EP2413173A1 - Präzise optische Halterung - Google Patents

Präzise optische Halterung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2413173A1
EP2413173A1 EP11175638A EP11175638A EP2413173A1 EP 2413173 A1 EP2413173 A1 EP 2413173A1 EP 11175638 A EP11175638 A EP 11175638A EP 11175638 A EP11175638 A EP 11175638A EP 2413173 A1 EP2413173 A1 EP 2413173A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
primary
optical element
curvature
spherical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11175638A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2413173B1 (de
Inventor
Lovell E. II Comstock
Michael D. Lathrop
Bruce H. Myrick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Corning Inc
Original Assignee
Corning Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Inc filed Critical Corning Inc
Publication of EP2413173A1 publication Critical patent/EP2413173A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2413173B1 publication Critical patent/EP2413173B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/022—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses lens and mount having complementary engagement means, e.g. screw/thread
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0605—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
    • G02B17/061—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

Definitions

  • This invention generally relates to optical component mounting and more particularly relates to a mount for an optical element in an apparatus that requires as many as five degrees of freedom for component positioning.
  • optical apparatus Among the requirements for proper redirection and shaping of light within an optical apparatus is the requirement that lenses, mirrors, and other optical components have a desired spatial orientation with respect to each other. Many optical assemblies require precision mounting techniques to assure alignment between components with up to five degrees of freedom.
  • An example is a Cassegrain telescope where the primary mirror and a secondary mirror need to be precisely aligned to each other.
  • the same problem is faced with similar catoptric or all-reflective telescope designs and with catadioptric optical systems that employ a mix of reflective and refractive components, as well as more generally with objective lenses and components designed using similar optical principles.
  • a number of optical apparatus take advantage of the reduced image aberration and other benefits that are available with substantially monocentric or concentric designs. This principle is used in optical apparatus designed using Cassegrain, Offner, and Schwartzchild models, familiar to those skilled in the optical design arts.
  • Figure 1 shows an arrangement of optical components modeled after a Schwartzchild design and used to form a microscope objective 10.
  • a secondary mirror 14 is spaced apart from a primary mirror 12. Both the concave primary and the convex secondary mirrors, 12 and 14 respectively, have substantially the same center of curvature C.
  • An aperture hole A is formed in the center of primary mirror 12, providing a path for collimated light to secondary mirror 14.
  • a "spider" support the term commonly used for a mechanical mount with an arrangement of legs or struts that project radially outward from the secondary mirror to a supporting structure.
  • the legs or struts of the spider support are typically fastened along the inner walls of the housing.
  • the spider support can suspend the secondary mirror from a support structure that is provided for the primary mirror or from points on the inner periphery of the primary mirror, as shown, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 7,274,507 entitled "Two-Mirror Telescope with Central Spider Support for the Secondary Mirror” to Stenton et al.
  • a known technique for device fabrication is to machine the primary mirror surface, a flange orthogonal to the optical axis, and a pilot diameter in one operation.
  • the spider support is then similarly machined to mount on the flange and fit the pilot diameter to a tolerance to assure proper alignment to maintain optical performance.
  • tolerances typically require special measurement equipment, and the machined components can be subject to unwanted binding or "galling" at assembly.
  • an optical apparatus comprising:
  • the optical element mount disclosed herein uses spherical mating surfaces at the interface between the spider support and primary optical element, allowing a measure of adjustment with five degrees of freedom.
  • An advantage of the optical apparatus of the present invention is that it provides a fixed center point for rotation of the mount during assembly and alignment, an arrangement that improves optical performance and reduces or eliminates the need to adjust for decentration.
  • optical apparatus in embodiments of the present invention is that its element mount allows an adhesive bond between the spider support and the primary mirror without requiring additional bond-gap tolerance for adhesive thickness. Another advantage relates to simplicity of alignment for multiple concentric optical components in an assembly.
  • optical apparatus relates to fabrication using single-point diamond turning.
  • top and bottom are relative and do not indicate any necessary orientation of a surface, but are used simply to refer to and distinguish opposite surfaces for a component or block of material.
  • a reflective surface is used interchangeably with the term “mirror”.
  • a reflective surface can be formed from a number of different materials, including metals and dichroic and metal coatings, for example.
  • two curved surfaces are considered to have "substantially concentric" curvature when their respective centers of curvature are the same or are separated by no more than about 5% of the radius of the larger curvature.
  • the term "usable aperture” or "clear aperture” has its meaning as understood by those skilled in the optical arts and relates to that portion of an optical component or system that defines the intended light path for the system or component. Given this definition, a portion of an optical element or other feature is considered to be outside of the usable aperture when its position in the optical system imposes no constraint on the ray angles intended for useful light traveling through the system.
  • FIG. 2 the schematic diagram of Figure 2 , the relationship of primary mirror 12 to the usable or clear aperture is shown. Looking inward toward microscope objective 10, it can be appreciated that the intended light path for light reflected back from secondary mirror 14 covers an inner portion U of primary mirror 12, with the boundary of inner portion U indicated by a dashed circle. Given this arrangement, a peripheral portion P of the surface of primary mirror 12 is considered to lie outside of the usable aperture. As is described in more detail subsequently, embodiments of the present invention employ this area outside the usable aperture as a mounting datum.
  • the optical apparatus of the present invention can be adjusted for five degrees of freedom, allowing at least some measure of component movement in x and y directions and allowing some amount of rotation about any of the x, y, and z axes. Motion along the z axis (parallel to the optical axis O) is constrained.
  • Figures 3A , 3B , and 3C show the effects of tilt and decentration in the optical path.
  • tilt of spherical secondary mirror 14 about center of curvature C may have little or no effect on the handling of light in the optical path.
  • the center of curvature C remains substantially the same for both mirrors 12 and 14 and focus is maintained. Tilt beyond a certain angle would cause vignetting; however, some amount of tilt of this type can be tolerated with a spherical reflector.
  • tilt of spherical secondary mirror 14 about a vertex point on the mirror surface can have more serious consequences and can degrade performance of the optical system.
  • the incident light can be misdirected by the system optics and may not come to focus as intended.
  • this type of tilt can effectively re-locate the center of curvature for secondary mirror 14, compromising the intended symmetry of the optical arrangement.
  • Decentration effectively shifts the position of center of curvature C' for spherical secondary mirror 14 relative to center of curvature C for primary mirror 12.
  • Embodiments of the present invention address the positioning problem for concentric and substantially concentric systems by providing a mount that has interface surfaces with a curvature that is at least substantially concentric with surfaces of the optical components.
  • the apparatus and methods of the present invention allow the position of center of curvature C to remain fixed, minimizing or eliminating problems due to tilt and decentration as shown in Figures 3B and 3C .
  • rotation is permitted only about the fixed center of curvature C.
  • FIG. 4 Referring to the front view of Figure 4 and to the sectioned side views of Figures 5A and 5B , there is shown an optical apparatus 20 in the form of a microscope objective following the Schwarzschild design.
  • a primary optical element 22 is a mirror having a spherical optical surface 34.
  • An optional baffle 26, shown in the embodiment of Figure 5A and not in the embodiment of Figure 5B is formed as an insert that fits within aperture hole A.
  • a mount 24 in the form of a spider support has a number of leg sections 28, three leg sections 28 that extend radially outward in the embodiment shown, and suspends a secondary mirror as a secondary optical element 30, spaced apart from the surface of primary optical element 22.
  • Both the primary center of curvature for the reflective surface 34 of primary optical element 22 (with radius R1 in Figures 5A and 5B ) and the secondary center of curvature for the reflective surface of secondary optical element 30 (with radius R2) are at C, or substantially at C.
  • secondary optical element 30 is an aspherical surface
  • the mathematically computed best-fit sphere to this surface has its center of curvature substantially at C.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show the interface between mount 24 and surface 34 of primary optical element 22 in more detail.
  • Each leg section 28 that extends outward from mount 24 terminates in a spherical mating surface 32 that rests against peripheral portion P of surface 34 on primary optical element 22.
  • peripheral portion P lies outside the usable aperture of primary optical element 22.
  • peripheral portion P is that portion of the surface of primary optical element 22 that lies to the outside of a dashed circle Q.
  • spherical mating surface 32 has a mating surface of curvature C" that is substantially concentric with both the primary and secondary centers of curvature at C. With this arrangement, the curvature of spherical mating surface 32 matches that of spherical surface 34. With reference to the exploded view of Figure 6A , the same radius R1 is used for curvature of both mating surfaces.
  • mount 24 With identical curvature of mating surfaces, simply placing mount 24 manually into position, with spherical mating surfaces 32 of mount 24 in contact against peripheral portion P of surface 34, can provide a sufficiently close coarse positioning of mount 24 and its supported secondary optical element 30. Only minor adjustment is then needed to correct for slight misalignment and for centering the optical components.
  • spherical surface 34 of primary optical element 22 must extend beyond the usable aperture, as was described previously with reference to Figure 2 .
  • the mirrored surface 34 of primary optical element 22 is simply extended past the usable aperture when the part is formed. It can be appreciated that there may be advantages in fabrication cost and complexity by forming the complete curved surface first, then further treating or otherwise conditioning only that portion of spherical surface 34 that is actually used as a mirror.
  • a recurring problem with optical assemblies relates to adhesion and variation in bond-line thickness that can contribute to inaccurate positioning.
  • Enlarged detail B in Figure 6B shows an adhesion feature that is provided in embodiments of the present invention for simplifying the alignment and adhesion process and for helping to minimize or eliminate bond-line variability.
  • an O-ring 40 is formed by features that lie along the intersection of mating surface 32 of leg 28 and peripheral portion P.
  • Adhesive such as RTV (Room-Temperature Vulcanizing) silicone or other suitable material is then injected along the intersection of mating surface 32 and peripheral portion P or otherwise applied along O-ring 40 to lock the assembled components into position relative to each other. This bonding method provides shear strength over a considerable area.
  • Adhesive bonding in this manner has a number of advantages over conventional mechanical bonding methods using fasteners, for example. It is instructive to note that the use of O-ring 40 or a similar alignment feature can reduce adhesion requirements at mating surfaces 32.
  • a material deposited within O-ring 40 can be an adhesive or, alternately, can be a sealant, filler, or other material that solidifies within the space and has at least sufficient adhesion for securing mating surface 32 of mount 24 along peripheral portion P. In some cases, forming a solid that must be sheared to allow separability can be sufficient for securing mount 24 to primary optical element 22. While O-ring 40 is shown having a circular diameter in Figure 6B , an alignment feature having an elliptical or other cross-sectional shape may offer additional advantages.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may also include peripheral alignment features, such as a detent or indent as a seating guide, that help to simplify both initial alignment of mount 24 to primary optical element 22 and adhesion of mount 24 into position once aligned.
  • peripheral alignment features such as a detent or indent as a seating guide
  • Optical apparatus 20 can be formed from any of a number of types of materials, including metal, plastic, glass, or ceramic materials, for example. Optical coatings and other treatments can be used to form or to condition optical surfaces of the apparatus, using processes and techniques familiar to those skilled in the optical component fabrication arts.
  • embodiments of the present invention form optical apparatus 20 by forming primary optical element 22 having a concave spherical surface with a curvature of a predetermined radius and having peripheral portion P, suspending secondary optical element 30 so that it is spaced apart from primary optical element 22 by forming mount 24 that comprises a number of leg sections 28, wherein each leg section 28 terminates in a mating surface 32 that has a convex spherical curvature of the predetermined radius. Mating surfaces 32 seat against the peripheral portion P of primary optical element 22.
  • Precision single point diamond machining or diamond turning is one method that can be well-suited to the fabrication of a microscope objective as described herein.
  • Single-point diamond turning permits optical surfaces, mounting surfaces, and alignment features to be created in a common operation, assuring precise relationships.
  • a pre-formed blank is first molded or machined, then diamond-turned to provide the required mating-surface precision.
  • Other possible fabrication options include molding, laser machining, and additive fabrication methods, for example.
  • the primary optical element could have a convex rather than a concave curvature.
  • the primary optical element can include multiple components.
  • the secondary optical element could be essentially flat, such as an array of light modulating elements or sensors, a filter, a grating, a polarizer, or other component.
  • the secondary optical element is integrally formed into the mount in one embodiment, such as a mirror element that is machined as part of the spider support. In an alternate embodiment, the secondary optical element is coupled to the mount during assembly, such as using an adhesive or mechanical coupling.
  • optical element mount that simplifies the complexity and expense of component alignment, particularly for concentric optical components.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mounting And Adjusting Of Optical Elements (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)
EP11175638.3A 2010-07-27 2011-07-27 Präzise optische Halterung Not-in-force EP2413173B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/844,351 US8139289B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2010-07-27 Precision optical mount

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2413173A1 true EP2413173A1 (de) 2012-02-01
EP2413173B1 EP2413173B1 (de) 2018-08-22

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EP11175638.3A Not-in-force EP2413173B1 (de) 2010-07-27 2011-07-27 Präzise optische Halterung

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US (1) US8139289B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2413173B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5809472B2 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT520499A1 (de) * 2017-10-12 2019-04-15 Swarovski Optik Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer fernoptischen Vorrichtung
CN112530328A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-19 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 悬浮显示装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10341397B2 (en) * 2015-08-12 2019-07-02 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Non-transitory computer readable medium, information processing apparatus, and information processing system for recording minutes information
CN108152913B (zh) * 2017-12-14 2023-12-08 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 一种镜筒及调整主次镜同轴度的方法

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FR2129839A1 (de) * 1971-03-16 1972-11-03 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale)
EP0453755A1 (de) * 1990-03-20 1991-10-30 ESCHENBACH OPTIK GmbH + Co. Stark vergrösserndes achromatisches Linsensystem
US6055111A (en) * 1997-06-27 2000-04-25 Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. Plastic lens and method of making a plastic lens
US20040174619A1 (en) * 2001-08-18 2004-09-09 Carl Zeiss Smt Ag Adjustment arrangement of an optical element
US7274507B2 (en) 2005-11-09 2007-09-25 Raytheon Company Two-mirror telescope with central spider support for the secondary mirror

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FR2129839A1 (de) * 1971-03-16 1972-11-03 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale)
EP0453755A1 (de) * 1990-03-20 1991-10-30 ESCHENBACH OPTIK GmbH + Co. Stark vergrösserndes achromatisches Linsensystem
US6055111A (en) * 1997-06-27 2000-04-25 Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. Plastic lens and method of making a plastic lens
US20040174619A1 (en) * 2001-08-18 2004-09-09 Carl Zeiss Smt Ag Adjustment arrangement of an optical element
US7274507B2 (en) 2005-11-09 2007-09-25 Raytheon Company Two-mirror telescope with central spider support for the secondary mirror

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT520499A1 (de) * 2017-10-12 2019-04-15 Swarovski Optik Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer fernoptischen Vorrichtung
AT520499B1 (de) * 2017-10-12 2021-10-15 Swarovski Optik Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer fernoptischen Vorrichtung
CN112530328A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-19 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 悬浮显示装置
CN112530328B (zh) * 2020-11-30 2022-12-16 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 悬浮显示装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2413173B1 (de) 2018-08-22
US8139289B2 (en) 2012-03-20
JP2012032814A (ja) 2012-02-16
US20120026581A1 (en) 2012-02-02
JP5809472B2 (ja) 2015-11-11

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