DK2394741T3 - Tool effort to an interior to locate the allocation of a piece of material and an interior that are equipped with such action - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a tool insert for a device for comminuting lump material, having an impact portion which has at the free outer side thereof an impact face which the material to be comminuted strikes during practical use, and having a securing portion which is connected at a side facing away from the impact face to the impact portion and which is used for releasable securing of the tool insert in the device. Such tool inserts are, for example, protective caps or hammers of rotors which are used in breakers or shredders for comminuting stone, demolition materials, motor vehicles and the like. Such a device is known, for example, from US 4848681.

The invention also relates to such a device for comminuting lump material which is provided with a tool insert of the type in question here. Such devices are used, for example, to comminute metal, stone or demolition materials. In this instance, the tool inserts thereof are subjected to extreme loads both in the region of the impact faces thereof which come directly into contact with the material to be comminuted and in the region of the securing portion thereof, in which they are supported in the respective comminution machine.

The tool inserts are in comminution devices of the type in question here generally pivotably supported or fixedly mounted on a rotor. To this end, the rotor has a plurality of shafts which are supported in the rotor and on which at least one tool insert is pivotably supported or fixed in each case by means of a bearing aperture which is formed in the securing portion thereof. The pivotably supported tools can with a corresponding rotational movement of the rotor thus carry out oscillation movements during operation so that they shatter the material which strikes them with particularly high kinetic energy.

Generally, the tool inserts are produced as cast components. However, they may also be produced as a welded construction, a flame-cut component or as a forged component.

In practice, there are known tool inserts which are constructed as so-called "monoblocs". Simple embodiments of these block-like impact tools which comprise a single cast material generally have a uniform hardness over the cross-section and the length thereof. However, with monobloc tools which are better adapted to the loads which occur in each case, the impact portion which is directly subjected to the impacting load during practical use is constructed to be harder, whilst the bearing portion has a tougher, less hard structure and is consequently capable of better withstanding the dynamic loads which occur in practice in the region of the bearing aperture.

There are also used in practice tools which are subjected to impacts and in which in the region of the impact face inlays are cast in the impact body (DE 195 28 512 Al).

As a result of the striking loads which strike the impact faces thereof in a pulse-like manner during the comminution process, the impact portions of the tool inserts are subjected to a high striking abrasive wear. Therefore, they have to be replaced at regular intervals.

In known communition devices of the type set out in the introduction as described, for example, in DE 197 56 275 Cl or DE 199 27 765 Al, to this end the axes, which are carried by the rotor and on which the tool inserts are pivotably supported, are pulled and the rotor is turned until the tool inserts fall out of the rotor as a result of gravitational force .

During the assembly of new tool inserts, the securing portions thereof are then inserted with the bearing opening thereof into the free space provided in the region of the respective bearing. Subsequently, the bearing shaft is inserted through the corresponding receiving openings of the bearing and the bearing openings of the securing portion of the respective tool insert so that the tool insert can oscillate back and forth on the shaft.

Since the tool inserts generally have a high weight and take up a large space, both the assembly of new tool inserts and the disassembly of worn tool inserts is time-consuming and laborious. In this case, the assembly operations are additionally made more difficult by the tight spatial conditions and the shape of the tool inserts, which makes it particularly difficult to couple a crane to them in such a manner that the tool insert can be simply positioned in a precise manner.

Against this background, an object of the invention was to provide a tool insert which can be assembled with less complexity in a device for comminuting lump material. Furthermore, there is intended to be set out a device for comminuting lump material whose tool insert can be replaced in a comparatively simple manner.

With respect to the tool insert, this object has been achieved according to the invention by a tool insert which is constructed in accordance with claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are set out in the claims which are dependent on claim 1.

With regard to the device for comminuting lump material, the solution according to the invention to the problem set out above involves a device which is constructed in accordance with claim 1411. An advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention is set out in the claim which is dependent on claim 4411.

With the invention, there is provided a tool insert for a device for comminuting lump material which, in accordance with the prior art set out in the introduction, has an impact portion which has at the free outer side thereof an impact face which the material to be comminuted strikes during practical use, and has a securing portion which is connected at a side facing away from the impact face to the impact portion and which is used for releasable securing of the tool insert in the device.

According to the invention, in the new state of the tool insert at least on the impact portion there is provided at least one stop location which protrudes from the impact face and to which a carrier means can be connected. This stop location which is located on the impact face is freely accessible and can be readily reached by the respective fitter. It is correspondingly simple to couple a carrier means, such as a lifting band or cable to the tool insert according to the invention, wherein, in order to couple the respective carrier means, it is of course also possible to use suitable stop means which are carried by the carrier means, such as hooks or shackles. Subsequently, the tool insert can then, using a crane or the like, be moved into the assembly position thereof and retained until the bearing shaft on which the tool insert is supported in the completely mounted position thereof is also assembled.

Of course, two or more projections may also be provided on the impact face according to the invention if this is advantageous for reasons of capacity for manipulation of the tool insert during the assembly thereof. This may, for example, be indicated when the tool insert is very large or the spatial relationships are very cramped so that particularly secure and precise positioning of the tool insert is required.

As soon as the tool according to the invention is positioned, the stop location which is provided at the impact face thereof is no longer required. In this instance, the invention selectively accepts that the stop location is very rapidly so powerfully destroyed and removed by material to be comminuted which strikes it that it is already scarcely present even after a short period of use. The stop location which is provided on the impact face thus has in practical use almost no influence on the normal function and the impact power which the tool insert generates during practical use.

Since the stop location which is provided on the impact face according to the invention is used only during the assembly, it can be secured to the tool insert in any desired manner.

The only significant aspect is that the connection between the tool insert and the stop location is sufficient to safely absorb the loads which occur during the assembly of a new insert. One possibility for this is to connect the stop location to the impact portion in a materially engaging manner, that is to say, for example, by means of welding, adhesive bonding, soldering or in a comparable manner.

It is also conceivable to form the stop location integrally on the impact portion. This possibility has been found to be particularly advantageous in particular when the tool insert according to the invention has been produced using casting techniques .

In order to ensure that the stop location is substantially completely levelled, even after a short period of use, so that a uniformly formed impact face which ensures a correspondingly uniform impact result is provided on the tool, the stop location may in the region of the transition thereof to the impact portion have a desired breaking location at which the stop location breaks in a selective manner when the material to be comminuted strikes.

In order to simplify the coupling of the carrier means which is used, the stop location may have a through-opening. In this instance, it may, for example, be constructed in a hook-like manner so that a band or a cable can be directly coupled to the tool insert in a simple manner.

Alternatively, it is also possible to form the stop location in the impact face of the impact portion in the manner of a pocket-like recess which is provided with an impact edge for connecting the carrier means. In this instance, the impact edge may be constructed as a web which extends freely over the pocket-like recess of the stop location. In the event that the pocket-like recess is formed in the manner of a cavity in the impact portion, however, the impact edge may also be constructed on the edge of the roof portion, which edge delimits the introduction opening of the cavity and by means of which the recess is covered in the direction towards the impact face of the impact portion. Regardless of how the pocket-like stop location is constructed, an advantage of this construction is that the tool inserts according to the invention in this embodiment can also readily be supported so as to be positioned on the impact face thereof in the new

State until they are installed in the respective comminution device .

In principle, the embodiment according to the invention has been found to be advantageous with all heavy and large-volume impact tool inserts which, as a result of their heavy weight, can only be moved using a crane or a comparable lifting device. The possibility afforded by the invention of a simple and therefore precise positioning of the tool insert is found to be particularly advantageous when the securing portion has a bearing opening for pivotably securing the tool insert in the device for comminuting lump material, when the tool insert according to the invention is thus provided to be supported on an axle or shaft in the respective device. This is particularly the case when the support is a pivotable support which does not form a counter-support for the tool insert to be mounted.

In addition to the stop location which is provided on the impact face of a tool insert according to the invention in the new state, the securing portion also has a stop location for the releasable coupling of a carrier means. In accordance with the construction of the respective comminution device and the spatial relationships, this stop location can, for example, be used in the assembly of a tool insert according to the invention for coupling a cable or band by means of which the orientation of the insert at the assembly location is supported. However, the stop location which is provided on the securing element and which is intended for coupling a carrier means has been found to be particularly advantageous during disassembly. It is thus possible to use the stop location which is not subjected to any wear during practical operation to securely couple that carrier means, by means of which a worn tool insert is transported away after it has been disassembled. To this end, the stop location may have, in the manner of an aperture, a through-opening for coupling the carrier means or may, for example, be constructed in a hooklike manner. If the space occupied by a protruding stop location is not available in the respective comminution device, it is also conceivable to construct the stop location in the manner of a pocket which is formed in the securing portion and in which the carrier means engages for coupling. A particularly uniform mass distribution which influences the pivot movement of the respective tool insert only to a small extent is produced when the stop location which is associated with the impact portion and the stop location of the securing portion each have a through-opening for respectively coupling a carrier means and the securing portion has a bearing opening, and when the central locations of the through-openings and the bearing opening are located on a straight line. A tool insert according to the invention can also be produced in a cost-effective manner by it being produced using casting techniques, in particular from a cast iron alloy, wherein, in the zones of the tool insert particularly subjected to wear, it is of course possible to cast reinforcement elements of another material which is stronger and which is less sensitive to wear.

In a device according to the invention for comminuting lump material, the above-mentioned advantages of the invention can be used in that they comprise at least one tool insert which is constructed according to the invention and which the material to be comminuted strikes in the tool insert, wherein there is provided in the device a bearing to which the tool insert is releasably secured with the securing portion thereof. This is particularly the case when the tool insert according to the invention is pivotably supported on the relevant bearing since the stop location which is provided on the impact face of the tool insert and which is intended for coupling a carrier means enables the tool insert to be mounted in a particularly simple manner using a crane or a comparable carrier device.

The invention is explained in greater detail below with reference to a drawing which illustrates an embodiment. In the schematic drawings:

Figure 1 is a side view of a first tool insert;

Figure 2 is a cross-section of the tool insert shown in Figure 1 along the line of section A-A drawn in

Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a side view of a second tool insert;

Figure 4 is a cross-section of the tool insert shown in Figure 3 along the line of section B-B drawn in Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a sectioned view of a device for comminuting lump material;

Figure 6 is a sectioned illustration of a third tool insert which corresponds to Figure 2;

Figure 7 is a sectioned illustration of a fourth tool insert which corresponds to Figure 2.

The tool insert 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a protective cap which is cast in one piece from cast iron material for a rotor R of a device S for comminuting lump material M into material components MT, as illustrated in Figure 5.

The tool insert 1 which is formed in a manner known per se has an impact portion 2 and a securing portion 3 which is connected thereto.

The impact portion 2 is curved in the manner of a barrelshaped roof in an outward radial direction so that it is arched when viewed from the side. It has a thickness D2 measured in the radial direction and a width B2 measured in an axial direction. The impact face 5 thereof located at the outer side is accordingly in the form of a cylinder surface portion.

The securing portion 3 is formed on the inner side of the impact portion 2 and has a central region 6 which is arranged centrally when viewed from the side with respect to the impact portion 2 and whose width B6 measured in an axial direction is smaller than the width B2 of the impact portion 2. With respect to the width B2 of the impact portion 2, the central region 6 is arranged in an eccentric manner so that the impact portion 2, as illustrated in Figure 2, protrudes at one side laterally beyond the central region 6 to a greater extent than at the opposing side. A bearing opening 7 is formed in the central region 6. The centre point thereof is located on a straight line G which bisects the angular region which is surrounded by the impact portion 2. The rotation axis X of the bearing opening 7 is orientated in an axially parallel manner with respect to the axis about which the impact portion 2 is curved with the impact face 5 thereof. The bearing opening 7 serves to secure the tool insert 1 on the rotor R of the device S.

Laterally in the central region 6 of the securing portion 3, there are connected web-like support regions 8, 9 which are orientated transversely relative to the axis X and which each support a region of the impact portion 2 protruding beyond the central region 6 with respect to the central region 6.

In the new state, there are provided on the impact face 5 two stop locations 10, 11 which are constructed in the manner of apertures and which protrude from the impact face 5. The stop locations 10, 11 each have a through-opening 12, 13 whose longitudinal axis is orientated in an axially parallel manner with respect to the axis X. With respect to the width B2 of the impact portion 2 (Figure 2), the projections 10, 11 are orientated in such a manner that they are orientated centrally with respect to a normal which extends through the centre of gravity P of the tool insert 1 with respect to the impact face 5 whilst, when viewed as a side view (Figure 1), they are each arranged with the same spacing with respect to the narrow side 14, 15 of the impact portion 2 associated therewith in a mirror-symmetrical manner with respect to the straight line G.

The respective through-opening 12, 13 of the stop locations 10, 11 is constructed in such a manner that it is possible to couple to the stop locations 10, 11 a carrier means TI, T2, such as a cable or a band, which is indicated in Figure 1 only by means of dashed lines, by means of a suitable stop means 16, 17, such as a hook or shackle, in order to be suspended on a crane which is not shown here. The arrangement of the stop locations 10, 11 is selected in such a manner that, when the carrier means TI, T2 is suspended, there is produced a triangular suspension by means of which the tool insert 1 in spite of the heavy weight thereof is suspended in a positionally stable manner on a crane during transport.

In the embodiment illustrated here, the stop locations 10, 11 are integrally connected to the tool insert 1 by being directly cast thereon during the technical casting production of the tool insert 1. In the same manner, however, it is also possible to prefabricate the stop locations 10, 11 separately and then to secure them to the impact portion 2 in an appropriate manner.

During practical use, the impact portion 3 of the tool insert 1 is subjected to high impact loads as a result of material to be comminuted or fragments of the material which strikes the impact face 5 thereof. These loads are so high that the stop locations 10, 11 are removed already after a short period of use and the impact face 5 also has in the region of the stop locations 10, 11 a substantially uniformly curved shape. The rapid removal of the stop locations 10, 11 can be supported by a material weakening 20 being selectively provided in the region of the transitions 18, 19 of the stop locations 10, 11 with respect to the impact face 5. The respective material weakening 20 may be constructed as a desired breaking location at which the stop locations 10, 11 break when material strikes the stop locations 10, 11 from a direction which deviates from a normal with respect to the impact face 5. In this manner, in spite of the respective material weakening 20, it is ensured that the stop locations 10, 11 can safely absorb the weight forces which occur during transport and assembly of the tool insert 1.

At the side thereof facing away from the impact face 5, there is also formed on the central region 6 of the tool insert 1 a stop location 21 which is constructed in the manner of an aperture and which protrudes with respect to the rear outer face 22 of the central region 6. The through-opening 23 of the stop location 21 is in this instance orientated in the manner of the through-openings 12, 13 of the stop locations 10, 11 and constructed in such a manner that, for disassembly or in order to support the assembly, a suitable carrier means 24, such as a cable or band, can also be readily coupled to the stop location 21 either directly or by means of a hook or shackle which acts as a stop means 25 with the tool insert 1. The carrier means 24 and the respective stop means 25 are also indicated in Figure 1 only by means of dashed lines.

The tool inserts 31, 43, 44 shown in Figures 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 are hammers which are produced in each case in one piece using casting technology, as are also typically mounted on the rotor R of the device S.

The basic shape of the tool inserts 31, 43, 44 which are also cast in one piece from cast iron material corresponds to the basic shape of commercially available percussion hammers for shredders. Accordingly, the tool inserts 31, 43, 44 each have an impact portion 32 which is curved outwards in the manner of a barrel-like roof and which is curved in an arched manner when viewed from the side and which has a thickness D32 measured in a radial direction and a width B32 measured in an axial direction. The outwardly directed impact face 33 of the impact portion 32 is in each case accordingly curved and forms, similarly to the impact face 3 of the tool insert 1, a cut-out of a hollow cylinder covering face.

At the side of the impact portion 32 facing away from the impact face 33, there is formed a securing portion 34 which is orientated centrally with respect to the impact portion 32 and which has a bearing opening 35. The central location of the bearing opening 35 in this instance coincides with the central location of the curvature of the impact portion 32. The longitudinal axis thereof accordingly coincides with the rotation axis D about which the tool insert 31 oscillates during practical use.

In the tool insert 31 there is provided in the new state on the impact face 32 a stop location 36 which is constructed in the manner of an aperture and which is cast in one piece on the tool insert 31 and which protrudes from the impact face 33. In the same manner as the stop locations 10, 11 of the tool insert 1, the stop location 36 has a through-opening 37 whose longitudinal axis is orientated in an axially parallel manner with respect to the rotation axis D. In this instance, the stop location 36 is positioned at a central location on the impact face 32. As a result of the symmetrical mass distribution of the tool insert 31, it is consequently orientated centrally with respect to the position of a normal which extends through the centre of gravity P' of the tool insert 31 with respect to the impact face 33. At the side thereof facing away from the impact face 32, there is formed opposite the stop location 36 on the securing portion 34 of the tool insert 31 another stop location 38 which is constructed in the manner of an aperture and which protrudes with respect to the associated outer face 39 of the securing portion 34. The through-opening 40 of the stop location 38 is in this instance orientated and constructed in the same manner as the through-opening 37 of the stop location 36.

The through-openings 37, 40 of the stop locations 36, 38 are in this instance orientated and constructed in such a manner that using them, for assembly or disassembly, it is readily possible for a suitable carrier means 41, such as a cable or a band, either directly or by means of a hook or shackle which acts as a stop means 42, to be coupled to the tool insert 31.

In Figure 3, the respective carrier means 41 and the stop means 42 are also each indicated only with dashed lines.

As a result of the high impacting loads resulting from material to be comminuted, the stop location 36 which is arranged on the impact face 32 is also already removed during practical use after a short period of use so that the impact face 32 soon also has a substantially uniformly curved shape in the region of the stop location 36.

In the tool insert 43, in the new state there is formed in the impact face 32 at a central position a stop location 45 which is constructed in the manner of a pocket in the tool insert 43. The stop location 45 has in this instance an impact edge 46 which extends over the pocket-like recess thereof and on which the respective lifting means comes to rest.

Depending on the manner of the technical casting production, the stop edge 45, as shown in Figure 6, may be constructed as a freestanding web. If, as indicated in Figure 7, the stop location 45 in the tool insert 44 is constructed a pocket formed in the manner of a cavity 47 in the impact portion 32, however, the impact edge 48 which is provided at that location may also be constructed on the edge of the roof portion, which edge upwardly delimits the introduction opening 49 of the cavity 47 and by means of which the cavity 46 is covered in the direction towards the impact face 33 of the impact portion 2.

Regardless of how the respective impact edge 45, 48 is constructed, it extends in each case transversely relative to the rotation axis D in order to enable simple engagement of the respective lifting means 50 (hook).

The device S illustrated in Figure 5 is a shredder of a construction type known per se, as used, for example, for comminuting lump, large-volume material M, such as motor vehicle bodyworks, building rubble, waste or relatively large chunks of rock. The material M and pieces MT obtained after the comminution are indicated in Figure 5 only with arrows.

The device S comprises a rotor R which rotates about a rotation axis DR. Six tool inserts 31 which act as percussion hammers are arranged at the periphery thereof so as to be distributed with uniform angular spacings. The tool inserts 31 are in this instance each pivotably supported on a shaft 51 which extends through the respective bearing opening 35 thereof so that, during practical operation, as a result of the rotation of the rotor R, they can carry out oscillation movements about the shaft 51 which is associated therewith.

The intermediate spaces which remain between the tool inserts 31 are occupied by tool inserts 1 which act as baffle plates. The tool inserts 1 are in this instance retained in a nonmovable manner on the rotor R by means of the shafts 52 which are pushed through their respective bearing opening 7.

In order to disassemble worn tool inserts 1, 31, the respectively associated shaft 51, 52 is pulled so that the respective tool insert 1, 31 is separated from the rotor R. Subsequently, it is possible to couple a carrier means of a crane which is not shown in this instance to the intact rear stop location 21, 38 which is protected from the impacting loading in each case and the respective tool insert 1, 31 can be transported away.

For assembly, a tool insert 1 or 31 which is securely suspended on the crane which is not shown via the stop locations 10, 11 thereof is transported and orientated in such a manner that the associated shaft 51, 52 can be inserted with comparatively little complexity through the respective bearing opening 7, 35 thereof.

Claims (12)

A tool insert for a device (S) for comminuting a piece of material (M), with a impact section (2.32) having on its free exterior side a impact surface (5.33), such as the material (M) which must be comminuted, framed for practical use, and with a fastening section (3.34) which, on a side facing away from the impact surface (5.33), is connected to the impact section (2.32) and used for detachable fastening of the tool insert (1.31) in the device (S), where at least one impact point (10,11,36,44) protrudes on the impact section (2.32) when the tool insert (1,31) is in the stand. from the impact surface (5.33) and to which a carrier (T1, T2, 41) can be coupled, characterized in that there is furthermore an abutment point (21,38) on the attachment section (3,34) to which a carrier (24,41) is coupled. Tool insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the point of impact (10,11,36,44) is materially connected to the impact section (2,32). Tool insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact point (10,11, 36, 44) is formed in one piece on the impact section (2.32). Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impact point (10,11) has a predetermined breaking point (20) in the area upon its transition to the impact section (2.32). Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impact point (10,11) has an opening (12,13,23) for connecting the carrier (T1, T2,41). Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the point of impact is formed hook-shaped. Tool insert according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the impact point (44) is formed in the form of a pocket-like recess (46), which is provided with an abutment edge (45, 47) for connection of the carrier (41). in the impact surface (33) of the impact section (32). Tool insert according to claim 7, characterized in that the abutment edge (45) of the abutment point (44) is formed as a piece extending freely over the pocket-like recess (46) of the abutment point (44). Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening section (3.34) has a bearing opening (7.35) for rotatably fastening the tool insert (1,31) in the device (S). Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is manufactured as a casting part, forged part, welded construction or burnt part. 11. A device for comminuting a piece of material (M), with a tool insert (1.31) formed according to one of the preceding claims, to which the material (M) to be comminuted is subjected to practical use, and with a bearing on which the tool insert (1.31) with its fastening section (3.34) is releasably fastened. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the tool insert (1,31) is rotatably mounted on the bearing.