EP2413287A1 - Bildverarbeitungsverfahren und Vorrichtung für unmittelbare Wiederholung - Google Patents

Bildverarbeitungsverfahren und Vorrichtung für unmittelbare Wiederholung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2413287A1
EP2413287A1 EP20110405287 EP11405287A EP2413287A1 EP 2413287 A1 EP2413287 A1 EP 2413287A1 EP 20110405287 EP20110405287 EP 20110405287 EP 11405287 A EP11405287 A EP 11405287A EP 2413287 A1 EP2413287 A1 EP 2413287A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
virtual
camera
view
video
keyframe
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Granted
Application number
EP20110405287
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2413287B1 (de
Inventor
Christoph Niederberger
Stephan Würmlin Stadler
Remo Ziegler
Richard Keiser
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Vizrt AG
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LIBEROVISION AG
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Priority to EP11405287.1A priority Critical patent/EP2413287B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T13/00—Animation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
    • G06T15/10—Geometric effects
    • G06T15/20—Perspective computation
    • G06T15/205—Image-based rendering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
    • H04N5/2224—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment related to virtual studio applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of digital video image processing. It relates to an image processing method and device for instant replay as described in the preamble of the corresponding independent claims.
  • Such a server allows, for example, to record a number of simultaneously incoming video streams and to store them, and to output one or more video output streams consisting of one of the input streams, either live or processed. Processing may comprise the replay of a recorded video sequence, slow motion replay, still images, creating annotated or enhanced version of such sequences and images, etc.
  • An important feature of such a video server is that it supports the production of such replays instantly, that is, within at most just a few seconds or minutes after an interesting situation has occurred. It is in this way that the term "instant" is to be understood throughout the following text.
  • the computer-implemented image processing method is for instant replay for the automatic generation of video sequences from a televised event, wherein at least one source camera provides a source image sequence of a scene.
  • the pose and optical settings of the camera defining a view of the camera and are described by a set of camera parameters.
  • the method comprises the steps of, in an online phase of the method,
  • the invention combines known elements with newly established methods in order to provide a total system that, given a single selection of a point in time, and without depending on any further user interaction, generates a virtual view and creates a complete virtual flight from an actual, real view into the virtual view and back again into the original or another real view.
  • the capability to completely automate the generation of a virtual view and a virtual flight path and an associated video stream without user interaction forms the basis for further preferred embodiments.
  • User interaction is preferably introduced for choosing among alternative analysis types, views or flight paths. This type of user interaction (i.e. choosing from a given set of options) is very fast and does not stand in the way of instant replay.
  • one or more virtual views are generated automatically and presented to a user for selection. The user can review and select the different views at a glance.
  • the virtual flights may be generated together with the virtual views, or, after a particular virtual view has been selected, for that view.
  • the movement of the scene is frozen during the virtual flight into and out of the virtual view (stopped time).
  • the virtual IN flight into the virtual view shows the movement of the scene during the time leading up to the keyframe point (and similarly for the virtual OUT flight after the keyframe point).
  • Such animated virtual flights can be created by following the same decision process (for selecting keyframe(s) and optionally cameras) as for a stopped time virtual flight. The main difference is that the virtual flight is not generated from a small set of images - a single keyframe, in the extreme - but from one or more video sequences representing the scene during the IN and OUT flight.
  • the pose that is the position and orientation (or viewing direction) of a real or virtual camera, and optical parameters of the camera, such as viewing angle and/or zoom factor, etc.... is described by a set of camera parameters. Given these parameters, a view of the scene is defined. The view may change over time as the camera parameters change by the camera, e.g., panning, zooming, moving.
  • the view in the context of video processing, corresponds to a video stream or to a single image or frame of a video stream. Important frames that may be singled out are called keyframes.
  • the virtual camera flight path defines a change of the virtual view from the first view to the selected virtual view and then back to the first view.
  • the first and the second views are identical.
  • the second view differs from the first view.
  • the invention provides for a fast user interaction and supports fast user decision with minimal tum-around time.
  • the step of automatically computing one or more sets of virtual camera parameters comprises the steps of
  • the classification corresponds to an analysis type that is to be performed for the situation being observed.
  • the system may furthermore automatically determine different perspectives or views for a given scene, for example, a bird's eye view (for tactical analysis), an offside view, a player's view (for shot analysis), a goalkeeper's view, etc.
  • the system then renders the corresponding one or more views and displays them to the user as potentially interesting virtual views (PIVV), allowing him to select one. If no classification is available.
  • the system may generate views from a set of predefined standard view types for selection by the user.
  • the method further comprises the following steps being executed in a preparatory phase preceding the online phase
  • the different classes of foreground objects typically correspond to different teams in a game. and also ro a referee, ball, goalposts, etc. Storing the fixed camera parameters reduces the online effort to estimate the changing camera parameters.
  • the method further comprises the following step being executed in a preparatory phase preceding the online phase
  • the method further comprises, in the preparatory phase, inputting information about playing directions of the teams.and time information associated therewith, specifiying the time during which the playing direction is valid. This allows to correctly identify or analyse playing situations. For example, knowing the playing direction and knowing which side of the playing field the camera is looking at, the players in an offside situation can be classified as being on the attacking or defending team, and the offside line can be placed accordingly without user interaction.
  • At least two source image sequences from at least two source cameras are being processed.
  • foreground objects extracted from one of the source image sequences are automatically identified with foreground objects of the one or more remaining source image sequences, and automatically, without user interaction, the position of these foreground objects in the scene is determined.
  • This step thus achieves what can be called “multicamera object detection” without user assistance - which speeds up the correct location of individual objects/players and the analysis of a situation based thereon.
  • the following steps are executed for automatically determining the first view and the second view:
  • one of the source cameras is designated as being a leading camera, and the source camera that is used for least one of the first and second views according to the viewing direction of the leading camera is selected automatically, preferably by selecting said source camera to be a camera that is located on the side of the leading camera towards which the leading camera is looking. This step eliminates the need for a user to select a second camera by hand.
  • the leading camera is looking to the right, this indicates that the scene of interest is on the right side of the playing field (as seen from the leading camera), then the or a source camera located to the right of the leading camera is chosen as one of the two cameras from or to which the virtual camera flight path leads.
  • the other one of these two cameras can be the leading camera or again another camera, if available.
  • This embodiment allows for a large flexibility when using the system, but reduces the user interaction to just the selection of one from a set of options.
  • the graphical representation can be for each flight path, a set of images from along the virtual flight path, or just a symbolic representation of the cameras involved in the flight path, for example "A-B", “A-A”, “B-A” for flight paths from camera A to camera B, etc. Since the options are displayed visually, the choice can be made intuitively and very quickly.
  • the choice may be input to the system by selecting the desired choice with a pointing device, or by hitting a dedicated input key associated with the choice.
  • the steps of generating the complete virtual camera flight paths and then for rendering the virtual video stream may be - depending on time and available computing power - effected before the user's choice is input, allowing the user to view a preview video of the result. Or they may be effected while the user is presented with the choice.
  • the system may compute some or all video streams in advance, while it waits for the user's input, discarding those video streams that are not needed later on. Or the selected video stream may be computed only after the choice has been made.
  • the virtual replay unit does not offer a rigid decision tree for selecting cameras, virtual views and flight path variants. Rather, a number of variants of flight paths or key views representing different choices is maintained as long as possible, allowing an operator or director etc. further freedom of choice.
  • the one or more intermediate key views can be generated from an existing virtual camera flight path
  • the virtual replay unit maintains and updates a model of at least the background of the scene based on the images taken at another time than the keyframes, with the source cameras pointing in another direction. The virtual replay unit then uses this time-shifted information to fill in the missing image information pertaining to the background.
  • the step of generating a virtual camera flight path comprises the steps of: when interpolating the set of virtual camera parameters maintaining in the sequence of views of the virtual flight path a smooth movement of a stationary or moving point of interest in the scene.
  • the point of interest is the point that a viewer is expected to look at, such as the location of the ball or the centre of activity of the players visible in the image (e.g. as determined by the centre of locations of all visible players on the field).
  • View and flight path generation can be summarily viewed as an optimisation problem taking into account
  • the method further comprising the step of, if no selected virtual view or no satisfying virtual camera flight path is determined by the virtual replay unit or chosen by the user, then generating an enhanced still image from the reference keyframe or one of the further keyframes, and subsequently using the enhanced still image in place of the virtual video stream.
  • the enhancement can be, for example an offside line inserted in the image.
  • Both such a still image and also a virtual video sequence from a virtual flight and the video sequences concatenated with the virtual video sequences may comprise further image enhancement elements such as markings for key players, arrows showing distances or direction of movement etc.
  • image enhancement elements such as markings for key players, arrows showing distances or direction of movement etc.
  • such elements are displayed seamlessly as the concatenated sequence changes from real to virtual sequences and back.
  • the method comprises the steps of generating a concatenated video sequence comprising, in this order.
  • the virtual video sequence is combined with real video sequences to form a seamless composite or concatenated sequence which links the virtual (still or animated) flight to the real sequences.
  • the method is implemented by means of a video server interacting with a virtual replay unit.
  • the video server is configured to record and store video input streams and is controllable to output video output streams made up of incoming and stored video input streams.
  • the virtual replay unit is configured to generate, from the one or more keyframes corresponding to different views of the scene at the same point in time, the virtual video stream. The method comprises the steps of
  • the video server and the virtual replay unit are separately transportable and operatable devices, which allows them to be used alone in different localities or in combination as the need arises.
  • the virtual replay unit controls the video server to transmit to the virtual replay unit the one or more keyframes (i.e. the reference keyframe and the optional further keyframes) and one of the following two groups of steps is performed:
  • the video server transmitting to the virtual replay unit the one or more keyframes; and the video server controls the virtual replay unit to compute the virtual video stream, preferably by triggering the virtual replay unit to do so, and one of the following two groups of steps is performed:
  • controlling corresponds to the triggering of an action or computation, or to the issuing of control commands by a controlling entity, with the execution of the commands taking place in the entity being controlled.
  • a computer program product for the image processing for instant replay according to the invention is loadable into an internal memory of a digital computer, and comprises computer program code means to make when said computer program code means is loaded in the computer, the computer execute the method according to the invention.
  • the computer program product comprises a non-transitory computer readable medium, having the computer program code means recorded thereon.
  • the virtual replay unit comprises one or more programmable computer data processing units and is programmed to input one or more keyframes, to perform the steps of the method according to the invention, and to output at least one virtual video stream generated according to said method.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a configuration of video generating and processing units observing a scene.
  • One or more source cameras 9, 9' are arranged to observe a scene 8 such as a group of players on a playing field.
  • the playing field and other stationary elements are considered to be the background, the players are considered as moving real world objects 14.
  • Each source camera 9, 9' generates a source video stream, or, more generally, a source image sequence 10, 10' which is input as a video input stream 21 to a video server 15 and is stored in a storage unit 16, typically in digital form on a hard disk or equivalent non-volatile storage device.
  • a interface unit 19 is represented as controlling the virtual replay unit 13 and the video server 15.
  • the interface unit 19 may be a control console dedicated mainly to the operation of the video server 15. with certain dedicated control commands being sent directly to the virtual replay unit 13 or being forwarded by the video server 15 to the virtual replay unit 13.
  • two physically distinct interface units 19 are provided for the virtual replay unit 1 and video server 15. If the virtual replay unit 13 has its own interface unit 19, then the virtual replay unit 13 may be contigured to issue dedicated commands to control the video server 15. the commands being generated automatically by the virtual replay unit 13 and/or based on user input at its interface unit 19.
  • the video server 15 is usually equipped to generate video output streams 22, and the virtual replay unit 13 is usually equipped to generate its own video stream output 24. These video streams are displayed on video display devices 18 and/or transmitted via a transmitter 17.
  • the virtual replay unit 13 conceptually adds one or more virtual cameras 11 to the scene 8, and creates virtual images and virtual video streams of the scene 8 as seen from locations where no physical source cameras 9, 9' are present, based on the source image sequences 10, 10'.
  • a camera may thus be one of one or more the physical source cameras 9, 9' observing a scene 8, or a virtual camera 11.
  • the virtual images and video streams correspond to virtual views of the scene 8.
  • the virtual views are described by virtual camera parameters.
  • a virtual camera flight path 20 is a sequence of virtual views and can be described by a change (or course or trajectory) of virtual camera parameters over (simulated) time and defines a movement of the virtual camera 11.
  • camera calibration The process of determining the camera parameters of physical cameras, as they change over time is called camera calibration. In principle, this can be done by measuring the parameters by dedicated hardware. In practice, calibration is preferably done based on the camera's video stream alone, by using, for example, a combination of
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the concatenation of video sequences from different video streams: Given the stored source image sequences 10, 10', individually labelled as a, b, c, d, an operator selects a frame from one of the source image sequences 10, 10', thereby also selecting a corresponding point in time or keyframe point tk. The selected frame is called reference keyframe. Frames from the other source image sequences 10, 10' taken at the same time shall be called further keyframes.
  • Video streams are denoted by a, b, c, d. Individual frames are denoted by a_t, b_t, etc. where t is the time at which the frame was recorded.
  • the time (or keyframe point in time) is denoted by tk.
  • Video sequences that is, short (several seconds or minutes) continuous subsections of a video stream, are denoted by aS1, cS2, V (left half of Fig. 2 ).
  • the virtual replay unit 13 generates a virtual video stream (V) as seen from the virtual camera 11 and preferably combines this with an introductory video sequence aS1 leading up to the keyframe point, and a subsequent video sequence cS2 continuing for a short time after the keyframe point (right half of Fig. 2 ).
  • the virtual video stream V corresponds to a movement of the virtual camera 1 1 from the pose of one source camera 9 to another source camera 9'. along a virtual camera flight path 20.
  • the movement of the virtual camera 1 I preferably takes place with the movement of the real world objects 14 being stopped, i.e. the virtual views generated along the virtual camera flight path 20 all show the scene 8 at the same point in time (the keyframe point). Furthermore, the movement of the virtual camera 11 preterably stops at one or more stop points along the virtual camera flight path 20, which results in a still image of the scene 8 as seen from these stop points at the keyframe point in time.
  • the virtual view can be enhanced, e.g. by the automatic or manual insertion of markers. characteristic lines (such as offside line first down line. etc.) annotations generated by a commentator, etc.
  • Fig. 3-6 schematically show different configurations for interacting virtual replay unit and video server.
  • the video server 15 receives the video input streams 21 and generates video output streams 22.
  • the virtual replay unit 13 receives at least the keyframes a_tk, c_tk, and in some configurations also entire video sequences aS1, cS2. It does so through either a video (stream) input 23 that is connected to one of the video output streams 22, or through a communication link 25 which may, for example, be Ethernet based.
  • the virtual replay unit 13 is configured to control the video server 15 via a first control link 26.
  • the virtual replay unit 13 comprises a replay unit control interface 28 (which may also be identical to or part of the interface unit 19 described in relation with Fig. 1 ) which serves at least for triggering the generation of an instant replay sequence for a selected keyframe point.
  • Control commands transmitted over the first control link 26 then cause the video server 15 to transmit one or more keyframes a_tk, c_tk, ... from selected video input streams 21.
  • the virtual video stream V has been generated by the virtual replay unit 13. according to the preferred embodiment of the invention of Fig.
  • the virtual replay unit 13 issues further commands over the first control link 26 to have the video server 15 send the introductory video sequence aS1 and the subsequent video sequence cS2 to the virtual replay unit 13, which then concatenates them with the virtual video stream V as explained above and provides the combined sequence at its video stream output 24.
  • the virtual replay unit 13 sends the virtual video stream V through its video stream output 24 to the video server 15. and controls the video server 15 by means of the first control link 26 to effect the concatenation with the introductory video sequence aS 1 and the subsequent video sequence cS2 stored in the video server 15.
  • the video server 15 is configured to control the virtual replay unit 13 via a second control link 27.
  • the video server 15 comprises a server control interface 29 (which may also be identical to or part of the interface unit 19 described in relation with Fig. 1 ) which serves at least for triggering the generation of an instant replay sequence for a selected keyframe point.
  • Control commands transmitted over the second control link 27 then cause the virtual replay unit 13 to process the one or more keyframes a_tk, c_tk, ... received from the video server 15.
  • the virtual video stream V has been generated by the virtual replay unit 13, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention of Fig.
  • the video server 15 issues further commands over the second control link 27 to have the virtual replay unit 13 receive the introductory video sequence aS 1 and the subsequent video sequence cS2 sent by the video server 15 and to concatenate them with the virtual video stream V as explained above, and to provide the combined sequence at its video stream output 24.
  • the virtual replay unit 13 automatically or triggered through the second control link 27, sends the virtual video stream V through its video stream output 24 to the video server 15.
  • the video server 15 then effects the concatenation with the introductory video sequence aS 1 and the subsequent video sequence cS2 stored in the video server 15.
  • Fig. 7 shows a flow diagram of the method according to the invention, with the steps of: inputting (71) a user input, retrieving (72) the reference keyframe, automatically computing (73) one or more sets of virtual camera parameters, branching execution if (74) more than one set of virtual camera parameters has been computed, selecting (75) one of the sets, generating (76) a virtual camera flight path, rendering (77) a virtual video stream, and storing or transmitting (78) the virtual video stream.
  • Fig. 8 shows the structure and the main data flow of a virtual replay unit 1 3 implementing the method according to the invention, with an input unit 81.
  • an image acquisition unit 82 a parameter computing unit 83, a selecting unit 84 using an optional user selection input 84a.
  • the virtual replay unit 13 is operably connected to a video server 15. Then the keyframe definition can be realized in the following manner:

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • Studio Circuits (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
EP11405287.1A 2010-07-29 2011-07-18 Bildverarbeitungsverfahren und Vorrichtung für unmittelbare Wiederholung Active EP2413287B1 (de)

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