EP2394352A1 - Machine synchrone - Google Patents

Machine synchrone

Info

Publication number
EP2394352A1
EP2394352A1 EP09796351A EP09796351A EP2394352A1 EP 2394352 A1 EP2394352 A1 EP 2394352A1 EP 09796351 A EP09796351 A EP 09796351A EP 09796351 A EP09796351 A EP 09796351A EP 2394352 A1 EP2394352 A1 EP 2394352A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stator
rotor
machine according
electrical machine
permanent magnets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP09796351A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lin Feuerrohr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2394352A1 publication Critical patent/EP2394352A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2746—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets arranged with the same polarity, e.g. consequent pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric machine with 12 stator teeth and 14 rotor poles, in particular for use in electric power steering.
  • Torque can lead. Therefore, such drives must be designed so that these harmonics are as reduced as possible or their effects on the torque curve are minimized. Furthermore occur in such synchronous machines torque fluctuations not only under load, but also in currentless stator windings, which are referred to as cogging torque. Especially with small machines, it is not possible due to the space available to insert a finely distributed winding in the anchor to produce an ideal sinusoidal air gap field. Therefore, with small machines, corresponding harmonics in the air gap must be expected. It would therefore be advantageous to design the machines so that these harmonics remain as effective as possible without effect on the torque.
  • an electric machine with 18 stator teeth and 8 rotor poles which has the disadvantage, however, that the electric machine has a distributed winding in which the coil windings of different phases intersect in the winding head and different phases lie in the stator slots on coil sides. Therefore, shorts between different phases can occur in the winding heads and in the groove.
  • Electric machines with 12 stator teeth and 8 or 10 rotor poles usually have tooth tips to achieve low cogging torques. These complicate the attachment of the coil windings to the stator teeth and usually require for a compact design of the stators divided stators, so that a high conductor filling of the coil windings can be achieved. Split stators lead to asymmetries due to dimensional tolerances, which can result in unfavorable cogging torques.
  • an electric machine includes a rotor having fourteen rotor poles rotatably disposed about a center axis and a stator having twelve stator teeth protruding in a radial direction with respect to the center axis from the stator toward the rotor.
  • Each of the stator teeth is surrounded by at most one stator coil surrounding only the respective stator tooth.
  • At least one of the stator teeth may have no broadening in the tangential direction at its end facing the rotor.
  • This topology makes it possible to form the stator teeth of the electric machine without a widened tooth head, so that the coil winding can be prefabricated and attached to the stator tooth. This considerably simplifies the production of such an electrical machine.
  • the electric machine is formed with a single-tooth winding, so that crossing coil windings of different phases can be avoided.
  • the stator coils may be arranged so that they each enclose a stator tooth.
  • a part or each of the rotor poles can be provided with a permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnets can each be arranged in or on one of the rotor poles and aligned so that their magnetic poles each point in the radial direction.
  • permanent magnets can be arranged, or the permanent magnets in the rotor poles can be arranged in the sense of a follower pole arrangement only in each second rotor pole.
  • the permanent magnets can each be arranged in a pocket between two rotor poles and aligned so that their magnetic poles point in the tangential direction.
  • permanent magnets can be arranged between all adjacent rotor poles, or the permanent magnets can be arranged in the sense of a pole arrangement only in every second pocket.
  • an outer surface of the rotor poles facing the stator may have a greater curvature than the circular curvature determined by the distance between the outer surface and a center axis of the rotor.
  • the outer surface of the rotor poles may have a judge contour or a circular contour with a radius which is smaller than the distance of the outer surface from the center axis of the rotor.
  • each of the stator teeth may be provided with a stator coil, wherein two adjacent stator coils are connected in series with one another to form a pair of stator coils, wherein the stator coil pair and a stator coil pair opposite the stator coil pair are associated with a phase.
  • stator coil pairs assigned to a phase can be connected in series or connected in parallel with each other and connected in a neutral connection with a star point or a delta connection. Furthermore, in each case one of the stator coil pairs assigned to one phase can be connected to a star point circuit with its own neutral point.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric machine with 12 stator teeth and 14 rotor poles with buried magnets
  • FIG. 2 shows an electric machine with spoke magnets and with sine poles according to Richter
  • FIG. 3 shows an electrical machine with a follower pole arrangement
  • Figure 4 shows an electric machine with follower pole and spokes magnet
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the stator coils provided with stator teeth of the
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the stator coils provided with stator teeth from the center axis of the rotor and a circuit diagram in a star point circuit with several star points;
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of the provided with stator coils stator teeth of the
  • Figure 8 is a plan view of the stator coils provided with stator teeth of the
  • Figure 9 is a plan view of the stator coils provided with stator teeth from the center axis of the rotor and a circuit diagram in a star point circuit with a neutral point;
  • Figure 10 is a plan view of the stator coils provided with stator teeth from the center axis of the rotor and a circuit diagram at a
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through an electrical machine 1.
  • the electric machine comprises a stator 2, which surrounds a rotor 4 which is rotatable about a center axis M.
  • the electric machine is formed in the embodiment shown as a synchronous machine.
  • the stator 2 comprises 12 stator teeth 3 which, starting from a stator body of the stator 2, are projecting inwardly in the radial direction in the direction of the rotor 4 in the radial direction. That is, the stator teeth 3 are aligned in the direction of the center axis M of the electric machine 1.
  • the stator teeth 3 are equally spaced in tangential direction from each other, i. with the same offset angle, and arranged inside the stator body.
  • the rotor 4 is rotatably arranged about the center axis M and has the permanent magnets 6.
  • the permanent magnets 6 form rotor poles 8 and are arranged so that their magnetic poles run in the radial direction. Adjacent permanent magnets 6 are oppositely poled.
  • the number of rotor poles 8 of the illustrated rotor 4 is 14.
  • the permanent magnets 6 can, as in the
  • Embodiment of Figure 1 shown to be formed as buried permanent magnets 6, which are located in the interior of a corresponding rotor pole 8 and are covered by material of the rotor pole 8 in the radial direction to the outside.
  • the permanent magnets 6 may be formed as surface magnets, which are embedded in recesses in the outer surface of the rotor 4, so that the respective pole of the permanent magnet 6 is exposed in the radial direction to the outside.
  • the use of permanent magnet 6 buried in the rotor 4 is advantageous because simple and inexpensive magnetic forms, such as e.g. With flat surfaces, can be used and thus a simple rotor construction without bandage and corrosion protection can be made possible.
  • stator teeth 3 are surrounded by stator coils 9, which each enclose a stator tooth 3.
  • stator coils 9 which each enclose a stator tooth 3.
  • FIG. 1 The provision of a stator coil 9 on each stator tooth 3 makes it possible for intersecting or crossing coil windings of the To avoid stator coils 9. This reduces the risk of short circuits between the stator coils 9, since only two coil sides are arranged in a groove between two stator teeth 3.
  • each stator tooth 3 has a termination, which serves as a tooth tip
  • the tooth tip 5 serves to provide a surface through which the main portion or the largest possible proportion of the magnetic flux, which is received by permanent magnets 6, which are arranged in the rotor 4.
  • the electric machine 1 has stator teeth 3, which do not have a widened tooth head 5, so that it is possible in a simple manner to apply the coil windings 9 to the stator teeth 3.
  • the stator teeth 3 are formed as cylindrical or cuboidal projections of the stator body.
  • the rotor poles 8 may be provided to provide the rotor poles 8 with an outer contour in order to achieve a sinusoidal flux density distribution over the rotor pole 8, so that the magnetic flux can be selected as high as possible while avoiding the occurrence of saturation of the magnetic flux in the stator tooth .
  • One possibility is to form the rotor poles 8 as so-called sine poles.
  • the sine poles lead to an air gap widening at the pole edges. According to Richter arises as a formula for the rotor outer radius:
  • R is the radius at the spatial angle ⁇ (Polformkontur)
  • p the number of pole pairs
  • ⁇ the spatial angle
  • Ri the stator radius (inner diameter of internal rotor and vice versa)
  • ⁇ 0 the minimum air gap in Polmitte correspond.
  • the result is a wavy outer surface of the rotor 4, wherein in general the regions of the highest elevations of each rotor pole 8 correspond to the center axes of the rotor poles 8, which extend in the radial direction.
  • a function for the air gap expansion according to 1 / cos (p ⁇ ) can be used. The two equations differ only slightly in the relevant area.
  • the contour for the air gap generates a sinusoidal air gap field approximating by the pole wheel, which allows a significant reduction of the cogging torques during idling and the harmonic moments under load.
  • the Polformkontur can be approximated by an outer contour corresponding to an arc contour with a constant contour radius.
  • the contour radius is smaller than the radius of the outer surface of the rotor 4, so that between two adjacent rotor poles 8, a gap is formed.
  • stator tooth 3 not provided with a stator coil 9 corresponds to the magnetic reflux of the adjacent stator teeth 3 provided with a stator coil 9.
  • the tooth widths (in the tangential direction with respect to the center axis M) of the wound main tooth and one of the adjacent unwound auxiliary or intermediate teeth may be different.
  • a tooth width of the wound main teeth of between 30 and 50 degrees and a tooth width of the auxiliary teeth can be provided, which corresponds to an angle range between 10 and 30 degrees.
  • the tooth width of the main teeth can correspond to an angle range of 40 degrees, that of the auxiliary teeth to an angle range of 20 degrees.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further synchronous motor in which, instead of the buried permanent magnets 6, the permanent magnets are designed as spoke magnets.
  • the spoke magnets are arranged in each case in pockets 12 between two adjacent rotor poles 8 of the rotor 4, wherein in two respectively adjacent pockets 12, the permanent magnets 6 are aligned so that their polarity is directed substantially in the tangential direction against each other is.
  • the rotor poles 8 can have a pole contour corresponding to a sinusoidal contour or arc contour.
  • An electric machine with erected magnets i. with spoke magnets, has the advantage that the flow of magnets can be concentrated towards the pole and a larger pole flux can be generated across the air gap. Thus, it is possible to generate a larger torque with the same size and the same provided by permanent magnets magnetic fluxes.
  • FIG. 3 shows a follower pole arrangement for the rotor 4, wherein only every second rotor pole is provided with a buried permanent magnet 6, while the rotor pole 8 located between two rotor poles 8 formed with the permanent magnets 6 is formed without permanent magnets 6.
  • the permanent magnets 6 have the same polarity with respect to their radial orientation.
  • FIG. 4 shows an electrical machine with a follower pole arrangement of spoke magnets. This embodiment corresponds to that of Figure 2, except that not every pocket 12 is provided with a permanent magnet 6. In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 4 is only every other
  • Bag 12 provided with a permanent magnet 6.
  • a permanent magnet 6 In order to increase the mechanical stability, it makes sense to fill the not provided with a permanent magnet 6 pockets 12 with magnetically inactive material. These pockets 12, which are not provided with a permanent magnet 6, can furthermore be used for further structural parts.
  • the invention has been described above with reference to electrical machines with an inner rotor. However, the principle can also be applied to electric machines with an external rotor.
  • stator coils 9 are designed as single-tooth windings, short circuits between the conductors of different phases are structurally excluded. This is especially true if between the coil sides of adjacent stator coils 9, which lie in a common groove, a sufficient isolation distance is ensured or an insulating element is provided between the coil sides.
  • stator teeth 3 arranged in a circle in the electric machine 1 are shown in a plan view from the center axis M in the radial direction outwards in a plane.
  • the windings shown are stator coils 9 of a three-phase synchronous motor. Thus, four stator coils 9 are assigned to one phase.
  • stator coils 9 of a phase are arranged such that two stator coils 9 are arranged on mutually adjacent stator teeth 3 and the other two stator coils 9 on the stator teeth 2 opposite thereto in the stator 2. That is, for the present embodiment, the stator coils 9 are attached to the stator teeth 3, Nos. 1, 2, 7 and 8, the stator coils 9 to the stator teeth 3, Nos. 3, 4, 9 and 10 and the stator coils 9 to the stator teeth 3 with the numbers 5, 6, 11 and 12 are each assigned to a phase.
  • stator coils 9 of a Statorspulenpackes from adjacent stator coils 9, which are associated with a common phase, have an opposite sense of winding. Furthermore, each two adjacent stator coils 9 of a phase at the first six stator teeth 3 1-6 each have the same winding sense, while two stator coils 9 a phase on adjacent stator teeth 3 of the stator teeth 3 7-12 one to the stator coils
  • stator teeth 3 1-6 opposite winding sense.
  • two in the rotor 4 opposed stator coils 9 a phase have an opposite sense of winding.
  • stator coils 9 an interconnection of the stator coils 9 is shown in a plan view of the stator teeth 3 and in a schematic representation, in which the stator coils 9 are connected in star point circuit with each other, wherein the two stator coils 9 of a Statorspulenpreses are connected in series, and so connected in series stator coils 9 are connected to the stator teeth 3 1-6 in a neutral connection via a first neutral point ST1 and the stator coils 9 of the Statorspulenrune to the stator teeth 3 7-12 are connected to each other via a second neutral point ST2.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative interconnection of the stator coil pairs in two separate triangular circuits in a plan view of the stator teeth 3 and in a schematic illustration, ie the stator coil pairs of the stator teeth 3 1-6 are in a triangular circuit and the stator coil pairs of the stator teeth 3
  • stator coil pairs of the first triangular circuit and those of the second triangular circuit are driven separately from each other via first phase terminals u1, vi, w1 and u2, v2, w2.
  • FIG. 8 shows an interconnection of the stator coil pairs on the stator teeth 3 in a common star point circuit in a plan view of the stator teeth 3 and in a schematic representation, wherein each of the stator coil pairs with stator coils 9 connected in parallel is connected to the common star point ST and the stator coil pairs, which are assigned to a common phase, are connected in parallel to one another and are controlled via a common phase connection u, v, w.
  • a series connection of the stator coil pairs can also be provided in each case.
  • Figure 9 shows a plan view of the stator teeth 3 and in a schematic representation of a further interconnection of the stator coils 9 in a star point circuit in which the Statorspulenrune associated with a phase, are connected in series and the series circuits of the two Statorspulenprese a phase each with a common star point ST are connected to form a neutral point circuit.
  • Figure 10 shows a plan view of the stator teeth 3 and in a schematic representation of the interconnection of the Statorspulenprese in the form of a triangular circuit, wherein the Statorspulenprese associated with a phase, are connected in series with each other. Alternatively, it is also possible to interconnect the stator coil pairs in parallel to each other.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique (1) comprenant: - un rotor (4) avec 14 pôles (8) de rotor, qui est disposé à rotation autour d'un axe central, et - un stator (2) avec deux dents (3) de stator qui s'écartent dans une direction radiale, par rapport à l'axe central, du stator (2) en direction du rotor (4), caractérisée en ce que chacune des dents (3) du stator est entourée par une bobine (9) de stator entourant uniquement une des dents du stator.
EP09796351A 2009-02-06 2009-12-07 Machine synchrone Ceased EP2394352A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009000681A DE102009000681A1 (de) 2009-02-06 2009-02-06 Synchronmaschine
PCT/EP2009/066479 WO2010088983A1 (fr) 2009-02-06 2009-12-07 Machine synchrone

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2394352A1 true EP2394352A1 (fr) 2011-12-14

Family

ID=42154326

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09796351A Ceased EP2394352A1 (fr) 2009-02-06 2009-12-07 Machine synchrone

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8434584B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2394352A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012517209A (fr)
CN (1) CN102308455A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009000681A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010088983A1 (fr)

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DE102010044713A1 (de) * 2010-09-08 2012-03-08 Minebea Co., Ltd. Bürstenloser Gleichstrommotor
JP2012228104A (ja) * 2011-04-21 2012-11-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 永久磁石埋込型電動機
LV14509B (lv) * 2012-03-13 2012-07-20 Rīgas Tehniskā Universitāte Ātrgaitas magnetoelektriskais sinhronais dzinējs
DE102012213465A1 (de) 2012-07-31 2014-02-06 Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Permanentmagnet-Synchronmotor und Servolenkungsanordnung
FR2994353B1 (fr) * 2012-08-01 2014-08-08 Moving Magnet Tech Moteur electrique optimise a dents etroites
JP6117794B2 (ja) 2013-01-31 2017-04-19 マブチモーター株式会社 ロータおよびモータ
DE102013208570A1 (de) * 2013-05-08 2014-11-13 Continental Automotive Gmbh Elektrische Maschine, insbesondere für eine Lenkhilfe eines Kraftfahrzeugs
CN103337939A (zh) * 2013-07-09 2013-10-02 青岛美华永磁电气科技有限公司 低转速低噪音永磁同步电机
JP5758966B2 (ja) 2013-10-11 2015-08-05 ファナック株式会社 コギングトルクを低減可能な同期電動機
EP3095184A4 (fr) * 2014-01-13 2017-10-04 Otis Elevator Company Unité d'entraînement pour moteur synchrone multiphasé à aimant permanent
JP6457198B2 (ja) 2014-04-28 2019-01-23 マブチモーター株式会社 ブラシレスモータ
JP6315790B2 (ja) 2014-04-30 2018-04-25 マブチモーター株式会社 ブラシレスモータ
JP6385712B2 (ja) 2014-04-30 2018-09-05 マブチモーター株式会社 ロータおよびブラシレスモータ
DE102014113109A1 (de) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-17 Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh Vakuumpumpe
CN104467333B (zh) * 2014-12-01 2017-04-12 哈尔滨工业大学 转子励磁多相磁阻电机及其控制方法
DE102015200095A1 (de) 2015-01-07 2016-07-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Stator für eine elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen
CN107834717A (zh) * 2017-11-09 2018-03-23 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 电机
CN109687673A (zh) * 2019-01-10 2019-04-26 江苏大学 一种考虑位置传感器代偿的车用五相永磁容错电机
KR20200114258A (ko) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-07 엘지이노텍 주식회사 모터
FR3104848B1 (fr) * 2019-12-17 2021-11-26 Ifp Energies Now Machine synchro-reluctante à entrefer variable
DE102023108906A1 (de) * 2023-04-06 2024-10-10 Dr. Fritz Faulhaber GmbH & Co.KG "Motor mit definiertem Rastmoment"

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009000681A1 (de) 2010-08-12
JP2012517209A (ja) 2012-07-26
CN102308455A (zh) 2012-01-04
US8434584B2 (en) 2013-05-07
WO2010088983A1 (fr) 2010-08-12
US20120043155A1 (en) 2012-02-23

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