US20120050016A1 - Method and System for Determining the Distance, Speed, and/or Direction of Movement of an RFID Transponder - Google Patents

Method and System for Determining the Distance, Speed, and/or Direction of Movement of an RFID Transponder Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120050016A1
US20120050016A1 US13/148,915 US200913148915A US2012050016A1 US 20120050016 A1 US20120050016 A1 US 20120050016A1 US 200913148915 A US200913148915 A US 200913148915A US 2012050016 A1 US2012050016 A1 US 2012050016A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
radar
signal
rfid
transponder
radar signal
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Abandoned
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US13/148,915
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert Bieber
Daniel Evers
Dieter Horst
Gerhard Metz
Stefan Schwarzer
Claus Seisenberger
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BIEBER, ROBERT, SCHWARZER, STEFAN, EVERS, DANIEL, METZ, GERHARD, HORST, DIETER, SEISENBERGER, CLAUS
Publication of US20120050016A1 publication Critical patent/US20120050016A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G01S13/583—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets
    • G01S13/584—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets adapted for simultaneous range and velocity measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/825—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/87—Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
    • G01S13/878—Combination of several spaced transmitters or receivers of known location for determining the position of a transponder or a reflector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G01S13/62—Sense-of-movement determination

Definitions

  • Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology is now widely known and has developed rapidly in recent years. Specifically the favorable passive ultra-high-frequency (UHF) RFID transponders, such as RFID labels or RFID tags, are now found in very large quantities on the market. RFID transponders simplify operational flows in logistics and in industry. Thus, an RFID transponder (or “transponder”) in conjunction with an RFID reading device (or “reading device”) is employed in all kinds of application domains, such as inventory management or for identification purposes in the security-systems field. Their main functions are to be found in providing a unique identification number and in generally accepting a small quantity of data.
  • UHF passive ultra-high-frequency
  • a transponder which generally has at least one antenna and a chip having a backscatter-modulator, a sequential logic system, and a data memory, is interrogated and/or read out with the aid of electromagnetic waves in accordance with the backscatter principle that is known per se.
  • the reading device transmits a constant, evenly modulated signal which, on the one hand, causes an RFID chip integrated in the transponder to emit a response signal that in turn is registered by the reading device.
  • the response signal contains at least one unique transponder identifier and, where applicable, other data.
  • the signal emitted by the reading device can, on the other hand, be used also for supplying the transponder with power.
  • a transponder is irradiated by the reading device usually at the operating frequency with an electromagnetic signal that is received by a transponder antenna and converted by a rectifier for use.
  • the signal emitted by the reading device consists of a power-supply carrier signal, i.e., a carrier, onto which data possibly requiring to be transmitted to the transponder is modulated in a known manner. For example, a request can be made thereby by the reading device to deliver the transponder's identification number or read out the transponder's memory.
  • the carrier will not, though, be switched off immediately after the data has been transmitted because the transponder would otherwise be without power and unable to respond.
  • the carrier will instead be maintained unmodulated and the transponder will change its antenna's reflectance factor to backscatter modulation.
  • the transponder will be able to send the reading device its response virtually without power.
  • the transponder's energy supply is the critical path with that kind of communication, i.e., the transponder's response would be detectable at an even greater distance.
  • the power consumption of modern transponders limits the range to at most around 10 m.
  • ISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical
  • the maximum reading range is not greater than 10 m when signals are emitted at the highest permitted transmitter power.
  • Overreaching is a problem in operating RFID systems in the UHF band that can occur especially in closed spaces.
  • a transponder a long way from the reading device can, due to design-related interference from the electromagnetic waves emitted by the reading device, be supplied with power and identified despite actually being outside the reading device's specified range.
  • the overreaching could be recognized as such through measuring the distance between the reading device and transponder.
  • Measuring the transponder's distance, speed, and/or direction of movement is of great interest in general apart from this specific instance.
  • c the speed of light
  • B the electromagnetic signal's bandwidth.
  • FMCW Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave
  • Gates are like doorways and passages that contain antennas to which an RFID reading device is connected. A person wishing to identify an item fitted with a transponder will pass the item through such a gate.
  • a plurality of reading devices that are spaced far apart and register a transponder's successful identification. The temporal sequence of the identifications allows the transponder's direction of movement and speed to be inferred. The transponder's exact position and speed between the gates will remain unknown, however. Overreaching can also produce false information here, such as when a transponder has not passed through a gate at all but has only been unfavorably near the gate.
  • Another way to at least partially avoid overreaching is to employ special antennas and reading devices that are finely tuned in terms of transmitter power. However, the problem of overreaching cannot be completely eliminated even when this method is applied.
  • a method for determining a position of an RFID transponder configured to receive and reflect a power-supply carrier signal emitted by an RFID reading device at an RFID frequency and a radar signal emitted by a radar module at a radar frequency, where the radar module irradiates the RFID transponder with the radar signal, the radar signal is reflected by the RFID transponder and the reflected radar signal is received on the radar module, and the position of the RFID transponder is determined from the reflected radar signal received on the radar module.
  • the transponder's “position” requiring to be determined can be a 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional quantity. As a 1-dimensional quantity the position would correspond simply to a distance between the transponder and a reference point which can be, for instance, the reading device.
  • the present invention exploits the fact that particularly for cost reasons the transponder chip of an RFID transponder in which, for example, backscatter modulation is performed will be designed not on a narrowband basis for just one specific operating frequency but on a relatively broadband basis. As a result, only one chip variant will have to be developed that can be used, for example, for transponder labels of different regions, such as Europe, the USA and Asia. It is more favorable also from a technical view point not to explicitly restrict the backscatter modulator in its frequency response.
  • the backscatter modulator in the transponder chip will even in the presence of a—particularly higher—frequency that differs from the selected RFID operating frequency make a sufficiently large change in its reflectance factor available to be able to benefit from the chip's backscatter functionality also at higher frequencies.
  • the present invention builds on the fact that an RFID transponder whose position and possibly whose speed and/or direction of movement is/are to be determined will be irradiated not just by the reading device with the corresponding interrogation signal having a typical RFID operating frequency but ideally simultaneously by at least one radar module with a corresponding radar signal having a large bandwidth and a frequency differing from the RFID operating frequency.
  • the RFID transponder With the inventive method for determining a position of an RFID transponder configured to receive and reflect a power-supply carrier signal emitted by an RFID reading device at an RFID frequency and a radar signal emitted by a radar module at a radar frequency, the RFID transponder is irradiated by the radar module with the radar signal. The radar signal is thereupon reflected by the RFID transponder and the reflected radar signal is received on the radar module. The RFID transponder's position can now be determined from the reflected radar signal received on the radar module.
  • the radar signal is emitted simultaneously with the power-supply carrier signal.
  • Interrogation data for interrogating and/or reading out the transponder is modulated in phases onto the power-supply carrier signal.
  • the radar signal will therein be emitted only if no data is modulated onto the power-supply carrier signal.
  • the radar signal is emitted as soon as the interrogation data has finished being modulated onto the power-supply carrier signal.
  • the power-supply carrier signal and radar signal have different frequencies.
  • the radar signal's bandwidth is moreover larger than that of the power-supply carrier signal.
  • a speed and/or direction of movement of the RFID transponder will furthermore advantageously be determined alongside its position from the reflected radar signal received on the radar module.
  • the radar signal will be modulated, i.e., backscatter-modulated, in the RFID transponder prior to reflecting, with data that at least includes an identification number of the RFID transponder and/or contents of a data memory of the RFID transponder being modulated onto the radar signal during modulating.
  • the thus modulated reflected signal is received in the radar module and evaluated in terms of the data modulated onto the signal.
  • the interrogation data can hence also be ascertained independently of the RFID reading device.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by an arrangement for determining a position of an RFID transponder including a radar module for emitting a radar signal at a radar frequency.
  • the RFID transponder is configured to receive and reflect the emitted radar signal and a power-supply carrier signal emitted by an RFID reading device at an RFID frequency.
  • the radar module is for its part is configured to receive the radar signal reflected by the RFID transponder.
  • the arrangement furthermore has an evaluation device linked to the radar module for determining the RFID transponder's position using the received, reflected radar signal.
  • the RFID reading device and radar module are advantageously permanently joined to each other and in particular share a housing. As a result, a compact device is achieved by which precise measuring of the transponder's position is possible alongside identifying the transponder.
  • the power-supply carrier signal and radar signal furthermore have different frequencies and the radar signal's bandwidth is larger than that of the power-supply carrier signal.
  • the RFID transponder advantageously has a modulator, i.e., a backscatter modulator, which is configured to modulate data that includes an identification number of the RFID transponder and/or contents of a data memory of the RFID transponder onto the radar signal prior to reflecting.
  • the evaluation device is configured to evaluate the modulated, reflected radar signal in terms of the data modulated onto it. What is achieved thereby is that data can be modulated not only onto the RFID signal but also onto the radar signal.
  • the radar module can hence be used both for measuring the position of the transponder and identifying the transponder.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B therein show the temporal sequence of the inventive distance measuring.
  • FIG. 1A Shown in FIG. 1A are an RFID reading device 10 , an RFID transponder 20 and a radar module 30 , each having an antenna 11 , 21 , 31 .
  • the position, speed, and direction of movement of transponder 20 are to be ascertained.
  • a computer 40 Provided in reading device 10 is a computer 40 and, alongside antenna 21 , transponder 20 has a transponder chip 22 having a data memory 23 and a backscatter modulator 24 .
  • Radar module 30 has an evaluation device 32 .
  • Interrogation data M A is modulated onto the power-supply carrier signal S rfid only in phases, i.e., in a temporally not uninterrupted manner, meaning the power-supply carrier signal S rfid will in part be emitted also in non-modulated fashion.
  • Transponder 20 is supplied with energy by power-supply carrier signal S rfid , awakes and demodulates the request. Those processes are to that extent sufficiently known.
  • FIG. 1B The situation is shown in FIG. 1B at a later instant at which data has stopped being transmitted from reading device 10 to transponder 20 , so when no further interrogation data M A is being modulated onto carrier signal S rfid .
  • the non-modulated power-supply carrier S rfid continues being transmitted, though, in order to supply transponder 20 with power so that back-scatter modulating, performed by backscatter modulator 24 of transponder 20 , and hence response A rfid by transponder 20 is made possible.
  • Radar module 30 simultaneously irradiates transponder 20 with a broadband electromagnetic signal S radar to determine the transponder's distance, speed, and direction of movement.
  • Reading device 10 receives backscatter-modulated response signal A rfid of transponder 20 and evaluates it in a known manner in keeping with the requested data, such as identification number and contents of memory 23 of transponder 20 .
  • transponder 20 while transponder 20 is using its backscatter modulator 24 to send response signal A rfid to reading device 10 , transponder 20 is simultaneously irradiated with signal S radar of radar module 30 .
  • the 5.8-GHz ISM band having a bandwidth B radar of approximately 150 MHz is likewise suitable.
  • a frequency range for distance measuring with the aid of radar module 30 it is fundamentally decisive for a frequency range to be selected in the case of which as high as possible a bandwidth is available.
  • Radar signal S radar is reflected as is power-supply carrier signal S rfid by transponder 20 and finally returns to radar module 30 where it is received in the form of a response signal S radar .
  • the required measured values i.e., the position, speed, and/or direction of movement of transponder 20 , can then be determined with a low error factor owing to the high bandwidth B radar in an evaluation device 32 belonging to radar module 30 from radar signal A radar reflected by transponder 20 .
  • Reading device 10 is typically linked to a computer 40 on which suitable software, for example, middleware, has been installed.
  • the measured values ascertained by radar module 30 are transmitted over, for example, a radio link to computer 40 , where the measured values in relation to reading device 10 are finally computed.
  • Computer 40 can be integrated in a housing of reading device 10 . It is alternatively possible to use a central computer (not shown) that communicates with reading device 10 over a radio link.
  • radar module 30 also to communicate with computer 40 over a radio link to transmit the measured values to computer 40 .
  • the cited conversions into measured values referred to reading device 10 can, where applicable, then take place in computer 40 .
  • the aforementioned evaluation device 32 belonging to radar module 30 can be realized by the central computer 40 so that no data processing takes place in radar module 30 itself and the process of actually determining the measured values “position”, “speed”, and/or “direction of movement” is relocated to computer 40 .
  • Radar module 30 and reading device 10 can furthermore be permanently joined to each other by sharing a housing, for example. It can in that case be assumed that the position of transponder 20 that is determined by means of radar module 30 and refers initially only to radar module 30 can be equated with a position of transponder 20 referred to reading device 10 .
  • a customary radar-technology method for determining the spacing or distance between radar module 30 and transponder 20 is, for example, to measure the propagation time, while the speed of transponder 20 can be determined with the aid of a Doppler measurement or by the change in distance over time.
  • the direction of movement can likewise be ascertained by a Doppler measurement, with it being necessary to evaluate only the sign of the Doppler shift.
  • the direction of movement can be determined also by the change in distance over time.
  • Other methods for ascertaining the measured values “distance”, “speed” and “direction of movement” can of course also be used and will be well known to a person skilled in the relevant art.
  • radar signal S radar emitted by radar module 30 and received on transponder 20 is also modulated by backscatter modulator 24 prior to reflecting.
  • Signal A radar reflected by transponder 20 and in turn received on radar module 30 is accordingly a backscatter-modulated signal on the basis of which for example the identification number of transponder 20 and the contents of memory 23 of transponder 20 can be ascertained also on radar module 30 .
  • Backscatter modulating of the radar signal in particular makes transponder 20 stand out from what are termed passive radar objectives such as walls, ceilings, steel girders, goods and/or persons and allows it to be clearly visible in the receive signal of radar module 30 .
  • radar module 30 can be used not merely for ascertaining the measured values but also for demodulating the data sent by transponder 20 through backscatter modulating. Radar module 30 can, for example, receive the identification number of transponder 20 and link the ascertained distance etc. to the identification number. That is highly advantageous in a decentralized system in which reading device 10 and one or even more radar module(s) 30 are arranged in a spatially distributed manner because the measured quantity can then for a unique assignment be provided with the identification number of transponder 20 .
  • Reading device 10 can also be simplified in its functionality such that it will only provide power-supply carrier S rfid at operating frequency f rfid and modulate the request onto it, while the processes of receiving and evaluating the backscattered data are completely relocated to radar module 30 .
  • a large number of favorable reading devices serving merely to supply the transponders with power would hence be conceivable.
  • Identifying of transponder 20 can alternatively also occur in reading device 10 , while evaluating the backscatter-modulated response of transponder 20 can also occur in radar module 30 alongside determining the position, speed and/or direction of movement of transponder 20 .
  • Reading device 10 would in that embodiment only have the function of providing or emitting the power-supply carrier signal S rfid modulated in phases with interrogation data and the function of identifying transponder 20 .
  • a special embodiment of backscatter modulating is advantageous for evaluating reflected radar signal A radar in radar module 30 .
  • the data requiring to be conveyed by transponder 20 to reading device 10 is usually encoded before being emitted, with encoding methods FMO, Miller and Manchester being customary. It is therein ensured that, for example, the emission of a “000000000” bit sequence will not mean that backscattering never changes over because a response of such kind would be undetectable.
  • the encoding methods therefore make sure that the backscatter modulator has a mean changeover frequency that varies in cadence with the bit sequence. Varying of the changeover frequency will then constitute the bit sequence requiring to be transmitted and can be detected in reading device 10 .
  • radar module 30 It is especially advantageous for radar module 30 if the backscatter-modulation frequency is constant. That can be achieved by writing a bit sequence into memory area 23 of transponder 20 before distance measuring, the reading out of which sequence will result in backscatter modulating at a constant frequency.
  • transponder chip 22 is, as mentioned, as a rule of broadband design
  • antenna 21 of transponder 20 will not have been optimized for a frequency range differing from RFID operating frequency f rfid .
  • the transponder can also be located multi-dimensionally if the radar modules are arranged in a spatially distributed manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
US13/148,915 2009-02-10 2009-09-10 Method and System for Determining the Distance, Speed, and/or Direction of Movement of an RFID Transponder Abandoned US20120050016A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009008174.7 2009-02-10
DE102009008174A DE102009008174A1 (de) 2009-02-10 2009-02-10 Verfahren und System zur Bestimmung der Entfernung, der Geschwindigkeit und/oder der Bewegungsrichtung eines RFID-Transponders
PCT/EP2009/061729 WO2010091746A1 (fr) 2009-02-10 2009-09-10 Procédé et système pour déterminer la distance, la vitesse et/ou la direction de déplacement d'une étiquette rfid

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US (1) US20120050016A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2396670A1 (fr)
CN (2) CN102301256A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009008174A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010091746A1 (fr)

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EP3798664A1 (fr) 2019-09-30 2021-03-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif radio et / ou optique d'identification des objets, système d'identification des objets et dispositif d'identification des objets
CN113702962A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2021-11-26 云米互联科技(广东)有限公司 实时定位方法、云端服务器、实时定位系统和存储介质
EP3916419A1 (fr) 2020-05-27 2021-12-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de radiolocalisation et station de base
EP3933428A1 (fr) 2020-06-30 2022-01-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de radiolocalisation, station de base et dispositif d'évaluation
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EP2396670A1 (fr) 2011-12-21
CN102301256A (zh) 2011-12-28
CN105022058A (zh) 2015-11-04
DE102009008174A1 (de) 2010-08-19

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