EP2394741B1 - Tool insert for a device for grinding lump material and device comprising such an insert - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tool insert for a device for comminuting lumpy material, with a striking portion having on its free outer side a striking surface, which meets the material to be comminuted in practical use, and with a mounting portion facing away from the club face Side is connected to the impact portion and serves for releasably securing the tool insert in the device. Such tool inserts are, for example, protective caps or hammers of rotors which are used in crushers or shredders for crushing rock, demolition materials, motor vehicles and the like. Such device is eg off US 484 86 81 known.

Likewise, the invention relates to such a device for crushing lumpy material, which is equipped with a tool insert of the type in question here. Such devices are used for example for crushing metal, rock or demolition materials. Their tool inserts are exposed to extreme loads, both in the area of their striking surfaces which are directly in contact with the material to be comminuted, and in the area of their surfaces Suspended attachment section in which they are stored in the respective crushing machine.

The tool inserts are usually mounted in a crushing devices of the type in question here pivotally mounted on a rotor or fixed. For this purpose, the rotor has a plurality of axles mounted in the rotor, on each of which at least one tool insert is pivotally mounted or fixed via a bearing eye formed in its mounting portion. The pivotally mounted tools can thus perform oscillations in operation during a corresponding rotational movement of the rotor in operation, so that they smash the material striking them with particularly high kinetic energy.

Usually, the tool inserts are made as castings. But they can also be manufactured as a welded construction, as a burning part or as a forged part.

From practice tool inserts are known, which are designed as a so-called "monoblock". Simple versions of this block-like striking tools consisting of a single casting material generally have a uniform hardness over their cross section and their length. In contrast, better adapted to the loads occurring monoblock tools exposed to the impact of the beating load in practical use impact section is harder, while the bearing section has a tougher, less hard structure and is thus able better tolerate the dynamic loads occurring in practice in the area of the bearing eye.

Also in practice impact-loaded tools are used, in which inlays are embedded in the impact body in the region of the impact surface ( DE 195 28 512 A1 ).

As a result of the impacting impulses impinging on their striking surfaces during the comminution process, the impact portions of the tool inserts are subjected to a high impacting abrasive wear. Therefore, they must be replaced at regular intervals.

In known, for example in the DE 197 56 275 C1 or the DE 199 27 765 A1 described crushing devices of the type specified are for this purpose the axes borne by the rotor, on which the tool inserts are pivotally mounted, pulled and the rotor rotated until the tool inserts fall out of the rotor due to gravity.

When installing new tool inserts then their mounting portions are used with their bearing opening in the existing space in the region of the free space. Subsequently, the bearing axis is inserted through the corresponding receiving openings of the bearing and the bearing openings of the mounting portion of the respective tool insert, so that the tool insert can oscillate back and forth on the axis.

Since the tool inserts usually have a high weight and occupy a large volume, both the installation of new tool inserts as well as the dismantling of worn tool inserts time-consuming and arduous. In addition, the assembly work is made more difficult by the tight spatial conditions and the shape of the tool inserts, which makes it particularly difficult to couple a crane with them so that the tool insert can be positioned accurately in a simple manner.

Against this background, the object of the invention was to provide a tool insert available, which can be mounted with less effort in a device for crushing lumpy material. In addition, a device for crushing lumpy material should be specified, the tool insert can be replaced in a relatively simple manner.

With respect to the tool insert, this object has been achieved by a designed according to claim 1 tool insert. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims on claim 1.

With regard to the device for the comminution of lumpy material, the solution according to the invention of the above-mentioned object consists in a device designed according to claim 11. An advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention is specified in the claim back to claim 11.

The invention provides a tool insert for a device for comminuting lumpy material available, which in accordance with the above state of the art explained a striking portion having on its free outer side a striking surface, which meets the material to be crushed in practical use, and having a mounting portion which is connected on a side facing away from the club face with the striking portion and for releasably securing the Tool insert in the device is used.

According to the invention, in the new state of the tool insert, at least one impact point projecting from the striking surface is present at least on the striking section, to which a suspension element can be coupled. This standing on the striking surface anchor point is freely accessible and can be easily reached by the fitter. Accordingly, it is simple, a suspension means, such as a lifting strap or rope to couple with the tool insert according to the invention, for coupling the respective support means of course also suitable, supported by the support means stop means, such as hooks or shackles, can be used. Then then the tool insert can be brought by means of a crane or the like in its mounting position and held until the bearing shaft is mounted on which the tool insert is mounted in its fully assembled position.

Of course, two or more protrusions in accordance with the invention may be present on the striking surface, if this is expedient for reasons of manipulability of the tool insert during its assembly. This can be displayed, for example, if the Tool insert very large or the space is very cramped, so that a particularly secure and accurate positioning of the tool insert is required.

Once the tool according to the invention is positioned, the existing on his club face stopper is no longer needed. In this case, the invention takes targeted purchase that the attachment point is very quickly destroyed and removed so quickly by being hit on him to be shredded material that it is no longer available after a short period of use. The impact point present on the striking surface thus has almost no influence on the normal function and the impact force which the tool insert produces in practical use.

Since the invention provided on the club face stopper is used only during assembly, it can be attached to the tool insert in any way. It is only essential that the connection between the tool insert and the attachment point is sufficient to safely absorb the loads occurring during assembly of a new insert. One possibility for this is to materially connect the attachment point, ie, for example, by welding, gluing, soldering or in a comparable manner to the impact section.

It is also conceivable to form the attachment point in one piece to the impact section. This possibility proves to be particularly advantageous when the tool insert according to the invention is produced by casting.

To ensure that the attachment point is already completely leveled after a short period of use, so that a uniformly shaped, a correspondingly uniform impact result ensuring striking surface is present on the tool, the attachment point may have a predetermined breaking point in the region of its transition to the impact section at which the Anchor point intentionally breaks when hitting the material to be shredded.

In order to simplify the coupling of the suspension element used in each case, the attachment point may have a passage opening. He may, for example, be hook-shaped, so that a tape or rope can be coupled in a simple manner directly to the tool insert.

Alternatively, it is also possible to mold the abutment point in the manner of a provided with a stop edge for coupling the support means pocket-shaped recess in the face of the striking portion. In this case, the stop edge may be formed as a web which extends freely over the pocket-shaped recess of the attachment point. In the case that the pocket-shaped recess is formed in the manner of a cavity in the impact section, but the stop edge can also be formed on the insertion opening of the cavity bounding edge of the roof section, through which the recess is covered to the face of the impact section. Regardless of how the bag-shaped attachment point is formed, an advantage of this embodiment is that the tool inserts according to the invention in this Design can be stored in the new state without problems resting on their face resting until they are installed in the respective crushing device.

Basically, the inventive design proves to be advantageous in all heavy and large-volume impact tool inserts, which can be moved due to their high weight only with the help of a crane or a comparable lifting device. The possibility opened by the invention of a simple and yet accurate positioning of the tool insert has a particularly favorable effect if the fastening section has a bearing opening for the pivotable fastening of the tool insert in the device for comminuting lumpy material, if the tool insert according to the invention is therefore intended to to be stored on an axle or shaft in the respective device. This applies in particular when the storage is a pivotable storage, which does not counteract the tool insert to be mounted.

In addition to the impact point present on the impact surface of a tool insert according to the invention when new, the attachment section also has an attachment point for the releasable coupling of a suspension element. Depending on the construction of the respective comminution device and the spatial conditions, this attachment point can be used, for example, during the assembly of a tool insert according to the invention for coupling a rope or band with which the alignment of the insert at the assembly location is supported. Especially useful proves the existing on the fastener, for coupling a suspension means certain attachment point, however, during disassembly. Thus, the exposed in practical operation no wear attachment point for safe coupling of those suspension means can be used with which a worn tool insert is removed after its dismantling. For this purpose, the attachment point in the manner of an eyelet having a through hole for coupling the support means or be formed, for example, hook-shaped. If the space occupied by a protruding abutment point is not available in the respective comminution device, it is also conceivable to form the abutment point in the manner of a pocket formed in the attachment section into which the suspension element engages for coupling.

A particularly uniform, the pivoting movement of the respective tool insert only slightly influencing mass distribution results when the impact section associated with the stop point and the attachment point of the attachment portion for coupling each support means each have a through hole and the attachment portion has a bearing opening and if the centers of the Through openings and the bearing opening lie on a straight line.

In addition, a tool insert according to the invention can be produced inexpensively by being produced by casting technology, in particular from a cast iron alloy, with the zones of the tool insert subjected to particularly wear being subjected to wear Of course, reinforcing elements may be cast from another, higher-strength and less wear-sensitive material.

In a device according to the invention for the comminution of lumpy material, the above-explained advantages of the invention can be utilized by comprising at least one tool insert designed according to the invention onto which the material to be comminuted meets in the tool insert, wherein a bearing is provided in the device on which the tool insert is releasably secured with its attachment portion. This is especially true when the tool insert according to the invention is pivotally mounted on the bearing in question, because the existing on the impact surface of the tool insert, for coupling a suspension means certain attachment point allows it in a particularly simple manner, the tool insert by means of a crane or a similar support means assemble.

Fig. 1

einen ersten Werkzeugeinsatz in seitlicher Ansicht;

Fig. 2

den in Fig. 1 gezeigten Werkzeugeinsatz in einem Schnitt entlang der in Fig. 1 eingezeichneten Schnittlinie A-A;

Fig. 3

einen zweiten Werkzeugeinsatz in seitlicher Ansicht;

Fig. 4

den in Fig. 3 gezeigten Werkzeugeinsatz in einem Schnitt entlang der in Fig. 1 eingezeichneten Schnittlinie B-B;

Fig. 5

eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von stückigem Material in geschnittener Ansicht;

Fig. 6

einen dritten Werkzeugeinsatz in einer Fig. 2 entsprechenden Schnittdarstellung;

Fig. 7

einen vierten Werkzeugeinsatz in einer Fig. 2 entsprechenden Schnittdarstellung.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing illustrating an exemplary embodiment. Each show schematically:

Fig. 1

a first tool insert in a side view;

Fig. 2

the in Fig. 1 shown tool insert in a section along in Fig. 1 drawn section line AA;

Fig. 3

a second tool insert in lateral view;

Fig. 4

the in Fig. 3 shown tool insert in a section along in Fig. 1 drawn section line BB;

Fig. 5

a device for crushing lumpy material in a sectional view;

Fig. 6

a third tool insert in one Fig. 2 corresponding sectional view;

Fig. 7

a fourth tool insert in one Fig. 2 corresponding sectional view.

In the in the Figures 1 and 2 shown tool insert 1 is a cast in one piece from cast iron protective cap for a rotor R of a device S for crushing lumpy material M in material parts MT, as shown in Fig. 5 are shown.

The tool insert 1, which is shaped in a manner known per se, has a striking section 2 and a fastening section 3 connected thereto.

The beating section 2 is crown-like in the radial direction outwardly curved so that it is arcuate in side view. It has a thickness D2 measured in the radial direction and a width B2 measured in the axial direction. Its outer striking surface 5 accordingly has the shape of a cylindrical surface portion.

The attachment portion 3 is integrally formed on the inside of the impact portion 2 and has a centrally located in the side view with respect to the impact portion 2 central region 6, measured in the axial direction width B6 is less than the width B2 of the impact portion 2. Based on the width B2 of the impact section 2, the central region 6 is arranged off-center, so that the impact section 2, as in Fig. 2 shown on the one side laterally beyond the central region 6 also out than on the opposite side.

In the central region 6, a bearing opening 7 is formed. Its center lies on a degree G, which halves the angle covered by the impact section 2 angle range. The axis of rotation X of the bearing opening 7 is aligned axially parallel to the axis about which the impact portion 2 is curved with its face 5. The bearing opening 7 serves to fasten the tool insert 1 on the rotor R of the device S.

Laterally to the central region 6 of the attachment portion 3 are each web-like, aligned transversely to the axis X aligned support areas 8.9, each of which supports one of the projecting beyond the central region 6 portion of the striking portion 2 against the central region 6.

In the new condition, there are two stop points 10, 11 formed in the manner of eyelets on the striking face 5, which project from the striking face 5. The attachment points 10,11 each have a passage opening 12,13, whose longitudinal axis aligned axially parallel to the axis X. is. Based on the width B2 of the impact section 2 ( Fig. 2 ) are the projections 10,11 aligned so that they are centered to a running through the center of gravity P of the tool insert 1 normal to the club face 5, while in side view ( Fig. 1 ) Seen in each case at the same distance from their associated narrow side 14,15 of the striking portion 2 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the degrees G.

The respective passage opening 12,13 of the attachment points 10,11 is formed so that with the attachment points 10,11 each one in Fig. 1 only indicated by dashed lines support means T1, T2, such as a rope or band, by means of a suitable stop means 16,17, such as a hook or shackle, can be coupled to be attached to a crane, not shown here. The arrangement of the attachment points 10,11 is chosen so that when hinged suspension means T1, T2 results in a triangular suspension through which the tool insert 1, despite its high weight in a transport storage stable hanging on a crane.

In the embodiment shown here, the attachment points 10,11 are integrally connected to the tool insert 1 by they have been cast directly to him during the casting production of the tool insert 1. Equally, however, it is also possible to prefabricate the attachment points 10, 11 separately and then fasten them in a suitable manner to the impact section 2.

In practical use, the impact section 3 of the tool insert 1 is exposed to high impact loads due to material to be comminuted or fragments of the material striking its face 5. These loads are so high that the attachment points 10,11 are already removed after a short period of use and the impact surface 5 has a substantially uniformly curved shape in the region of the attachment points 10,11. The rapid removal of the attachment points 10, 11 can be assisted by the fact that in the area of the transitions 18, 19 of the attachment points 10, 11 to the impact surface 5, a material weakening 20 is specifically provided. The respective material weakening 20 may be designed as a predetermined breaking point at which the attachment points 10, 11 break when material strikes the attachment points 10, 11 from a direction deviating from a normal on the striking surface 5. In this way, despite the respective material weakening 20 ensures that the attachment points 10,11 can safely absorb the weight forces occurring during transport and assembly of the tool insert 1.

At its side facing away from the impact surface 5, an abutment point 21 designed in the manner of an eyelet is likewise integrally formed on the central region 6 of the tool insert 1 and projects beyond the rear outer surface 22 of the central region 6. The passage opening 23 of the attachment point 21 is aligned and formed as the through holes 12,13 of the attachment points 10,11, so that for disassembly or to support the assembly with the attachment point 21 easily a suitable support means 24, such as a rope or belt, either directly or via one Slings 25 serving hooks or shackles can be coupled with the tool insert 1. The support means 24 and the respective stop means 25 are in Fig. 1 also indicated only by dashed lines.

When in the FIGS. 3 and 4 as well as 6 and 7 shown tool inserts 31,43,44 are each a casting technology produced in one piece hammer, as it is also typically mounted on the rotor R of the device S.

The basic shape of the tool inserts 31,43,44, which are also cast in one piece from cast iron material, corresponds to the basic form of commercially available impact hammers for shredders. Correspondingly, the tool inserts 31, 43, 44 each have a barrel-shaped outwardly arched, in side view arcuately curved, striking portion 32 of thickness D32 measured in the radial direction and width B32 measured in the axial direction. The outwardly directed impact surface 33 of the impact portion 32 is respectively curved in a corresponding manner and forms as the impact surface 3 of the tool insert 1 a section of a hollow cylinder jacket surface.

On the side facing away from the impact surface 33 side of the impact portion 32 each one with respect to the impact portion 32 centrally aligned mounting portion 34 is formed, which has a bearing opening 35. The center of the bearing opening 35 coincides in this case with the center of the curvature of the impact portion 32. Your longitudinal axis is right Accordingly, coincide with the axis of rotation D, around which the tool insert 31 oscillates in practical use.

When the tool insert 31 is in the new condition on the striking surface 32 a trained in the manner of an eyelet, integrally molded on the tool insert 31 abutment point 36 is present, which protrudes from the striking surface 33. Like the attachment points 10, 11 of the tool insert 1, the attachment point 36 has a passage opening 37 whose longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation D. In this case, the stopper point 36 is positioned at a central location on the striking surface 32. Due to the symmetrical mass distribution of the tool insert 31, it is thus aligned centrally with respect to the position of a normal through the center of gravity P 'of the tool insert 31 normal to the striking surface 33. On its side facing away from the impact surface 32 opposite to the attachment point 36 to the attachment portion 34 of the tool insert 31 another formed in the manner of an eyelet abutment point 38 is formed, which projects from the associated outer surface 39 of the mounting portion 34. The passage opening 40 of the attachment point 38 is aligned and formed like the passage opening 37 of the attachment point 36.

The through holes 37,40 of the attachment points 36,38 are aligned and designed so that with them for disassembly or assembly each problem with a suitable support means 41, such as a rope or band, either directly or via a serving as a stop means 42 hook or shackle the tool insert 31 can be coupled. In Fig. 3 are the respective support means 41 and the stop means 42 also indicated in each case only by dashed lines.

Because of the high impact loads due to the material to be shredded, the stop point 36 arranged on the impact surface 32 is already worn away after a short period of use, so that the impact surface 32 soon also has a substantially uniformly curved shape in the area of the attachment point 36.

When the tool insert 43 is formed in a new state in the impact surface 32 at a central position in the manner of a pocket in the tool insert 43 trained stopper 45. The attachment points 45 thereby has a stop edge 46 which extends over its pocket-shaped recess and against which the respective lifting means comes to a stop.

Depending on the manner of casting production, the stop edge 45, as in Fig. 6 shown to be designed as a freestanding bridge. In the case that, as in Fig. 7 indicated that the stopper point 45 is formed in the tool insert 44 as a pocket 47 formed in the impact portion 32 in the manner of a cavity, but the stop edge 48 provided there may also be formed on the insertion opening 49 of the cavity 47 upwardly bounding edge of the roof section by which the cavity 46 is covered towards the striking surface 33 of the striking portion 32.

Regardless of how the respective stop edge 45,48 is formed, it extends in each case transversely to the axis of rotation D, to allow easy hooking of the respective lifting means 50 (hook).

At the in Fig. 5 Device S shown is a shredder known per se, as used for example for crushing lumpy, large-volume material M, such as automobile bodies, rubble, overburden or larger rocks. The material M and parts obtained after comminution MT are in Fig. 5 indicated only by arrows.

The device S comprises a rotor R, which rotates about a rotational axis DR. Distributed on its circumference at regular angular intervals are on the rotor R six serving as impact hammers tool inserts 31 are arranged. The tool inserts 31 are each pivotally mounted on a guided through their respective bearing opening 35 axis 51 so that they perform in practical operation due to the rotation of the rotor R pendulum movements about their respective assigned axis 51.

The remaining between the tool inserts 31 spaces are occupied by serving as baffles tool inserts 1. The tool inserts 1 are held immovably by means of their respective bearing opening 7 pushed axes 52 on the rotor R.

To disassemble worn tool inserts 1.31, the respectively assigned axis 51, 52 is pulled, so that the respective tool insert 1, 3 is separated from the rotor R. Subsequently, to the intact, before the beating load respectively protected rear anchor point 21,38 a suspension means of a crane not shown here coupled and the respective tool insert 1,31 be transported away.

For mounting a on its attachment points 10,11 or 36 safely on the crane, not shown hanging tool insert 1 or 31 is transported and aligned so that the associated axis 51,52 are inserted with comparatively little effort through its respective bearing opening 7,35 can. REFERENCE NUMBERS component 1 tool insert 2 Impact section of the tool bit 1 3 Attachment section of the tool insert 1 5 Striking surface of the striking section 2 6 central region of the attachment section 3 7 Bearing opening of the tool insert 1 8, 9 Supporting regions of the fastening section 3 10, 11 Lifting points 12, 13 Through openings of the attachment points 10,11 14, 15 Narrow sides of the striking section 2 16, 17 Slings, such as hooks or shackles 18, 19 Transitions of the attachment points 10,11 to club face 5 20 material weaknesses 21 anchorage point 22 rearward outer surface of the central region 6 23 Through opening of the attachment point 21st 24 support means 25 slings 31 tool insert 32 Impact portion of the tool bit 31 33 Playing surface 34 Attachment section of the tool insert 31 35 Bearing opening of the tool insert 31 36 anchorage point 37 Through opening of the stop 36th 38 anchorage point 39 Outer surface of the attachment portion 34 40 Through opening of the attachment point 38 41 support means 42 Slings 43 43 tool insert 44 tool insert 45 Lifting points of the tool inserts 43,44 46 stop edge 47 cavity 48 stop edge 49 Insertion opening of the cavity 47 50 lifting equipment 51 axes 52 axes B2 Width of the beat section 2 B32 Width of the striking section 32 B6 Width of the attachment section 3 D axis of rotation D2 Thickness of the striking section 2 D32 Thickness of the impact section 32 Dr Rotary axis of the rotor R G Grade M Material to be shredded MT Material parts obtained by comminution P Center of gravity of the tool insert 1 P ' Center of gravity of the tool insert 31 R Rotor of the device S S Device for crushing motor vehicles T1, T2 Suspension means, such as rope or band X Rotary axis of the bearing opening 7

Claims (12)

1. Tool insert for a device (S) for comminuting lump material (M), having an impact portion (2, 32) which has at the free outer side thereof an impact face (5, 33) which the material (M) to be comminuted strikes during practical use, and having a securing portion (3, 34) which is connected at a side facing away from the impact face (5, 33) to the impact portion (2, 32) and which is used for releasable securing of the tool insert (1, 31) in the device (S), wherein in the new state of the tool insert (1, 31) on the impact portion (2, 32) there is provided at least one stop location (10, 11, 36, 44) which protrudes from the impact face (5, 33) and to which a carrier means (T1, T2, 41) can be connected, characterised in that there is additionally provided on the securing portion (3, 34) a stop location (21, 38) to which a carrier means (24, 41) can also be connected.
2. Tool insert according to claim 1, characterised in that the stop location (10, 11, 36, 44) is connected to the impact portion (2, 32) in a materially engaging manner.
3. Tool insert according to claim 1, characterised in that the stop location (10, 11, 36, 44) is formed integrally on the impact portion (2, 32).
4. Tool insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the stop location (10, 11) has a desired breaking location (20) in the region of the transition thereof to the impact portion (2, 32).
5. Tool insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the stop location (10, 11) has an opening (12, 13, 23) for connecting the carrier means (T1, T2, 41).
6. Tool insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the stop location is constructed in a hook-like manner.
7. Tool insert according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the stop location (44) is formed in the impact face (33) of the impact portion (32) in the manner of a pocket-like recess (46) which is provided with an impact edge (45, 47) for connecting the carrier means (41).
8. Tool insert according to claim 7, characterised in that the impact edge (45) of the stop location (44) is constructed as a web which extends freely over the pocket-like recess (46) of the stop location (44).
9. Tool insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the securing portion (3, 34) has a bearing opening (7, 35) for pivotably securing the tool insert (1, 31) in the device (S).
10. Tool insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is produced as a cast component, forged component, welded construction or flame-cut component.
11. Device for comminuting lump material (M), having a tool insert (1, 31) which is constructed in accordance with one of the preceding claims and which the material (M) to be comminuted strikes during practical use, and having a bearing to which the tool insert (1, 31) is releasably secured with the securing portion (3, 34) thereof.
12. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that the tool insert (1, 31) is pivotably supported on the bearing.

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