EP2411860A1 - Appareil laser à cinq faisceaux, à nivellement automatique - Google Patents

Appareil laser à cinq faisceaux, à nivellement automatique

Info

Publication number
EP2411860A1
EP2411860A1 EP10703175A EP10703175A EP2411860A1 EP 2411860 A1 EP2411860 A1 EP 2411860A1 EP 10703175 A EP10703175 A EP 10703175A EP 10703175 A EP10703175 A EP 10703175A EP 2411860 A1 EP2411860 A1 EP 2411860A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
beams
laser device
sources
optical unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10703175A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Zimmermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2411860A1 publication Critical patent/EP2411860A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/64—Imaging systems using optical elements for stabilisation of the lateral and angular position of the image
    • G02B27/646—Imaging systems using optical elements for stabilisation of the lateral and angular position of the image compensating for small deviations, e.g. due to vibration or shake
    • G02B27/648—Imaging systems using optical elements for stabilisation of the lateral and angular position of the image compensating for small deviations, e.g. due to vibration or shake for automatically maintaining a reference alignment, e.g. in self-levelling surveying instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
    • G01C15/004—Reference lines, planes or sectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-leveling five-beam laser device.
  • Such devices are used in the industry, craft, and home improvement industries for alignment, measurement, and alignment tasks.
  • the beams project measurement points onto walls and / or objects, creating a horizontal plane and vertical planes.
  • Such five-point or five-beam laser devices are already known and commercially available.
  • US 6,542,304 shows a beam splitter for a laser marking device having a central passage around which four are inclined at 45 ° to a
  • Laser beam inclined reflective surfaces are located, which are arranged in the beam axis to each other by 90 ° rotation offset.
  • the beam of a single laser source can be divided into five laser sub-beams, which span a spatial orthogonal system.
  • US 5,617,202 discloses the possibility of beam splitting by means of mirrors or semitransparent mirrors.
  • a self-leveling five-beam laser device which has three laser sources, wherein two laser beams generated by the laser sources are divided into two sub-beams. In each case one of the partial beams intersects with the axis of the beam of the third laser source in one point.
  • five-beam laser device means that this device emits five laser beams, which correspond to five axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian (or orthogonal) coordinate system.
  • the coordinate system is preferably oriented so that three of the rays from the origin of the coordinate system (ie
  • Point of intersection in three of the four main directions of the horizontal show and two rays are in the vertical, ie are directed upwards or downwards.
  • the floor and the ceiling can be projected, which can be used to measure the room or as other reference variables.
  • the term "five-beam” means that five beams are generated internally and includes that these beams can also be fan-shaped when leaving the laser device, for example, by a DOE (as described later).
  • the power of the laser in the laser devices is limited to certain classes, such as laser class 2 or 2M according to DIN EN 60825-1.
  • laser class 2 or 2M according to DIN EN 60825-1.
  • the greatest possible power is desirable in order to achieve the brightest possible projection points.
  • divisions of the beam of the laser source (s) are disadvantageous, as this also the brightness of each individual projection point is reduced.
  • the use of one laser source per beam would thus be advantageous, but this results in problems with the cost-effective production and space-saving spatial arrangement of the individual laser with the corresponding optical elements (such as collimating lenses).
  • the division of the laser beams in each case two axially identical and antiparallel partial beams is performed.
  • Roof mirrors are optical elements that can be manufactured inexpensively and with high accuracy. Their two mirror surfaces, which are at an angle of 90 ° to each other and are aligned at an angle of 45 ° to the corresponding laser beam, direct the laser beam into sub-beams with a change in direction of 90 °.
  • the two partial beams run exactly in the opposite direction.
  • a division via a prism is possible. Due to the described deflection, the rays are on the same axis. As a result, accurate measurement results based on the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system is possible, which is spanned by the laser beams. All beams are thus free of angular errors and offset in relation to the coordinate system.
  • the three laser sources are arranged with their longitudinal axes parallel to the axis.
  • Laser sources their rays in the same direction.
  • the three laser sources with their optical elements lie directly adjacent to one another. This is on the one hand space-saving.
  • the electrical connections of the individual laser sources (or laser diodes) are directly next to each other. This facilitates the electrical wiring. Because the direction of the
  • Connection pins of all laser diodes is the same, (where the angular orientation is partly rotated by 90 ° because of the elliptical beam expansion), it is, for example, possible to contact the terminals of the laser diodes directly on a single board.
  • Another advantage of the illustrated embodiment with three lasers is that the laser sources can be separated and / or jointly switched on and off via electrical switching elements. Since the laser devices are usually powered by a battery with energy, unnecessary laser sources can be switched off. Due to the design, only independent beams, ie not the partial beams, can be switched separately. Thus, the frontal beam can be switched on or off separately from the horizontal beam pair and also separated from the vertical beam pair.
  • Partial beams through a diffractive optical element led.
  • DOE diffractive optical element
  • At least one of the laser beams or the sub-beams may be passed through a square or rectangular aperture.
  • the laser beam is masked by simple means, so that by diffraction in the projection at e.g. create a wall horizontally and vertically arranged secondary maxima, which generate a coordinate system.
  • This masking is preferably used in the beam of the third laser source, that is, in the laser source whose beam is not split, but is also applicable to each of the other laser (partial) rays.
  • At least one of the laser beams to be split is guided through a (circular) diaphragm for circular masking.
  • the laser sources are preferably laser diodes, there is a known problem that the laser diodes generate a beam which is oval in cross-section. By means of said masking, a round beam is generated from the oval beam cross section. Due to the masking, only the central area of the beam, ie the area with its highest intensity, is forwarded and used. This causes the projected laser spots to also have uniform and uniform intensity.
  • the laser sources are designed as laser diodes and it is provided in each case a collimating lens in the beam path. The aperture for circular masking is arranged between laser diode and collimating lens.
  • the diaphragm for circular masking with the collimating lens are combined to form an assembly.
  • This integration significantly simplifies assembly, as only the assembly needs to be inserted into the optical unit block and it is automatically centered coaxially with the laser. For adjustment, only the angular position of the roof mirror, so the direction of deflection of the mirror must be adjusted.
  • the self-leveling is achieved via an inner optical unit which is mounted against a carrier unit of the five-beam laser device by means of two mutually perpendicular and preferably horizontally oriented bearing axes.
  • This storage is in principle a universal joint, which can also be referred to as a universal joint. Due to smooth-running ball bearings, the effect of static friction is reduced, so that even with slight skew of the laser device, the inner optical unit can oscillate, so that automatically align the laser beams horizontally or vertically.
  • the bearing axes are preferably offset by 90 ° to each other.
  • the bearing cross does not have to be symmetrical, i. be executed at equal distances from the cross center to the bearing points.
  • a function reversal is also possible, so that, for example, in one of the axes the universal joint has no bearing axis but a bearing sleeve in which a ball-bearing and rotationally fixed to the optical unit axis is added.
  • the universal joint has no bearing axis but a bearing sleeve in which a ball-bearing and rotationally fixed to the optical unit axis is added.
  • Self-leveling also by a hanging attachment, such as. Via a rope as inelastic as possible or a unitary chain element with twisted chain eyes, o.a. be achieved.
  • Damping coupled to the outer housing via a vibration damping and the vibration damping is designed in particular as an eddy current brake.
  • Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of the five-beam laser device with his
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section (vertical section) through the laser device along two of the laser diodes
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the masking of the laser beams and FIG. 7 shows alternative embodiments.
  • Fig.l shows the self-leveling five-beam laser device (short: laser device) 1, which is rotatably mounted in a housing on two horizontal axes and self-leveling.
  • laser beams are generated. These are the lower vertical ray 2b which illuminates the floor of the room, the upper vertical ray 2a which illuminates the ceiling of the room.
  • the directions of the horizontal beams 3a and 3b are anti-parallel and between the frontal beam 4 to the horizontal beams 3a and 3b is an angle of 90 °.
  • the self-leveling suspension of the optical unit of the laser device 1 ensures that automatically adjust the said horizontal and vertical directions after, for example, a possible vibration.
  • the internal structure of the laser device 1 is illustrative. There are three laser sources (laser diodes) 21, 41 and 61 are provided. Fig. 3 shows how a respective laser beam is generated by the laser sources 21 and 61 and widens conically up to the collimating lenses
  • a laser beam is generated by the laser source 41 according to FIG.
  • a first roof mirror 25 is inserted, which divides the beam into two horizontal and antiparallel (ie oppositely disposed and on the same axis) beams 3a and 3b. Accordingly, there is a roof mirror 45 in the beam path of the laser diode 41, which divides the beam into two vertical and anti-parallel beams 2a and 2b.
  • the beam of the third laser source 61 leaves the optical unit after passing the collimating lens 62 and the rectangular shutter 69.
  • the laser sources 21 and 61 are shown in Figure 3 in the same horizontal plane and the laser source 41 is located directly below the laser source 61.
  • the roof mirrors 25 and 45 are arranged so that in each case one of the partial beams generated with the beam of the third laser source 61st to hit P in one point.
  • This point P is considered to be the origin of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system spanned by the laser beams.
  • This intersection P is in the open air and not, for example, within an optical element.
  • These five laser beams, that is, the split beams of the laser diodes 21 and 41 and the beam of the laser diode 61 radiate such that they indicate, for example, on the walls of a room in which the laser device is located, the projection of the axes of the coordinate system.
  • This projection can be done by a sharply defined laser spot, as in the case of the beams 3a, 3b and 4, or by a laser beam fanned out as a coordinate cross, as in the case of the
  • the laser diodes 21, 41 and 61 are in direct proximity to each other and they are each provided with an adapter which annularly surrounds the corresponding laser diode and in which the laser diode attached, preferably glued, is.
  • This adapter forms together with the corresponding laser diode each have a laser unit 20, 40 and 60, on which an end face is formed, which is in contact with a laser-side contact surface 11 of the optical unit.
  • the roof mirrors 25 and 45 are defined in their spatial positions so far that they are only to be aligned along its axis of rotation.
  • laterally adjusting surfaces 32 and 52 are integrally formed on the roof mirrors 25, 45, which serve as a contact surface for adjusting the angular position of the roof mirrors 25, 45 along their axes of rotation.
  • the adjustment of the laser beams in the optical unit is very simple, since during assembly, the laser diodes are roughly aligned according to their oval beam expansion (will be explained later) and make the said angle adjustment of the roof mirrors.
  • the design of the optical unit ensures that the angular and spatial positions of the laser units 20, 40 and 60 to each other and to the roof mirrors 25 and 45 is exactly predetermined. Since the optical unit of a metallic material, such as.
  • Die-cast aluminum or die-cast zinc alloy is made Problems of thermal expansion or aging, such as distortion, neglect.
  • the laser device is surrounded on all sides by a housing (not shown), which is provided with windows at the laser exit regions and the laser device is protected from environmental influences, such as e.g. Protects dirt or foreign bodies.
  • the electrical unit is not shown, which is attached to the housing of the laser device and an electrical supply, such. Batteries, some switches to turn the individual laser sources on and off and includes a wiring.
  • the wiring comprises cables which are led from the electrical unit to the inner optical unit, wherein these cables are designed as flexible as possible in order not to influence the self-leveling as possible.
  • the beam of the third laser source 61 is guided via the collimating lens 62 and masked on leaving the optical unit via the rectangular aperture 69.
  • the rectangular aperture 69 has an opening in a rectangular shape, which is smaller than that of the laser beam, so that the exiting laser beam receives a rectangular cross-section.
  • the diffraction at the rectangular aperture 69 results in an interference figure with secondary maxima of the projected laser point.
  • a projected cross from the secondary maxima can be generated on, for example, a building wall, which corresponds to the coordinate system of the laser beams.
  • a square aperture can also be used.
  • the bearing receptacles 8a and 8b of the optical unit illustrated in FIG. 1 accommodate ball bearings and a first bearing axle (not shown) which rotatably supports the optical unit in a first angular position.
  • This first bearing axis is designed as part of a universal joint.
  • the universal joint has a second, rotated by 90 °, bearing axis (not shown), which is mounted via a ball bearing in the housing.
  • the center of gravity of the optical unit is located vertically below the center of the universal joint so that the optical unit can oscillate about two independent directions such that the lasers 3a, 3b and 4 are horizontal.
  • an attenuation in the form of an eddy-current brake is provided.
  • a vortex flow block 90 is attached to the optical unit, which is preferably made of copper.
  • the eddy current block 90 is immediately adjacent and non-contact associated with a fixed to the housing permanent magnet.
  • This permanent magnet comprises a plurality of individual magnets, which are aligned so that a plurality of magnetic field lines are passed through the eddy current block 90.
  • currents are induced in relative movement of eddy current block 90 to the permanent magnet in the eddy current block, whose
  • the axis of the eddy current block 90 is inclined by about 30 ° to the vertical. While for optimal damping effect an alignment of the eddy current block in the vertical (ie 0 °) would be optimal, this alignment results on the one hand, since the eddy current block 90 is not the
  • Area of the lower vertical laser beam 2b may overlap and its weight is used to balance the optical unit 5.
  • Fig. 3 two offset by 90 ° tare screws 84 are shown, which are designed as set screws. By their depth of insertion into the optical unit, so their vertical distance to the first and second bearing axes, the center of gravity of the optical unit can be adjusted so that it is located vertically below the center of the bearing cross of the first and second bearing axis.
  • DOE diffractive optical element 46, 47
  • DOEs are diffractive optical elements in which microstructures are applied to a glass substrate, for example by photolithography. Similar to a lens, different optical path lengths of the sub-beams lead to phase modulations, which generate interference patterns. This makes it possible to project on the laser beam next to coordinate crosses also any pattern or figure.
  • the DOEs 46, 47 may be disposed not only on the laser beams 2a and 2b but also on the other beams of the five beam laser apparatus. Likewise, said rectangular shutter 69 on another than the Frontal beam 4 arranged. The number of DOE 46, 47 or the rectangular apertures 69 can be freely selected.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically the beam splitting by means of roof mirror 45 and the DOE 46. After the beam has passed the collimating lens 42 and was collimated here, it strikes the roof mirror 45 which is aligned centrally with the beam and two mirror surfaces oriented 45 ° to the beam has, which divides the beam into two sub-beams of practically the same intensity and deflects them by 90 ° so that two antiparallel, ie on the same axis in the opposite direction running partial beams arise. Furthermore, FIG. 4 shows a circular shutter 44 which is inserted in the beam path between the laser diode 41 and the collimating lens 42 and delimits the elliptical divergent beam generated by the laser diode 41 into a conical beam. The circular shutter 44 is performed together with the Kollimierlinse 42 as a common assembly, which is in one piece and so in one operation in the
  • Optical element is mountable.
  • the edge of the roof mirror 45, on which the two mirror surfaces merge into one another, is as sharp-edged as possible, that is to say formed with the smallest possible radius so as to minimize the scattering losses.
  • a prism can be used to divide the beam, in which the beam of the laser element 41 falls on a hypotenuse side of the prism designed as a partial mirror, and partly up there (as shown in FIG. 5). distracted and partly taken up in the prism.
  • This recorded beam is mirrored normally on the right front side of the prism, and deflected by another reflection in the prism on the hypotenuse side by 90 °, thus leaving the prism down.
  • the laser beam can be split into two antiparallel beams on the same axis and deflected.
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically on the left side the oval of the laser beam, as it is generated by a laser diode with low power.
  • Laser beams which are generated by laser diodes, namely technically have an oval beam cross-section, which is the more oval, the smaller the laser power.
  • On the right side is the oval of the laser beam of a laser diode with higher
  • FIG. 6 shows that the beams of the lasers are delimited by the circular diaphragm 44 and only a part of them fall onto the roof mirrors 25 or 45 shown as a rectangle in plan view.
  • the diameter of the circular aperture 44 is chosen so that the
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically two further embodiments. While Fig.7a corresponds to the principle of the main embodiment already described, Fig. 7b shows an embodiment in which the laser source emitting the non-split beam is axially displaced so that its beam no longer intersects with the other two beams. However, the axis of the laser beam continues to pass through the intersection.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil laser à cinq faisceaux, à nivellement automatique, présentant trois sources laser (21,61), deux faisceaux laser produits par les sources laser (21) étant chacun subdivisés en deux faisceaux partiels, un des faisceaux partiels coupant le faisceau de la troisième source laser (61) en un point P.
EP10703175A 2009-03-26 2010-01-29 Appareil laser à cinq faisceaux, à nivellement automatique Withdrawn EP2411860A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910001891 DE102009001891B3 (de) 2009-03-26 2009-03-26 Selbstnivellierendes Fünf-Strahl-Lasergerät
PCT/EP2010/051044 WO2010108713A1 (fr) 2009-03-26 2010-01-29 Appareil laser à cinq faisceaux, à nivellement automatique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2411860A1 true EP2411860A1 (fr) 2012-02-01

Family

ID=41820471

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10703175A Withdrawn EP2411860A1 (fr) 2009-03-26 2010-01-29 Appareil laser à cinq faisceaux, à nivellement automatique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9110308B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2411860A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102362212A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009001891B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010108713A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9303990B2 (en) 2014-04-11 2016-04-05 Black & Decker Inc. Laser line generating device
US10598490B2 (en) 2017-05-03 2020-03-24 Stanley Black & Decker Inc. Laser level
EP3425334B1 (fr) * 2017-07-07 2022-09-07 Leica Geosystems AG Niveau laser
CN109520928B (zh) * 2018-11-01 2021-05-18 佛山市威旭玻璃有限公司 一种玻璃块调平装置

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5144487A (en) 1991-09-03 1992-09-01 Pacific Laser Portable laser device for alignment tasks
US5617202A (en) * 1994-05-24 1997-04-01 Levelite Technology, Inc. Diode laser co-linear and intersecting light beam generator
EP0819911B1 (fr) * 1996-07-15 2002-06-12 Tai Tsu Opto Technology Co., Ltd. Instrument optique de mesure de niveau et de la verticale
CA2251515A1 (fr) 1998-11-05 2000-05-05 Michael Park Plan de projecteur
US6542304B2 (en) 1999-05-17 2003-04-01 Toolz, Ltd. Laser beam device with apertured reflective element
US7006298B2 (en) 2004-04-05 2006-02-28 Trimble Navigation Limited Optical system providing four beams from a single source
US7328516B2 (en) 2005-08-05 2008-02-12 Irwin Industrial Tool Company Laser level

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2010108713A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010108713A1 (fr) 2010-09-30
US9110308B2 (en) 2015-08-18
DE102009001891B3 (de) 2010-09-23
CN102362212A (zh) 2012-02-22
US20120182621A1 (en) 2012-07-19

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