EP2421996A1 - Aa 6xxx aluminium alloy for precision turning - Google Patents

Aa 6xxx aluminium alloy for precision turning

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Publication number
EP2421996A1
EP2421996A1 EP10716375A EP10716375A EP2421996A1 EP 2421996 A1 EP2421996 A1 EP 2421996A1 EP 10716375 A EP10716375 A EP 10716375A EP 10716375 A EP10716375 A EP 10716375A EP 2421996 A1 EP2421996 A1 EP 2421996A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloys
content
alloy
aluminum
spun
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10716375A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2421996B1 (en
Inventor
Mary-Anne Kulas
Ivo Kolarik
Josef Kreuter
Annabelle Bigot
Guy-Michel Raynaud
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Constellium Extrusions Decin sro
Original Assignee
Alcan Decin Extrusions sro
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Application filed by Alcan Decin Extrusions sro filed Critical Alcan Decin Extrusions sro
Publication of EP2421996A1 publication Critical patent/EP2421996A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of low-cut parts obtained from single spun or extruded products, essentially of the bar or rod type, made of aluminum alloy of the AA ⁇ xxx series whose chemical composition is optimized according to the spinnability and free cutting and which is in particular devoid of low melting point elements such as in particular lead, bismuth, indium or tin.
  • Bar turning refers to a field of manufacture by machining, in large series, of parts generally of revolution (screw, bolt, shaft, etc.) by removal of material from bars or rods of metal. These, especially in the case of aluminum alloys, are generally obtained by spinning or extrusion from billets.
  • the parts are produced at high speeds on manual or digital cutting machines.
  • the productivity and the surface condition as well as the dimensional accuracy of the final part are the main objectives attached to this type of manufacturing.
  • the pieces thus produced find their application in various fields, from watchmaking to medical equipment, through the fields of transport (aeronautics, railway, automobile) and industrial (electrical, electronic, hydraulic ).
  • the positive result thus obtained lies in the fragmentation of chips of small sizes during said machining or machining operation.
  • This fragmentation allows a rapid evacuation of the material, thus a gain in productivity, but also an evacuation of the heat produced, thus avoiding a possible degradation of the final surface state of the part.
  • composition is based on the presence of substitution elements also low melting point such as tin, bismuth or indium.
  • patents EP 07937324 and EP 1214456 of "Reynolds Metal Company” claim respectively alloys families AA6xxx and AA2xxx with addition of tin and indium, and family AA6xxx with addition of only bismuth or bismuth and tin.
  • EP 761834 of "Kaiser Aluminum” relates to alloys of the AA6xxx series with addition of tin and bismuth
  • EP 0964070 and EP 0982410 of "Alusuisse” apply to alloys of the AA2xxx series with addition of tin or bismuth and tin, respectively.
  • alloys containing low-melting substitution elements such as tin, bismuth or indium, do not exhibit exactly the same performance in bar turning as alloys containing lead, while the total prohibition The latter could intervene in the relatively short term. Moreover, these alloys sometimes pose brittleness problems due to the total wetting of the grain boundaries during bar turning by the phases resulting from the low-melting substitution elements.
  • a solution to this problem is the use of an alloy whose aluminum-based matrix has harder particles, the origin of the creation and propagation of cracks during the bar turning operation, these cracks favoring chip fragmentation.
  • the silicon alloy thus formed comprises hard phases based on silicon, at the origin of the creation and propagation of the aforementioned cracks. Indeed, these phases prevent slippage of the grains during the deformation induced by the machining operation, or bar turning, which gives rise to cavities and cracks and thus promotes chip fragmentation.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a spun product, of the bar or rod or tube type, having a very good bar turning ability, without the addition of silicon at levels greater than or equal to 1.5%, of wrought aluminum alloy wrought of chemical composition, expressed in percentages by weight: 0.8 ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.5%, preferably: 1.0 ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.5% 1.0 ⁇ Fe ⁇ 1.8%, preferably: 1.0 ⁇ Fe ⁇ 1.5% Cu: ⁇ 0.1% Mn: ⁇ 1%, preferably ⁇ 0.6%
  • Mg 0.6 - 1.2%, preferably 0.6 - 0.9% Ni: ⁇ 3.0%, preferably 1.0 - 2.0% Cr: ⁇ 0.25% Ti: ⁇ 0.1% other elements ⁇ 0.05% each and 0.15% in total, remains aluminum.
  • the invention also relates to a turned part from the spun product as defined above.
  • FIG. 1 represents the spinning pressures, in MPa, obtained for the same length of billet according to the various alloys tested: 6xxx according to the invention, AA6262 and H Si by reference, including compositions in the chapter "Examples”.
  • FIG. 2 shows the axial cutting pressures, in MPa, during the drilling tests, as a function of the cutting speed in m / min, for a constant drilling advance of 0.15 mm / rev and according to the various alloys tested, such as above.
  • FIG. 3 represents the axial pressures in MPa as a function of the drilling advance in mm / rev, for a constant cutting speed of 55 m / min, according to these same alloys tested.
  • the invention is based on the finding by the applicant that it is possible to obtain a very good bar turning ability, without addition of silicon to levels greater than or equal to 1.5%, unlike the prior art, ensuring the presence in sufficient amounts of intermetallic iron phases dispersed homogeneously. This characteristic allows the chip fragmentation required for this purpose during the machining operation.
  • intermetallic phases are of the Al x Fe y (Mn 5 Ni) 2 S i v type , the presence of the Mn and Ni elements being optional because they provide a complement by creating particles that are also favorable to bar turning.
  • the single spun products that is to say of the type bars, rods or tubes, according to the invention, exhibit a behavior during bar turning similar to the products of the prior art made from AA6262 or AA2011 series alloys containing both lead and bismuth. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and anodizing ability of the products according to the invention are similar to those obtained from said alloys.
  • a minimum content of 0.8% is necessary to obtain sufficient structural hardening via the Mg 2 Si phase, taking into account the "trapping" of this element in the intermetallic phases of the AlFeSi type characteristic of the alloys according to the invention. Preferably, this minimum is increased to 1%.
  • the content is strictly less than 1.5% in order to limit the risk of burning by raising the temperature during the spinning operation, resulting in particular in surface defects of the extruded product.
  • Iron it is, with silicon, one of the major elements of the alloys according to the invention. Indeed, its concentration governs the amount of secondary phases mentioned above, especially at the base of the bar turning behavior. For this purpose, a minimum content strictly greater than 1.0% is prescribed.
  • the upper limit of 1.8% avoids the precipitation of primary iron phases during casting of the billets, which reduces the spinnability.
  • a still more preferential maximum is 1.5%.
  • Manganese optional, it can participate in the formation of secondary phases favorable to bar turning behavior. Its content is limited to 1.0% because of its adverse effect on the spinning ability. An even more preferable maximum is 0.6%.
  • Magnesium with silicon, it participates in the structural hardening via the Mg 2 Si phase. For this purpose, a minimum of 0.6% is required.
  • Nickel just like manganese, it can participate in the formation of secondary phases favorable to bar turning behavior. Its content is limited to 3.0% to prevent the formation of primary phases with the weakening effect. A preferred range is 1.0 to 2.0%.
  • Copper Its content must be less than 0.1% because of its strong curing effect which is unfavorable with regard to the spinnability.
  • Chromium This is an anti-recrystallizing element which, just like manganese can form secondary phases influencing the granular structure of the alloy. Its content is kept below 0.25% because of its unfavorable impact on the spinning ability.
  • Titanium acts in two joint modes: on the one hand, it promotes the refining of the primary aluminum grain, on the other hand, it influences the distribution of the aforementioned secondary phases.
  • the alloy 6xxx is according to the invention while the alloys AA6262 and H Si are alloys of the prior art, the former containing lead and bismuth, the second, devoid of these elements, coupling a high silicon content to the presence of manganese and magnesium.
  • the pions were then homogenized at a temperature of 545 ° C. for 5 h 30 min.
  • Billet diameters of 29.6 mm and length 38 mm were machined and spun into bars of 6.7 mm diameter.
  • the spinning was carried out under the same conditions of billet temperature of 480 ° C and speed of 0.6 m / min. This relatively low speed results from a similarity operation because of the size of the test samples compared with industrial conditions.
  • Figure 1 shows the spinning pressures of each variant for the same length of billet.
  • the variant according to the invention has a better spinnability resulting in a lower pressure of about 20% relative to the reference AA6262 and about 10% relative to the reference H Si.
  • the spun bars were heat-treated, type T6, dissolved at a temperature of 56 ° C. for 15 minutes, quenched with water and tempered. to obtain the maximum mechanical strength, also known to those skilled in the art under the name of "peak income", ie 10 h at 175 ° C for the alloys 6xxx according to the invention and H Si and 10 h to 160 0 C for alloy AA6262.
  • the mechanical resistance characteristics Rpo, 2 and Rm of the alloy according to the invention are very close to those of alloy AA6262 and slightly inferior to those of alloy H Si, with elongations at break of the same order.
  • microstructure of the variant according to the invention was studied by scanning electron microscopy in order to determine the nature, the dispersion and the size of the intermetallic phases at the micrometric scale.
  • the three variants have a stable operating range throughout the relatively large range of cutting speeds (from 10 to 140 m / min).
  • the AA6262 variant of the prior art requires a force of about 20% lower than the alloy according to the invention as well as with respect to the alloy H Si of the prior art also, this for a drilling advance constant of 0.15 mm / rev (figure
  • Chip fragmentation was scored according to the same European standard NFE66-520-8, from A.l, the most favorable case, to D.6, the most unfavorable case.

Abstract

The subject of the invention is an extruded product, of the bar or rod or tube type, with very good precision-turning properties, made of a wrought precision-turning aluminium alloy of the following composition: 0.8 < Si < 1.5%, preferably 1.0 ≤ Si < 1.5%; 1.0 < Fe < 1.8%, preferably 1.0 < Fe ≤ 1.5%; Cu: < 0.1%; Mn: < 1%, preferably < 0.6%; Mg: 0.6 - 1.2%, preferably 0.6 - 0.9%; Ni: < 3.0%, preferably 1.0 - 2.0%; Cr: < 0.25%; Ti: < 0.1%; other elements < 0.05% each and 0.15% in total; and the balance aluminium. The subject of the invention is also a precision-turned part obtained from the extruded product as defined above.

Description

Alliage d'aluminium de décolletage de la série AA 6xxx AA Series 6xxx Free-cutting Aluminum Alloy
Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des pièces décolletées obtenues à partir de produits filés ou extrudés simples, essentiellement du type barre ou tige, en alliage d'aluminium de la série AAόxxx dont la composition chimique est optimisée en fonction de l'aptitude au filage et au décolletage et qui est en particulier dépourvu d'éléments à bas point de fusion tels que notamment le plomb, le bismuth, l'indium ou l'étain.The invention relates to the field of low-cut parts obtained from single spun or extruded products, essentially of the bar or rod type, made of aluminum alloy of the AAόxxx series whose chemical composition is optimized according to the spinnability and free cutting and which is in particular devoid of low melting point elements such as in particular lead, bismuth, indium or tin.
Par ailleurs, les caractéristiques mécaniques, de résistance à la corrosion et d'aptitude à l'anodisation de telles pièces sont similaires à celles obtenues à partir d'alliages dits de décolletage contenant du plomb, du type AA6262 ou AA2011.Furthermore, the mechanical characteristics, corrosion resistance and anodizing ability of such parts are similar to those obtained from so-called free-cutting alloys containing lead type AA6262 or AA2011.
Etat de la techniqueState of the art
Sauf mention contraire, toutes les valeurs relatives à la composition chimique des alliages sont exprimées en pourcentages pondéraux.Unless stated otherwise, all the values relating to the chemical composition of the alloys are expressed in percentages by weight.
Par ailleurs, tous les alliages d'aluminium dont il est question sont désignés, sauf mention contraire, selon les désignations définies par l' « Aluminum Association » dans les « Registration Record Séries » qu'elle publie régulièrement.In addition, all the aluminum alloys in question are designated, unless otherwise indicated, in accordance with the designations defined by the "Aluminum Association" in the "Registration Record Series", which it publishes regularly.
Le décolletage désigne un domaine de fabrication par usinage, en grandes séries, de pièces généralement de révolution (vis, boulon, axe, etc.) par enlèvement de matière à partir de barres ou tiges de métal. Celles-ci, notamment dans le cas des alliages d'aluminium, sont généralement obtenues par filage ou extrusion à partir de billettes.Bar turning refers to a field of manufacture by machining, in large series, of parts generally of revolution (screw, bolt, shaft, etc.) by removal of material from bars or rods of metal. These, especially in the case of aluminum alloys, are generally obtained by spinning or extrusion from billets.
Les pièces sont ainsi produites à des cadences élevées sur des machines de coupe à commande manuelle ou numérique. La productivité et l'état de surface ainsi que la précision dimensionnelle de la pièce finale sont les objectifs principaux attachés à ce type de fabrication. Les pièces ainsi produites trouvent leur application dans des domaines variés, de l'horlogerie au matériel médical, en passant par les domaines du transport (aéronautique, ferroviaire, automobile) et industriel (électrique, électronique, hydraulique...).The parts are produced at high speeds on manual or digital cutting machines. The productivity and the surface condition as well as the dimensional accuracy of the final part are the main objectives attached to this type of manufacturing. The pieces thus produced find their application in various fields, from watchmaking to medical equipment, through the fields of transport (aeronautics, railway, automobile) and industrial (electrical, electronic, hydraulic ...).
De nombreux facteurs influent sur l'aptitude au décolletage :Many factors affect the bar turning ability:
En premier lieu, la nature même du matériau, bien sûr, sa composition chimique et son état métallurgique, mais également la nature de l'outil de coupe et les paramètres associés au procédé.First, the nature of the material, of course, its chemical composition and metallurgical state, but also the nature of the cutting tool and the parameters associated with the process.
Ces facteurs sont très interdépendants et il est donc impératif d'associer à tout alliage une gamme d'usinage appropriée.These factors are very interdependent and it is therefore imperative to associate with any alloy a range of appropriate machining.
Les premiers alliages d'aluminium utilisés pour le décolletage dans les années 1930 àThe first aluminum alloys used for turning in the 1930s to
1960 étaient des alliages des séries AAβxxx et AA2xxx contenant outre les éléments de composition habituels pour ces séries, du plomb et du bismuth.1960 were AAβxxx and AA2xxx series alloys containing, in addition to the usual compositional elements for these series, lead and bismuth.
Ces éléments, du fait de leur faible solubilité dans l'aluminium et de leur bas point de fusion, fondent sous l'effet de réchauffement provoqué par l'opération d'usinage et constituent de ce fait des points mous dans une matrice plus dure en aluminium.These elements, due to their low solubility in aluminum and their low melting point, melt under the effect of warming caused by the machining operation and thus constitute soft spots in a harder matrix. aluminum.
Le résultat positif ainsi obtenu réside dans la fragmentation de copeaux de petites tailles lors de ladite opération d'usinage ou décolletage.The positive result thus obtained lies in the fragmentation of chips of small sizes during said machining or machining operation.
Cette fragmentation permet une évacuation rapide de la matière, donc un gain en productivité, mais aussi une évacuation de la chaleur produite, évitant ainsi une dégradation possible de l'état de surface final de la pièce.This fragmentation allows a rapid evacuation of the material, thus a gain in productivity, but also an evacuation of the heat produced, thus avoiding a possible degradation of the final surface state of the part.
Toutefois, du fait de problèmes de toxicité liés à la présence de plomb, la législation européenne limite plus en plus la teneur admissible dans les alliages notamment d'aluminium et en particulier destinés au décolletage. La dernière législation date de Juillet 2008 et limite à 0.4 % la concentration en plomb des alliages d'aluminium dans les domaines de l'automobile et des équipements électriques et électroniques. Depuis quelques années, les industriels se sont préparés à cette évolution et ont déjà développé des nuances d'alliages de décolletage à basse teneur en plomb, voire même sans plomb.However, because of toxicity problems related to the presence of lead, European legislation increasingly limits the permissible content in alloys, especially aluminum and in particular for bar turning. The latest legislation dates from July 2008 and limits to 0.4% the lead concentration of aluminum alloys in the fields of automotive and electrical and electronic equipment. In recent years, manufacturers have been preparing for this development and have already developed grades of low-lead free-cutting alloys, or even lead-free.
Leur composition repose sur la présence d'éléments de substitution également à bas point de fusion tels que l'étain, le bismuth ou l'indium.Their composition is based on the presence of substitution elements also low melting point such as tin, bismuth or indium.
Ces évolutions sont notamment décrites dans l'article de S. Sircar « X6030, a new lead free machining alloy » paru en 1996 dans la revue « Materials Science Forum » volumes 217-222, pages 1795-1800.These developments are notably described in the article by S. Sircar "X6030, a new lead free machining alloy" published in 1996 in the journal "Materials Science Forum" volumes 217-222, pages 1795-1800.
De même, les brevets EP 07937324 et EP 1214456 de « Reynolds Métal Company » revendiquent respectivement des alliages des familles AA6xxx et AA2xxx avec addition d'étain et indium, et de la famille AA6xxx avec addition de bismuth seulement ou bismuth et étain.Similarly, patents EP 07937324 and EP 1214456 of "Reynolds Metal Company" claim respectively alloys families AA6xxx and AA2xxx with addition of tin and indium, and family AA6xxx with addition of only bismuth or bismuth and tin.
De la même façon, la demande EP 761834 de « Kaiser Aluminium » porte sur des alliages de la série AA6xxx avec addition d'étain et de bismuth, alors que les demandes EP 0964070 et EP 0982410 d' « Alusuisse » portent sur des alliages de la série AA2xxx avec addition respectivement d'étain ou de bismuth et d'étain.In the same way, the application EP 761834 of "Kaiser Aluminum" relates to alloys of the AA6xxx series with addition of tin and bismuth, while EP 0964070 and EP 0982410 of "Alusuisse" apply to alloys of the AA2xxx series with addition of tin or bismuth and tin, respectively.
Problème poséProblem
Les alliages précités, contenant des éléments de substitution à bas point de fusion tels que l'étain, le bismuth ou l'indium, ne présentent pas exactement les mêmes performances lors du décolletage que les alliages contenant du plomb, alors que l'interdiction totale de ce dernier pourrait intervenir à relativement court terme. Par ailleurs, ces alliages posent parfois des problèmes de fragilité due au mouillage total des joints de grains lors du décolletage par les phases issues des éléments de substitution à bas point de fusion .The aforementioned alloys, containing low-melting substitution elements such as tin, bismuth or indium, do not exhibit exactly the same performance in bar turning as alloys containing lead, while the total prohibition The latter could intervene in the relatively short term. Moreover, these alloys sometimes pose brittleness problems due to the total wetting of the grain boundaries during bar turning by the phases resulting from the low-melting substitution elements.
Une solution à ce problème consiste dans l'utilisation d'un alliage dont la matrice à base d'aluminium comporte des particules plus dures, à l'origine de la création et de la propagation de fissures lors de l'opération de décolletage, ces fissures favorisant la fragmentation des copeaux.A solution to this problem is the use of an alloy whose aluminum-based matrix has harder particles, the origin of the creation and propagation of cracks during the bar turning operation, these cracks favoring chip fragmentation.
Le type des particules et leur distribution ont évidemment une incidence particulièrement notable sur le comportement de l'alliage lors du décolletage mais aussi sur l'usure des outils de coupe utilisés pour cette opération. Les solutions de ce type connues de l'art antérieur reposent toutes sur l'addition de silicium à une teneur minimale de 1.5 % qui correspond à la limite de solubilité du silicium dans l'aluminium.The type of particles and their distribution obviously have a particularly significant impact on the behavior of the alloy during the bar turning but also on the wear of the cutting tools used for this operation. Solutions of this type known from the prior art are all based on the addition of silicon at a minimum content of 1.5% which corresponds to the limit of solubility of silicon in aluminum.
L'alliage de silicium ainsi constitué comporte des phases dures à base de silicium, à l'origine de la création et de la propagation des fissures précitées. En effet, ces phases empêchent le glissement des grains lors de la déformation induite par l'opération d'usinage, ou décolletage, ce qui donne naissance à des cavités puis des fissures et favorise donc la fragmentation des copeaux.The silicon alloy thus formed comprises hard phases based on silicon, at the origin of the creation and propagation of the aforementioned cracks. Indeed, these phases prevent slippage of the grains during the deformation induced by the machining operation, or bar turning, which gives rise to cavities and cracks and thus promotes chip fragmentation.
L'effet d'autres éléments, tels que notamment le fer, le manganèse et le nickel, séparément, a également fait l'objet d'investigations, mais il ne permet pas d'atteindre des performances comparables à celles des alliages contenant du plomb en quantité significative.The effect of other elements, such as in particular iron, manganese and nickel, separately, has also been investigated, but it does not achieve performance comparable to that of alloys containing lead. in significant amount.
Ceci est illustré notamment par l'article de S. Yoshihara et al. « The influence of additional éléments of aluminium alloy on machinability » paru en 1998 dans la revue « Aluminum Alloys » volume 3, pages 2029-2034.This is illustrated in particular by the article by S. Yoshihara et al. "The influence of additional elements of aluminum alloy on machinability" published in 1998 in the journal "Aluminum Alloys" volume 3, pages 2029-2034.
Par contre, le couplage du silicium à une forte teneur (Si > 1.5 %) et d'un autre élément, comme le fer ou le cuivre par exemple, à une teneur significative, a été reporté comme tout à fait bénéfique sur le comportement lors du décolletage,On the other hand, the coupling of silicon with a high content (Si> 1.5%) and another element, such as iron or copper for example, at a significant content, has been reported as quite beneficial on the behavior during bar turning,
Ainsi, les demandes JP 9249931, US 6059902 et JP2002206132 de « Kobe Steel » portent sur des alliages à très bonne usinabilité se fondant sur une teneur en silicium supérieure à 1.5 % associée à la présence de manganèse ou cuivre ou encore fer et chrome.Thus, the "Kobe Steel" claims JP 9249931, US 6059902 and JP2002206132 relate to alloys with very good machinability based on a silicon content greater than 1.5% associated with the presence of manganese or copper or even iron and chromium.
Ces diverses solutions présentent toutefois l'inconvénient lié à la présence du silicium à une teneur relativement élevée, à savoir une aptitude au filage non optimisée, avec notamment un risque de brûlure lors de cette opération, se traduisant par des défauts de surface sur le produit final.These various solutions, however, have the drawback related to the presence of silicon at a relatively high content, namely a non-optimized spinnability, including a risk of burning during this operation, resulting in surface defects on the product. final.
Objet de l'inventionObject of the invention
L'invention a donc pour objet un produit filé, du type barre ou tige ou encore tube, présentant une très bonne aptitude au décolletage, sans addition de silicium à des teneurs supérieures ou égales à 1.5 %, en alliage d'aluminium corroyé de décolletage de composition chimique, exprimée en pourcentages pondéraux : 0.8 < Si <1.5 %, de préférence : 1.0 < Si < 1.5 % 1.0 < Fe < 1.8 %, de préférence : 1.0 < Fe < 1.5 % Cu : < 0.1 % Mn : < 1 %, de préférence < 0.6 %The subject of the invention is therefore a spun product, of the bar or rod or tube type, having a very good bar turning ability, without the addition of silicon at levels greater than or equal to 1.5%, of wrought aluminum alloy wrought of chemical composition, expressed in percentages by weight: 0.8 <Si <1.5%, preferably: 1.0 <Si <1.5% 1.0 <Fe <1.8%, preferably: 1.0 <Fe <1.5% Cu: <0.1% Mn: <1%, preferably <0.6%
Mg : 0.6 - 1.2 %, de préférence 0.6 - 0.9 % Ni : < 3.0 %, de préférence 1.0 - 2.0 % Cr : < 0.25 % Ti : < 0.1 % autres éléments < 0.05 % chacun et 0.15 % au total, reste aluminium.Mg: 0.6 - 1.2%, preferably 0.6 - 0.9% Ni: <3.0%, preferably 1.0 - 2.0% Cr: <0.25% Ti: <0.1% other elements <0.05% each and 0.15% in total, remains aluminum.
Enfin l'invention a également pour objet une pièce décolletée à partir du produit filé tel que défini ci-dessus.Finally, the invention also relates to a turned part from the spun product as defined above.
Description des figuresDescription of figures
La figure 1 représente les pressions de filage, en MPa, obtenues pour une même longueur de billette selon les divers alliages testés : 6xxx selon l'invention, AA6262 et H Si en référence, dont compositions au chapitre « Exemples ». La figure 2 représente les pressions axiales de coupe, en MPa, lors des tests de perçage, en fonction de la vitesse de coupe en m/min, pour une avance de perçage constante de 0.15 mm/tr et selon les divers alliages testés tels que ci-dessus.FIG. 1 represents the spinning pressures, in MPa, obtained for the same length of billet according to the various alloys tested: 6xxx according to the invention, AA6262 and H Si by reference, including compositions in the chapter "Examples". FIG. 2 shows the axial cutting pressures, in MPa, during the drilling tests, as a function of the cutting speed in m / min, for a constant drilling advance of 0.15 mm / rev and according to the various alloys tested, such as above.
La figure 3 représente les pressions axiales en MPa en fonction de l'avance de perçage en mm/tr, pour une vitesse de coupe constante de 55 m/min, selon ces mêmes alliages testés.FIG. 3 represents the axial pressures in MPa as a function of the drilling advance in mm / rev, for a constant cutting speed of 55 m / min, according to these same alloys tested.
Description de l'inventionDescription of the invention
L'invention repose sur la constatation par la demanderesse qu'il est possible d'obtenir une très bonne aptitude au décolletage, sans addition de silicium à des teneurs supérieures ou égales à 1.5 %, contrairement à l'art antérieur, en assurant la présence en quantité suffisante de phases intermétalliques au fer dispersées de façon homogène. Cette caractéristique permet en effet la fragmentation des copeaux requise à cette fin lors de l'opération de décolletage.The invention is based on the finding by the applicant that it is possible to obtain a very good bar turning ability, without addition of silicon to levels greater than or equal to 1.5%, unlike the prior art, ensuring the presence in sufficient amounts of intermetallic iron phases dispersed homogeneously. This characteristic allows the chip fragmentation required for this purpose during the machining operation.
Ces phases intermétalliques sont du type AlxFey (Mn5Ni)2S iv, la présence des éléments Mn et Ni étant optionnelle du fait qu'ils apportent un complément par création de particules également favorables au décolletage.These intermetallic phases are of the Al x Fe y (Mn 5 Ni) 2 S i v type , the presence of the Mn and Ni elements being optional because they provide a complement by creating particles that are also favorable to bar turning.
Les produits filés simples, c'est-à-dire du type barres, tiges ou tubes, selon l'invention, présentent un comportement lors du décolletage analogue aux produits de l'art antérieur réalisés à partir des alliages des séries AA6262 ou AA2011 contenant tous deux du plomb et du bismuth. Par ailleurs, les caractéristiques mécaniques, de résistance à la corrosion et d'aptitude à l'anodisation des produits selon l'invention sont similaires à celles obtenues à partir desdits alliages.The single spun products, that is to say of the type bars, rods or tubes, according to the invention, exhibit a behavior during bar turning similar to the products of the prior art made from AA6262 or AA2011 series alloys containing both lead and bismuth. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and anodizing ability of the products according to the invention are similar to those obtained from said alloys.
Pour ce qui concerne les éléments constitutifs du type d'alliage des produits selon l'invention, leurs teneurs sont justifiées par les considérations suivantes :With regard to the constituent elements of the alloy type of the products according to the invention, their contents are justified by the following considerations:
Silicium : une teneur minimum de 0.8 % est nécessaire pour obtenir un durcissement structural suffisant via la phase Mg2Si, en tenant compte du « piégeage » de cet élément dans les phases intermétalliques du type AlFeSi caractéristiques des alliages selon l'invention. De manière préférentielle, ce minimum est porté à 1 %. La teneur est strictement inférieure à 1.5 % afin de limiter les risques de brûlure par élévation de la température au cours de l'opération de filage, se traduisant notamment par des défauts de surface du produit extradé.Silicon: a minimum content of 0.8% is necessary to obtain sufficient structural hardening via the Mg 2 Si phase, taking into account the "trapping" of this element in the intermetallic phases of the AlFeSi type characteristic of the alloys according to the invention. Preferably, this minimum is increased to 1%. The content is strictly less than 1.5% in order to limit the risk of burning by raising the temperature during the spinning operation, resulting in particular in surface defects of the extruded product.
Fer : il est, avec le silicium, l'un des éléments majeurs des alliages selon l'invention. En effet, sa concentration régit la quantité de phases secondaires précitées, à la base tout particulièrement du comportement au décolletage. A cet effet, une teneur minimum strictement supérieure à 1.0 % est prescrite.Iron: it is, with silicon, one of the major elements of the alloys according to the invention. Indeed, its concentration governs the amount of secondary phases mentioned above, especially at the base of the bar turning behavior. For this purpose, a minimum content strictly greater than 1.0% is prescribed.
La limite supérieure de 1.8 % permet d'éviter la précipitation de phases au fer primaires lors de la coulée des billettes, ce qui en réduit l'aptitude au filage. Un maximum encore plus préférentiel est de 1.5 %.The upper limit of 1.8% avoids the precipitation of primary iron phases during casting of the billets, which reduces the spinnability. A still more preferential maximum is 1.5%.
Manganèse : optionnel, il peut participer à la formation de phases secondaires favorables au comportement au décolletage. Sa teneur est limitée à 1.0 % du fait de son effet défavorable sur l'aptitude au filage. Un maximum encore plus préférentiel est de 0.6 %.Manganese: optional, it can participate in the formation of secondary phases favorable to bar turning behavior. Its content is limited to 1.0% because of its adverse effect on the spinning ability. An even more preferable maximum is 0.6%.
Magnésium : avec le silicium, il participe au durcissement structural via la phase Mg2Si. A cette fin, un minimum de 0.6 % est requis.Magnesium: with silicon, it participates in the structural hardening via the Mg 2 Si phase. For this purpose, a minimum of 0.6% is required.
Sa teneur est limitée à 1.2 %, un durcissement trop prononcé ayant un effet défavorable sur l'aptitude au filage. Un maximum encore plus préférentiel est de 0.9Its content is limited to 1.2%, a hardening too pronounced having an adverse effect on the ability to spin. A still more preferential maximum is 0.9
%.%.
Nickel : tout comme le manganèse, il peut participer à la formation de phases secondaires favorables au comportement au décolletage. Sa teneur est limitée à 3.0 % pour éviter la formation de phases primaires à l'effet fragilisant. Une fourchette préférentielle est de 1.0 à 2.0 %.Nickel: just like manganese, it can participate in the formation of secondary phases favorable to bar turning behavior. Its content is limited to 3.0% to prevent the formation of primary phases with the weakening effect. A preferred range is 1.0 to 2.0%.
Cuivre : sa teneur doit être inférieure à 0.1 % du fait de son fort effet durcissant défavorable quant à l'aptitude au filage.Copper: Its content must be less than 0.1% because of its strong curing effect which is unfavorable with regard to the spinnability.
Chrome : il s'agit d'un élément anti-recristallisant qui, tout comme le manganèse peut former des phases secondaires influant sur la structure granulaire de l'alliage. Sa teneur est maintenue inférieure à 0.25 % du fait de son impact défavorable quant à l'aptitude au filage.Chromium: This is an anti-recrystallizing element which, just like manganese can form secondary phases influencing the granular structure of the alloy. Its content is kept below 0.25% because of its unfavorable impact on the spinning ability.
Titane : cet élément agit selon deux modes conjoints : d'une part, il favorise l'affinage du grain d'aluminium primaire, d'autre part, il influe sur la distribution des phases secondaires précitées.Titanium: this element acts in two joint modes: on the one hand, it promotes the refining of the primary aluminum grain, on the other hand, it influences the distribution of the aforementioned secondary phases.
Sa teneur est toutefois limitée à 0.1 % du fait de son impact défavorable quant à l'aptitude au filage.Its content is, however, limited to 0.1% because of its unfavorable impact on the spinning ability.
Dans ses détails, l'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide des exemples ci-après, qui n'ont toutefois pas de caractère limitatif.In its details, the invention will be better understood with the aid of the following examples, which are however not limiting in nature.
Exemples On a élaboré, dans un four électrique à creuset, sous forme de pions à géométrie conique, de hauteur 65 mm, grand diamètre 65 mm et petit diamètre 25 mm, et selon le protocole expérimental de coulée « TP- 1 » conforme à la procédure « Standard Test Procédure for Aluminum alloy Grain Refiners 1990 » de l' « Aluminum Association », trois séries d'alliages dont la composition figure au tableau 1 ci- dessous.Examples In the form of conical-geometry pions, 65 mm high, 65 mm wide and 25 mm small in diameter, were developed in an electric crucible furnace, and according to the experimental TP-1 casting protocol "Standard Test Procedure for Aluminum Alloy Grain Refiners 1990" of the "Aluminum Association", three sets of alloys, the composition of which is shown in Table 1 below.
L'alliage 6xxx est selon l'invention alors que les alliages AA6262 et H Si sont des alliages de l'art antérieur, le premier contenant du plomb et du bismuth, le second, dépourvu de ces éléments, couplant une forte teneur en silicium à la présence de manganèse et magnésium. Les pions ont ensuite été homogénéisés à une température de 545°C pendant 5 h 30 min.The alloy 6xxx is according to the invention while the alloys AA6262 and H Si are alloys of the prior art, the former containing lead and bismuth, the second, devoid of these elements, coupling a high silicon content to the presence of manganese and magnesium. The pions were then homogenized at a temperature of 545 ° C. for 5 h 30 min.
Des billettes de diamètre 29.6 mm et de longueur 38 mm ont été usinées puis filées en barres de diamètre 6.7 mm.Billet diameters of 29.6 mm and length 38 mm were machined and spun into bars of 6.7 mm diameter.
Le filage a été réalisé dans les mêmes conditions de température de billette de 480°C et de vitesse de 0.6 m/min. Cette vitesse relativement faible résulte d'une opération de similitude du fait de la taille des échantillons des essais par rapport à des conditions industrielles.The spinning was carried out under the same conditions of billet temperature of 480 ° C and speed of 0.6 m / min. This relatively low speed results from a similarity operation because of the size of the test samples compared with industrial conditions.
La figure 1 représente les pressions de filage de chaque variante pour une même longueur de billette. La variante selon l'invention présente une meilleure aptitude au filage se traduisant par une pression plus faible de 20 % environ par rapport à la référence AA6262 et d'environ 10 % par rapport à la référence H Si.Figure 1 shows the spinning pressures of each variant for the same length of billet. The variant according to the invention has a better spinnability resulting in a lower pressure of about 20% relative to the reference AA6262 and about 10% relative to the reference H Si.
Les barres filées ont subi un traitement thermique, du type T6, de mise en solution à une température de 56O0C pendant 15 min, une trempe à l'eau et un revenu permettant d'obtenir la résistance mécanique maximale, connu également de l'homme du métier sous le nom de « revenu au pic », soit 10 h à 175°C pour les alliages 6xxx selon l'invention et H Si et 10 h à 1600C pour l'alliage AA6262.The spun bars were heat-treated, type T6, dissolved at a temperature of 56 ° C. for 15 minutes, quenched with water and tempered. to obtain the maximum mechanical strength, also known to those skilled in the art under the name of "peak income", ie 10 h at 175 ° C for the alloys 6xxx according to the invention and H Si and 10 h to 160 0 C for alloy AA6262.
Les caractéristiques mécaniques des trois variantes ont été déterminées conformément à la norme EN10002-l.The mechanical characteristics of the three variants were determined in accordance with EN10002-1.
Elles sont récapitulées au tableau 2 ci-après, à savoir : limite conventionnelle d'élasticité Rpo,2 et charge de rupture Rm en MPa et allongement à la rupture A en %.They are summarized in Table 2 below, namely: conventional yield strength Rpo, 2 and breaking load Rm in MPa and elongation at break A in%.
Les valeurs minimales, selon la norme EN 755-2, de l'alliage 6262 y sont également indiquées sous la dénomination « Min. 6262 ».The minimum values according to EN 755-2 of alloy 6262 are also indicated under the name "Min. 6262 ".
Les caractéristiques mécaniques de résistance Rpo,2 et Rm de l'alliage selon l'invention sont très proches de celles de l'alliage AA6262 et peu inférieures à celles de l'alliage H Si, avec des allongements à rupture du même ordre.The mechanical resistance characteristics Rpo, 2 and Rm of the alloy according to the invention are very close to those of alloy AA6262 and slightly inferior to those of alloy H Si, with elongations at break of the same order.
Elles sont, quoiqu'il en soit, largement supérieures aux valeurs minimales typiques, avec un allongement du même ordre.In any case, they are much larger than the typical minimum values, with an extension of the same order.
La microstructure de la variante selon l'invention a été étudiée par microscopie électronique à balayage afin de déterminer la nature, la dispersion et la taille des phases intermétalliques à l'échelle micrométrique.The microstructure of the variant according to the invention was studied by scanning electron microscopy in order to determine the nature, the dispersion and the size of the intermetallic phases at the micrometric scale.
Elle a révélé la présence majoritaire d'une phase du type AlFeNiSi sous forme de particules d'une taille moyenne de 3 μm avec une fraction surfacique de 5 %.It revealed the majority presence of a phase of the AlFeNiSi type in the form of particles having an average size of 3 μm with a surface fraction of 5%.
La demanderesse attribue à la dispersion de cette phase de fraction surfacique relativement importante et sous forme de particules de taille relativement réduite le bon comportement au décolletage avec une fragmentation favorable des copeaux. L'usinabilité a été caractérisée au moyen du test de perçage conforme à la normeThe Applicant attributes to the dispersion of this relatively large surface fraction fraction phase and in the form of relatively small particles the good bar-turning behavior with favorable fragmentation of the chips. Machinability was characterized using the standard-compliant drill test
NFE66-520-8.NFE66-520-8.
Les valeurs des pressions de coupe pour différentes vitesses de coupe et d'avance résultantes sont rapportées en figures 2 et 3.The values of the cutting pressures for different resulting cutting and advancing speeds are reported in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Les trois variantes présentent une plage de fonctionnement stable tout au long de l'étendue relativement importante des vitesses de coupe (de 10 à 140 m/min).The three variants have a stable operating range throughout the relatively large range of cutting speeds (from 10 to 140 m / min).
La variante AA6262 de l'art antérieur requiert un effort inférieur d'environ 20 % par rapport à l'alliage selon l'invention tout comme par rapport à l'alliage H Si de l'art antérieur également, ceci pour une avance de perçage constante de 0.15 mm/tr (figureThe AA6262 variant of the prior art requires a force of about 20% lower than the alloy according to the invention as well as with respect to the alloy H Si of the prior art also, this for a drilling advance constant of 0.15 mm / rev (figure
2) et d'environ 10 % pour une vitesse de coupe constante de 55 m/min (figure 3).2) and about 10% for a constant cutting speed of 55 m / min (Figure 3).
Compte-tenu des niveaux d'erreur attachées aux mesures d'efforts, cette différence, bien que significative, demeure faible et les comportements des différentes variantes peuvent être considérés comme semblables.Given the error levels associated with effort measurements, this difference, while significant, remains low and the behaviors of the different variants can be considered similar.
La fragmentation des copeaux a été notée conformément à la même norme européenne NFE66-520-8, de A.l, cas le plus favorable, à D.6, cas le plus défavorable.Chip fragmentation was scored according to the same European standard NFE66-520-8, from A.l, the most favorable case, to D.6, the most unfavorable case.
Les notes attribuées dans le cas présent sont : A.l : « Elémentaire-Fragmenté en sifflet », B.6 : « Court-Hélicoïdal » et C.6 : « Mi-long- Hélicoïdal », selon ladite norme.The marks awarded in the present case are: A.l: "Elementary-Fragmented Whistle", B.6: "Short-Helical" and C.6: "Mid-Long-Helical", according to the said standard.
Ces notations ont été effectuées pour diverses vitesses d'avance de perçage de 0.05 àThese notations were made for various drilling feed rates from 0.05 to
0.3 mm/tr et pour la même vitesse de coupe de 55 m/min. Les résultats sont récapitulés au tableau 3 ci-dessous.0.3 mm / rev and for the same cutting speed of 55 m / min. The results are summarized in Table 3 below.
Ces résultats ne font apparaître que peu de différences, en termes de fragmentation des copeaux lors des tests de perçage, entre l'alliage selon l'invention et les alliages de l'art antérieur, qu'il s'agisse de l'alliage AA6262, contenant plomb et bismuth, ou de l'alliage H Si, à forte teneur en silicium. These results show little difference, in terms of chip fragmentation during drilling tests, between the alloy according to the invention and the alloys of the prior art, whether AA6262 alloy , containing lead and bismuth, or alloy H Si, high silicon content.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Produit filé en alliage d'aluminium corroyé de décolletage de composition chimique, exprimée en pourcentages pondéraux :1. Spun aluminum alloy product wrought from machining of chemical composition, expressed in percentages by weight:
0.8 < Si <1.5 %0.8 <If <1.5%
1.0 < Fe < 1.8 %1.0 <Fe <1.8%
Cu : < 0.1 %Cu: <0.1%
Mn : < 1 % Mg : 0.6 - 1.2 %Mn: <1% Mg: 0.6 - 1.2%
Ni : < 3.0 %Ni: <3.0%
Cr : < 0.25 %Cr: <0.25%
Ti : < 0.1 % autres éléments < 0.05 % chacun et 0.15 % au total, reste aluminium.Ti: <0.1% other elements <0.05% each and 0.15% in total, remains aluminum.
2. Produit filé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la teneur en silicium est supérieure ou égale à 1.0 %.2. Spun product according to claim 1 characterized in that the silicon content is greater than or equal to 1.0%.
3. Produit filé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que la teneur en fer est supérieure à 1.0 et jusqu'à 1.5 %.3. Spun product according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the iron content is greater than 1.0 and up to 1.5%.
4. Produit filé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que la teneur en manganèse est inférieure à 0.6 %.4. Spun product according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the manganese content is less than 0.6%.
5. Produit filé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que la teneur en magnésium est comprise entre 0.6 et 0.9 %.5. Spun product according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the magnesium content is between 0.6 and 0.9%.
6. Produit filé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que la teneur en nickel est comprise entre 1.0 et 2.0 %.6. Spun product according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the nickel content is between 1.0 and 2.0%.
7. Pièce décolletée à partir d'un produit filé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6. 7. Turned part from a spun product according to one of claims 1 to 6.
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