EP2396670A1 - Procédé et système pour déterminer la distance, la vitesse et/ou la direction de déplacement d'une étiquette rfid - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour déterminer la distance, la vitesse et/ou la direction de déplacement d'une étiquette rfid

Info

Publication number
EP2396670A1
EP2396670A1 EP09782850A EP09782850A EP2396670A1 EP 2396670 A1 EP2396670 A1 EP 2396670A1 EP 09782850 A EP09782850 A EP 09782850A EP 09782850 A EP09782850 A EP 09782850A EP 2396670 A1 EP2396670 A1 EP 2396670A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radar
signal
transponder
rfid
rfid transponder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09782850A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Bieber
Daniel Evers
Dieter Horst
Gerhard Metz
Stefan Schwarzer
Claus Seisenberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2396670A1 publication Critical patent/EP2396670A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G01S13/583—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets
    • G01S13/584—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets adapted for simultaneous range and velocity measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/825—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/87—Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
    • G01S13/878—Combination of several spaced transmitters or receivers of known location for determining the position of a transponder or a reflector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G01S13/62—Sense-of-movement determination

Definitions

  • UHF RFID transponders for example RFID tags or so-called RFID tags
  • RFID tags are now on the market in large numbers. They simplify processes in logistics and industry.
  • an RFID transponder (hereinafter referred to as “transponder”) in connection with an RFID reader (hereinafter referred to as “reader”) in a variety of applications such as.
  • the inventory inventory or for identification purposes in the field of security technology Commitment. Their main tasks are to provide a unique identification number and to record a typically small amount of data.
  • the query or readout of the transponder which usually has at least one antenna and a chip with a backscatter modulator, a logic controller and a data memory, is done with the aid of electromagnetic waves according to the so-called and known backscatter principle.
  • the reading device transmits a constant, uniformly modulated signal which, on the one hand, causes an RFID chip integrated in the transponder to emit a response signal, which in turn is registered by the reading device.
  • the response signal includes at least a unique identification of the transponder and possibly further data.
  • the signal emitted by the reading device can also be used to supply power to the transponder.
  • a transponder is usually irradiated by the reader at the operating frequency with an electromagnetic signal which is picked up by a transponder antenna and converted by a rectifier for use.
  • the signal emitted by the reading device consists of a supply carrier signal, hereinafter also referred to as carrier, onto which any data to be transmitted to the transponder are modulated in a known manner. For example. can be made by the reader a request to release the identification number of the transponder or to read the memory of the transponder. However, after the transmission of the data, the carrier is not shut down immediately because otherwise the transponder would be de-energized and could not respond.
  • the carrier is maintained unmodulated and the transponder changes the reflection factor of its antenna for so-called backscatter modulation, also known as backscatter modulation in professional circles.
  • backscatter modulation also known as backscatter modulation in professional circles.
  • the transponder can send a response to the reader with almost zero energy.
  • the energy supply of the transponder is the critical path, ie the detection of the transponder response would still be possible at a greater distance.
  • the power consumption of modern transponders limits the range to a maximum of about 10m.
  • ISM band Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Band
  • the maximum reading range is, with radiation of the maximum permitted transmission power, not more than 10m.
  • a problem in the operation of RFID systems in the UHF band are so-called overreach, which may occur in particular in closed rooms: A far away from the reader transponder can be powered and identified due to constructive interference emitted by the reader electromagnetic waves with energy, although he is actually outside the target range of the reader. By measuring the distance from the reader to the transponder, this overreach could be detected as such. Apart from this concrete example, the measurement of the transponder distance, the transponder speed and / or the transponder movement direction is generally of great interest.
  • a sufficiently high-resolution distance measurement is known to require a large bandwidth of the signals used for the measurement.
  • R c / B
  • B the bandwidth of the electromagnetic signal.
  • the signal propagation via indirect paths, e.g. due to reflections on the room walls, with differences of less than 1.875m the measurement result can be seriously distorted. Only with larger differences in gears, the multipaths can be separated from the distance estimation and ensure only a small error.
  • Gate readers are gates or passages, etc., which contain antennas to which an RFID reader is connected, and if one wishes to identify a good equipped with a transponder, one pushes it through In this case, several readers are at a large distance from each other and register the successful identification of a transponder. The temporal sequence of the identifications allows for the direction of movement and speed of the transponder
  • the "position" of the transponder to be determined can be 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional Be size. As a 1-dimensional size, the position would simply correspond to a distance between the transponder and a reference point, the bpsw. the reader can be.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that, for cost reasons in particular, the transponder chip of an RFID transponder in which, for example, the backscatter modulation is executed, will not be designed narrowband only for a specific operating frequency but rather for a comparatively broadband. This ensures that only one chip variant has to be developed, which can be used, for example, for transponder labels of different regions such as Europe, USA and Asia. Also from a technical point of view, it is better not to restrict the backscatter modulator in its frequency response explicitly.
  • the backscatter modulator in the transponder chip provides a sufficiently large change in its reflection factor even at a deviating from the selected RFID operating frequency, in particular higher frequency, to the backscatter functionality of the chip even at higher frequencies Use to be able to do.
  • an RFID transponder whose position and possibly speed and / or direction of movement is to be determined is not only irradiated by the reader with the corresponding interrogation signal with a typical RFID operating frequency, but also ideally simultaneously from at least one radar module with a corresponding high bandwidth radar signal and at a frequency different from the RFID operating frequency.
  • the RFID transponder In the inventive method for determining a position of an RFID transponder, which is adapted to receive and reflect both a supply carrier signal emitted by an RFID reader having an RFID frequency and a radar signal emitted by a radar module having a radar frequency, the RFID transponder irradiated by the radar module with the radar signal. The radar signal is then reflected by the RFID transponder and the reflected radar signal is received at the radar module. The position of the RFID transponder can now be determined from the reflected radar signal received at the radar module.
  • the radar signal is preferably transmitted simultaneously with the supply carrier signal.
  • Phase-wise interrogation data for interrogation and / or read-out of the transponder are modulated onto the supply carrier signal.
  • the radar signal is transmitted only if no data is modulated onto the supply carrier signal.
  • the radar signal is sent out in a particular embodiment as soon as the modulating of the query data to the supply carrier signal has ended.
  • the supply carrier signal and the radar signal have different frequencies.
  • the bandwidth of the radar signal is greater than the bandwidth of the supply carrier signal.
  • Radar module received reflected radar signal further determines a speed and / or direction of movement of the RFID transponder.
  • the radar signal is modulated in the RFID transponder prior to the reflection, in particular backscatter-modulated, wherein in the modulation data at least comprising an identification number of the RFID transponders and / or a content of a data memory of the RFID transponder on the radar signal are modulated.
  • the thus-modulated reflected signal is received in the radar module and evaluated with respect to the modulated data.
  • the query data can also be determined independently of the RFID reader.
  • the arrangement according to the invention for determining a position of an RFID transponder has a radar module for emitting a radar signal having a radar frequency.
  • the RFID transponder is designed to receive and reflect both the transmitted radar signal and a supply carrier signal emitted by an RFID reader with an RFID frequency.
  • the radar module is in turn designed to receive the radar signal reflected by the RFID transponder.
  • the arrangement furthermore has an evaluation device connected to the radar module for determining the position of the RFID transponder on the basis of the received, reflected radar signal.
  • the RFID reader and the radar module are firmly connected to each other, in particular housed in a common housing. This results in a compact device with which an exact position measurement of the transponder is possible in addition to the identification of the transponder.
  • the supply carrier signal and the radar signal have different frequencies and the bandwidth of the radar signal is greater than the bandwidth of the supply carrier signal.
  • the RFID transponder advantageously has a modulator, in particular a backscatter modulator, which is designed to Anlagenmodulieren the radar signal before reflection data comprising an identification number of the RFID transponder and / or a content of a data memory of the RFID transponder, and that the evaluation device is designed to evaluate the modulated, reflected radar signal with regard to the modulated data.
  • a modulator in particular a backscatter modulator, which is designed to slaughtermodulieren the radar signal before reflection data comprising an identification number of the RFID transponder and / or a content of a data memory of the RFID transponder
  • the evaluation device is designed to evaluate the modulated, reflected radar signal with regard to the modulated data. This ensures that data can not only be modulated on the RFID signal, but also on the radar signal.
  • the radar module can be used both for measuring the position of the transponder and for its identification.
  • FIG. 1 shows the time sequence of the distance measurement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1A shows an RFID reader 10, an RFID transponder 20 and a radar module 30, each with an antenna 11, 21, 31. The position, the speed and the direction of movement of the transponder 20 are to be determined.
  • a computer 40 is provided and the transponder 20 has, in addition to the antenna 21, a transponder chip 22 with a data memory 23 and a backscatter modulator 24.
  • the radar module 30 has an evaluation device 32.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates the situation at a later point in time at which the transmission of data from the reading device 10 to the transponder 20 has ended, ie to which no query data M A is modulated onto the carrier signal S r f ld .
  • the unmodulated supply carrier S rfld is still transmitted in order to supply power to the transponder 20, so that the backscatter modulation effected by the backscatter modulator 24 of the transponders 20 and thus the response A rfld of the transponder 20 is possible.
  • the radar module 30 illuminates the transponder 20 with a broadband electromagnetic signal S r Rada to determine the distance, speed and direction of movement of the transponder.
  • the reader 10 receives the backscatter-modulated response signal A rfld the transponder 20 and evaluates this in a known manner according to the requested data such as. Identification number and content of the memory 23 of the transponder 20 from.
  • the transponder 20 uses its backscatter modulator 24 in order to communicate to the reader 10, the RFID response signal A, the transponder 20 according to the invention at the same time with the signal S r Rada of the radar module 30 is irradiated. Thereby un- the radar frequency f r of the radar signal differs Rada
  • the 5.8GHz ISM band with a bandwidth B Rada r of about 150 MHz is suitable that.
  • the radar signal S r is Rada as well as the supply carrier signal Srf I d from the transponder 20 reflects and finally back EMP in the form of a response signal A Rada r from the radar module 30 to catch.
  • the desired measured values, ie the position, speed and / or direction of movement of the transponder 20 can then be determined in an evaluation device 32 of the radar module 30 from the radar signal A radar reflected by the transponder 20 high bandwidth B radar small error can be determined.
  • the reference point of the measurement of the position, the speed and the direction of movement is no longer the antenna 11 of the reader 10, but the antenna 31 of the radar module 30.
  • the reader 10 is connected to a computer 40, on which a corresponding software, for example. A so-called middleware, is installed.
  • the measured values ascertained by the radar module 30 are transmitted, for example, via a radio link to the computer 40, where finally the measured values are calculated in relation to the reading device 10.
  • the computer 40 may be integrated into a housing of the reader 10. Alternatively, a central computer (not shown) may be used which communicates with the reader 10 via a radio link.
  • the radar module 30 it would also be advisable for the radar module 30 to communicate with the computer 40 via a radio link in order to transmit the measured values to the computer 40.
  • the aforementioned conversions may then take place in the computer 40 in measured values related to the reading device 10.
  • the abovementioned evaluation device 32 of the radar module 30 is realized by the central computer 40, ie that no data processing takes place in the radar module 30 itself and the actual determination of the measured values position, speed and / or direction of movement is outsourced to the computer 40 ,
  • the radar module 30 and the reader 10 may be firmly connected to each other, for example. By being housed in a common housing. In this case, you can be taken that the determined with the radar module 30 position of the transponder 20, which initially refers only to the radar module 30, is equivalent to a position of the transponder 20 with respect to the reading device 10th
  • a common method of radar technology for determining the distance or the distance between radar module 30 and transponder 20 is, for example, the measurement of the transit time, while a speed of the transponder 20 can be determined by means of a Doppler measurement or via the time variation of the distance.
  • the direction of movement can also be determined by means of a Doppler measurement, wherein only the sign of the Doppler shift must be evaluated.
  • the direction of movement can also be determined by the temporal change of the distance.
  • other methods for determining the measured values distance, speed and direction of movement can also be used and are well known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the radar signal Sr ada r emitted by the radar module 30 and received at the transponder 20 is also modulated by the backscatter modulator 24 before being reflected. Accordingly, the signal A radar reflected back from the transponder 20 and in turn received at the radar module 30 is a backscatter-modulated signal, due to which the identification number of the transponder 20 and the content of the memory 23 of the transponder 20 can also be determined on the radar module 30, for example.
  • the backscatter modulation of the radar signal causes the transponder 20 to stand out against so-called passive radar targets such as, for example, walls, ceilings, steel girders, goods, people etc., and is clearly visible in the received signal of the radar module 30.
  • the radar module 30 can be used not only for determining the measured values, but also for demodulating the data sent by the transponder 20 by backscatter modulation.
  • the radar module 30 can, for example, receive the identification number of the transponder 20 and connect the determined distance etc. with the identification number. In a decentralized system in which the reading device 10 and one or even several radar modules 30 are arranged spatially distributed, this is of great advantage since the measured variable can then be provided with the identification number of the transponder 20 for unambiguous assignment.
  • the reader 10 can be simplified in its functionality such that it merely provides the supply carrier Srfi d at the operating frequency f r ld and modulates the request, while the reception and the evaluation of the backscattered data are completely shifted into the radar module 30.
  • the identification of the transponder 20 can take place in the reader 10, while in the radar module 30 in addition to the determination of the position, the speed and / or the direction of movement of the transponder 20 and the backscatter-modulated response of the transponder 20 is evaluated.
  • the reading device 10 would only have the task of providing or transmitting the supply carrier signal Srfi d , which was modulated in phase with query data, and the task of identifying the transponder 20.
  • Radar module 30 is a special embodiment of the backscatter modulation advantageous.
  • the data to be transmitted from the transponder 20 to the reading device 10 are coded before being transmitted, whereby coding types FMO, Miller and Manchester are customary. Care is taken here that, for example, the transmission of a bit sequence "000000000" does not cause the backscatter never to switch, since such a response would not be detectable.
  • the coding types ensure that the backscatter modulator has an average switching frequency, This variation of the switching frequency then represents the bit sequence to be transmitted and can be detected in the reading device 10. It is particularly advantageous for the radar module 30 if the Backscatter modulation frequency is constant. This can be achieved by describing the memory area 23 of the transponder 20 before the distance measurement with a bit sequence whose readout causes a backscatter modulation with a constant frequency.
  • the antenna 21 of the transponder 20 will not be optimized for one of the RFID operating frequency f RFID deviating frequency range. Accordingly, to optimize the maximum measuring distance, an adaptation of the antenna 21 for the use of the backscatter method at higher frequencies may be necessary, for example, by adapting the antenna impedance to the chip such that the desired backscatter signal is optimally strong.
  • radar modules which according to the method described above and additionally advantageously either at different operating frequencies, i. in the so-called frequency division multiplex mode, or in temporal change, i. In the so-called time division multiplex mode, work, different accuracies can be realized by different bandwidths and different measurement ranges by different operating frequencies. If the radar modules are distributed spatially, a multi-dimensional location of the transponder is also possible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système pour déterminer la distance, la vitesse et/ou la direction de déplacement d'une étiquette RFID. Cette étiquette est interrogée, de manière connue, par un lecteur RFID. À cet effet, le lecteur émet un signal de porteuse d'alimentation modulé en phase. Un module radar émet simultanément un signal radar qui est reçu au niveau de l'étiquette et réfléchi par celle-ci. Le signal radar réfléchi est enfin de nouveau reçu par le module radar. La position de l'étiquette RFID peut être déterminée à partir du signal radar reçu réfléchi. Le signal radar est émis en particulier lorsqu'aucune donnée d'interrogation n'est modulée sur le signal de porteuse d'alimentation. Le signal radar et le signal de porteuse d'alimentation présentent en outre des fréquences différentes.
EP09782850A 2009-02-10 2009-09-10 Procédé et système pour déterminer la distance, la vitesse et/ou la direction de déplacement d'une étiquette rfid Withdrawn EP2396670A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009008174A DE102009008174A1 (de) 2009-02-10 2009-02-10 Verfahren und System zur Bestimmung der Entfernung, der Geschwindigkeit und/oder der Bewegungsrichtung eines RFID-Transponders
PCT/EP2009/061729 WO2010091746A1 (fr) 2009-02-10 2009-09-10 Procédé et système pour déterminer la distance, la vitesse et/ou la direction de déplacement d'une étiquette rfid

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2396670A1 true EP2396670A1 (fr) 2011-12-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09782850A Withdrawn EP2396670A1 (fr) 2009-02-10 2009-09-10 Procédé et système pour déterminer la distance, la vitesse et/ou la direction de déplacement d'une étiquette rfid

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20120050016A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2396670A1 (fr)
CN (2) CN102301256A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009008174A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010091746A1 (fr)

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CN102301256A (zh) 2011-12-28
CN105022058A (zh) 2015-11-04
DE102009008174A1 (de) 2010-08-19
US20120050016A1 (en) 2012-03-01

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