Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
  • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
  • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
  • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
  • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
  • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
  • H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
  • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
  • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of securing the operation of an electric battery, and a battery in which such a method can be implemented.
• An electric battery according to the invention is particularly intended for the traction of an electric or hybrid motor vehicle, that is to say comprising an electric motor driving the driving wheels combined with a heat engine driving these wheels. or possibly other driving wheels.
• the invention applies for a high degree of hybridization of the thermal vehicles which can go up to a complete electrification of the traction chain.
• the batteries are not only used to assist the vehicles in acceleration phases but also to ensure the movement of the vehicle autonomously over more or less important distances.
• the electric battery according to the invention can also find application in other technical fields, for example for the storage of electrical energy in other modes of transport, especially in aeronautics. Moreover, in stationary applications such as for wind turbines, the securing of a battery according to the invention can also be used advantageously.
• the generating elements conventionally comprise a tight, flexible or rigid envelope, in which is arranged a stack or a winding electroactive layers acting successively as cathodes and anodes, said layers being brought into contact via an electrolyte.
• electrochemical elements of Lithium - ion or Lithium - polymer type can be used to generate the required electrical energy.
• the generating elements may have malfunctions, for example induced by wear, malfunction or abuse, which pose a risk to the proper functioning of the battery, particularly with regard to the safety of use and / or to the expected electricity production.
• defective elements may undergo a succession of exothermic chemical reactions that may lead to a thermal runaway which, combined with a production of gas inside the sealed envelope, induces a divergent reaction process that runs the risk of explosion of the element.
• tri-layer separators have been developed. They are generally composed of layers of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) in a configuration of the PP / PE / PP type. These separators, located between the anode and the cathode elements, conduct the current through the ionic flow of the electrolyte contained in their pores. For temperatures close to 130 ° C., these porosities close rapidly and the impedance of the film increases abruptly, thus conferring on it an electrical insulation function. Moreover, the chemical processes appearing in the defective elements give place to productions of gas which, if they are not evacuated quickly, lead to accelerate the thermal phenomena, thus creating a risk of runaway of the reaction processes which can go up to the explosion.
• PP polypropylene
• PE polyethylene
• aeration devices are used to open the envelope of a defective element.
• the aeration devices can be made by local thinning of one of the walls of the battery element, by integrated peaks on plates coming through a diaphragm or by balls inserted in orifices.
• circuit cuts can be integrated in the elements, the opening of the circuit can be triggered when overpressure or overheating appear in the element.
• the securing devices according to the prior art have the disadvantage of being of the passive type, that is to say that they are triggered by an action induced by the phenomenon they aim to secure. Therefore, their release, although fast, is only realized when the phenomenon (temperature, pressure, voltage) is relatively high, which goes against the expected security.
• the battery systems according to the prior art incorporate other devices for their security, among which:
• the triggering of the associated safety devices can occur before the main contactor has had time to open.
• This configuration induces two risks: the first relates to an untimely stop of energy production, stopping the vehicle on the taxiway, which can be relatively dangerous. The second is to trigger a dreaded phenomenon of the thermal runaway type, explosion of the battery.
• the operating voltage of the system can reach several hundred volts (generally between 300 and 700V), and the use of the securing devices of the elements according to the prior art can then cause problems.
• Capacitor which can give rise to arcing when the main contactor remains closed. These electric arcs can initiate a highly exothermic or even explosive reaction on the active materials of the element.
• the battery may comprise a plurality of cells which are connected in series in the production circuit, each cell comprising at least two elements connected in parallel.
• the current flowing through the defective cell will preferentially pass through the healthy, less resistive elements, thus creating a risk of overheating, over-discharge or even inversion of an element.
• the invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art by proposing in particular a method of securing the operation of a battery which allows to limit as soon as possible and particularly reliably the risks associated with a defective element, and without inducing interruption of electricity production.
• the invention makes it possible to secure a traction battery of a damaged vehicle, in particular with regard to the risk of electrocution of the intervention personnel.
• the invention proposes a method for securing the operation of an electric battery comprising a plurality of electrical energy generating elements which are mounted in an electricity production circuit, said method providing for to monitor the appearance of a malfunction of each of said elements and, in the event of detection of the faulty operation of an element, to actuate a shunt of said defective element so that the electric current no longer passes through said defective element while now the closed production circuit.
• the invention proposes an electric battery comprising a plurality of electrical energy generating elements which are mounted in a power generation circuit, each element being conditioned in a sealed envelope which is provided with two terminals for connecting said element to the production circuit, each element being equipped with a selector movable between a connection position of the terminals of said element in the production circuit and a shunt position in which the electric current no longer passes through said element while maintaining the closed production circuit, said battery further comprising a device for monitoring the appearance of a malfunction of each elements and a device for actuating the displacement in the shunt position of a selector respectively in case of detection of the defective operation of the element which it equips.
• FIG. 1 illustrates the circuit for producing an electric battery according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 illustrates the circuit for producing an electric battery according to a second embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 illustrates the mounting of a cell in the production circuit of an electric battery according to a variant of the second embodiment of the invention
• Figures 4 illustrate a selector according to one embodiment of the invention, said selector being shown in shunt position respectively from above ( Figure 4a) and AA section ( Figure 4b).
• an electric battery comprising a plurality of elements E generators of electrical energy which are mounted in a circuit 1 for generating electricity.
• the electrochemistry of the elements E can be of lithium-ion or lithium-polymer type to generate the required electrical energy.
• Each element E is conditioned in a sealed envelope which is provided with two connection terminals, respectively an anode and a cathode, from said element to the production circuit 1.
• the layers can be packaged in a flexible envelope. Alternatively, they can be packaged in a rigid container.
• the elements ErE n are connected in series in the production circuit 1.
• the battery comprises a plurality of DrD n cells which are connected in series in the production circuit 1, each cell D comprising at least two elements E connected in parallel.
• each cell D 1 -D n comprises three elements E 1 , E 1 -, E 1 -E n , E n -, E n - in parallel and
• FIG. 3 represents a cell D 1 with two elements E 1 , Er mounted in parallel.
• Each element E is equipped with a selector S which is movable between a connection position B of the terminals of the element E to the production circuit 1 and a shunt position A in which the electric current no longer passes through said element while maintaining the production circuit 1 closed so that the other elements E connected to the production circuit 1 can continue to provide the required electricity.
• the security of the operation of the battery can be achieved by monitoring the occurrence of a malfunction of each of the elements E and, in the event of detection of the faulty operation of an element E, by actuating the shunt of said defective element so that the electric current no longer passes through said defective element while keeping the production circuit 1 closed.
• the battery comprises a device for monitoring the appearance of a malfunction of each of the elements E and a device for actuating the displacement in position A of shunt respectively a selector S in case of detection of the defective operation of the element E that it equips.
• the detection of a fault makes it possible to rapidly actuate the shunt of the defective element E, so as to electrically insulate said defective element from the production circuit 1.
• the defective element E is no longer electrically biased so in particular to avoid aggravation of the defect that may lead to a risky event relative to the operation of the battery. In particular, it avoids any thermal runaway within a defective E element.
• the electric production of the battery is not interrupted so in particular to meet the requirements for the time required for the driver to exit safely from the traffic space.
• the monitoring of the occurrence of a malfunction of an element E comprises the measurement of the electrical voltage across said element, said measurement being conventionally performed by the electronic system for monitoring the battery.
• the measurement of the voltage can be carried out at the terminals of said cells. Then, the measured voltage is compared with a threshold value, the faulty operation being detected when said measured voltage is lower than said threshold value.
• the threshold value may be between 0.2 and 2 V, for example of the order of 1 V.
• a terminal of the element E is connected to the production circuit 1 via a selector S.
• the production circuits 1 can integrate a contactor main C p which, after shunting a defective element E, can be actuated to open the production circuit 1, including timed so that the driver can exit safely from the circulation space.
• the elements E can also be equipped with separators, ventilators (English venting) and / or cut-off circuits, such as those known from the prior art, these devices being able, after shunting, to be activated without risk of dielectric breakdown since the element E is then electrically isolated.
• the security method can provide for the detection of a shock that can affect the battery.
• the shock detected may relate to an accident on said vehicle, in particular a crash that may affect the mechanical integrity of the battery.
• the shock can be detected by the system that is integrated into the vehicle to do this, in particular for triggering active safety devices such as airbags.
• the method provides for using this information that is available in the vehicle to, in the event of such a shock, activate the shunting of all the elements E of said battery, so as to eliminate any risk of electrocution of the batteries. personal backup by contact with the high voltage of the battery. Furthermore, it can be provided that the S selectors can be removed from the elements E in order to easily replace them after an accident in which said elements would not have been damaged.
• the production circuits 1 shown include a diagram of the occurrence of a fault on an element E in the form of a contactor C, but said circuits do not include such contactors, the position 1 corresponding to the absence of defect and the position 0 to the detection of a fault on the element E.
• the element Ei has a fault and the selector So is in position A shunt.
• a shunt loop 2 which equips each of the elements E, said loop being mounted on either side of the terminals of said element.
• the selector S in position B of connection connects the terminals of the element E to the production circuit 1 and, in the shunt position A, connects said loop to said circuit.
• the shunt loop 2 may comprise a resistor.
• a resistor in the case of a battery incorporating cells D (FIG. 2), such a resistance makes it possible to avoid the looping of the current in the elements E of the cell D comprising an element E shunted.
• the same effect can be obtained by providing that, in the event of faulty operation of an element E of a cell D, the shunting of all the elements E of said cell is actuated so as to avoid the risks over-discharge of the elements E or of inversion on one of the elements E of the cell D.
• the two elements E 1 , Er of a cell Di are equipped with a shunt branch 3 having two terminals, each selector S connecting to the production circuit 1 the terminals of an element E or one
• the two selectors Si, Sr are in the connection position (FIG. 3)
• the two elements E 1 , E r are connected in parallel and, as soon as a fault is detected, the corresponding S selector switches to shunt A position on a terminal of the branch 3, without risk of looping the current on the other element E.
• a selector S which is operable in displacement between the connection positions B and of shunt A is described below.
• the selector S can be screwed onto the connector of FIG. the element E so that a disassembly function can be integrated.
• the means for measuring the voltage across an element E can be integrated into a module comprising the selector S, said module being mounted removably on the connector of said element.
• the selector S shown comprises three members connected to the production circuit 1, two members 4, 5 being fixed and a member 6 being rotatable between two positions A, B of connection with respectively one of the fixed members 4, 5.
• the selector S comprises a fixed housing 7 which is connected to the 8 production circuit 1, the rotary member 6 being connected 9 in rotation to said housing.
• the fixed members 4, 5 are mounted in the housing 7 respectively being connected to a terminal of the element E and the loop 2 or branch 3 shunt.
• the displacement between the connection positions B and the shunt A can be carried out gradually so as to ensure a gradual decrease in the passage of the electric current in the defective element E.
• it avoids the formation of an electric arc when actuating the selector S.
• the members 4-6 have respective contact surfaces 4a-6a which are arranged so that the rotary member 6 ensures a gradual transition of the connection from a fixed member 4 to the other fixed member 5, in order to to obtain electrical continuity in said transition.
• the rotation of the member 6 is limited to 90 ° by a stop wall 10 and its contact surface 6a extends over a semicircle.
• the contact surface 4a, 5a of the fixed members 4, 5 extends over a quarter circle, said surfaces being positioned symmetrically at 180 ° to each other.
• the device may comprise means for applying a mechanical force of displacement of the selector S between its connection positions B and shunt A, so as to overcome the contact forces that are required for the connections.
• contacts between the members 4-6 can advantageously be made by tight fitting type “adjustment with clamping" (press-fit).
• the means may be chosen from pyrotechnic means, piezoelectric means, in particular a piezoelectric motor, mechanical means, in particular a prestressed spring and electromechanical means, in particular an electromagnet releasing a prestressed mechanical member.
• the housing 7 includes a compartment 11 delimited on either side by the wall 10 and by the rotary member 6, in which a pyrotechnic means 12 is disposed.
• the pyrotechnic means 12 comprises a charge and an igniter which is activated during the detection of a defect so, by generating gas in the compartment 11, to push the member 6 in rapid rotation between its two positrons A, B of connection.
• the time required between the detection of a fault, in particular by measuring the voltage of the elements E, and the shunting of an element E may be less than 1 second, for example of the order of a few tens or even hundreds of milliseconds.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=41077607

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (16)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 2009
  • 2009-04-02 FR FR0901621A patent/FR2944161A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-03-25 AU AU2010231330A patent/AU2010231330A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-03-25 KR KR1020117025076A patent/KR20110134919A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-03-25 CN CN2010800151444A patent/CN102379077A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-03-25 JP JP2012502727A patent/JP2012523211A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-03-25 EP EP10713492A patent/EP2415139A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-03-25 BR BRPI1014088A patent/BRPI1014088A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-03-25 WO PCT/FR2010/000257 patent/WO2010112694A2/fr active Application Filing
• 2011
  • 2011-09-23 US US13/242,030 patent/US20120070701A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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