändert, in der Regel neu ausgebildet. Je nach Ausprägung der Rekristallisationsmechanismen entstehen neue Blechgefüge, die durch die sogenannte Blechtextur charakterisiert werden. Im Fall der vorliegenden Erfindung werden homogene und feinkörnige Gefüge mit einer schwach ausgeprägten Textur erzielt. Diese Kombination ermöglicht einerseits gute mechanische Eigenschaften und andererseits eine verbesserte Duktilität.Rolling is a massive forming process in which a material is deformed between two rolls at elevated temperature or at room temperature. The shape of the material is changed so that it decreases in thickness and is pulled in length. This process is multi-level and accompanied by intermediate anneals to prevent the temperature of the workpiece from dropping too much. In the case of magnesium, sheet metal production in optimal form is currently possible only at elevated temperature. During forming in the roll, microstructural processes take place; the material recrystallizes. During recrystallization, the structure of the material is changed, usually re-formed. Depending on the characteristics of the recrystallization mechanisms, new sheet metal structures are created, which are characterized by the so-called sheet metal texture. In the case of the present invention, homogeneous and fine-grained microstructures having a weak texture are obtained. On the one hand, this combination enables good mechanical properties and, on the other hand, improved ductility.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen eignen sich zur Herstellung von Bauteilen durch Blechumformung. Vorzugsweise sind die Blechumformungsverfahren Kaltumformungsverfahren.The alloys according to the invention are suitable for the production of components by sheet metal forming. Preferably, the sheet metal forming processes are cold forming processes.

Die durch Blechumformung hergestellten Bauteile können vorzugsweise bei der zur Herstellung von Automobilen, Schiffen und/oder Flugzeugen verwendet werden.The components produced by sheet metal forming may preferably be used in the manufacture of automobiles, ships and / or aircraft.

Beispiel:Example:

Es wurden zwei Magnesiumblechhalbzeuge aus erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen (ZW10 und ZWK100) hergestellt und deren mechanischen Eigenschaften mit denen zweier bekannter Legierungen (ZE10 und ZEK100) verglichen. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der verwendeten Legierungen sind in Tabelle 1 angegeben. Tabelle 1: Legierung Zn Ce Y Nd La Pr Zr Fe Ni Cu ZE10 1,35 0,21 <0,005 0,006 0,001 0,0002 0,00 0,0015 0,0003 0,005 ZEK100 1,0 0,35 - <0,005 0,14 0,004 0,3 0,005 0,001 0,007 ZW10 1,0 0,005 0,7 <0,006 <0,0013 <0,003 0,00 0,001 <0,0002 0,005 ZWK100 1,0 0,002 0,35 <0,006 0,0015 0,004 0,3 0,0045 <0,0002 0,005 Two magnesium sheet semi-finished products of alloys according to the invention (ZW10 and ZWK100) were produced and their mechanical properties were compared with those of two known alloys (ZE10 and ZEK100). The chemical composition of the alloys used are given in Table 1. Table 1: alloy Zn Ce Y Nd La pr Zr Fe Ni Cu ZE10 1.35 0.21 <0.005 0,006 0.001 0.0002 0.00 0.0015 0.0003 0.005 ZEK100 1.0 0.35 - <0.005 0.14 0,004 0.3 0.005 0.001 0,007 ZW10 1.0 0.005 0.7 <0.006 <0.0013 <0.003 0.00 0.001 <0.0002 0.005 ZWK100 1.0 0,002 0.35 <0.006 0.0015 0,004 0.3 0.0045 <0.0002 0.005

Die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen ZW10 und ZWK100 unterscheiden sich von den bekannten Legierungen ZE10 und ZWK100 dadurch, dass das Legierungselement Cer möglichst vollständig durch Yttrium ersetzt wird. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften aus Zugversuchen der jeweiligen aus den Legierungen hergestellten Halbzeuge sind in Tabelle 2 dargestellt. Die Eigenschaften sind als Funktion der untersuchten Orientierung in Walzrichtung (WR), 45°-Richtung zur Walzrichtung (45°) und Querrichtung gezeigt. Die Bleche wurden mit einem Umformgrad von 0,3 pro Walzschritt kontinuierlich bei gewalzt und zwischen zwei Walzschritten in einem Ofen auf 400°C erwärmt. Nach dem Walzen wurden die Bleche 30 Minuten auf 400°C erwärmt. Tabelle 2: Legierung Orientierung Rp02 [MPa] Rm [MPa] A [%] ZE10 WR 106 (1) 205 (3) 17,6 (0,3) 45° 75 (1) 188 (2) 14,5 (6,3) QR 69 (1) 151 (1) 6,6 (2,3) ZEK100 WR 149 (1) 229 (2) 24 (3) 45° 116 (1) 209 (2) 19,9 (3,2) QR 109 (3) 195 (5) 9,4 (2,1) ZW10 WR 122 (1) 214 (2) 27,9 (4,4) 45° 88 (1) 195 (2) 27,6 (1,8) QR 81 (3) 192 (5) 15,6 (4,2) ZWK100 WR 147 (2) 226 (2) 27,2 (4,6) 45° 112 (1) 203 (1) 28,0 (2, 1) QR 109 (2) 211 (7) 20,9 (2, 8) The alloys ZW10 and ZWK100 according to the invention differ from the known alloys ZE10 and ZWK100 in that the alloying element cerium is replaced as completely as possible by yttrium. The mechanical properties of tensile tests of the respective semi-finished products produced from the alloys are shown in Table 2. The properties are shown as a function of the examined orientation in the rolling direction (WR), 45 ° direction to the rolling direction (45 °) and transverse direction. The sheets were rolled continuously with a degree of deformation of 0.3 per rolling step and heated to 400 ° C between two rolling steps in an oven. After rolling, the sheets were heated at 400 ° C for 30 minutes. Table 2: alloy orientation R p02 [MPa] R m [MPa] A [%] ZE10 WR 106 (1) 205 (3) 17.6 (0.3) 45 ° 75 (1) 188 (2) 14.5 (6.3) QR 69 (1) 151 (1) 6,6 (2,3) ZEK100 WR 149 (1) 229 (2) 24 (3) 45 ° 116 (1) 209 (2) 19.9 (3.2) QR 109 (3) 195 (5) 9.4 (2,1) ZW10 WR 122 (1) 214 (2) 27.9 (4.4) 45 ° 88 (1) 195 (2) 27,6 (1,8) QR 81 (3) 192 (5) 15.6 (4.2) ZWK100 WR 147 (2) 226 (2) 27.2 (4.6) 45 ° 112 (1) 203 (1) 28.0 (2, 1) QR 109 (2) 211 (7) 20.9 (2, 8)

In allen Fällen sinken die Streckgrenze (Rp02) und die Festigkeit (Rm) von der Walzrichtung (WR) zur Querrichtung (QR). Die Bruchdehnung der erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen ist jedoch im Vergleich zu den bekannten Legierungen deutlich verbessert. Während die bekannten Legierungen einen deutlichen Abfall der Bruchdehnung von Walzrichtung zur Querrichtung zeigen, ist die Bruchdehnung der erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen überraschenderweise nahezu konstant.In all cases, the yield strength (R p02 ) and the strength (R m ) decrease from the rolling direction (WR) to the transverse direction (QR). However, the elongation at break of the alloys according to the invention is markedly improved in comparison with the known alloys. While the known alloys show a significant drop in the elongation at break from the rolling direction to the transverse direction, the elongation at break of the alloys according to the invention is surprisingly almost constant.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen weisen zudem eine vergleichsweise homogene und feinkörnige Gefügestruktur mit einer schwach ausgeprägten Textur auf und könne bei Raumtemperatur kaltverformt, z.B. bei Raumtemperatur gewalzt werden.In addition, the alloys according to the invention have a comparatively homogeneous and fine-grained microstructure with a weak texture and can be cold-worked at room temperature, e.g. rolled at room temperature.

Claims (8)

Magnesiumlegierung, die bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Legierung folgende Bestandteile enthält: 0,4 bis 1,5 Gew.% Zink, 0,2 bis 1,5 Gew.% Yttrium, 0 bis 0,8 Gew.% Zirkon und Magnesium als Rest, wobei die Legierung im Wesentlichen aluminiumfrei ist.Magnesium alloy containing, based on the total weight of the alloy, the following constituents: 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of zinc, 0.2 to 1.5% by weight of yttrium, 0 to 0.8 wt.% Zirconium and Magnesium as balance, the alloy being substantially free of aluminum. Magnesiumlegierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil an Zink 0,8 bis 1,2 Gew.% beträgt.Magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of zinc is 0.8 to 1.2 wt.%. Magnesiumlegierung nach einem der vorgehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil an Yttrium 0,2 bis 0,7 Gew.% beträgt.Magnesium alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of yttrium is 0.2 to 0.7% by weight. Magnesiumlegierung nach einem der vorgehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil an Zirkon 0 bis 0,5 Gew.% beträgt.Magnesium alloy according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of zirconium 0 to 0.5 wt.% Is. Verwendung einer Magnesiumlegierung gemäß einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 4 zur Herstellung von Magnesiumhalbzeugen in einem Massivumformungsverfahren.Use of a magnesium alloy according to one of the claims 1 to 4 for the production of magnesium semi-finished products in a massive forming process. Verwendung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Massivumformungsverfahren ein Walzverfahren ist.Use according to claim 5, characterized in that the massive forming process is a rolling process. Verwendung eines Magnesiumhalbzeugen, das aus einer Legierung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 hergestellt wurde zur Herstellung von Bauteilen in einem Kaltumforverfahren.Use of a magnesium semi-finished product produced from an alloy according to one of claims 1 to 4 for the production of components in a cold forging process. Verwendung eines gemäß Anspruch 7 hergestellten Bauteils bei der zur Herstellung von Automobilen, Schiffen und/oder Flugzeugen.Use of a component produced according to claim 7 in the manufacture of automobiles, ships and / or aircraft.
EP20100175241 2010-09-03 2010-09-03 Magnesium sheet semi-finished products with improved cold reforming characteristics Not-in-force EP2426228B1 (en)

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