EP2414134B1 - Device and method for water-jet cutting - Google Patents

Device and method for water-jet cutting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2414134B1
EP2414134B1 EP10714077.4A EP10714077A EP2414134B1 EP 2414134 B1 EP2414134 B1 EP 2414134B1 EP 10714077 A EP10714077 A EP 10714077A EP 2414134 B1 EP2414134 B1 EP 2414134B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting head
axis
workpiece
cutting
holder
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EP10714077.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2414134A2 (en
Inventor
Walter Maurer
Frank Pude
Torben Schwermann
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Bystronic Laser AG
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Bystronic Laser AG
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Publication of EP2414134A2 publication Critical patent/EP2414134A2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/02—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
    • B24C3/04—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other stationary

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for water jet cutting of a workpiece, the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, as well as to a method for water jet cutting a workpiece, the type mentioned in claim 12.
  • the water jet emerging from the cutting head is used, for example, to separate a material layer or a workpiece along a contour by moving the cutting head along this path at a specific feed rate.
  • the water jet hits the material or workpiece surface at high speed and penetrates it, resulting in a kerf in the workpiece.
  • the cut edges which limit the kerf, run parallel to each other only at a certain feed rate of the cutting head 10.
  • Fig. 9b schematically showing a part of a workpiece 31 in section and the course of the emerging from the cutting head 10 water jet 30b. If the feed rate is too low or too high, the cut edges are not parallel, but inclined to each other.
  • Fig. 9a shows the course of the water jet 30a at too low feed rate and Fig. 9c the course of the water jet 30c at too high feed rate.
  • the cut edges with respect to the perpendicular to the workpiece surface 31 c have an inclination ⁇ . This angle error is also called "taper".
  • an apparatus for water jet cutting a workpiece which comprises a cutting head and a holder, which is rotatable about an axis of rotation and on which the cutting head is held.
  • the cutting head has a focussing tube with a water jet outlet, the cutting head being aligned along a cutting head axis inclined at an angle with respect to the fulcrum.
  • a disadvantage of this and other known solutions is that upon rotation of the cutting head about the axis of rotation, so that, for example, running around a corner cutting in the workpiece is executed, the entry point of the water jet is moved to the workpiece surface. This shift must be compensated by a correction movement in the X, Y and / or Z direction. This requires an additional, separate control process with each change in the angular position of the cutting head.
  • a device for water jet cutting a workpiece with a cutting head, a holder which is rotatable about an axis of rotation and on which the cutting head is held.
  • the cutting head has a sierrohr with an outlet for a water jet.
  • the cutting head is aligned along a cutting head axis inclined at an angle with respect to the axis of rotation.
  • a measuring device is provided with a detecting means for detecting the distance between the cutting head and a workpiece surface of the workpiece.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for water jet cutting a workpiece, which or which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and thereby enables a more accurate cutting.
  • a device for water jet cutting comprises, for example, a cutting head and a measuring device with a scanner for detecting the distance between the cutting head and workpiece surface, wherein the measuring device comprises a drive by means of which the scanner is force-controlled against the workpiece surface can be pressed.
  • the drive is for example a linear motor with a linearly displaceable adjusting axis.
  • the scanner has z. B, an annular end on.
  • a displacement measuring system for detecting the position of the adjusting axis of the drive is provided.
  • a control provided by means of which the force is adjustable, with which the scanner can be pressed against the workpiece surface, wherein the control of the scanner is independent of the control of the cutting head.
  • the cutting device for water jet cutting comprises a cutting head 10 with a focusing tube 10b, which is fastened to a hub as a holder 11. This is provided with a hole in which the cutting head 10 is seated.
  • the focusing tube 10b has an outlet opening 10c, from which emerges the water jet 30 forming during operation.
  • the holder 11 of the cutting head 10 is rotatably mounted on a base plate as a carrier 12.
  • the bearings of the holder 11 are protected by means of seals against ingress of water, dust, etc.
  • the holder 11 has an eccentrically arranged opening 15, through which the outlet opening 10c facing away from the inlet end 10a of the cutting head 10 projects therethrough.
  • a drive 13 is mounted in the form of a rotary motor which is coupled via a toothed belt 14 to the rotatably mounted holder 11.
  • drive 13 is suitable e.g. a servomotor or a stepper motor.
  • the inlet-side end 10a of the cutting head 10 is connected to an angle 17, which is connected via a pipe 18 to a pivot joint 19, which is designed as a high-pressure rotary joint.
  • This is provided on the inlet side with a connecting pipe 20.
  • the connecting pipe 20 can be connected via further lines to a high pressure pump, not shown here.
  • the components 17-20 form a high-pressure line, which allows water to be supplied to the cutting head 10 with the necessary pressure. Typically, the pressure is 3000 bar or more.
  • the cutting device In order to be able to move the cutting device as a whole horizontally (ie in the X and Y direction) and vertically (ie in the Z direction), it is arranged on a carriage (for example on the carrier 12) which can be moved by means of a suitable means Sliding device is displaceable in space.
  • the cutting head 10 is provided with a nozzle for generating the water jet 30 and with a connecting piece for adding an abrasive material. Nozzle and connecting pieces are known type and in the Fig. 1 not apparent.
  • the cutting head 10 is arranged at a predetermined inclination angle ⁇ with respect to the rotation axis 24, about which the holder 11 is rotatable.
  • the cutting head axis 25 (direction in which the water jet 30 propagates) is thus arranged at an angle ⁇ inclined to the axis of rotation 24.
  • the cutting head 10 is held on the holder 11 so that the point of intersection 27 of the axis of rotation 24 and cutting head axis 25 spaced from the outlet opening 10c and located below it. This intersection 27 is also referred to as a focal point or tool center point.
  • the drive shaft 15 of the drive 13 is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 24.
  • the hinge 19 is arranged so that the rotatable part 19 a is rotatable about a rotation axis, which coincides with the rotation axis 24 of the holder 11.
  • the design of the angle piece 17 is chosen so that it allows a rotation of the holder 11 and the cutting head 10 about the axis of rotation 24 together with the pivot joint 19.
  • Fig. 2 are shown by dashed lines 26a, 26b, 26c, the inner channels through which the water is supplied from the connecting pipe 20 via the components 17-19 in the operation of the cutting head 10, where it finally emerges from the outlet opening 10c and strikes the workpiece 31.
  • This can for example be a sheet from which one or more parts are cut out.
  • the cutting device is controlled in space moves in order to be able to cut through the water jet 30, a material layer or a workpiece 31 along a contour can.
  • the drive 13 is driven so that the holder 11 is rotated together with the cutting head 10 with a certain angle of rotation ⁇ about the axis of rotation 24.
  • the components 17, 18 and 19a are also rotated about the axis of rotation 24.
  • the control of the cutting device is done for example by a CNC control.
  • angle error correction The angle of rotation ⁇ is chosen so that during cutting an undesired inclination of the cutting edge ("angle error” / "taper") is taken into account and this has the desired orientation (usually perpendicular to the workpiece surface 31 c).
  • angle error correction The compensation of this inclination is also referred to below as angle error correction.
  • the cutting head axis 25 is arranged parallel to the plane in which the cutting direction runs and which according to Fig. 2 corresponds to the XZ plane.
  • no angle error correction takes place.
  • the separating cut pierces, ie the water jet 30 is aligned to carry out the separating cut in the direction of the cutting direction.
  • the separating cut in a relation to the in Fig. 2 shown aligned to 180 degrees twisted alignment of the cutting head 10 are carried out slowly, that is, the water jet 30 is aligned to perform the cut against the direction of the cutting direction.
  • the value of the inclination angle ⁇ defines the maximum possible angular error correction and is determined according to the design of the cutting device. Typically, the angle of inclination ⁇ is less than 10 degrees and advantageously greater than 1 degree.
  • the intermediate joint 1 or Abrasiv Gustavsfitgelenk is located between the formed as a high pressure rotary joint pivot 19 and the elbow 17 and has an inlet 1 a, which is connected to a supply line 2 and which opens into a ring 3. This is held in a fixed position by being supported by means of a support 8 on a fixedly connected to the base plate 12 side plate 9.
  • the intermediate joint 1 is further provided with an outlet 1 b, which is connected via a connecting line 4 with the connecting piece 10 d of the cutting head 10.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 show the intermediate joint 1 in detail. As can be seen, it is traversed by the pipe 18, via which the water under high pressure from the rotary joint 19 to the elbow 17 can be conducted and which concentric to the axis of rotation 24 of the holder 11 extends (see. Fig. 2 ).
  • the intermediate joint 1 comprises a cover element 5, which is placed on a funnel element 6, so that therebetween a funnel-shaped
  • Gap 7 gives.
  • the two elements 5 and 6 are fixedly connected to tube 18, but freely rotatable relative to the ring 3.
  • the inlet 1 a is located on the stationary ring 3, while the outlet 1 b is fixed to the rotatable funnel element 6.
  • the parts 1 b, 5 and 6 can thus follow a rotation of the cutting head 10, while the inlet 1 a and the ring 3 remain stationary.
  • Abrasive material which flows in operation through the inlet 1a at the ring 3, is guided through the gap 7 between the cover element 5 and funnel element 6 and exits at the outlet 1 b again.
  • the supply line 2 for supplying the abrasive material can be decoupled from the rotational movement of the cutting head 10. This can thus be rotated by 360 degrees or more about the axis of rotation 24, without the supply line 2 wound up for the abrasive material. This ensures a smooth transport of the abrasive to the cutting head.
  • Fig. 8 schematically shows the separation of a material layer or a workpiece 31 by means of a water jet 30, wherein the cutting direction is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the axis of rotation 24 about which the cutting head 10 is rotated, preferably runs perpendicular through the material or workpiece surface 31 c, which is separated.
  • the rotational angle ⁇ with respect to which the cutting head 10 is rotated, is selected so that the water jet 30 generates a cutting edge 31a which is perpendicular to the surface of the material layer or of the workpiece 31.
  • the second cutting edge 31 b will be tapered in the rule, but this does not matter because it belongs to the waste part 33 is not further used.
  • the outlet opening 10 c of the cutting head 10 remains at the same height when it is rotated about the axis of rotation 24.
  • the focus point or tool center point remains when rotating the cutting head 10 about the rotation axis 24 at the same position on the workpiece surface 31 c.
  • angle error correction therefore, no tracking of the cutting head 10 in vertical, i. Z-direction required.
  • a correction in the X and / or Y direction is unnecessary, since the entry point of the water jet 30 on the workpiece surface 31c does not change when rotating the cutting head 10 about the rotation axis 24.
  • a measuring device 39 which serves for detecting the distance between the cutting head 10 and the workpiece surface 31 c, to allow a precise cutting.
  • the measuring device 39 has a rod 40 which extends through the base plate 12 and which is guided by these guided in the Z-axis, as indicated by the double arrow 41 in the Z-axis FIGS. 1 and 2 is indicated.
  • the rod 40 is provided at its upper end with a connecting part 42 and at its lower end with a boom 43.
  • a scanner 44 is mounted in the form of a ring which surrounds the axis of rotation 24 and through which the outlet opening 10c of the cutting head 10 can be passed.
  • the solid lines represent the scanner 44 in the extended position, while the dashed lines show the scanner 44 'in its retracted position.
  • a drive 45 arranged on the support 12, which is designed as a base plate, is used, which is designed in the form of a linear motor with a linearly displaceable adjusting axle 45a. This end is fixedly connected to the connecting part 42.
  • the drive 45 can be driven in a force-controlled manner in order to be able to press the scanner 44 onto the workpiece with a specific, specifiable force.
  • a pneumatic drive e.g. a pneumatic cylinder.
  • a guide for the drive 45 may be provided to prevent any forces from acting laterally on the adjustment axis 45a.
  • a path measuring system 46 arranged on the carrier 12 serves with a linearly displaceable measuring axis 46a, which is fixedly connected to the connecting part 42.
  • the displacement measuring system 46 is e.g. designed as a magnetic system of conventional type, in which the position of a magnetic sensor along a magnetic tape is detected.
  • a drive 45 in which a displacement measuring system is already integrated.
  • two reference surfaces can be provided with a known position to each other.
  • the first reference surface is z. B. contacted after starting the control. Out of the way, which the cutting head 10 then needs, until it is lowered touches the second reference surface, the vertical relative position between the scanner 44 and cutting head 10 can be determined.
  • the permanent distance measurement by means of the scanner 44 allows control of the contact force between the probe and the workpiece 31 so as to actively influence the working distance of the tool. Swinging and floating of the workpiece 31 can be counteracted in this way. This ensures that the focal point or tool center point, which corresponds to the intersection of rotation axis 24 and cutting head axis 25, is held exactly in the workpiece surface 31c.
  • the vertical position of a workpiece 31 may change due to vibrations to which the workpiece 31 and / or a workpiece support is subjected during operation. Due to the movement-dependent contact pressure of the scanner 44 to the workpiece surface 31 c, the workpiece 31 is stabilized in its position, thereby enabling accurate distance compliance.
  • the active scanning of the measuring device 39 allows a precise distance control, which finally allows a precise positioning of the cutting head 10 and thus a precise cutting.
  • the distance can be determined with an accuracy that is in the range of 100 microns or even 50 microns.
  • a device for the cutting head 10 is provided, by means of which the Cutting head 10 from an inclined position by the predetermined angle ⁇ in a normal to the workpiece surface 31 c position can be transferred.
  • the erection of the cutting head 10 allows z.
  • workpieces 31 can be cut in four-head operation since simultaneous operation of 2D heads and swivel heads is normally not possible due to their differing speed profiles of the cutting plans.
  • the cutting head 10 is for cutting critical contour portions, such as e.g. sharp corners or small radii, advantageous.
  • the cutting head 10 is set up in front of the relevant section and used like a conventional 2D head.
  • the positioning device 51 comprises an erection device, with which the cutting head 10 is pivotable relative to the holder 11 by the angular amount of the angle ⁇ .
  • the positioning device comprises a guide 52 and a pneumatic cylinder as the actuating element 56.
  • the guide 52 is provided in the holder 11, extending from its center in the direction of the radially outer edge and each end.
  • the swivel head 10 can be transferred by means of the actuating element 56 from an inclined position into a position aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 24.
  • Fig. 10a When the cutting head is in the inclined position according to Fig. 10a is located in this position advantageous at the end facing away from the axis of rotation 24 53 of the guide 52 at.
  • the cutting head axis 25 In the established position, which in Fig. 10b is shown, the cutting head axis 25 is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 24.
  • the cutting head axis 25 thus has an orientation of 0 degrees to the rotation axis 24 and is thus perpendicular to the workpiece surface 31 c.
  • the axis of rotation 24 adjacent end 54 of the guide 52 advantageously forms a stop for the cutting head 10.
  • actuating element 56 instead of a pneumatic cylinder and hydraulic or electrical devices can be provided as an actuating element 56, which are suitable for the purpose of setting up the cutting head 10.
  • the positioning device 61 comprises a tilting axis 62, which runs through the focal point or overlays it.
  • the carrier 12 ' is formed in two parts and comprises a fixed part 12a and a relative to the fixed part 12a by the angle of the angle ⁇ tiltable pivot member 12b.
  • the pivoting part 12b is mounted correspondingly on the fixed part 12a so that the tilting point does not move the focal point 27.
  • the tilting axis 62 is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 24. In the erected position of the cutting head 10, as shown in the Fig.
  • the cutting head axis 25 is perpendicular to the workpiece surface 31 c and the rotation axis 24 with respect to the cutting head axis 25 by the angle ⁇ inclined.
  • the still inclined cutting head 10 is previously placed about the rotation axis 24 to a defined position.
  • Both variants of the erector 51 and 61 may be manual or CNC controlled. It is advantageous that the angle to the axis of rotation 24 in both embodiments of the erectable cutting head 10 is not infinitely adjustable, but only two positions of the cutting head 10 are adjustable, on the one hand 0 degrees to the axis of rotation 24 and on the other hand the predetermined angle ⁇ to the axis of rotation 24, which the maximum Angle of attack of the cutting head 10 corresponds.
  • the angular correction on the workpiece 31 is further adjusted by the relative orientation of the cutting head 10 and the holder 11 with respect to the cutting direction.
  • the setting of the 0 degree position corresponds to switching off the angle error compensation function.
  • a bearing 66 is provided in the opening 15 of the holder 11, in which the cutting head 10 is rotatably received about its cutting head axis 25 in the holder 11.
  • the high pressure line 18 has at least partially a flexibility through which a compensation over an angular range of - ⁇ to + ⁇ is possible.
  • the rotational movement of the inlet end 10a of the cutting head 10 can be accommodated by the flexibility of a pipe coil or long pipe rod.
  • a rotatable support 11, on which a cutting head 10 is held, as well as the provision of a drive 45 for pressing a scanner 44 to the workpiece surface 31 c are two different measures that can also be applied independently to a more precise cut in water jet cutting to enable.
  • the cutting device shown here may be provided with a conventional measuring device 39, or the active scanning measuring device shown here may be applied to a conventional cutting device.
  • a measuring device 39 with a mechanical scanning z instead of a measuring device 39 with a mechanical scanning z.
  • a measuring device with an ultrasonic, laser or capacitive sensing can be used.
  • Another variant would be a method in which the position of the workpiece 31 is defined in space and ensures the distance from the cutting head 10 to workpiece 31 by suitable Kalibriervor réelle. So could be dispensed with the use of a measuring device with a scan.
  • the cutting device is adaptable to all types of water jet cutting.
  • the device is particularly suitable for the cutting by means of pure water jet or Wasserabrasivinjektorstrahl.
  • the holder 11 does not necessarily have to be formed to be rotatable by a full angle of 360 degrees or more. Depending on the application, a rotation around a smaller angular range, e.g. 90 degrees or 180 degrees about the axis of rotation 24 be sufficient.
  • the cutting head 10 can also be held on the holder 11, that the inclination angle ⁇ is adjustable. This can be done for example by means of a linear-acting drive, which acts on the cutting head 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Wasserstrahlschneiden eines Werkstücks, der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 genannten Art, sowie auf ein Verfahren zum Wasserstrahlschneiden eines Werkstücks, der im Patentanspruch 12 genannten Art.The present invention relates to an apparatus for water jet cutting of a workpiece, the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, as well as to a method for water jet cutting a workpiece, the type mentioned in claim 12.

Beim Wasserstrahlschneiden wird der aus dem Schneidkopf austretende Wasserstrahl beispielsweise dazu benutzt, eine Materialschicht bzw. ein Werkstück entlang einer Kontur zu trennen, indem der Schneidkopf mit einer bestimmten Vorschubgeschwindigkeit gesteuert entlang diesem verfahren wird. Beim Trennprozess trifft der Wasserstrahl mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die Material- bzw. Werkstückoberfläche und durchdringt diese, so dass sich ein Schnittspalt in dem Werkstück ergibt.In water-jet cutting, the water jet emerging from the cutting head is used, for example, to separate a material layer or a workpiece along a contour by moving the cutting head along this path at a specific feed rate. During the separation process, the water jet hits the material or workpiece surface at high speed and penetrates it, resulting in a kerf in the workpiece.

In der Regel verlaufen die Schnittkanten, welche den Schnittspalt begrenzen, nur bei einer bestimmten Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Schneidkopfs 10 parallel zueinander. Dies ist in Fig. 9b schematisch dargestellt, welche einen Teil eines Werkstücks 31 im Schnitt sowie den Verlauf des aus dem Schneidkopf 10 austretenden Wasserstrahls 30b zeigt. Ist die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit zu gering oder zu gross, sind die Schnittkanten nicht parallel, sondern geneigt zueinander angeordnet. Fig. 9a zeigt den Verlauf des Wasserstrahls 30a bei zu geringer Vorschubgeschwindigkeit und Fig. 9c den Verlauf des Wasserstrahls 30c bei zu grosser Vorschubgeschwindigkeit. Wie ersichtlich weisen die Schnittkanten gegenüber der Senkrechten auf die Werkstückoberfläche 31 c eine Neigung δ auf. Dieser Winkelfehler wird auch als "taper" bezeichnet.As a rule, the cut edges, which limit the kerf, run parallel to each other only at a certain feed rate of the cutting head 10. This is in Fig. 9b schematically showing a part of a workpiece 31 in section and the course of the emerging from the cutting head 10 water jet 30b. If the feed rate is too low or too high, the cut edges are not parallel, but inclined to each other. Fig. 9a shows the course of the water jet 30a at too low feed rate and Fig. 9c the course of the water jet 30c at too high feed rate. As can be seen, the cut edges with respect to the perpendicular to the workpiece surface 31 c have an inclination δ. This angle error is also called "taper".

Um eine rationelle Bearbeitung zu gewährleisten, ist man bestrebt, eine möglichst grosse Vorschubgeschwindigkeit zu wählen. Um dabei bei wenigstens einer der beiden Schnittkanten den "taper" zu vermeiden, ist es bekannt, den Schneidkopf schwenkbar auszugestalten (vgl. beispielsweise US 6,922,605 B1 oder US 6,766,216 B2 ). Dazu sind nebst den drei Achsen zum Verschieben des Schneidkopfs im Raum zwei zusätzliche Schwenkachsen vorgesehen, welche das Schwenken des Schneidkopfs ermöglichen. Es sind geeignete Massnahmen vorzusehen, um ein genaues Orientieren des Schneidkopfs und somit ein präzises Schneiden zu ermöglichen.In order to ensure a rational processing, one strives to select the largest possible feed rate. In order to avoid the "taper" in at least one of the two cutting edges, it is known to make the cutting head pivotable (cf., for example US 6,922,605 B1 or US 6,766,216 B2 ). For this purpose, two additional pivot axes are provided in addition to the three axes for moving the cutting head in space, which allow the pivoting of the cutting head. Appropriate measures should be taken to allow precise orientation of the cutting head and thus precise cutting.

Um den Schneidkopf richtig in Bezug auf das Werkstück positionieren zu können, ist es weiter bekannt, den Abstand zwischen Schneidkopf und Werkstückoberfläche zu erfassen, indem auf dieser ein Abtaster aufgelegt wird (vgl. beispielsweise EP 1 317 999 A1 oder US 2006/0040590 A1 ). Der Abstand lässt sich dadurch jedoch nur in einem beschränkten Mass genau bestimmen, was entsprechende Ungenauigkeiten beim Schneiden zur Folge hat.In order to be able to position the cutting head correctly with respect to the workpiece, it is also known to detect the distance between the cutting head and the workpiece surface by placing a scanner on it (cf., for example, US Pat EP 1 317 999 A1 or US 2006/0040590 A1 ). However, the distance can be accurately determined only to a limited extent, which has corresponding inaccuracies in cutting result.

Aus der WO 2008/128303 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Wasserstrahlschneiden eines Werkstücks bekannt, die einen Schneidkopf und eine Halterung umfasst, welche um eine Drehachse drehbar ist und an welcher der Schneidkopf gehalten ist. Der Schneidkopf weist ein Fokussierrohr mit einer Austrittsöffnung für einen Wasserstrahl auf, wobei der Schneidkopf entlang einer in Bezug auf die Drehachse unter einem Winkel geneigten Schneidkopfachse ausgerichtet ist.From the WO 2008/128303 A1 For example, an apparatus for water jet cutting a workpiece is known, which comprises a cutting head and a holder, which is rotatable about an axis of rotation and on which the cutting head is held. The cutting head has a focussing tube with a water jet outlet, the cutting head being aligned along a cutting head axis inclined at an angle with respect to the fulcrum.

Nachteilig an dieser und anderen bekannten Lösungen ist, dass beim Drehen des Schneidkopfs um die Drehachse, damit beispielsweise ein um eine Ecke laufender Schnitt im Werkstück ausführbar ist, der Eintrittspunkt des Wasserstrahls auf der Werkstückoberfläche verschoben wird. Diese Verschiebung muss durch eine Korrekturbewegung in X-, Y- und/oder Z-Richtung kompensiert werden. Dies bedingt einen zusätzlichen, separaten Steuervorgang bei jeder Änderung der Winkellage des Schneidkopfs.A disadvantage of this and other known solutions is that upon rotation of the cutting head about the axis of rotation, so that, for example, running around a corner cutting in the workpiece is executed, the entry point of the water jet is moved to the workpiece surface. This shift must be compensated by a correction movement in the X, Y and / or Z direction. This requires an additional, separate control process with each change in the angular position of the cutting head.

Aus der US 2003/0037650 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Wasserstrahlschneiden eines Werkstücks bekannt mit einem Schneidkopf, einer Halterung, welche um eine Drehachse drehbar ist und an welcher der Schneidkopf gehalten ist. Der Schneidkopf weist ein Fokussierrohr mit einer Austrittsöffnung für einen Wasserstrahl auf. Der Schneidkopf ist entlang einer in Bezug auf die Drehachse unter einem Winkel geneigten Schneidkopfachse ausgerichtet. Weiter ist eine Messeinrichtung mit einem Erfassungsmittel zum Erfassen des Abstandes zwischen dem Schneidkopf und einer Werkstückoberfläche des Werkstücks vorgesehen.From the US 2003/0037650 A1 a device for water jet cutting a workpiece is known with a cutting head, a holder which is rotatable about an axis of rotation and on which the cutting head is held. The cutting head has a Fokussierrohr with an outlet for a water jet. The cutting head is aligned along a cutting head axis inclined at an angle with respect to the axis of rotation. Further, a measuring device is provided with a detecting means for detecting the distance between the cutting head and a workpiece surface of the workpiece.

Eine weitere gattungsgemässe Vorrichtung zum Wasserstrahlschneiden ist in der US 2006/0149410 A1 gezeigt,Another generic device for water jet cutting is in the US 2006/0149410 A1 shown,

Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Wasserstrahlschneiden eines Werkstücks anzugeben, welche bzw. welches die vorgenannten Nachteile nicht aufweist und dadurch ein genaueres Schneiden ermöglicht.An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for water jet cutting a workpiece, which or which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and thereby enables a more accurate cutting.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Vorrichtung gemäss Anspruch 1, einer Maschine gemäss Anspruch 11, durch das Verfahren gemäss dem Anspruch 12 sowie durch das Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks gemäss dem Anspruch 15 gelöst. Die weiteren Ansprüche geben bevorzugte Ausführungen der entsprechenden erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtungen und des entsprechenden erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens an.This object is achieved by the device according to claim 1, a machine according to claim 11, by the method according to claim 12 and by the method for processing a workpiece according to claim 15. The further claims indicate preferred embodiments of the corresponding devices according to the invention and of the corresponding method according to the invention.

Eine Vorrichtung zum Wasserstrahlschneiden umfasst beispielsweise einen Schneidkopf und eine Messeinrichtung mit einem Abtaster zum Erfassen des Abstandes zwischen Schneidkopf und Werkstückoberfläche, wobei die Messeinrichtung einen Antrieb umfasst, mittels welchem der Abtaster kraftgesteuert gegen die Werkstückoberfläche drückbar ist. Der Antrieb ist beispielsweise ein Linearmotor mit einer linear verschiebbaren Stellachse. Der Abtaster weist z. B, ein ringförmiges Ende auf. Vorteilhaft ist ein Wegmesssystem zum Erfassen der Position der Stellachse des Antriebs vorgesehen. Weiter Ist vorteilhaft eine Steuerung vorgesehen, mittels welcher die Kraft einstellbar ist, mit welcher der Abtaster gegen die Werkstückoberfläche drückbar ist, wobei die Steuerung des Abtasters von der Steuerung des Schneidkopfs unabhängig ist.A device for water jet cutting comprises, for example, a cutting head and a measuring device with a scanner for detecting the distance between the cutting head and workpiece surface, wherein the measuring device comprises a drive by means of which the scanner is force-controlled against the workpiece surface can be pressed. The drive is for example a linear motor with a linearly displaceable adjusting axis. The scanner has z. B, an annular end on. Advantageously, a displacement measuring system for detecting the position of the adjusting axis of the drive is provided. Next is advantageously a control provided by means of which the force is adjustable, with which the scanner can be pressed against the workpiece surface, wherein the control of the scanner is independent of the control of the cutting head.

Die Bezugszeichenliste ist Bestandteil der Offenbarung.The list of reference numerals is part of the disclosure.

Anhand von Figuren wird die Erfindung symbolisch und beispielhaft näher erläutert.The invention will be explained symbolically and by way of example with reference to figures.

Die Figuren werden zusammenhängend und übergreifend beschrieben. Gleiche Bezugszeichen bedeuten gleiche Bauteile, Bezugszeichen mit unterschiedlichen Indices geben funktionsgleiche oder ähnliche Bauteile an.The figures are described coherently and comprehensively. The same reference symbols denote the same components, reference symbols with different indices indicate functionally identical or similar components.

Es zeigen dabei

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung;
Fig. 2
eine Vorderansicht der Vorrichtung gemäss Fig. 1, wobei der Schneidkopf so gedreht ist, dass er mit seinem vollen, vorgegebenen Neigungswinkel zu sehen ist;
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung;
Fig. 4
eine perspektivische Ansicht der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung gemäss Fig. 3;
Fig. 5
das Zwischengelenk der Vorrichtung gemäss Fig. 3 in einer Seitenansicht;
Fig. 6
das Zwischengelenk gemäss Fig. 6 geschnitten in der Ebene gemäss der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 7;
Fig. 7
das Zwischengelenk gemäss Fig. 5 in einer Draufsicht;
Fig. 8
eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht eines Werkstückes, welches mit der Vorrichtung gemäss Fig. 1 oder Fig. 3 getrennt wird;
Fig. 9a-9c
schematisch die Verläufe des Wasserstrahls beim Durchtrennen eines Werkstücks bei drei verschiedenen Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten des Schneidkopfs;
Fig. 10a-10b
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung;
Fig. 11
eine erfindungsgemässe Variante der Vorrichtung gem. Fig. 10a und 10b; und
Fig. 12
eine weitere erfindungsgemässe Variante der Vorrichtung gem. Fig. 1.
It show here
Fig. 1
a perspective view of the inventive device;
Fig. 2
a front view of the device according to Fig. 1 wherein the cutting head is rotated so that it can be seen with its full, predetermined angle of inclination;
Fig. 3
a side view of another embodiment of an inventive device;
Fig. 4
a perspective view of the inventive device according to Fig. 3 ;
Fig. 5
the intermediate joint of the device according to Fig. 3 in a side view;
Fig. 6
the intermediate joint according to Fig. 6 cut in the plane according to the line VI-VI in Fig. 7 ;
Fig. 7
the intermediate joint according to Fig. 5 in a plan view;
Fig. 8
a partially sectioned side view of a workpiece, which with the device according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 3 is disconnected;
Fig. 9a-9c
schematically the progressions of the water jet when cutting a workpiece at three different feed speeds of the cutting head;
Fig. 10a-10b
a perspective view of another embodiment of an inventive device;
Fig. 11
an inventive variant of the device acc. 10a and 10b ; and
Fig. 12
a further variant of the device according to the invention. Fig. 1 ,

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, umfasst die Schneidvorrichtung zum Wasserstrahlschneiden einen Schneidkopf 10 mit einem Fokussierrohr 10b, welcher an einer Nabe als Halterung 11 befestigt ist. Diese ist dazu mit einer Bohrung versehen, in welcher der Schneidkopf 10 sitzt. Das Fokussierrohr 10b weist eine Austrittsöffnung 10c auf, aus welcher der sich im Betrieb bildende Wasserstrahl 30 austritt.How out Fig. 1 As can be seen, the cutting device for water jet cutting comprises a cutting head 10 with a focusing tube 10b, which is fastened to a hub as a holder 11. This is provided with a hole in which the cutting head 10 is seated. The focusing tube 10b has an outlet opening 10c, from which emerges the water jet 30 forming during operation.

Die Halterung 11 des Schneidkopfs 10 ist drehbar auf einer Grundplatte als Träger 12 gelagert. Die Lager der Halterung 11 sind mittels Dichtungen vor Eindringen von Wasser, Staub, etc. geschützt. Die Halterung 11 weist eine exzentrisch angeordnete Öffnung 15 auf, durch welche das der Austrittsöffnung 10c abgewandte, einlassseitige Ende 10a des Schneidkopfs 10 hindurch ragt.The holder 11 of the cutting head 10 is rotatably mounted on a base plate as a carrier 12. The bearings of the holder 11 are protected by means of seals against ingress of water, dust, etc. The holder 11 has an eccentrically arranged opening 15, through which the outlet opening 10c facing away from the inlet end 10a of the cutting head 10 projects therethrough.

Auf der Grundplatte 12 ist ein Antrieb 13 in Form eines Drehmotors angebracht, der über einen Zahnriemen 14 an die drehbar gelagerte Halterung 11 gekoppelt ist. Als Antrieb 13 eignet sich z.B. ein Servomotor oder ein Schrittmotor.On the base plate 12, a drive 13 is mounted in the form of a rotary motor which is coupled via a toothed belt 14 to the rotatably mounted holder 11. As drive 13 is suitable e.g. a servomotor or a stepper motor.

Das einlassseitige Ende 10a des Schneidkopfs 10 ist mit einem Winkelstück 17 verbunden, welches über ein Rohr 18 an ein Drehgelenk 19 angeschlossen ist, das als Hochdruckdrehgelenk ausgebildet ist. Dieses ist einlassseitig mit einem Anschlussrohr 20 versehen. Das Anschlussrohr 20 ist über weitere Leitungen an eine hier nicht dargestellte Hochdruckpumpe anschliessbar. Die Komponenten 17-20 bilden eine Hochdruckleitung, welche es erlaubt, Wasser mit dem nötigen Druck dem Schneidkopf 10 zuzuführen. Typischerweise beträgt der Druck 3000 bar oder mehr.The inlet-side end 10a of the cutting head 10 is connected to an angle 17, which is connected via a pipe 18 to a pivot joint 19, which is designed as a high-pressure rotary joint. This is provided on the inlet side with a connecting pipe 20. The connecting pipe 20 can be connected via further lines to a high pressure pump, not shown here. The components 17-20 form a high-pressure line, which allows water to be supplied to the cutting head 10 with the necessary pressure. Typically, the pressure is 3000 bar or more.

Um die Schneidvorrichtung als Ganzes horizontal (d. h. in X- und Y-Richtung) sowie vertikal (d. h. in Z-Richtung) gesteuert verschieben zu können, ist sie auf einem Wagen (z. B. am Träger 12) angeordnet, der mittels einer geeigneten Verschiebeeinrichtung im Raum verschiebbar ist.In order to be able to move the cutting device as a whole horizontally (ie in the X and Y direction) and vertically (ie in the Z direction), it is arranged on a carriage (for example on the carrier 12) which can be moved by means of a suitable means Sliding device is displaceable in space.

Der Schneidkopf 10 ist mit einer Düse zur Erzeugung des Wasserstrahls 30 und mit einem Anschlussstutzen zur Beigabe eines Abrasivmaterials versehen. Düse und Anschlussstutzen sind bekannter Art und in der Fig. 1 nicht ersichtlich.The cutting head 10 is provided with a nozzle for generating the water jet 30 and with a connecting piece for adding an abrasive material. Nozzle and connecting pieces are known type and in the Fig. 1 not apparent.

Wie Fig. 2 zeigt, ist der Schneidkopf 10 unter einem vorgegebenen Neigungswinkel α in Bezug auf die Drehachse 24 angeordnet, um welche die Halterung 11 drehbar ist. Die Schneidkopfachse 25 (Richtung, in welcher sich der Wasserstrahl 30 ausbreitet) ist somit um den Winkel α geneigt zur Drehachse 24 angeordnet. Der Schneidkopf 10 ist so an der Halterung 11 gehalten, dass sich der Schnittpunkt 27 von Drehachse 24 und Schneidkopfachse 25 beabstandet zur Austrittsöffnung 10c und unterhalb dieser befindet. Dieser Schnittpunkt 27 wird auch als Fokuspunkt oder Tool-Center-Point bezeichnet.As Fig. 2 shows, the cutting head 10 is arranged at a predetermined inclination angle α with respect to the rotation axis 24, about which the holder 11 is rotatable. The cutting head axis 25 (direction in which the water jet 30 propagates) is thus arranged at an angle α inclined to the axis of rotation 24. The cutting head 10 is held on the holder 11 so that the point of intersection 27 of the axis of rotation 24 and cutting head axis 25 spaced from the outlet opening 10c and located below it. This intersection 27 is also referred to as a focal point or tool center point.

Die Antriebsachse 15 des Antriebs 13 ist parallel zur Drehachse 24 angeordnet.The drive shaft 15 of the drive 13 is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 24.

Das Drehgelenk 19 ist so angeordnet, dass dessen drehbarer Teil 19a um eine Drehachse drehbar ist, welche mit der Drehachse 24 der Halterung 11 zusammenfällt. Die Ausgestaltung des Winkelstückes 17 ist so gewählt, dass es zusammen mit dem Drehgelenk 19 eine Drehung der Halterung 11 sowie des Schneidkopfs 10 um die Drehachse 24 erlaubt.The hinge 19 is arranged so that the rotatable part 19 a is rotatable about a rotation axis, which coincides with the rotation axis 24 of the holder 11. The design of the angle piece 17 is chosen so that it allows a rotation of the holder 11 and the cutting head 10 about the axis of rotation 24 together with the pivot joint 19.

In Fig. 2 sind durch gestrichelte Linien 26a, 26b, 26c die Innenkanäle dargestellt, durch welche im Betrieb das Wasser vom Anschlussrohr 20 über die Komponenten 17 bis 19 dem Schneidkopf 10 zugeführt wird, wo es schliesslich aus der Austrittsöffnung 10c austritt und auf das Werkstück 31 trifft. Dieses kann z.B. ein Blech sein, aus welchem ein oder mehrere Teile herausgeschnitten werden.In Fig. 2 are shown by dashed lines 26a, 26b, 26c, the inner channels through which the water is supplied from the connecting pipe 20 via the components 17-19 in the operation of the cutting head 10, where it finally emerges from the outlet opening 10c and strikes the workpiece 31. This can for example be a sheet from which one or more parts are cut out.

Im Betrieb wird die Schneidvorrichtung gesteuert im Raum bewegt, um mittels des Wasserstrahls 30 eine Materialschicht bzw. ein Werkstück 31 entlang einer Kontur durchtrennen zu können. Der Antrieb 13 wird dabei so angesteuert, dass die Halterung 11 zusammen mit dem Schneidkopf 10 mit einem bestimmten Drehwinkel β um die Drehachse 24 gedreht wird. Die Komponenten 17, 18 und 19a werden dabei ebenfalls um die Drehachse 24 gedreht. Die Steuerung der Schneidvorrichtung erfolgt beispielsweise durch eine CNC-Steuerung.In operation, the cutting device is controlled in space moves in order to be able to cut through the water jet 30, a material layer or a workpiece 31 along a contour can. The drive 13 is driven so that the holder 11 is rotated together with the cutting head 10 with a certain angle of rotation β about the axis of rotation 24. The components 17, 18 and 19a are also rotated about the axis of rotation 24. The control of the cutting device is done for example by a CNC control.

Der Drehwinkel β ist so gewählt, dass beim Schneiden eine unerwünschte Neigung der Schnittkante ("Winkelfehler"/ "taper") berücksichtigt wird und diese die gewünschte Ausrichtung aufweist (in der Regel senkrecht zur Werkstückoberfläche 31 c). Das Ausgleichen dieser Neigung wird im Folgenden auch als Winkelfehlerkorrektur bezeichnet.The angle of rotation β is chosen so that during cutting an undesired inclination of the cutting edge ("angle error" / "taper") is taken into account and this has the desired orientation (usually perpendicular to the workpiece surface 31 c). The compensation of this inclination is also referred to below as angle error correction.

Angenommen die Schneidrichtung ist in negativer Richtung der X-Achse gemäss Fig. 2 und die Drehlage des Schneidkopfs 10 entspricht der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Drehlage, d.h. β = 0 Grad. In diesem Fall ist die Schneidkopfachse 25 parallel zur Ebene angeordnet, in welcher die Schneidrichtung verläuft und welche gemäss Fig. 2 der XZ-Ebene entspricht. Bei dieser Einstellung erfolgt keine Winkelfehlerkorrektur. Vorteilhaft erfolgt in dieser Ausrichtung des Schneidkopfs 10 der Trennschnitt stechend, d. h. der Wasserstrahl 30 wird zur Ausführung des Trennschnitts in Richtung der Schneidrichtung ausgerichtet. Alternativ kann der Trennschnitt in einer gegenüber der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausrichtung um 180 Grad verdrehten Ausrichtung des Schneidkopfs 10 schleppend ausgeführt werden, d. h. der Wasserstrahl 30 wird zur Ausführung des Schnittes entgegen der Richtung der Schneidrichtung ausgerichtet.Suppose the cutting direction is in the negative direction of the X-axis according to Fig. 2 and the rotational position of the cutting head 10 corresponds to that in FIG Fig. 2 shown rotational position, ie β = 0 degrees. In this case, the cutting head axis 25 is arranged parallel to the plane in which the cutting direction runs and which according to Fig. 2 corresponds to the XZ plane. With this setting, no angle error correction takes place. Advantageously, in this orientation of the cutting head 10, the separating cut pierces, ie the water jet 30 is aligned to carry out the separating cut in the direction of the cutting direction. Alternatively, the separating cut in a relation to the in Fig. 2 shown aligned to 180 degrees twisted alignment of the cutting head 10 are carried out slowly, that is, the water jet 30 is aligned to perform the cut against the direction of the cutting direction.

Wird nun der Schneidkopf 10 um β = 90 Grad gedreht, so ist die Schneidkopfachse 25 um den Neigungswinkel α geneigt zur XZ-Ebene angeordnet. Bei dieser Einstellung erfolgt die maximal mögliche Winkelfehlerkorrektur.Now, if the cutting head 10 is rotated by β = 90 degrees, the cutting head axis 25 is inclined by the inclination angle α to the XZ plane. With this setting, the maximum possible angle error correction takes place.

Durch Ändern des Winkels β ist eine Winkelfehlerkorrektur im Bereich von - a bis +α möglich, wobei sich der jeweilige Korrekturwinkel aus der Projektion des Neigungswinkels α auf die senkrechte Ebene zur Schneidrichtung ergibt.By changing the angle β, an angle error correction in the range of - a to + α is possible, wherein the respective correction angle results from the projection of the inclination angle α on the vertical plane to the cutting direction.

Der Wert des Neigungswinkels α legt die maximal mögliche Winkelfehlerkorrektur fest und ist entsprechend der Auslegung der Schneidvorrichtung festgelegt. Typischerweise ist der Neigungswinkel α kleiner als 10 Grad und vorteilhaft grösser 1 Grad.The value of the inclination angle α defines the maximum possible angular error correction and is determined according to the design of the cutting device. Typically, the angle of inclination α is less than 10 degrees and advantageously greater than 1 degree.

In den Figuren 3 und 4 ist eine Variante der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung zum Wasserstrahlschneiden gezeigt. Teile, die den Teilen der ersten Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 1 entsprechen, sind mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.In the Figures 3 and 4 a variant of the inventive device for water jet cutting is shown. Parts corresponding to the parts of the first embodiment Fig. 1 correspond, are provided with the same reference numerals.

In den Figuren 3 und 4 ist ein Zwischengelenk 1 zu sehen, über welches Abrasivmaterial zum Schneidkopf 10 zuführbar ist. Ein derartiges Zwischengelenk 1 wird auch als Abrasivleitungsdrehgelenk bezeichnet.In the Figures 3 and 4 is to see an intermediate joint 1, via which abrasive material to the cutting head 10 can be fed. Such an intermediate joint 1 is also referred to as Abrasivleitungsdrehgelenk.

Das Zwischengelenk 1 bzw. Abrasivleitungsdrehgelenk befindet sich zwischen dem als Hochdruckdrehgelenk ausgebildeten Drehgelenk 19 und dem Winkelstück 17 und weist einen Einlass 1 a auf, der mit einer Zufuhrleitung 2 verbunden ist und der in einem Ring 3 mündet. Dieser ist an einer festen Position gehalten, indem er mittels einer Stütze 8 an einer mit der Grundplatte 12 fest verbundenen Seitenplatte 9 abgestützt ist. Das Zwischengelenk 1 ist weiter mit einem Auslass 1 b versehen, der über eine Verbindungsleitung 4 mit dem Anschlussstutzen 10d des Schneidkopfs 10 verbunden ist.The intermediate joint 1 or Abrasivleitungsdrehgelenk is located between the formed as a high pressure rotary joint pivot 19 and the elbow 17 and has an inlet 1 a, which is connected to a supply line 2 and which opens into a ring 3. This is held in a fixed position by being supported by means of a support 8 on a fixedly connected to the base plate 12 side plate 9. The intermediate joint 1 is further provided with an outlet 1 b, which is connected via a connecting line 4 with the connecting piece 10 d of the cutting head 10.

Figuren 5 bis 7 zeigen das Zwischengelenk 1 im Detail. Wie ersichtlich, wird es vom Rohr 18 durchquert, über welches das Wasser unter Hochdruck vom Drehgelenk 19 zum Winkelstück 17 leitbar ist und welches konzentrisch zur Drehachse 24 der Halterung 11 verläuft (vgl. Fig. 2). FIGS. 5 to 7 show the intermediate joint 1 in detail. As can be seen, it is traversed by the pipe 18, via which the water under high pressure from the rotary joint 19 to the elbow 17 can be conducted and which concentric to the axis of rotation 24 of the holder 11 extends (see. Fig. 2 ).

Das Zwischengelenk 1 umfasst ein Deckelelement 5, welches auf ein Trichterelement 6 gesetzt ist, so dass sich dazwischen ein trichterförmigerThe intermediate joint 1 comprises a cover element 5, which is placed on a funnel element 6, so that therebetween a funnel-shaped

Spalt 7 ergibt. Die beiden Elemente 5 und 6 sind fest mit Rohr 18 verbunden, jedoch relativ zum Ring 3 frei drehbar. Der Einlass 1 a befindet sich am stationären Ring 3, während der Auslass 1 b am drehbaren Trichterelement 6 befestigt ist. Die Teile 1 b, 5 und 6 können demnach einer Drehung des Schneidkopfs 10 folgen, während der Einlass 1 a und der Ring 3 stationär bleiben.Gap 7 gives. The two elements 5 and 6 are fixedly connected to tube 18, but freely rotatable relative to the ring 3. The inlet 1 a is located on the stationary ring 3, while the outlet 1 b is fixed to the rotatable funnel element 6. The parts 1 b, 5 and 6 can thus follow a rotation of the cutting head 10, while the inlet 1 a and the ring 3 remain stationary.

Abrasivmaterial, welches im Betrieb durch den Einlass 1a am Ring 3 einströmt, wird durch den Spalt 7 zwischen Deckelelement 5 und Trichterelement 6 geführt und tritt am Auslass 1 b wieder aus.Abrasive material, which flows in operation through the inlet 1a at the ring 3, is guided through the gap 7 between the cover element 5 and funnel element 6 and exits at the outlet 1 b again.

Durch das Vorsehen des Zwischengelenks 1 kann die Zufuhrleitung 2 zur Zufuhr des Abrasivmaterials von der Drehbewegung des Schneidkopfs 10 entkoppelt werden. Dieser kann somit um 360 Grad oder mehr um die Drehachse 24 gedreht werden, ohne dass sich dabei die Zufuhrleitung 2 für das Abrasivmaterial aufwickelt. So wird ein reibungsloser Transport des Abrasivmittels zum Schneidkopf gewährleistet.By providing the intermediate joint 1, the supply line 2 for supplying the abrasive material can be decoupled from the rotational movement of the cutting head 10. This can thus be rotated by 360 degrees or more about the axis of rotation 24, without the supply line 2 wound up for the abrasive material. This ensures a smooth transport of the abrasive to the cutting head.

Fig. 8 zeigt schematisch das Trennen einer Materialschicht bzw. eines Werkstücks 31 mittels eines Wasserstrahls 30, wobei die Schnittrichtung senkrecht auf der Zeichnungsebene liegt. Die Drehachse 24, um welche der Schneidkopf 10 gedreht wird, verläuft dabei vorzugsweise senkrecht durch die Material- bzw. Werkstückoberfläche 31 c, welche getrennt wird. Fig. 8 schematically shows the separation of a material layer or a workpiece 31 by means of a water jet 30, wherein the cutting direction is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The axis of rotation 24 about which the cutting head 10 is rotated, preferably runs perpendicular through the material or workpiece surface 31 c, which is separated.

Beim Schneiden entstehen zwei Wände in der Materialschicht 31, welche die Schnittkante 31 a des Teils mit der gewünschten Form ("Nutzteil" 32) und die Schnittkante 31b des als Abfall anfallenden Teils ("Abfallteil" 33) bilden. Der auf die Drehachse 24 bezogene Drehwinkel β, mit welchem der Schneidkopf 10 gedreht ist, ist dabei so gewählt, dass der Wasserstrahl 30 eine Schnittkante 31 a erzeugt, die senkrecht zur Oberfläche der Materialschicht bzw. des Werkstücks 31 steht. Die zweite Schnittkante 31 b wird dabei in der Regel abgeschrägt sein, was aber keine Rolle spielt, da sie zum nicht weiter verwendeten Abfallteil 33 gehört.When cutting two walls in the material layer 31, which form the cutting edge 31 a of the part with the desired shape ("Nutzteil" 32) and the cutting edge 31 b of the waste accumulating part ("waste part" 33). The rotational angle β, with respect to which the cutting head 10 is rotated, is selected so that the water jet 30 generates a cutting edge 31a which is perpendicular to the surface of the material layer or of the workpiece 31. The second cutting edge 31 b will be tapered in the rule, but this does not matter because it belongs to the waste part 33 is not further used.

Insbesondere beim Schneiden entlang einer geraden oder sich stufenlos ändernden Kontur ist zur Winkelfehlerkorrektur die Ansteuerung lediglich einer einzigen Achse ausreichend. Dies hat u.a. den Vorteil, dass der Schneidkopf 10 präzise ausrichtbar ist, was ein präzises Schneiden ermöglicht.In particular, when cutting along a straight or continuously changing contour, the control of only a single axis is sufficient for angle error correction. This has u.a. the advantage that the cutting head 10 is precisely aligned, which allows a precise cutting.

Im Weiteren verbleibt die Austrittsöffnung 10c des Schneidkopfs 10 dabei auf derselben Höhe, wenn dieser um die Drehachse 24 gedreht wird. Somit verbleibt auch der Fokuspunkt bzw. Tool-Center-Point beim Drehen des Schneidkopfs 10 um die Drehachse 24 an der gleichen Position auf der Werkstückoberfläche 31 c. Zur Winkelfehlerkorrektur ist demnach kein Nachführen des Schneidkopfs 10 in vertikaler, d.h. Z-Richtung erforderlich. Auch eine Korrektur in X- und/oder Y-Richtung erübrigt sich, da der Eintrittspunkt des Wasserstrahls 30 an der Werkstückoberfläche 31c sich beim Drehen des Schneidkopfs 10 um die Drehachse 24 nicht verändert.In addition, the outlet opening 10 c of the cutting head 10 remains at the same height when it is rotated about the axis of rotation 24. Thus, the focus point or tool center point remains when rotating the cutting head 10 about the rotation axis 24 at the same position on the workpiece surface 31 c. For angle error correction, therefore, no tracking of the cutting head 10 in vertical, i. Z-direction required. Also, a correction in the X and / or Y direction is unnecessary, since the entry point of the water jet 30 on the workpiece surface 31c does not change when rotating the cutting head 10 about the rotation axis 24.

In den Figuren 1 und 2 ist weiter eine Messeinrichtung 39 gezeigt, welche zum Erfassen des Abstandes zwischen dem Schneidkopf 10 und der Werkstückoberfläche 31 c dient, um ein präzises Schneiden zu ermöglichen. Die Messeinrichtung 39 weist eine Stange 40 auf, welche durch die Grundplatte 12 hindurch reicht und welche durch diese geführt in der Z-Achse verschiebbar ist, wie dies durch den Doppelpfeil 41 in den Figuren 1 und 2 angedeutet ist.In the FIGS. 1 and 2 Further, a measuring device 39 is shown, which serves for detecting the distance between the cutting head 10 and the workpiece surface 31 c, to allow a precise cutting. The measuring device 39 has a rod 40 which extends through the base plate 12 and which is guided by these guided in the Z-axis, as indicated by the double arrow 41 in the Z-axis FIGS. 1 and 2 is indicated.

Die Stange 40 ist an ihrem oberen Ende mit einem Verbindungsteil 42 und an ihrem unteren Ende mit einem Ausleger 43 versehen. An diesem ist endseitig ein Abtaster 44 in Form eines Ringes angebracht, welcher die Drehachse 24 umgibt und durch welchen die Austrittsöffnung 10c des Schneidkopfs 10 hindurchführbar ist. In Fig. 2 stellen die ausgezogenen Linien den Abtaster 44 in der ausgefahrenen Stellung dar, während die gestrichelten Linien den Abtaster 44' in seiner eingefahrenen Stellung zeigen.The rod 40 is provided at its upper end with a connecting part 42 and at its lower end with a boom 43. At this end a scanner 44 is mounted in the form of a ring which surrounds the axis of rotation 24 and through which the outlet opening 10c of the cutting head 10 can be passed. In Fig. 2 the solid lines represent the scanner 44 in the extended position, while the dashed lines show the scanner 44 'in its retracted position.

Zum Verschieben des Abtasters 44 dient ein auf dem als Grundplatte ausgebildeten Trägers 12 angeordneter Antrieb 45, welcher in Form eines Linearmotors mit einer linear verschiebbaren Stellachse 45a ausgebildet ist. Diese ist endseitig fest mit dem Verbindungsteil 42 verbunden. Der Antrieb 45 ist kraftgesteuert antreibbar, um den Abtaster 44 mit einer bestimmten, vorgebbaren Kraft auf das Werkstück drücken zu können. Anstelle eines elektrisch arbeitenden Antriebs ist es auch denkbar, einen pneumatischen Antrieb zu verwenden, z.B. einen pneumatischen Zylinder. Optional kann eine Führung für den Antrieb 45 vorgesehen werden, um zu verhindern, dass etwaige Kräfte seitlich auf die Stellachse 45a wirken.To displace the scanner 44, a drive 45 arranged on the support 12, which is designed as a base plate, is used, which is designed in the form of a linear motor with a linearly displaceable adjusting axle 45a. This end is fixedly connected to the connecting part 42. The drive 45 can be driven in a force-controlled manner in order to be able to press the scanner 44 onto the workpiece with a specific, specifiable force. Instead of an electric drive, it is also conceivable to use a pneumatic drive, e.g. a pneumatic cylinder. Optionally, a guide for the drive 45 may be provided to prevent any forces from acting laterally on the adjustment axis 45a.

Zur genauen Erfassung der Position der Stellachse 45a und somit des Abtasters 44, dient ein auf dem Träger 12 angeordnetes Wegmesssystem 46 mit einer linear verschiebbaren Messachse 46a, die fest mit dem Verbindungsteil 42 verbunden ist. Das Wegmesssystem 46 ist z.B. als magnetisches System üblicher Art ausgebildet, bei welchem die Position eines Magnetsensors entlang eines Magnetbandes erfasst wird. Anstelle eines externen Wegmesssystems 46 ist auch denkbar, einen Antrieb 45 zu verwenden, in welchem ein Wegmesssystem bereits integriert ist.For exact detection of the position of the adjusting axis 45a and thus of the scanner 44, a path measuring system 46 arranged on the carrier 12 serves with a linearly displaceable measuring axis 46a, which is fixedly connected to the connecting part 42. The displacement measuring system 46 is e.g. designed as a magnetic system of conventional type, in which the position of a magnetic sensor along a magnetic tape is detected. Instead of an external path measuring system 46, it is also conceivable to use a drive 45 in which a displacement measuring system is already integrated.

Zur Erfassung des Abstandes zwischen dem Schneidkopf 10 und der Werkstückoberfläche 31 c wird mittels des Antriebes 45 der Abtaster 44 mit einer vorgegebenen Kraft F verschoben. Der Abtaster 44 kontaktiert schliesslich die Werkstückoberfläche 31 c und wird gegen diese mit der Kraft F gedrückt. Mittels des Wegmesssystems 45 wird die Position der Messachse 46a und daraus der Abstand zwischen Schneidkopf 10 und Werkstückoberfläche 31 c bestimmt.To detect the distance between the cutting head 10 and the workpiece surface 31 c is moved by means of the drive 45 of the scanner 44 with a predetermined force F. The scanner 44 finally contacted the workpiece surface 31 c and is pressed against them with the force F. By means of the path measuring system 45, the position of the measuring axis 46a and, therefrom, the distance between the cutting head 10 and the workpiece surface 31c are determined.

Zur Eichung der Messeinrichtung 39 können zwei Referenzflächen mit bekannter Lage zueinander vorgesehen sein. Die erste Referenzfläche wird vom Abtaster 44 z. B. nach dem Aufstarten der Steuerung kontaktiert. Aus dem Weg, welchen der Schneidkopf 10 dann braucht, bis er durch Absenken die zweite Referenzfläche berührt, lässt sich die vertikale Relativposition zwischen Abtaster 44 und Schneidkopf 10 bestimmen.To calibrate the measuring device 39, two reference surfaces can be provided with a known position to each other. The first reference surface is z. B. contacted after starting the control. Out of the way, which the cutting head 10 then needs, until it is lowered touches the second reference surface, the vertical relative position between the scanner 44 and cutting head 10 can be determined.

Die permanente Abstandsmessung mittels des Abtasters 44 erlaubt eine Regelung der Anpresskraft zwischen Taster und Werkstück 31, um so den Arbeitsabstand des Werkzeuges aktiv zu beeinflussen. Einem Schwingen und Aufschwimmen des Werkstückes 31 kann auf diese Weise entgegengewirkt werden. Somit wird gewährleistet, dass der Fokuspunkt bzw. Tool-Center-Point, der dem Schnittpunkt von Drehachse 24 und Schneidkopfachse 25 entspricht, exakt in der Werkstückoberfläche 31 c gehalten wird.The permanent distance measurement by means of the scanner 44 allows control of the contact force between the probe and the workpiece 31 so as to actively influence the working distance of the tool. Swinging and floating of the workpiece 31 can be counteracted in this way. This ensures that the focal point or tool center point, which corresponds to the intersection of rotation axis 24 and cutting head axis 25, is held exactly in the workpiece surface 31c.

Diese Messeinrichtung 39 gewährleistet eine aktive Abtastung, welche unter anderem folgende Vorteile aufweist:

  • Grundsätzlich können mittels der Messeinrichtung 39 etwaige Unebenheiten in der Werkstückoberfläche 31 c genau erfasst werden. Dies erlaubt eine Nachführung des Schneidkopfs 10, indem seine vertikale Lage entsprechend angepasst wird, um so den Abstand zwischen Werkstückoberfläche 31 c und dem Schneidkopf 10 konstant zu halten.
This measuring device 39 ensures active scanning, which has, inter alia, the following advantages:
  • Basically, by means of the measuring device 39 any unevenness in the workpiece surface 31 c can be detected accurately. This allows a tracking of the cutting head 10 by its vertical position is adjusted accordingly, so as to keep the distance between the workpiece surface 31 c and the cutting head 10 constant.

Die vertikale Lage eines Werkstückes 31 kann sich aufgrund von Schwingungen, welchen das Werkstück 31 und/oder eine Werkstückauflage während des Betriebes unterworfen ist, verändern. Durch die bewegungsabhängige Anpresskraft des Abtasters 44 an die Werkstückoberfläche 31 c, wird das Werkstück 31 in seiner Lage stabilisiert und dadurch eine genaue Abstandseinhaltung ermöglicht.The vertical position of a workpiece 31 may change due to vibrations to which the workpiece 31 and / or a workpiece support is subjected during operation. Due to the movement-dependent contact pressure of the scanner 44 to the workpiece surface 31 c, the workpiece 31 is stabilized in its position, thereby enabling accurate distance compliance.

Insgesamt ermöglicht die aktive Abtastung der Messeinrichtung 39 eine präzise Abstandsregelung, was schliesslich ein präzises Positionieren des Schneidkopfs 10 und somit ein präzises Schneiden erlaubt. Typischerweise kann der Abstand mit einer Genauigkeit bestimmt werden, die im Bereich von 100 Mikrometer oder sogar 50 Mikrometer liegt.Overall, the active scanning of the measuring device 39 allows a precise distance control, which finally allows a precise positioning of the cutting head 10 and thus a precise cutting. Typically, the distance can be determined with an accuracy that is in the range of 100 microns or even 50 microns.

Bei der in den Fig. 10a und 10b dargestellten Vorrichtung ist eine Aufstellvorrichtung für den Schneidkopf 10 vorgesehen, mittels welcher der Schneidkopf 10 von einer geneigten Stellung um den vorgegebenen Winkel α in eine normal zur Werkstückoberfläche 31 c Stellung überführbar ist.In the in the 10a and 10b a device for the cutting head 10 is provided, by means of which the Cutting head 10 from an inclined position by the predetermined angle α in a normal to the workpiece surface 31 c position can be transferred.

Das Aufstellen des Schneidkopfs 10 ermöglicht z. B. auf einer Maschine, an der beispielsweise zwei 2D-Köpfe und zwei Schwenkköpfe montiert sind, die Schwenkköpfe wie normale 2D-Köpfe zu verwenden. Damit können Werkstücke 31 im Vierkopfbetrieb geschnitten werden, da ein gleichzeitiger Betrieb von 2D-Köpfen und Schwenkköpfen aufgrund deren abweichenden Geschwindigkeitsprofilen der Schneidpläne normalerweise nicht möglich ist.The erection of the cutting head 10 allows z. On a machine where two 2D heads and two swivel heads are mounted, for example, to use the swivel heads as normal 2D heads. Thus, workpieces 31 can be cut in four-head operation since simultaneous operation of 2D heads and swivel heads is normally not possible due to their differing speed profiles of the cutting plans.

Des Weiteren ist das Aufstellen des Schneidkopfs 10 zum Schneiden von kritischen Konturabschnitten, wie z.B. spitzen Ecken oder von kleinen Radien, vorteilhaft. Der Schneidkopf 10 wird hierfür vor dem betreffenden Abschnitt aufgestellt und wie ein herkömmlicher 2D-Kopf benutzt.Furthermore, setting up the cutting head 10 is for cutting critical contour portions, such as e.g. sharp corners or small radii, advantageous. For this purpose, the cutting head 10 is set up in front of the relevant section and used like a conventional 2D head.

Die Aufstellvorrichtung 51 umfasst eine Aufstelleinrichtung, mit welcher der Schneidkopf 10 relativ zur Halterung 11 um den Winkelbetrag des Winkels α verschwenkbar ist.The positioning device 51 comprises an erection device, with which the cutting head 10 is pivotable relative to the holder 11 by the angular amount of the angle α.

Die Aufstelleinrichtung umfasst eine Führung 52 und ein Pneumatikzylinder als Betätigungselement 56. Die Führung 52 ist in der Halterung 11 vorgesehen, von deren Zentrum in Richtung des radial äusseren Randes verlaufend und jeweils endseitig begrenzt. Der Schwenkkopf 10 ist mittels des Betätigungselementes 56 von einer geneigten Stellung in eine parallel zur Drehachse 24 ausgerichteten Stellung überführbar.The positioning device comprises a guide 52 and a pneumatic cylinder as the actuating element 56. The guide 52 is provided in the holder 11, extending from its center in the direction of the radially outer edge and each end. The swivel head 10 can be transferred by means of the actuating element 56 from an inclined position into a position aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 24.

Wenn der Schneidkopf sich in der geneigten Stellung gemäss Fig. 10a befindet, steht dieser in dieser Stellung vorteilhaft an dem der Drehachse 24 abgewandten Ende 53 der Führung 52 an. In der aufgestellten Stellung, welche in Fig. 10b dargestellt ist, ist die Schneidkopfachse 25 parallel zur Drehachse 24 ausgerichtet. Die Schneidkopfachse 25 weist somit zu der Drehachse 24 eine Ausrichtung von 0 Grad auf und steht somit senkrecht zur Werkstückoberfläche 31 c. Auch das der Drehachse 24 benachbarte Ende 54 der Führung 52 bildet vorteilhaft einen Anschlag für den Schneidkopf 10 aus.When the cutting head is in the inclined position according to Fig. 10a is located in this position advantageous at the end facing away from the axis of rotation 24 53 of the guide 52 at. In the established position, which in Fig. 10b is shown, the cutting head axis 25 is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 24. The cutting head axis 25 thus has an orientation of 0 degrees to the rotation axis 24 and is thus perpendicular to the workpiece surface 31 c. Also, the axis of rotation 24 adjacent end 54 of the guide 52 advantageously forms a stop for the cutting head 10.

Anstelle eines Pneumatikzylinders können auch hydraulische oder elektrische Vorrichtungen als Betätigungselement 56 vorgesehen werden, welche für den Zweck des Aufstellens des Schneidkopfs 10 geeignet sind.Instead of a pneumatic cylinder and hydraulic or electrical devices can be provided as an actuating element 56, which are suitable for the purpose of setting up the cutting head 10.

Bei der in der Fig. 11 dargestellten Variante umfasst die Aufstellvorrichtung 61 eine Kippachse 62, welche durch den Fokuspunkt verläuft bzw. diesen überlagert. Der Träger 12' ist zweiteilig ausgebildet und umfasst ein Fixteil 12a sowie ein relativ zum Fixteil 12a um den Winkelbetrag des Winkels α kippbares Schwenkteil 12b. Das Schwenkteil 12b ist entsprechend an dem Fixteil 12a gelagert, damit beim Verkippen der Fokuspunkt 27 nicht verschoben wird. Die Kippachse 62 verläuft senkrecht zur Drehachse 24. In der aufgestellten Stellung des Schneidkopfs 10, wie sie in der Fig. 11 dargestellt ist, ist die Schneidkopfachse 25 senkrecht zur Werkstückoberfläche 31 c und die Drehachse 24 in Bezug auf die Schneidkopfachse 25 um den Winkel α geneigt ausgerichtet. Um diese Ausrichtung des Schneidkopfs 10 zu erreichen, wird der noch geneigte Schneidkopf 10 zuvor um die Drehachse 24 auf eine definierte Position gestellt. Beim Kippen des Schwenkteils 12b werden gleichzeitig auch die auf diesem Schwenkteil 12b angeordneten Elemente, wie die Halterung 11, das Winkelstück 17, das Drehgelenk 19 sowie die mit diesen verbundenen Leitungen, geneigt.When in the Fig. 11 In the variant shown, the positioning device 61 comprises a tilting axis 62, which runs through the focal point or overlays it. The carrier 12 'is formed in two parts and comprises a fixed part 12a and a relative to the fixed part 12a by the angle of the angle α tiltable pivot member 12b. The pivoting part 12b is mounted correspondingly on the fixed part 12a so that the tilting point does not move the focal point 27. The tilting axis 62 is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 24. In the erected position of the cutting head 10, as shown in the Fig. 11 is shown, the cutting head axis 25 is perpendicular to the workpiece surface 31 c and the rotation axis 24 with respect to the cutting head axis 25 by the angle α inclined. In order to achieve this alignment of the cutting head 10, the still inclined cutting head 10 is previously placed about the rotation axis 24 to a defined position. When tilting the pivot member 12b at the same time arranged on this pivot member 12b elements, such as the holder 11, the angle 17, the pivot 19 and the lines connected to these, inclined.

Beide Varianten der Aufstellvorrichtung 51 und 61 können manuell oder CNC-gesteuert sein. Vorteilhaft ist, dass der Winkel zur Drehachse 24 bei beiden Ausführungsvarianten des aufstellbaren Schneidkopfs 10 nicht stufenlos einstellbar ist, sondern nur zwei Positionen des Schneidkopfs 10 einstellbar sind, einerseits 0 Grad zur Drehachse 24 und andererseits der vorgegebene Winkel α zur Drehachse 24, welcher dem maximalen Anstellwinkelwinkel des Schneidkopfs 10 entspricht. Die Winkelkorrektur am Werkstück 31 wird weiterhin über die relative Ausrichtung des Schneidkopfs 10 bzw. der Halterung 11 in Bezug auf die Schneidrichtung eingestellt. Die Einstellung der 0 Grad-Position entspricht einer Abschaltung der Winkelfehlerkompensationsfunktion.Both variants of the erector 51 and 61 may be manual or CNC controlled. It is advantageous that the angle to the axis of rotation 24 in both embodiments of the erectable cutting head 10 is not infinitely adjustable, but only two positions of the cutting head 10 are adjustable, on the one hand 0 degrees to the axis of rotation 24 and on the other hand the predetermined angle α to the axis of rotation 24, which the maximum Angle of attack of the cutting head 10 corresponds. The angular correction on the workpiece 31 is further adjusted by the relative orientation of the cutting head 10 and the holder 11 with respect to the cutting direction. The setting of the 0 degree position corresponds to switching off the angle error compensation function.

Bei der in Fig. 12 gezeigten Variante ist in der Öffnung 15 der Halterung 11 ein Lager 66 vorgesehen, in welchem der Schneidkopf 10 drehbar um seine Schneidkopfachse 25 in der Halterung 11 aufgenommen ist. Diese zusätzliche Lagerung bringt zwar eine Verringerung der Systemgenauigkeit mit sich, lässt aber andererseits den Entfall eines als Hochdruckdrehlager ausgebildeten Drehgelenks 19 und eines Zwischengelenks 1 zu, da der Schneidkopf 10 und die mit ihm verbundene Hochdruckleitung 18' von der Drehbewegung um die Drehachse 24 entkoppelt werden. Durch eine Drehung der Halterung 11 um die Drehachse 24 entsteht eine Taumelbewegung des Schneidkopfes 10 um die Drehachse 24. Die Hochdruckleitung 18' weist zumindest bereichsweise eine Flexibilität auf, durch die ein Ausgleich über einen Winkelbereich von -α bis +α möglich ist. Die verdrehfreie Bewegung des einlassseitigen Endes 10a des Schneidkopfs 10 kann durch die Flexibilität einer Rohrspirale oder langen Rohrrute aufgenommen werden.At the in Fig. 12 shown variant, a bearing 66 is provided in the opening 15 of the holder 11, in which the cutting head 10 is rotatably received about its cutting head axis 25 in the holder 11. Although this additional storage brings with it a reduction in system accuracy, but on the other hand allows the elimination of a designed as a high-pressure rotary pivot 19 and an intermediate joint 1, since the cutting head 10 and its associated high pressure line 18 'are decoupled from the rotational movement about the axis of rotation 24 , By a rotation of the holder 11 about the axis of rotation 24, a wobbling movement of the cutting head 10 about the rotation axis 24. The high pressure line 18 'has at least partially a flexibility through which a compensation over an angular range of -α to + α is possible. The rotational movement of the inlet end 10a of the cutting head 10 can be accommodated by the flexibility of a pipe coil or long pipe rod.

Die Funktionsweise in Bezug auf die Winkelkorrektur ist bei dieser Variante identisch mit der Funktionsweise der vorgenannten erfindungsgemässen Lösungen.The operation with respect to the angle correction is identical in this variant with the operation of the aforementioned inventive solutions.

Aus der vorangehenden Beschreibung sind dem Fachmann zahlreiche Abwandlungen zugänglich, ohne den Schutzbereich der Erfindung zu verlassen, der durch die Ansprüche definiert ist.From the foregoing description, numerous modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims.

Das Vorsehen einer drehbaren Halterung 11, an welcher ein Schneidkopf 10 gehalten ist, sowie das Vorsehen eines Antriebes 45 zum Andrücken eines Abtasters 44 an die Werkstückoberfläche 31 c sind zwei verschiedene Massnahmen, die auch unabhängig voneinander angewendet werden können, um einen präziseren Schnitt beim Wasserstrahlschneiden zu ermöglichen. Beispielsweise kann die hier dargestellte Schneidvorrichtung mit einer üblichen Messeinrichtung 39 versehen sein, oder die hier dargestellte Messeinrichtung mit aktiver Abtastung kann bei einer üblichen Schneidvorrichtung angewendet werden.The provision of a rotatable support 11, on which a cutting head 10 is held, as well as the provision of a drive 45 for pressing a scanner 44 to the workpiece surface 31 c are two different measures that can also be applied independently to a more precise cut in water jet cutting to enable. For example, the cutting device shown here may be provided with a conventional measuring device 39, or the active scanning measuring device shown here may be applied to a conventional cutting device.

Anstelle einer Messeinrichtung 39 mit einer mechanischen Abtastung kann z. B. auch eine Messeinrichtung mit einer Ultraschall-, Laser- oder kapazitiven Abtastung verwendet werden. Eine weitere Variante wäre ein Verfahren, bei dem die Lage des Werkstückes 31 im Raum definiert wird und das durch geeignete Kalibriervorgänge den Abstand von Schneidkopf 10 zu Werkstück 31 sicherstellt. So könnte auf den Einsatz einer Messeinrichtung mit einer Abtastung verzichtet werden.Instead of a measuring device 39 with a mechanical scanning z. B. also a measuring device with an ultrasonic, laser or capacitive sensing can be used. Another variant would be a method in which the position of the workpiece 31 is defined in space and ensures the distance from the cutting head 10 to workpiece 31 by suitable Kalibriervorgänge. So could be dispensed with the use of a measuring device with a scan.

Die Schneidvorrichtung ist an alle Arten des Wasserstrahlschneidens anpassbar. Insbesondere für das Schneiden mittels Reinwasserstrahl oder Wasserabrasivinjektorstrahl ist die Vorrichtung besonders geeignet.The cutting device is adaptable to all types of water jet cutting. In particular, for the cutting by means of pure water jet or Wasserabrasivinjektorstrahl the device is particularly suitable.

Die Halterung 11 braucht nicht unbedingt so ausgebildet zu sein, dass sie um einen Vollwinkel von 360 Grad oder mehr drehbar ist. Je nach Anwendungszweck kann auch eine Drehung um einen kleineren Winkelbereich, z.B. 90 Grad oder 180 Grad um die Drehachse 24 ausreichend sein.The holder 11 does not necessarily have to be formed to be rotatable by a full angle of 360 degrees or more. Depending on the application, a rotation around a smaller angular range, e.g. 90 degrees or 180 degrees about the axis of rotation 24 be sufficient.

Der Schneidkopf 10 kann auch so an der Halterung 11 gehalten sein, dass der Neigungswinkel α einstellbar ist. Dies kann z.B. mittels eines linear wirkenden Antriebs erfolgen, der auf den Schneidkopf 10 wirkt. Bezugszeichenliste 1 Zwischengelenk 30,a-c Wasserstrahl 1a Einlass 31 Werkstück 1b Auslass 31a Schnittkante 2 Zuführleitung 31b zweite Schnittkante 3 Ring 31c Werkstückoberfläche 4 Verbindungsleitung 32 Nutzteil 5 Deckelelement 33 Abfallteil 6 Trichterelement 7 Spalt 39 Messeinrichtung 8 Stütze 40 Stange 9 Seitenplatte 41 Doppelpfeil 10 Schneidkopf 42 Verbindungsteil 11 Halterung 43 Ausleger 12 Träger 44 Abtaster 12a Fixteil v. 12' 45 Antrieb 12b Schwenkteil v. 12' 45a Stellachse v. 45 13 Antrieb 46 Wegmesssystem 14 Zahnriemen 46a Messachse v. 46 15 Öffnung in 11 51 Aufstellvorrichtung 17 Winkelstück 52 Langloch-Führungsbohrung 18 Rohr 53 Ende v. 52 19 Drehgelenk 54 anderes Ende v. 52 20 Anschlussrohr 56 Betätigungselement 24 Drehachse 25 Schneidkopfachse 61 Aufstellvorrichtung 26a-c Innenkanäle v. 19/20, 17, 10 62 Kippachse 27 Schnittpunkt 66 Lager in 15 The cutting head 10 can also be held on the holder 11, that the inclination angle α is adjustable. This can be done for example by means of a linear-acting drive, which acts on the cutting head 10. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES </ b> 1 intermediate joint 30, ac waterjet 1a inlet 31 workpiece 1b outlet 31a cutting edge 2 feed 31b second cutting edge 3 ring 31c Workpiece surface 4 connecting line 32 payload 5 cover element 33 waste part 6 funnel member 7 gap 39 measuring device 8th support 40 pole 9 side plate 41 double arrow 10 cutting head 42 connecting part 11 bracket 43 boom 12 carrier 44 sampler 12a Fixed part v. 12 ' 45 drive 12b Swiveling part v. 12 ' 45a Adjusting axle v. 45 13 drive 46 displacement measuring system 14 toothed belt 46a Measuring axis v. 46 15 Opening in 11 51 set-up 17 elbow 52 Slotted guide bore 18 pipe 53 End of v. 52 19 swivel 54 other end v. 52 20 connecting pipe 56 actuator 24 axis of rotation 25 Cutting head axis 61 set-up 26a-c Inner channels v. 19/20, 17, 10 62 tilt axis 27 intersection 66 Warehouse in 15

Claims (15)

  1. A device for the water-jet cutting of a workpiece (31), with a cutting head (10), a holder (11), which is rotatable about a rotational axis (24) and on which the cutting head (10) is held, wherein the cutting head (10) has a focussing tube (10b) with an outlet opening (10c) for a water jet (30), wherein the cutting head (10) is aligned along a cutting head axis (25) inclined at an angle (α) with respect to the rotational axis (24), wherein
    a measuring apparatus (39) with a detection means for detecting the distance between the cutting head (10) and a workpiece surface (31c) of the workpiece (31) is provided, characterised in that
    the cutting head axis (25) is inclined by means of a control at a predetermined angle (α), wherein the intersection of rotational axis (24) and cutting head axis (25) with respect to the rotational axis (24) is located at the same axial height as the axial height of the workpiece surface (31c) of the workpiece (31) detected by the detection means of the measuring apparatus (39).
  2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the intersection of rotational axis (24) and cutting head axis (25) is spaced from the outlet opening (10c) and is located below the same with respect to the exit direction of the water jet (30).
  3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the holder (11) together with the cutting head (10) can be rotated by at least 90 degrees, preferably by at least 180 degrees and particularly preferably by at least 360 degrees, advantageously on a circular path about the rotational axis (24).
  4. The device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the detection means of the measuring apparatus (39) comprises a regulated scanner (44), which has an end which can be brought up against the workpiece surface (31c) of the workpiece (31).
  5. The device according to one of the preceding claims, with a drive (13) for rotating the holder (11), which has a drive axle (15), which is preferably arranged parallel to the rotational axis (24) of the holder (11).
  6. The device according to one of the preceding claims, with an intermediate articulation (1), via which abrasive material can be conveyed to the cutting head (10), wherein the intermediate articulation (1) has an inlet (1a) and an outlet (1b), which can be rotated relatively thereto, wherein the intermediate articulation (1) optionally has a funnel-shaped gap (7) between the inlet (1a) and outlet (1b).
  7. The device according to one of the preceding claims, with a hinge (19), which has an inlet (20) and an outlet (18), which can be rotated relatively thereto and is connected to the cutting head (10), wherein the rotational axis of the hinge (19) coincides with the rotational axis (24) of the holder (11).
  8. The device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a bearing (66) is provided between the cutting head (10) and an opening (15) in the holder (11), so that the cutting head (10) is mounted in the holder (11) such that it can rotate freely about the cutting head axis (25).
  9. The device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a positioning device (51; 61) is provided for the cutting head (10), by means of which the cutting head (10) can be transferred from an inclined position through the predetermined angle (α) into a position aligned normal to the workpiece surface (31c).
  10. The device according to claim 9, characterised in that the positioning device (61) comprises a tipping axis (62), about which the holder (11), including the cutting head (10), can be tipped through the angle value of the angle (α), wherein the tipping axis (62) advantageously runs perpendicularly to the rotational axis (24), or
    the positioning device (51) comprises a positioning apparatus, using which the cutting head (10) can be pivoted relatively to the holder (11) through the angle value of the angle (α), wherein
    the positioning apparatus advantageously has a guide (52) and an actuating component (56), wherein the guide (52) is provided in the holder (11), runs from the centre thereof in the direction of the radially outer edge and is delimited at the end in each case, and wherein the cutting head (10) can be transferred from an inclined position into a position aligned parallel to the rotational axis (24) by means of the actuating component (56).
  11. A machine for water-jet cutting, which has the components of the device according to one of claims 1 to 10.
  12. A method for the water-jet cutting of a workpiece (31), with a cutting head (10), which is held on a holder (11), which is rotatable about a rotational axis (24), and also has a focussing tube (10b) with an outlet opening (10c) for a water jet (30), wherein the cutting head (10) is aligned along a cutting head axis (25) inclined at a predetermined angle (α) with respect to the rotational axis (24),
    and with a measuring apparatus (39), which comprises a detection means for detecting the distance between the cutting head (10) and a workpiece surface (31c) of the workpiece (31), wherein
    the cutting head axis (10) is moved to the workpiece surface (31c) of the workpiece (31) by means of a control as a function of the measured distance in such a manner, that the intersection of rotational axis (24) and cutting head axis (25) is located on the workpiece surface (31c) of the workpiece (31) facing the cutting head (10).
  13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the distance between cutting head (10) and workpiece surface (31c) is detected by means of a scanner (44) as detection means of the measuring apparatus (39), which is pressed against the workpiece surface (31c) in a regulated manner, wherein
    the scanner (44) is advantageously pressed against the workpiece surface (31c) by means of a force-controlled drive (13), in order to ensure the working distance, wherein further advantageously
    the distance between cutting head (10) and workpiece surface (31c) is detected during the machining of the workpiece (31) and the scanner (44) is guided in such a manner that the distance lies in a predetermined range.
  14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the cutting head (10) can be rotated by at least 90 degrees, preferably by at least 180 degrees and particularly preferably by at least 360 degrees about the rotational axis (24).
  15. A method for machining a workpiece (31), in which a device according to one of claims 1 to 10, a machine according to claim 11 and/or a method according to one of claims 12 to 14 is used.
EP10714077.4A 2009-03-31 2010-03-31 Device and method for water-jet cutting Active EP2414134B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00520/09A CH700798A1 (en) 2009-03-31 2009-03-31 Apparatus and method for water jet cutting.
PCT/IB2010/051409 WO2010113127A2 (en) 2009-03-31 2010-03-31 Device and method for water-jet cutting

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2414134A2 EP2414134A2 (en) 2012-02-08
EP2414134B1 true EP2414134B1 (en) 2014-08-20

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CH (1) CH700798A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2524360T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2010113127A2 (en)

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CN102152242B (en) * 2010-12-28 2013-06-05 北京理工大学 Composite motion attitude magnetic jet polishing device
AT515942B1 (en) * 2014-08-29 2016-01-15 Stm Stein Moser Gmbh Sensor of a water jet cutting device
DE102016116512A1 (en) 2016-09-03 2018-03-08 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method and device for machining a workpiece
CN110821959A (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-21 香港城市大学深圳研究院 Device for treating roller bearing outer ring raceway
CN108972719B (en) * 2018-08-14 2024-05-14 镇江高等职业技术学校 Multi-angle adjusting device for numerical control water jet
CN112140002A (en) * 2020-09-29 2020-12-29 杨秉霖 Multi-shaft energy-saving water jet cutting equipment
EP4245460A1 (en) * 2022-03-17 2023-09-20 Uhde High Pressure Technologies GmbH Processing machine, in particular a plate processing machine, and method for operating a processing machine

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US4854091A (en) * 1987-11-16 1989-08-08 Flow Industries, Inc. Abrasive swivel assembly and method
DE4440631C2 (en) * 1994-11-14 1998-07-09 Trumpf Gmbh & Co Method and processing machine for beam cutting workpieces using at least two cutting beams
DE59711571D1 (en) * 1996-12-21 2004-06-03 Zeiss Carl Method for controlling coordinate measuring machines and coordinate measuring machine
US20020066345A1 (en) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-06 Shepherd John D. Waterjet edge cut taper controlling method
US6766216B2 (en) * 2001-08-27 2004-07-20 Flow International Corporation Method and system for automated software control of waterjet orientation parameters
US7464630B2 (en) * 2001-08-27 2008-12-16 Flow International Corporation Apparatus for generating and manipulating a high-pressure fluid jet
ATE320889T1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2006-04-15 Karl-Heinz Schmall WATER JET CUTTING MACHINE WITH NON-CONTACT AND OPTIONAL TACTILE DISTANCE GUIDANCE SENSOR DEVICE
US6922605B1 (en) 2003-10-10 2005-07-26 Omax Corporation Automated fluid-jet tilt compensation for lag and taper
US7331842B2 (en) * 2004-08-19 2008-02-19 Flow International Corporation Contour follower for tool
US8540552B2 (en) * 2007-04-24 2013-09-24 Techni Waterjet Pty Ltd Water jet cutting machine

Also Published As

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ES2524360T3 (en) 2014-12-05
WO2010113127A2 (en) 2010-10-07
WO2010113127A3 (en) 2010-12-29
CH700798A1 (en) 2010-10-15
EP2414134A2 (en) 2012-02-08

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