EP2400056A1 - Device for processing bearing surfaces of rails using peripheral grinding with adjustable grinding profile - Google Patents

Abstract

The bearing surface machining apparatus has an abrasive frame (4) arranged in a direction transverse to a longitudinal direction of a rail (3). The abrasive frame is arranged to be vertically displaceable to an under-carriage. The position of the abrasive frame is changed in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction by a specific displacement of the abrasive frame.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for machining the running surfaces of rails by peripheral grinding with a rail wheels for driving the rail having chassis and at least one fixed to the chassis, undeliverable to the tread of the rail grinding rack, which individually on each one to the rail longitudinal direction enclosing an acute angle Rotation axis freely rotatably mounted has the grinding wheels for peripheral grinding.

Railroad tracks suffer damage and changes over time caused by the crossing of railway trains at their driving edges and driving surfaces. In addition to cracks and microcracks, this is also a wave formation in the surface of the rails due to material displacement. These damages and changes are corrected eg by grinding. For the processing of the running surface and the driving edge of railroad tracks, grinding with motor driven cup wheels has been used for decades. It is on the curved rail surface, a narrow "track" of about 5-10 mm width processed with the flat side surface of the grinding wheel. This creates a flat grinding surface. The curved contour of the rail head becomes faceted reproduced by grinding several such traces in parallel, each at a slightly different angle. For this purpose, the grinding wheels and their drives are suspended in a frame which allows a suitable pivoting movement over the rail head. In addition, the grinding wheels can be raised and lowered, either to start or to interrupt the grinding process, or to compensate for the progressive wear of the grinding wheels. By controlling the respective removal in each track, the profile of the rail can be selectively changed, or profile errors can be corrected in the rail. When grinding with motor-driven cup wheels only low feed speeds of about 5-7 km / h can be achieved. Since the drive motors usually have a larger diameter than the grinding wheels, the pivoting angle of the grinding station is limited relative to the rail, because at a critical angle, the drives the plane, which is spanned by the rail top edges, pierced and run the risk of railroad crossing or some track switching means collide. Therefore, they must be removed before processing in a complex manner and then reinstalled.

The processing of the rail surface with grinding wheels whose peripheral surface is pressed onto the rail head is much rarer and is today z. B. used in rail milling for reworking milled rails. In such grinding stations, the grinding wheel is also driven by a motor and that for rotation about an axis perpendicular to the rail longitudinal axis. The peripheral surface of the grinding wheel takes after a short time on the curved shape of the rail head, whereby a continuously curved grinding contour without facets is possible. The grinding wheel is as wide as the rail head. A precise control, where the removal is achieved, is as difficult as a targeted change of the rail profile. This is because the grinding wheel takes the form of the rail and not vice versa. The achievable feed rates are even lower than when grinding with cup wheels. For this, the processing takes place profile-free, ie without protruding into the track construction area machine part, the expansion of level crossings and track switching means is therefore not required.

A very new grinding process is the grinding with freely rotating, mounted on a non - motor driven rotary axis, as in the EP 0 708 205 A1 is described. In this case, peripheral grinding bodies are pulled over the rail under an acute angle of 45 ° to 60 ° rotated about the vertical axis without their own drive, whereby they begin to rotate. Due to the inclination takes place between the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel and the rail surface, a relative movement, which triggers a decision of the rail with increasing towing speed. The rail grinding usually takes place at a feed rate in the range of 80 km / h, the power for the drive of the grinding body comes from the traction power. The grinding wheels are arranged in a grinding rack in which they can be raised or lowered and pressed and pressed together in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rail surface. Depending on the size of the contact pressure, the removal varies.

The peripheral surface of the individual abrasive body also adapts to the shape of the rail. Due to the inclination, the contact line of the grinding body with the rail takes on the shape of a long "S". The width of the ground track is in accordance with the cosine of the angle by which the abrasive body is rotated about the vertical axis, narrower than the width of the abrasive body. In order to edit the rail head in full width and in particular the running edge, after an improvement of this method, which in the EP 1 460 176 A1 is described, the grinding wheels arranged in fixed and different orientation in racks and pressed at different points of attack against the rail head. Their contact pressure is according to the contour of the rail profile. In this way, different tracks are processed on the rail head. Even with the improved method, the grinding marks were thus previously set for a grinding rack firmly. One set of grinding wheels in a first grinding rack processes the area of the running edge in this solution and is accordingly pressed from an oblique position, another set of grinding bodies in a second grinding rack independent of the first grinding rack processes the area the driving surface. Here, the abrasive particles are pressed approximately vertically from above on the rail head.

Even with the improved system, it is not possible to adapt the sanding profile to the given requirements. In particular, a correction of the rail profile is not possible. Only by varying the contact pressures can be made to a small degree a vote.

Based on this prior art, it is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device according to the. By the EP 0 708 205 A1 described generic type to the effect that with her a more variable and the requirements adapted editing the treads of rails is possible.

This object is achieved by a device for machining the running surfaces of rails by peripheral grinding with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of this device are mentioned in the dependent claims 2 to 4.

The special feature of the device according to the invention therefore lies in the fact that the grinding frame is not alone, as in the prior art, along a feed direction for feeding the grinding wheels to the rails in transverse to the rail longitudinal direction always the same position or lifting off the Rails is movable, but that a mobility of the grinding frame is now also given that there is the possibility to adjust the position at which attack the grinding wheels located in the grinding frame on the rail surface, transverse to the rail longitudinal direction and thus with a grinding rack and a Arrangement of grinding wheels to set different grinding positions and to create micrographs. Thus, with the improvement according to the invention, it is possible to react specifically to a finding of a rail to be worked with loops, in order to intensively treat, for example, areas with particularly severe injuries or to profile the surface of the profile of the mushroom-shaped rail. In other words, the invention consists in at least one further degree of freedom of movement in the movable mounting of the grinding frame To integrate, in addition to the still required possibility of delivery or lifting this movement component of the sliding frame transverse to the longitudinal direction of the rail and across the vertical, which ultimately leads to a change in the attack position of the abrasive on the rail surface allows.

Further, and this is part of the solution according to the invention, corresponding means for displacing the grinding rack are provided, which should in particular enable automatic position adjustment. Such means may be for example motors, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. Of course, manually operated means such as over fine thread to be adjusted mechanisms are possible, however, automatically adjustable means are clearly preferred because they allow a faster and thus more flexible adjustment of the position of the abrasive on the rail surface and thus the microsection.

It is particularly advantageous if the position at which the grinding bodies engage the running surface of the rails, in a direction transverse to the rail longitudinal direction is continuously variable and the grinding rack is arranged correspondingly displaceable on the chassis to achieve this stepless adjustability.

If the device is further configured as stated in claim 4, namely that the means for displacing the grinding frame are adapted to hold while maintaining a pressing force applied to the grinding frame substantially perpendicular to the surface of the running surface of the rails a movement of the chassis can cause a shift of the grinding rack for changing the transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail seen position at which the grinding wheels engage the tread of the rails, can be made with advantage during a processing crossing and without stopping the device, an adjustment of the processing areas For example, to react to special damage, injuries or changes in the rail in locally different positions or to make a reprofiling of the rail profile can.

In practice, the device for machining the running surfaces of rails according to the invention will not only have a sanding frame, but typically at least one per over-run rail of the track in order to be able to grind both rails in one machining operation. Furthermore, not only a grinding rack with grinding bodies arranged thereon will be provided per rail, but at least two, possibly even more, to work with each of the grinding racks a different grinding track on the rail surface and thus in one pass the entire running surface of the rail (ie inclusive the lying in the transition to the side regions of the rail driving edges and lying on the top of the rails running surfaces).

With the device according to the invention, in summary, has the particular advantage that, unlike the previously known, generic devices not a rigid and unchangeable grinding image, which could be changed slightly by varying the pressing forces alone, but rather a high A degree of variation is possible to adapt the grinding pattern to the respective requirements and thus to allow an even more optimal grinding of the rails in the generic method own high processing speed.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the reference, schematic figures.

Fig. 1

eine der Fig. 5 der EP 0 708 205 A1 entsprechende Prinzipdarstellung einer gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten der Laufflächen von Schienen nach dem Stand der Technik;

Fig. 2

Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Situation gemäß einer verbesserten Variante des gattungsgemäßen Standes der Technik nach der EP 1 460 176 A1 mit in unterschiedlicher Ausrichtung voreingestellten, in ihrer Ausrichtung nicht veränderbaren Schleifgestellen;

Fig. 3

eine Darstellung des fest vorgegebenen Schliffbildes, wie es mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 erreicht wird;

Fig. 4

eine Prinzipdarstellung der erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung;

Fig. 5a

bis c unterschiedliche Ansichten einer ersten möglichen Ausführungsform zur Realisierung der verschiedenen Bewegungsmöglichkeiten;

Fig. 6a

bis c eine zweite Ausführungsform zur Realisierung der unterschiedlichen Bewegungen des Schleifgestells;

Fig. 7a

bis c eine dritte Ausführungsform der unterschiedlichen Bewegungsmöglichkeiten; und

Fig. 8a

bis c eine vierte Ausführungsform der unterschiedlichen Bewegungsund Positionierungsmöglichkeiten.

Showing:

Fig. 1

one of the Fig. 5 of the EP 0 708 205 A1 corresponding schematic diagram of a generic device for machining the running surfaces of rails according to the prior art;

Fig. 2

Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the situation according to an improved variant of the generic prior art according to the EP 1 460 176 A1 with preset in different orientation, in their orientation unchangeable grinding racks;

Fig. 3

a representation of the fixed predetermined grinding pattern, as it is with a device according to Fig. 2 is achieved;

Fig. 4

a schematic diagram of the inventive design;

Fig. 5a

to c different views of a first possible embodiment for realizing the various movement possibilities;

Fig. 6a

to c, a second embodiment for realizing the different movements of the grinding rack;

Fig. 7a

to c, a third embodiment of the different possibilities of movement; and

Fig. 8a

to c, a fourth embodiment of the different movement and positioning options.

In FIG. 1 is initially in a representation according to the FIG. 5 of the EP 0 708 205 A1 a section of a device for machining the running surfaces of rails by peripheral grinding by means of oblique position due to the resulting frictional force driven during driving abrasive body shown. For a more detailed explanation of the operation of this method, which is also the embodiment of the invention is based on the EP 0 708 205 A1 and the representation given there, this is - as far as nothing else is described below - also for the inventive development validity.

In this known, in FIG. 1 shown in the side view device according to the prior art are on a chassis 1, which is connected to wheels 2, which roll along a rail 3, arranged per rail a total of two grinding racks 4. In these grinding racks 4 5 rotating grinding wheels 6 are arranged freely rotatable on axes of rotation, here five grinding wheels per grinding rack 4. The arrangement of the grinding wheels 6 is such that the rotational axes 5 form an acute angle to the longitudinal extent of the rail 3. The grinding racks 4 are arranged vertically adjustable on the chassis 1 of the device along a single possible direction of movement, so that they can be lowered along this direction of movement, which can also be referred to as a delivery direction, and set against the rail 3. In the lowered position then, as shown for the grinding frame 4 shown on the left in the figure, the grinding wheels 6 abut with a peripheral surface 7 on a running surface 8 of the rail 3. In the figure to the right, the sanding frame 4 is shown in a raised state. In the lowered and employed to the rail 3 state, the grinding frame 4 is applied with suitable, unspecified means here, directed against the tread 8 pressing force to press the grinding wheel 6 against the tread 8 of the rail 3. Now, when the device moves over the rail 3 at a speed v along the direction shown in the associated arrow, due to the friction, a rotation of the grinding wheels 6 results, which leads to a grinding action and abrasive machining of the running surface 8 of the rail 3.

In Fig. 2 are two variants in a view across the track shown schematically, as shown in the EP 1 460 176 A1 as a progression to the original in the EP 0 708 205 A1 disclosed idea. In this case, grinding wheels 6 were provided for processing a rail 3 arranged in separate grinding racks one behind the other, which are pressed against the rail surface in different feed and engagement positions viewed transversely to the rail longitudinal direction so as to obtain a combined grinding pattern and grinding along sliding paths offset transversely to the rail longitudinal direction , In Fig. 2 The positions of the grinding racks 4 arranged one behind the other in the device are shown diagrammatically next to one another on the surface of the rails 3. It can be seen that an advancing movement of the grinding rack 4 and thus the grinding wheel 6 only along a single degree of freedom, here takes place along a direction indicated by the double arrow D respectively direction. Accordingly, there is no possibility to change the setting position of the grinding wheel 6 for a grinding rack 4, a change in the grinding pattern could at best be achieved by varying the contact pressure.

In Fig. 3 an enlarged cross-section through a rail 3 is shown. Above its tread, the distribution of the grinding abrasion in dotted outlined areas is shown, first immediately above the rail of the individual abrasion, as he from the Fahrkanten- (in Fig. 3 shown on the left, reference numeral 9) and the tread grinding wheels 6 (in Fig. 3 right, reference numeral 10) is achieved. In this case, the grinding profile 9 produced by the grinding body 6 attached to the running edge and the grinding profile 10 achieved by the grinding body 6 placed on the running surface have different thickness profiles which correspond to the extent of the removal. The processing carried out in succession with the two differently set grinding wheels 6 results in a resulting grinding profile 11, which is shown above the two individual grinding profiles 9 and 10. This resulting grinding profile 11 is, as already mentioned, fixed in the prior art and can possibly be slightly changed and adapted by varying the contact pressure.

In Fig. 4 is now schematically shown along more than one degree of freedom displaceable grinding frame 4, which allows a change in the attack position of the grinding wheel 6 on the inner surface transverse to the rail longitudinal direction. By appropriate actuators 12, which may be hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, for example, the grinding frame 4 is pivotally attached via hinged deposits on the chassis, so that there are indicated by dashed lines different pivot positions. This embodiment therefore allows one and the same grinding frame 4 to position and press the grinding wheels 6 at different engagement positions transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail 3, so as to obtain different grinding profiles. Such a variation is possible steplessly in the illustrated basic illustration and preferably so as to set the position and orientation of the processing line, that is to say the grinding profile, to be highly variable. Of course, in the embodiment according to the invention, the grinding frame 4 can also be raised as in the prior art, lowered in the direction of the rail 3 and pressed with the grinding bodies 6 onto the running surface of the rail 3. The possibilities of movement of the grinding frame 4 and thus the with it Rotary axes rigidly fixed grinding wheel 6 receives only one more degree of freedom, namely the tilting or pivoting transversely to the rail longitudinal direction. At the same time, the upper axis of the grinding wheel is correspondingly inclined (the feed direction adapted) in order to always set the pressure force on the grinding wheels 6 perpendicular to the surface of the running surface in the machining area. With such a design and construction according to the invention can therefore be selected adapted to different requirements of the focus of processing. Thus, in a preventive decision in rolling contact fatigue rather the running edge can be edited, for the removal of corrugations and Längswelligkeit rather the driving surface. Correspondingly, the region to be machined can preferably be selected and a corresponding grinding profile can be set by positioning the grinding frame 4 differently and thus the grinding body 6 arranged thereon, transversely to the rail longitudinal direction. Also, to counteract a gradual change in the rail head profile, this can be reprofiled by appropriate adjustment. For this purpose, the device according to the invention can have a corresponding measurement technique which detects the current profile of the rail 3 in the region of its tread 8 and readjust the settings of the sanding frame 4 during the crossing in order to adjust the sanding profile in a spatially resolved and demand-dependent manner for reprofiling to the optimum desired profile For this purpose, it is necessary that the actuators 12 can change the grinding rack for changing the position of the grinding wheels 6 in a direction transverse to the longitudinal course of the rail while maintaining the pressing force and driving the device.

• Eine Möglichkeit besteht, hier drei unabhängige Drehbewegungen zu erzeugen und über z.B. eine wie in Fig. 5 gezeigte Hebelkonstruktion miteinander zu verbinden. Die einzelnen Drehfreiheitsgrade um die entscheidenden Gelenke sind durch gekrümmte Doppelpfeile angedeutet. Die Aktuatoren 12 verkürzen oder
• spreizen Abstände in der Hebelkonstruktion in einer Weise, dass zusammen mit einer durch z.B. einen nicht gezeigten Schrittmotor ausgelösten Drehbewegung des Schleifgestells 4 um die in der Mitte der Figur liegende Drehachse sowohl eine Zustell- und Absenkbewegung zum Erreichen einer abgehobenen Position (vgl. Fig. 5a) bzw. angestellten Positionen (vgl. Fign. 5b und 5c) möglich sind, als auch eine Veränderung der quer zur Schienenlängsrichtung gesehenen Angriffposition der Schleifkörper 6 aus einer Position in der Nähe der Fahrkante (vgl. Fig. 5b) in eine Position auf der oberen Fahrfläche (vgl. Fig. 5c). In der in den Figuren dargestellten Konstruktion erfolgt diese Verstellung stufenlos. Die Aktuatoren 1 2, die bevorzugt als Hydraulikzylinder ausgebildet sind, und der Schrittmotor werden von einer Steuerung angesteuert, um entsprechende koordinierte Bewegungen auszulösen für eine gewünschte Einstellung.

The required for the invention, a higher number of degrees of freedom having kinematics for the infeed (lifting / lowering) and the approach to be processed on the tread position and advantageously the alignment of the contact angle can be achieved in various ways, some of which in the FIGS. 5 to 8 sketched are:

• One possibility is to generate three independent rotations and, for example, one as in Fig. 5 To connect shown lever construction together. The individual rotational degrees of freedom around the crucial joints are indicated by curved double arrows. Shorten the actuators 12 or
• Spacing distances in the lever construction in such a way that, together with a caused by, for example, a stepper motor rotary movement of the grinding frame 4 about the axis of rotation lying in the middle of the figure both an advancing and lowering movement to reach a raised position (see. Fig. 5a ) or salaried positions (cf. FIGS. 5b and 5c ) are possible, as well as a change in the transversely to the rail longitudinal direction attack position of the grinding wheel 6 from a position in the vicinity of the running edge (see. Fig. 5b ) in a position on the upper running surface (see. Fig. 5c ). In the construction shown in the figures, this adjustment is infinitely variable. The actuators 1 2, which are preferably designed as hydraulic cylinders, and the stepper motor are controlled by a controller to trigger corresponding coordinated movements for a desired setting.

In the FIGS. 6a to 6c shows another possibility of the design and lever guide, which also works with three independent rotational movements and allows the adjustment transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail. Again, actuators 12 are connected to a lever-like linkage to which the grinding frame 4 is suspended, again in this case the grinding frame 4 can be pivoted about a drive mechanism, not shown in its attachment to the lever arm, for example via a stepper motor or the like. Also, this construction allows a lowering of a in Fig. 6a shown raised position and a change in the attack position from a position in which the grinding wheel 6 engages near the driving edge (see. Fig. 6b ) in the direction of a position in which the grinding wheel 6 operates on the upper running surface (cf. Fig. 6c ).

Another way to obtain the required degrees of freedom for the movement of the grinding frame 4, is in the FIGS. 7a to b shown. Here is a combination of two independent linear movements (indicated by the straight double arrows) and a further independent movement in the form of a rotary motion (indicated by the curved double arrow) used. Again, both the Zustellbewegung done by exploitation the possibility of linear movement in the vertical direction as well as an adjustment of the position of the grinding wheel 6 on the rail surface and the position of the vertical axis by combining all three movements.

In Fig. 8 Finally, another variant is shown, which also uses, this time with a different lever design, a combination of two independent linear movements and a rotational movement, the rotational movement is this time a coupled and thus not self-propelled movement. Here can in the off position according to Fig. 8a the grinding frame 4 is lowered with the grinding wheels 6 and then pivoted by appropriately controlled triggering of the independent linear movements over the surface rail 3. The coupled rotary motion contains a type of slotted guide which positively tilts the grinding rack 4 according to the requirements, while it is displaced transversely to the rail longitudinal direction, so that the grinding wheels 6 actuate different grinding positions.

The feed mechanism for the grinding frame 4 can also be pivoted in a slotted guide, which corresponds to the contour of the rail head. Changing the sanding profile or its position by displacing the grinding wheel 6 transversely to the rail longitudinal direction with the alignment of the contact angle is then coupled here by methods along a non-linear axis (the backdrop). Lifting / lowering is an independent mechanism.

To replace grinding wheels 6, which are completely worn during operation, as quickly as possible by new ones, they are advantageously arranged in a revolver magazine. By turning this magazine, unworn grinding wheels 6 can be loaded very quickly. The axis of rotation of this rotary movement of the turret magazine is advantageously identical to that used to align the grinding wheel 6, only the rotation angle are different. A suitable stepper motor can therefore be used, on the one hand, to turn the revolver magazine (eg in 90 ° increments) and, on the other hand, to align the abrasives with the position of its vertical axis.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

chassis

2

Wheel

3

rail

4

sanding frame

5

axis of rotation

6

abrasives

7

peripheral surface

8th

tread

9

grinding profile

10

grinding profile

11

grinding profile

12

actuator

D

double arrow

V

speed

Claims (4)

Device for machining the running surfaces (8) of rails (3) by peripheral grinding with a rail running wheels (2) for driving the rail (3) comprising the chassis (1) and at least one grinding body (6) fixed to the chassis (1) ) on the running surface (8) of the rail (3) undeliverable grinding frame (4), which individually mounted on one to the rail longitudinal direction including an acute angle rotation axis freely rotatably mounted grinding wheels (6) for circumferential grinding, characterized in that the grinding frame (4 ) is arranged so in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the rail (3) and transversely to the vertical displaceable on the chassis (4) that by such a displacement of the grinding frame (4) the position at which the grinding body (3) with its peripheral surface (7) on the running surface (8) of the rail (3) attack, is changed in a direction transverse to the rail longitudinal direction, and further characterized gek Characterized in that means (12) are provided for displacing the grinding rack (4). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding frame (4) on the chassis (1) is arranged so displaceable that the position at which the grinding body (6) with its peripheral surfaces (7) on the running surface (8) of the rail (3) attack, in a direction transverse to the rail longitudinal direction is infinitely variable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders as means (12) for displacing the grinding rack (4). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (12) for displacing the sanding frame (4) are arranged such that they remain substantially vertical to the surface of the running surface (8), while maintaining a grip on the sanding frame (4) ) of the rail (3) directed pressing force and during a driving movement of the chassis (1) a displacement of the grinding frame (4) for changing the transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail (3) seen position at which the grinding wheels (4) on the running surface (8) of the rail (3) attack can cause.

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