Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
  • C10G1/083—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts in the presence of a solvent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
  • B01D3/02—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping in boilers or stills
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
  • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste

Definitions

• the following invention shows how this process in process and apparatus in a technical realization in a short time durable, reliable and thus can be economically implemented.
• the process deals with the realization of the reaction in an oil-sealed vacuum pump with hydraulic seal and the integration of this system in a production plant for middle distillates, which minimizes all conceivable risks and optimizes the production by a pre-processing technique.
• the device deals with the implementation of this method with the available elements as a teaching of implementation on an industrial scale.
• the respective embodiments illustrate the invention by way of example.
• the central element enabling the process is a high performance chamber mixer in the patent. This makes it possible to repeat the petroleum production process in about 3 minutes, the product being uniformly a middle distillate according to the process temperature.
• the liquid ring vacuum pump and its arrangement which in the patent DE 10 2005 056 735 is the central element and thus the heart of the plant, furthermore has a number of disadvantages which limit the reliability of the plant and thus limit the economy of the process.
• the drawbacks focus on the sealing system, which leads to a standstill of the system in case of failure and the entry system, which lead to a combustion reaction, in particular in the distillation area in training a trachea in the entry tank by the adhesion of the solids on the wall.
• a hydraulic according to the invention provides the solution to the reliability problems of this technique.
• the hydraulics is based on the fact that the elevated temperature of 250-320 0 C, although a high load that a vacuum pump in the long term can not stand, but the medium of the conveyor changes from water to oil and thus the bearings and Gaskets can be redesigned to be reliable despite the high temperature. This also applies to the input material, which must be subjected to a process to ensure the long-term operation of the pump and the system.
• the hydraulic system according to the invention consists in the fact that the sealing system is hydraulically controlled or regulated and the solid input materials are adapted by a pre-process to the conditions of the system and the pump.
• FIG. 1 shows the oil reactor vacuum pump according to the invention with a hydraulic seal
• FIG. 2 shows the integration according to the invention of the necessary preliminary process for the operation of this oil reactor vacuum pump.
• FIG. 3 shows the overall process with the two components oil reactor vacuum pump and pre-processing technology.
• the diffusion catalytic process requires an addition of catalyst only for larger amounts of technical hydrocarbons, such as plastics, rubber and oils.
• technical hydrocarbons such as plastics, rubber and oils.
• the catalytic effects of the organic constituents of these substances are sufficient for the process.
• the inorganic constituents of the biological residues contain, in principle, the same structure as the catalysts, namely the aluminum silicates each having one of the metals of the first or second main group.
• Figure 1 relates to the method of changing the vacuum pump necessary to make it a reliable, thermally stable and oil-tight unit that achieves long life, full functionality and easy repairability.
• the elements show how the hydraulic seal and the coating of the parts in contact with the hot reaction oil enable the technical realization.
• the outer packing unit of the seal is referred to, which is designed as a stuffing box. It is activated with the screws 2 to prevent any leaking oil on the shaft at its exit. When this stuffing box is depleted in its sealing effect, the stuffing box 3 in front of it allows a further step of the seal.
• the hydraulic seal is arranged. It consists of the between the stuffing boxes and the bearings lying oil chamber 4, which has a connection to the pressure line 5 via the line 6 provided with a stopcock.
• the chamber 4 is pressure moderately controlled via the line 7, which is connected to the vacuum line 20 of the oil reaction vacuum pump 8 via the valve 9 so that only a slight overpressure in the chamber 4 is formed.
• the lubrication of the bearings 11 works on the encapsulated opposite side.
• the enclosure forms on the other side a chamber 12 which has a supply line 13 with the shut-off valve 14 from the pressure line of the oil reaction vacuum pump and in the lower part of the chamber has the discharge line for the particles 15 with the shut-off valve 16.
• the lubricity of the contents of the oil reaction vacuum pump is used for the bearing lubrication.
• this lubricity is given.
• the oil reaction vacuum pump 17 has on all parts which come in contact with the medium, a coating which is applied to the original parts of the casting. These are feeds of TiAIN or AlCrN in one or more layers, which are applied on the steel or GGG 50 casting. This results in sufficient hardness and chemical protection against the reacting oils in the oil reaction vacuum pump. Indicated at 8 are the connecting pipes on the suction side of the oil reaction vacuum pump. On the pressure side, the oil reaction vacuum pump has the pressure line 18.
• the vane-equipped impeller 19 which is either coated or made of stainless steel, has a smaller diameter than the impeller of a vacuum pump. Although this reduces the negative pressure on the suction side, but allows low-noise processing and solid components of the oil in the Vergrolungslui.
• the wall distance of the impeller is increased from 0.5 - 1 mm to 3-10 mm.
• FIG. 2 shows the integration of the oil reaction vacuum pump with the pre-processing technique.
• the oil reaction vacuum pump has a mechanical drive in the form of an electric motor, diesel engine or gas turbine. In all 3 cases, waste heat is generated, which is used in a thermal oil circuit for the pre-processing technology.
• the thermal oil which is heated in the exhaust gas heat exchanger 21, passes through the thermal oil lines 22 in the jacket heaters of Vorrea matterer 23 and 25 and separator 28. At the entrance of Vorreas 25 input flap or shredder is arranged.
• Ascheaniage which supplies a partial flow from the separation tank of a heat chamber with subsequent cooling chamber and ash container.
• This partial flow depends on the proportion of unreachable fractions of the input material to metal, ceramics, stones, glass and salts.
• the supply to the ash plant is at 1, 5 to 3 times this proportion, since the partial flow and oil and catalyst are discharged, which are recovered.
• the recovery of the hydrocarbons occurs through the heating process at 400 to 500 ° C, which are deposited in the distillation and condensation and returned to the Vorprozeßtechnik the figure.
• the catalyst is recovered by mixing with water, since it is suspended in the water and filtered off.
• the distillation is referred to, which is above the evaporator 34.
• the evaporator 34 are evaporator bars, which divides the oil flow coming from the oil reaction vacuum pump into a large number, 100 to 3,000, of partial beams. This results in a large evaporation surface for the resulting middle distillate, which is removed via the distillation 33 upwards and thus no longer enters the storage tank 31.
• the single or double condenser 35 liquefies the steam.
• a small portion is returned to the distillation column via the distillation recycle line 36 to the column to control the top overhead temperature of the column. This determines the type of middle distillate as summer diesel, winter diesel or kerosene.
• the line 37 directs the product into the diesel tank, which has the connecting line to one or more vacuum pumps, in order to ensure the safety of the entire system against leaking product.
• the water separation tank 38 is disposed on the input side of the condenser to thereby divert the reaction water contents into a tank. This amount of water exchanges with the product standing in the line until the upper level in the water separation tank 38 is reached.
• a conductivity sensor gives the signal to open the drain valve until the signal stops.
• the pH sensor is mounted, which determines the input amount of neutralizing agent on the container 25 in FIG.
• the ash plant 32 designates the ash plant, which is connected to the interior of the separator and which limits the concentration of the inorganic components of the plant. It takes up so much material that the components still available at the entrance, such as glass; Metal and ceramic material, and the salts formed by the lime addition are limited in the overall system.
• the ash plant has a heater that the hydrocarbons contained in 450 - 500 0 C to evaporate initiated. These are condensed and fed to the pre-processing plant.
• Denoted by 33 is the Verkölungsstrom It has up to 10 units of oil reaction vacuum pumps around a container system 24 around, which causes the separation of the vapor portion and the liquid oil content.
• the vaporous components are purified by the distillation unit with reflux and condensation.
• the capacitors have 2 output lines 36 and 37. They are connected inside the condenser by an overflow with different chambers.
• the line 36 receives from the first chamber and residual portions of water, which exchange in the container 38 with the local product by gravity.
• This tank measures the pH and periodically purges excess water through a conductivity sensor and valve.
• the line 37 is the product line. This has a turbidity meter, which leaves only the product to the tank, which has the sufficient quality. The insufficient product is directed into the condensate of the ash plant.
• the description of Figure 4 relates to the apparatus for the changes of the vacuum pump, which are necessary to make it a reliable, thermally stable and oil-tight unit to achieve the long life, full functionality and easy repairability.
• the elements show how the hydraulic seal and the coating of the parts in contact with the hot reaction oil enable the technical realization.
• the outer packing unit of the seal is referred to, which is designed as a stuffing box. This is formed by internal packings, a sleeve and the screws. For this purpose, a second stuffing box is arranged by the stuffing box 103 in front of it.
• a hydraulic seal chamber 104 is disposed toward the oil reaction vacuum pump. It consists of the between the stuffing boxes and the bearings lying oil chamber 104, which has a connection to the pressure line 105 via the line 106 provided with a stopcock.
• the hydraulic seal chamber 104 is pressure moderately connected via the line 107, which is connected to the vacuum line 120 of the oil reaction vacuum pump 108 via the valve 109.
• the valve 109 has an electronic control of the hydraulic seal chamber 104th
• the bearing 111 On the other side of the oil reaction vacuum pump is the bearing 111. It forms the encapsulated opposite side.
• the enclosure is formed to have a chamber 112 which has a supply line 113 with the shut-off valve 114 from the pressure line of the oil reaction vacuum pump and has the discharge line for the particles 115 with the shut-off valve 116 in the lower part of the chamber.
• the oil reaction vacuum pump 117 has on all parts that come in contact with the medium, a coating that is applied to the original parts of the casting. These are coatings of TiAIN or AICrN single-layer or multi-layer, which are applied on the steel or GGG 50 casting. Indicated at 118 are the connecting pipes on the suction side of the oil reaction vacuum pump. On the pressure side, the oil reaction vacuum pump has the pressure line 118.
• the vane-equipped impeller 119 which is either coated or made of stainless steel, has a smaller diameter than the impeller of a vacuum pump. The wall distance of the impeller is increased from 0.5 - 1 mm to 3-10 mm.
• FIG. 5 shows the integration of the oil reaction vacuum pump with the pre-processing technique.
• the oil reaction vacuum pump has a mechanical drive in the form of an electric motor, diesel engine or gas turbine.
• Thermal oil is present in the exhaust gas heat exchanger 121.
• the exhaust gas heat exchanger 121 is connected to the jacket heaters of the pre-process vessels 123 and 125 and separator 128 via the thermal oil lines 122.
• Vorreas 125 input flap or shredder is arranged.
• the pre-process tanks 123 and 125 and the separator 128 are connected to the mixer and pump unit 124 in a circuit. With the ash plant shown in Figure 6, a connecting line to the Vorrea matterern is installed. On the pre-process tank 123, the distillation unit 126 is arranged, which is connected to water tank 127. At the output of the separator 128, a connecting line z is arranged to the reservoir 129.
• FIG. 6 shows the arrangement in the oiling plant.
• Denoted at 131 is the oil reaction vacuum pump with storage tank.
• Denoted by 132 is the ash plant, which has a connection line to the separator 138. After the ash plant a water mixing chamber is arranged with a catalyst screen as a catalyst recovery plant.
• Denoted at 133 is the distillation above the evaporator 134.
• evaporator 134 In the evaporator 134 are evaporator bars with a large number, 100 to 3,000, before exit hole.
• Above the distillation 133 is disposed and below eir oil collecting container having a connection line to the storage tank 131.
• the condenser 135 in single or double version is arranged downstream of the distillation column 133. The latter has the distillation return line 136 to the distillation column 133.
• the line 137 is connected to the diesel tank, which has the connection line to one or more vacuum pumps.
• the water separation tank 138 is disposed on the input side of the condenser. In the lower part of this separation tank 138, the pH sensor is mounted, which determines the input amount of neutralizing agent on the container 125 in Figure 2.
• Denoted at 132 is the ash plant connected to the interior of the separator.
• the ash has a heating system which is designed for a heating temperature of 600 0 C.
• the Verkölungsstrom is designated. It has up to 10 units of oil reaction vacuum pumps around a tank system 134.
• the distillation unit has a reflux and condensation 135.
• the condensers have 2 output lines 136 and 137. They are connected inside the condenser by an overflow with different chambers.
• the conduit 136 is connected to the vessel 138 containing conductivity meter and pH meter.
• the line 137 is the product line. This has a turbidity meter, which is connected to the two lines to the diesel tank and the Vorprozeßstrom.
• the oil reaction vacuum pump which is also the reactor for conversion to middle distillate, has a shaft of 90 mm, a drive power with electric motor of 200 kW and bearings with inner diameter of 90.8 mm and Outer diameter of 130 mm.
• the pressure of the ⁇ ire neglectsvakuumpumpe on the pressure side is 1 bar and on the suction side 0.3 bar vacuum.
• the hydraulic seal chamber 4 is adjusted by the relief valve 9 to a pressure of 0.05 bar overpressure.
• the pressure in the chamber 12 is adjusted via the valve 14 so that there is pressure. This is set much higher than in the chamber 4 according to the running noise of the ⁇ ire redesignsvakuumpumpe.
• the remaining dimensions are executed to scale according to FIG.
• the thermal oil circuit 22 is maintained at the temperatures in the flow of 360 0 C and in the return to 240 0 C by the heat dissipation of Vorprozeßtechnik.
• the containers 23, 25 and 28, which are heated with the thermal oil, have an outer diameter of 1, 4 m and a height of 1, 4 m.
• the distillation column 26 has a diameter of 300 mm and a height of 2 m.
• the storage tank in front of the vacuum pump has the diameter of 1, 5 m and a height of 1.5 m.
• the ash plant shown in Figure 3 has in both parts a hollow screw and a distillation plant with 200 mm diameter.
• the diameter of the heating screw is 400 mm and the diameter of the cooling screw is 300 mm.
• the actual oiling plant consists of the two oil reaction vacuum pumps and the circuit with the evaporator 34, which has a diameter of 1.8 m.
• the overlying distillation column is a bubble tray column with a diameter of 600 mm and 3 m height.
• the capacitors have a maximum output of 200 kW cooling capacity with the cooling water 50/90 0 C.
• the reaction water separator 38 with the conductivity sensor and the pH meter has above the reflux line to the distillation column.
• the cooling water is kept at 50 ° C. by recooling with an air heat exchanger.
• the device according to the invention will be explained in more detail.
• a plant for the production of 500 l per hour middle distillate from shredded pruning material has the oil pump with a shaft of 90 mm, a drive power with electric motor of 200 kW and bearings with inner diameter of 90.8 mm and outer diameter of 130 mm.
• the pressure of the oil reaction vacuum pump on the pressure side is 1 bar and on the suction side 0.3 bar vacuum.
• the hydraulic seal chamber 104 is set by the relief valve 109 to a pressure of 0.05 bar gauge.
• the pressure in the chamber 112 is adjusted via the valve 114 so that there is pressure. This is set much higher than in the chamber 104 according to the running noise of the oil reaction vacuum pump.
• the remaining dimensions are executed to scale according to the figure 4.
• the exhaust gas flow of a 500 kW generator is used as a basis.
• the thermal oil circuit 22 is maintained at the temperatures in the flow of 360 0 C and in the return to 240 0 C by the heat dissipation of Vorprozeßtechnik.
• the tanks 123, 125 and 128 have connecting pipes between the exhaust gas heat exchanger and the tank wall heater via a hydraulic oil feed pump. These containers have an outside diameter of 1.4 m and a height of 1.4 m.
• the distillation column 126 has a diameter of 300 mm and a height of 2 m.
• the storage tank in front of the oil reaction vacuum pump has the diameter of 1, 5 m and a height of 1.5 m.
• the ash plant shown in Figure 6 has in both parts a hollow screw and a distillation plant with 200 mm diameter.
• the diameter of the heating screw is 400 mm and the diameter of the cooling screw is 300 mm.
• the actual oiling plant consists of the two oil reaction vacuum pumps and the circuit with the evaporator 134, which has a diameter of 1.8 m.
• the overlying distillation column is a bubble tray column with a diameter of 600 mm and 3 m height.
• the capacitors have a maximum output of 200 kW cooling capacity with the cooling water 50/90 0 C.
• the reaction water 138 with the conductivity sensor and the pH meter has above the reflux line to the distillation column.
• the cooling water is kept at 50 ° C. by recooling with an air heat exchanger.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-02-20 CN CN200980157272.XA patent/CN102325857B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-02-20 DE DE102009012486A patent/DE102009012486A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-02-20 EP EP09775840A patent/EP2398869A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-02-20 MX MX2011008803A patent/MX2011008803A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2009-02-20 WO PCT/DE2009/000246 patent/WO2010063248A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2009-02-20 BR BRPI0922968A patent/BRPI0922968A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-02-20 US US13/202,344 patent/US20110297582A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-02-20 KR KR1020117020865A patent/KR20120009428A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2009-02-20 JP JP2011550414A patent/JP2012518690A/ja active Pending
  • 2009-02-20 RU RU2011137963/04A patent/RU2523535C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2011
  • 2011-08-16 IL IL214702A patent/IL214702A0/en unknown

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