EP2423584B1 - Générateur de vapeur pour la production de vapeur surchauffée dans une installation de combustion de déchets - Google Patents

Générateur de vapeur pour la production de vapeur surchauffée dans une installation de combustion de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2423584B1
EP2423584B1 EP09014197.9A EP09014197A EP2423584B1 EP 2423584 B1 EP2423584 B1 EP 2423584B1 EP 09014197 A EP09014197 A EP 09014197A EP 2423584 B1 EP2423584 B1 EP 2423584B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
draught
evaporator
steam
wall
drum section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09014197.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2423584A3 (fr
EP2423584A2 (fr
Inventor
Johannes GÜNTHER
Hansjörg Roll
Peter Knapp
Uwe Zickert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MVV Umwelt GmbH
Original Assignee
MVV Umwelt GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MVV Umwelt GmbH filed Critical MVV Umwelt GmbH
Publication of EP2423584A2 publication Critical patent/EP2423584A2/fr
Publication of EP2423584A3 publication Critical patent/EP2423584A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2423584B1 publication Critical patent/EP2423584B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G3/00—Steam superheaters characterised by constructional features; Details of component parts thereof
    • F22G3/008—Protection of superheater elements, e.g. cooling superheater tubes during starting-up periods, water tube screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/107—Protection of water tubes
    • F22B37/108—Protection of water tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/02—Steam superheating characterised by heating method with heat supply by hot flue gases from the furnace of the steam boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/06—Steam superheating characterised by heating method with heat supply predominantly by radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • F22G7/14—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition in water-tube boilers, e.g. between banks of water tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator for generating superheated steam in a waste incineration plant according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Waste incinerators are state of the art and are particularly prevalent in Western Europe. In most plants, the waste is burnt by means of grate firing. The energy released during combustion is usually used to generate high-pressure steam, which is used in a steam turbine to generate electricity. Furthermore, plants are known in which in addition to power generation, part of the energy is converted into process steam or district heating. However, the boundary conditions for such a type of heat utilization are possible only in a limited number of locations.
  • boilers are preferably used as steam generators, in which the flue gas produced by the combustion process flows through a second down-draft train into a third up-flow train and then into a horizontal bundle train after leaving the combustion chamber, the latter often also is called convection part.
  • the convection part comprises an evaporator, end superheater, superheater and a first economizer, which are housed in the convection part in the above order and are flowed through by the flue gas in order to extract thermal energy from the resulting convection.
  • This arrangement of the heating surfaces in the convection part, at which the thermal energy of the flue gas is transmitted primarily by convection, is preferably at a Pressure of the superheated steam of up to about 40 bar and a temperature thereof of up to about 400 ° C used, which represent the usual steam parameters today.
  • the efficiency of the plants is known to be greatly influenced by the temperature and the pressure of the live steam, with a high steam temperature leads to a high efficiency, which is in the existing systems in terms of the electrically generated energy in the range of about 25%.
  • plates or ramming masses with a high thermal conductivity are often applied to the walls of the combustion chamber, e.g. made of silicon carbide or ceramic. These plates are sometimes also placed at a certain distance from the tube wall, so that between the inside of the plates and the outside of the tube wall, a gap is formed, which is preferably applied to a non-corrosive gas atmosphere, e.g. with air.
  • a non-corrosive gas atmosphere e.g. with air.
  • a waste incinerator with a steam generator is known in which a wall superheater is used in the form of a final superheater, which is arranged together with the evaporator in the lower part of the combustion chamber of the boiler is, in which the heat transfer takes place primarily by the heat radiation generated during the combustion process.
  • the superheater tubes are covered towards the inside of the combustion chamber by plates of ceramic material which are spaced from the tubes. The space between the inside of the combustion chamber wall and the plates is thereby filled with a gas which has a slightly higher pressure than the pressure of the combustion gases in the combustion chamber in order to prevent the combustion gases from penetrating into the gap.
  • a steam generator for generating superheated steam in a waste incineration plant comprises a boiler containing a combustion chamber, the walls of which have an evaporator with water-flowing pipelines, which are exposed to thermal energy for the production of superheated steam the combustion chamber is generated.
  • the steam generator according to the invention further has a wall superheater, which is preferably designed as a final superheater, which comprises a plurality of housed in the wall of the boiler casing pipes, which are flowed through by the in the evaporator and preferably in the convection part arranged superheater superheated steam generated by the temperature of the superheated steam to more than 470 ° C, wherein the pressure is at least 60 bar.
  • a refractory lining in particular in the form of ventilated, plate-shaped elements made of a corrosion-resistant material, such as silicon carbide or other ceramic material, wherein the gap between Pipe wall and refractory lining is filled with a non-corrosive gas or is acted upon.
  • the steam generator according to the invention is characterized in that the boiler housing comprises an evaporator housing part containing the evaporator and a spatially separated, the wall superheater containing wall superheater housing part, wherein the wall superheater housing part is considered downstream of the evaporator housing part in the flow direction of the flue gas and the two housing parts are separated and designed to be movable relative to each other to allow a thermally induced different expansion of the materials.
  • the wall superheater housing part one or more further evaporator housing parts can be arranged to improve the overall efficiency of the system, which are flowed through by the flue gas.
  • the inventive design of the steam generator has the advantage that compared to conventional steam generators in waste incineration plants significantly higher superheater temperatures can be driven without it comes after a short time to a corrosion-related destruction of the pipes of the superheater.
  • the temperatures can be up to 550 ° C in the case of an embodiment of the wall superheater as a final superheater, which heated the hot steam for the last time before it is fed to a turbine waste incineration plant to drive an electric generator, wherein the vapor pressure can be up to 150 bar.
  • the boiler housing comprises a first vertical train containing the combustion chamber and a second train for the flue gas connected thereto, the flue gas flowing in the first train in the upward direction and in the second train in the downward direction.
  • the wall super heater housing part in this case has the shape of a hood closed to the outside or a cap which is placed on the first train and the second train and this gas-tight at the top, so that the emerging from the first train flue gas in the second train is diverted.
  • the radiation part of the boiler i. in particular, the combustion chamber wall can be designed in a cost effective manner as an evaporator wall, which consists of a plurality of juxtaposed, preferably in the vertical direction extending pipes.
  • These pipelines which carry the water supplied for generating the superheated steam, are preferably connected to one another via webs and form an outwardly closed circumferential wall which absorbs the thermal energy from the combustion chamber primarily via the resulting heat radiation.
  • the wall superheater housing part is supported in this embodiment of the invention preferably on the boiler frame and is connected by compensators smoke gas tight with the evaporator housing part, whereby a temperature-induced displacement of the wall superheater housing part relative to the evaporator housing part is made possible.
  • the boiler housing has a first, the combustion chamber-containing vertical train and at this fluidly adjacent further vertical train for the flue gas, the flue gas in the first train in the upward direction and in the further train, the following also is referred to as a second train, flows in the downward direction and is deflected in a known manner by a deflection from the first train in the second train.
  • the first train contains in this embodiment of the invention, only the evaporator housing part and the second train exclusively the wall superheater housing part, wherein the first train and the second train form independent units which are movable in the vertical direction relative to each other.
  • the outer walls of the housing parts are preferably arranged at a distance from each other.
  • the last-described embodiment has the advantage that the heat-transferring surface of the wall superheater housing part can be increased in total compared with the hood-type embodiment described first without increasing the overall height.
  • further vertical trains e.g. a third and a fourth train can be provided with the steam-carrying pipelines which are protected against corrosion by plates of ceramic material. At least a portion of the steam-carrying pipelines may in this case also be assigned to a superheater, which additionally overheats the steam generated in the evaporator before it is fed to the final heater, thereby further increasing the efficiency.
  • the water-carrying piping of the evaporator housing part are preferably connected to each other in this embodiment via webs and form a circumferential, outwardly closed pipe-web tube evaporator wall.
  • the superheater casing passages through which superheated steam flows are preferably received in a space formed between the inner wall of the corrosion-resistant material plates and the outer wall of the wall superheater case, which is charged with a gas such that an overpressure arises in the intermediate space, which prevents penetration of the flue gas into the intermediate space.
  • the gas is preferably air or recirculated clean gas, e.g. via a fan with an overpressure of e.g. 0.005 bar can be blown into the space between the outer wall of the wall superheater housing part and the plate-shaped elements.
  • a steam generator 1 comprises in a not completely shown illustrative reasons waste incineration plant, a boiler housing 2, in which a combustion chamber 4 is formed in the not shown in detail waste z. B. is burned on a grate 6 to produce a flame 8.
  • the resulting during the combustion process highly corrosive flue gas 13 flows along the arrows in a first train 10 in the upward direction, which is also referred to as a radiation part, since in this the released thermal energy is transmitted primarily by thermal radiation.
  • the flue gas 13 is deflected into a parallel to the first train 10 extending second train 12, in which the flue gas 13 flows in the downward direction, from where it flows thereafter via a subsequent third train 14 in turn in the upward direction and from there into a horizontally extending fourth train 16 enters, from where it is then passed to a cleaning device of the waste incineration plant not shown in detail.
  • the fourth train is also referred to below as the convection part.
  • the walls of the combustion chamber 4 are designed as an evaporator wall 18, which contains a plurality of mutually parallel, extending in the vertical direction pipes, which are interconnected by webs shown in dashed lines and form a circumferential closed gas-tight wall, in the water fed in the pipes to the Generation of steam is heated by the released during combustion heat radiation.
  • Fig. 1 Like the presentation of Fig. 1 can still be removed, made according to the pipe-web-tube principle evaporator wall 18 with the evaporator tubes 20 contained therein an independent evaporator housing part 24, the walls due to the guided through the pipes 20 during operation of the steam generator 1 depending on depending Steam pressure assume a temperature in the range of about 300 ° Celsius.
  • the evaporator housing part 24 is closed at the top by a wall super heater housing part 26 which contains a plurality of pipes 28, which are preferably also connected to one another via webs 30.
  • a wall super heater housing part 26 which contains a plurality of pipes 28, which are preferably also connected to one another via webs 30.
  • the hot steam generated in a pre-superheater 48 - which is preferably in the horizontally extending fourth train - initiated to further overheat this before the steam is fed to a turbine not shown in detail.
  • the wall superheater housing part 26 has the shape of a hood closed to the outside, which engages over the first train 10 and the second train 12 and which deflects the flue gas 13 after its exit from the first train 10 in the second train 12 ,
  • the inside of Wandüberhitzer- Housing part 26 provided with a fire-resistant lining, which preferably consists of plate-shaped elements 32, which are made of a highly corrosion-resistant material, such as silicon carbide or other ceramic.
  • a space 34 is provided between the pipes 28 and the inside of the plate-shaped members 32 for example, via a not-shown blower with a gas is applied to within the space 34th to produce a pressure which is, for example, 0.005 bar higher than the pressure of the combustion gases within the combustion chamber 4.
  • the gas is preferably air or other inert gas and may for example also be recirculated purified flue gas.
  • the wall superheater housing part 26 is gas-tightly connected to the evaporator housing part 24 via a Schiebeêt 38.
  • the sliding point 38 comprises, for example, a plurality of projections 40 fastened to the outside of the wall superheater housing part 26, which are each supported via a schematically illustrated support 41 on a projection 43 of a boiler framework 42 which is shown only in sections.
  • the projection 43 preferably also carries the evaporator housing part 24, which via corresponding, unspecified joints and e.g. rod-shaped connecting elements 45 is suspended on the underside of the respective projection 43.
  • these two housing parts are coupled to each other via known compensators 44 which allow relative movement of the two housing parts 24, 26 in the horizontal and also in the vertical direction ,
  • the evaporator housing part 24 with the water-carrying pipes 20 containing evaporator wall 18 and the wall superheater housing part 26 with the superheated steam pipes 28 are juxtaposed, the evaporator housing part 24, the first train 10 and the Wandüberhitzer- Housing part 26 form the second train 12 of the boiler housing 2.
  • the evaporator housing part 24 are configured with the peripheral outwardly closed evaporator wall 18 and the wall superheater housing part 26 as self-contained units, as shown in FIG Fig. 2 at a distance of z. B.
  • the self-contained units are in this case in the upper region above the first train 10 via compensators 44 connected to the evaporator housing part 24 and in this embodiment preferably used horizontally extending portion 47 of the wall superheater housing part 26.
  • the two Housing parts 24, 26 are in the same or similar manner as in the embodiment of Fig. 1 via sliding points on an in Fig. 2 Not shown boiler frame added, the components are sealed at the respective joints over compensators 44 against leakage of flue gas 13.
  • the wall superheater housing part 26 is preferably connected as a final superheater, which in the same manner as in the embodiment of Fig. 1 completely lined with ventilated plate-shaped elements 32 made of corrosion-resistant material, such as silicon carbide, in order to prevent corrosion of the pipes 28.
  • further heat exchangers may further be arranged in the horizontally extending fourth train, for example, a superheater 48, which overheats the steam generated in the evaporator housing part 24 before being supplied to the wall superheater housing part 26, as well as a known from the prior art economizer 50 may be arranged to withdraw the flue gas 13 to increase the efficiency of further heat energy, which is transmitted in this part of the steam generator 1 primarily convective.
  • a superheater 48 which overheats the steam generated in the evaporator housing part 24 before being supplied to the wall superheater housing part 26, as well as a known from the prior art economizer 50 may be arranged to withdraw the flue gas 13 to increase the efficiency of further heat energy, which is transmitted in this part of the steam generator 1 primarily convective.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Générateur de vapeur (1) pour la production de vapeur surchauffée dans une installation d'incinération des déchets, avec un corps de chaudière (2) comportant une chambre de combustion (4) dont les parois (18) contiennent un évaporateur avec des conduites parcourues par l'eau (20). lesquelles sont alimentés en énergie calorifique libérée lors de l'incinération des déchets en vue de la production de vapeur surchauffée, ainsi qu'un surchauffeur de paroi servant à augmenter la température de la vapeur surchauffée, comprenant une pluralité de conduites parcourues par la vapeur surchauffée (28), lesquelles sont protégées contre les gaz de fumée (13) se formant lors du processus de combustion, par des éléments en forme de plaque (32) réalisés en un matériau résistant à la corrosion,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le corps de chaudière (2) comprend une partie de corps évaporateur (24) contenant les conduites parcourues par l'eau (20) et, physiquement séparée de celle-ci, une partie de corps surchauffeur de paroi (26) contenant les conduites parcourues par la vapeur surchauffée (28), la partie de corps surchauffeur de paroi (26) - vu dans le sens d'écoulement des gaz de fumées (10) - étant agencée en aval de la partie de corps évaporateur (24) et étant mobile par rapport à celle-ci.
  2. Générateur de vapeur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le corps de chaudière (2) comprend un premier carneau vertical contenant la chambre de combustion (4), suivi dans le sens d'écoulement d'un second carneau (12) pour les gaz de fumée (13), les gaz de fumée (13) circulant dans le premier carneau (10) vers le haut et dans le second carneau (12) vers le bas, et en ce que la partie de corps surchauffeur de paroi (26) possède la forme d'une coiffe fermée vers l'extérieur, qui ferme vers le haut, de façon étanche au gaz, le premier carneau (10) et le second carneau (12) et dévie les gaz de fumée (13) sortant du premier carneau vers le second carneau (12).
  3. Générateur de vapeur selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la partie de corps surchauffeur de paroi (26) est conçue sous forme de surchauffeur final, dans lequel la vapeur surchauffée est chauffée avant d'être amenée à une turbine.
  4. Générateur de vapeur selon la revendication 2 ou 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la partie de corps surchauffeur de paroi (26) prend appui sur une charpente de chaudière (42) au niveau de sa face inférieure, et en ce que la partie de corps évaporateur (24), au niveau de sa face supérieure, est suspendue à ladite charpente de chaudière (42).
  5. Générateur de vapeur selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le corps de chaudière comprend un premier carneau vertical (10) contenant la chambre de combustion (4), suivi dans le sens d'écoulement d'un autre carneau vertical (12) pour les gaz de fumée (13), et en ce que le premier carneau (10) contient exclusivement la partie de corps évaporateur (24) et l'autre carneau la partie de corps surchauffeur de paroi (26), ledit premier carneau et ledit autre carneau formant des unités mobiles l'une par rapport à l'autre dans les directions horizontale et verticale.
  6. Générateur de vapeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la partie de corps évaporateur (24) et la partie de corps surchauffeur de paroi (26) sont déplaçables l'une par rapport à l'autre par l'intermédiaire de compensateurs (44) et sont reliées entre elles de façon étanche au gaz.
  7. Générateur de vapeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    il contient un ou plusieurs autres parties de corps évaporateur (24) et une ou plusieurs autres parties de corps surchauffeur de paroi (26).
  8. Générateur de vapeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    lesdites conduites parcourus par l'eau de la partie de corps évaporateur (24) sont reliées entre elles par des entretoises (22) et forment une paroi d'évaporateur (18) périphérique, fermée vers l'extérieur.
  9. Générateur de vapeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    il est prévu, entre les conduites parcourues par la vapeur surchauffée (28) de la partie de corps surchauffeur de paroi (26) et la paroi intérieure des plaques (32) en matériau résistant à la corrosion, un espace intermédiaire (34) alimenté avec un gaz, de sorte qu'il se produit, dans ledit espace intermédiaire (34), une surpression qui empêche les gaz de fumée (13) d'y pénétrer.
EP09014197.9A 2008-12-06 2009-11-13 Générateur de vapeur pour la production de vapeur surchauffée dans une installation de combustion de déchets Not-in-force EP2423584B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008060918A DE102008060918A1 (de) 2008-12-06 2008-12-06 Dampferzeuger zur Erzeugung von überhitztem Dampf in einer Abfallverbrennungsanlage

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2423584A2 EP2423584A2 (fr) 2012-02-29
EP2423584A3 EP2423584A3 (fr) 2013-11-20
EP2423584B1 true EP2423584B1 (fr) 2015-02-18

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EP09014197.9A Not-in-force EP2423584B1 (fr) 2008-12-06 2009-11-13 Générateur de vapeur pour la production de vapeur surchauffée dans une installation de combustion de déchets

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US (2) US8863675B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2423584B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008060918A1 (fr)

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PL3193082T3 (pl) 2016-01-12 2019-02-28 Hitachi Zosen Inova Ag Sposób i urządzenie do wytwarzania pary przegrzanej za pomocą ciepła wytworzonego w kotle instalacji spalania
US10415819B2 (en) * 2016-04-05 2019-09-17 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with common steam cooled wall between furnace and convection pass
US10429062B2 (en) * 2016-04-05 2019-10-01 The Babcock & Wilcox Company High temperature sub-critical boiler with steam cooled upper furnace
US10253972B2 (en) * 2016-04-14 2019-04-09 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Transition casting for boiler with steam cooled upper furnace
EP3475380B1 (fr) * 2016-06-23 2022-12-14 Nanyang Technological University Installation de valorisation énergétique des déchets
CN110500575B (zh) * 2019-08-26 2021-07-06 鄂尔多斯市君正能源化工有限公司热电分公司 一种拉稀管护套
CN113819769A (zh) * 2021-09-28 2021-12-21 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 一种烟道及锅炉

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2423584A3 (fr) 2013-11-20
DE102008060918A1 (de) 2010-06-10
US20140261248A1 (en) 2014-09-18
EP2423584A2 (fr) 2012-02-29
US8863675B2 (en) 2014-10-21
US20100139535A1 (en) 2010-06-10

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