EP2392886A2 - Tube de distributeur réfrigérant insensible à l'orientation - Google Patents

Tube de distributeur réfrigérant insensible à l'orientation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2392886A2
EP2392886A2 EP11167680A EP11167680A EP2392886A2 EP 2392886 A2 EP2392886 A2 EP 2392886A2 EP 11167680 A EP11167680 A EP 11167680A EP 11167680 A EP11167680 A EP 11167680A EP 2392886 A2 EP2392886 A2 EP 2392886A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orifices
distributor tube
heat exchanger
exchanger assembly
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11167680A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2392886B1 (fr
EP2392886A3 (fr
Inventor
Shrikant Mukund Joshi
Douglas Charles Wintersteen
Russel Scott Johnson
Yanping Xia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Delphi Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Technologies Inc filed Critical Delphi Technologies Inc
Publication of EP2392886A2 publication Critical patent/EP2392886A2/fr
Publication of EP2392886A3 publication Critical patent/EP2392886A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2392886B1 publication Critical patent/EP2392886B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0273—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0273—Cores having special shape, e.g. curved, annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an inlet distributor for an evaporator; more particularly to an inlet distributor having a plurality of orifices arranged along the length of the distributor tube.
  • Automotive heat exchangers typically include an inlet header, an outlet header, and a plurality of refrigerant tubes hydraulically connecting the headers for refrigerant flow therebetween. Corrugated fins interconnect adjacent refrigerant tubes to increase the available heat transfer area, as well as to increase the structural integrity of the heat exchanger.
  • the coil of the heat exchanger is defined by the refrigerant tubes and interconnecting corrugated fins. To meet the demands of residential and commercial applications, the size of the coil of the heat exchanger has to be increased accordingly, which in turn dramatically increased the lengths of the inlet and outlet headers.
  • a typical distributor tube extends the length of the inlet header and includes a plurality of uniformly spaced orifices for distributing the two-phase refrigerant throughout the length of the header.
  • the orifices are oriented at a designed angle relative to the center of the cross-section of the refrigerant tube to provide the maximum performance for the coil in a specific application.
  • the angle of the orifices is selected based on testing a vertical slab coil design with the refrigerant tube aligned in the opposite direction of gravity.
  • Indoor evaporators also have the additional challenge of packaging constraints; the evaporators have to fit within the limited volume offered by the plenums of residential HVAC systems.
  • the refrigerant tubes lie in a plane much like that of an automotive heat exchanger, and for maximum efficiency it is preferable that the refrigerant tubes are aligned in the direction of gravity with the inlet header lower than the outlet header.
  • two smaller slab coils are assembled into an A-Frame design or a single larger slab coil is bent into an ARC design.
  • the A-Frame design or ARC design may need to be installed in various orientations with respect to gravity, in which the refrigerant tubes may not be aligned in the direction of gravity and the inlet header may not be lower than the outlet header.
  • the desired distribution of refrigerant flowing through the coil may be adversely affected due to the orientation of the evaporator. There is a long felt need for an evaporator that provides good refrigerant distribution regardless of its orientation.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger assembly having an inlet header, an outlet header spaced from the inlet header, a plurality of refrigerant tubes hydraulically connecting the inlet header with the outlet header.
  • a distributor tube having a plurality of orifices disposed in the inlet header, wherein the orifices are arranged along the distributor tube such that at least one orifice is oriented in the liquid phase of a two-phased refrigerant pressed against the internal surface of the distributor tube regardless of the orientation of the evaporator.
  • the orifices may be substantially uniformly spaced along the length of the distributor tube in pairs or groups of four (4).
  • one of the orifices may be oriented 90 to 180 degrees apart from the other with respect to the pair's respective point on a central axis.
  • Each pair of orifices may be rotated 90 to 180 degrees from the adjacent pair of orifices.
  • each of the orifices may be oriented 90 degrees apart from the adjacent orifice with respect to the group's respective point on a central axis.
  • Each group of four (4) orifices may be rotated 45 degrees from the adjacent group of four (4) orifices.
  • the cylindrical refrigerant distributor tube may have a plurality of orifices spiraled along the tube. With respect to an end view of the central axis, each succeeding orifice may be offset 45 to 180 degrees from the preceding orifice.
  • a residential indoor evaporator may be constructed by using two slab coils in an A-Frame design or a single slab coil bent into an ARC design. Shown in Figs.
  • FIGS. 1A-1C are representations of an end view of an A-Frame design or ARC design residential indoor evaporator 10 having an inlet header 12a, an outlet header 12b spaced apart from the inlet header 12a, and a plurality of refrigerant tubes 14 hydraulically connecting the headers 12a, 12b for refrigerant flow.
  • An evaporator coil 16, partially shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is defined by the plurality of refrigerant tubes 14 together with external fins 15 interconnecting the adjacent refrigerant tubes 14.
  • the evaporator 10 includes a distributor tube 20 in the inlet header 12a, shown in Figs. 2-7 , for improved refrigerant distribution.
  • the above mentioned components of the evaporator 10 are typically constructed of a heat conductive material such as aluminum.
  • Each of the A-Frame design and ARC design provides an evaporator 10 having at least one apex 18.
  • the A-Frame or ARC design can be installed within a HVAC plenum in various orientations with respect to the direction of gravity, in which the apex 18 may be up, down, horizontal, and any other orientation therebetween.
  • the inlet header 12a may be located above the outlet header 12b, below the outlet header 12b, or horizontal with the outlet header12b.
  • the headers 12a, 12b are typically perpendicular to that of the direction of gravity, but the bottom header may be slightly angled toward the direction of gravity to facilitate condensate drainage.
  • a standard angle designed for the orifices 22 of the distribution tube 20 relative to the refrigerant tube 14 may not necessarily work efficiently when used in all the various potential orientations of the evaporator 10. It was found that only certain range of angles of the orifices 22 of the distribution tube 20 relative to the refrigerant tube 14 are acceptable for each of the various evaporator coil 16 orientations. In other words, orifice angles are application specific; therefore, the desired orifice range of angles has to be calculated for each specific orientation of the evaporator 10.
  • the liquid phase 24 of a two-phase refrigerant flowing through the distributor tube 20 tends to migrate to the bottom of the interior surface 28 of the distributor tube 20 due to gravity. It is suspected that the liquid phase 24 does not necessary puddle on the bottom or low spot of the distribution tube 20, but instead it is pressed against and rides up a portion of the interior surface 28 of the distributor tube 20 by the flow of refrigerant through the distributor tube 20, thereby forming a liquid refrigerant cross-sectional profile 30 much like a crescent moon with its apex on the bottom.
  • the limit would be annular flow where the liquid distributes around the entire peripheral internal surface 28 of the distribution tube 20, but more typically a thicker layer would exist on the bottom.
  • the liquid refrigerant cross-sectional profile 30 occupies the interior surface 28 of the distributor tube 20 from 45 to 315 degrees with respect to the opposite direction of gravity being 0 degree. During normal operating conditions, the liquid refrigerant cross-sectional profile 30 occupies the interior surface 28 of the distributor tube 20 from 90 to 270 degrees.
  • An aspect of the invention provides a means to transport the liquid phase refrigerant from the distributor tube 20 to the refrigerant tubes 14 for efficient boiling and thus improved heat transfer performance regardless of the orientation of the A-Frame or ARC evaporator coil evaporator.
  • This can be achieved by having orifices 22 at angles from 45 to 315 degrees, preferably between 90 to 270 degrees, with respect to the opposite direction of gravity being 0 degree, along the distributor tube 20 to ensure that at least one, but preferably a group, of orifices 22 is substantially oriented within the liquid refrigerant cross-sectional profile 30.
  • the refrigerant flowing through the distributor tube 20 will push the liquid phase refrigerant through the orifices 22 and toward the refrigerant tubes.
  • Fig. 5 shows a cylindrical refrigerant distributor tube 20 extending along a substantially central axis (A-axis). Pairs of orifices 22 are substantially uniformly spaced along the length of the distributor tube 20, in which each pair of orifices 22 is located about its respective point on the A-axis. Within each pair of orifices 22, one of the orifices 22 may be oriented 90 to 180 degrees apart from the other with respect to the pair's respective point on the A-axis. Furthermore, each pair of orifices 22 may be rotated 90 to 180 degrees from the adjacent pair of orifices 22.
  • Fig. 6 shows a cylindrical refrigerant distributor tube 20 extending along the A-axis.
  • Groups of four (4) orifices 22 are substantially uniformly spaced along the length of the distributor tube 20, in which each group of orifices 22 is located about its respective point on the A-axis.
  • each of the orifices 22 may be oriented 90 degrees apart from the adjacent orifice 22 with respect to the group's respective point on the A-axis.
  • each group of (4) orifices 22 may be rotated 45 degrees from the adjacent group of (4) orifices 22.
  • Fig. 7 shows a cylindrical refrigerant distributor tube 20 having a plurality of orifices 22 spiraled along the tube. With respect to an end view of the A-axis, each succeeding orifice 22 may be offset 45 to 180 degrees from the preceding orifice 22.
EP11167680.5A 2010-06-01 2011-05-26 Tube de distributeur réfrigérant insensible à l'orientation Not-in-force EP2392886B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35012310P 2010-06-01 2010-06-01
US13/114,405 US20110290465A1 (en) 2010-06-01 2011-05-24 Orientation insensitive refrigerant distributor tube

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2392886A2 true EP2392886A2 (fr) 2011-12-07
EP2392886A3 EP2392886A3 (fr) 2014-07-02
EP2392886B1 EP2392886B1 (fr) 2016-08-24

Family

ID=44583632

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11167680.5A Not-in-force EP2392886B1 (fr) 2010-06-01 2011-05-26 Tube de distributeur réfrigérant insensible à l'orientation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110290465A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2392886B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20110132273A (fr)
CN (1) CN202216453U (fr)
BR (1) BRPI1102318A8 (fr)

Cited By (11)

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WO2014124312A1 (fr) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-14 Trane International Inc. Echangeur de chaleur à micro-canaux
WO2018100300A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de distribution d'un fluide réfrigérant à l'intérieur d'une boîte collectrice d'un échangeur thermique
WO2018100303A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Boîte collectrice d'un fluide réfrigérant comprenant au moins un dispositif de positionnement angulaire d'un conduit
WO2018100304A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de distribution d'un fluide réfrigérant à l'intérieur d'une boîte collectrice d'un échangeur thermique
WO2018100307A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de distribution d'un fluide réfrigérant à l'intérieur d'une boîte collectrice d'un échangeur thermique.
WO2018100301A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de mixage d'un fluide réfrigérant à l'intérieur d'une boîte collectrice d'un échangeur thermique
EP2784428B1 (fr) 2013-03-25 2019-02-20 LG Electronics Inc. Échangeur de chaleur
WO2019121565A1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2019-06-27 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Boîte de retour d'un échangeur de chaleur logeant un dispositif pour la distribution d'un fluide de refroidissement, ledit dispositif étant retenu au moyen d'une unité de centrage
WO2019121557A1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2019-06-27 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Collecteur d'échangeur de chaleur muni d'élément de retenue et/ou de positionnement angulaire de dispositif de distribution de fluide frigorigène
WO2019121699A1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2019-06-27 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de distribution de fluide frigorigène conçu pour être reçu dans le collecteur d'un échangeur de chaleur
US11614260B2 (en) 2017-05-05 2023-03-28 Carrier Corporation Heat exchanger for heat pump applications

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WO2013184522A1 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Modine Manufacturing Company Échangeur de chaleur, et procédé de distribution de réfrigérant à l'intérieur de celui-ci
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US20160061497A1 (en) * 2013-11-01 2016-03-03 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Two-pass evaporator
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US10072900B2 (en) * 2014-09-16 2018-09-11 Mahle International Gmbh Heat exchanger distributor with intersecting streams
US10551099B2 (en) * 2016-02-04 2020-02-04 Mahle International Gmbh Micro-channel evaporator having compartmentalized distribution
US10563895B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2020-02-18 Johnson Controls Technology Company Adjustable inlet header for heat exchanger of an HVAC system
CN110966804B (zh) * 2018-09-30 2021-09-24 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司 换热器
EP3859263B1 (fr) * 2018-09-30 2022-04-20 Zhejiang Sanhua Intelligent Controls Co., Ltd. Échangeur de chaleur
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US11713931B2 (en) * 2019-05-02 2023-08-01 Carrier Corporation Multichannel evaporator distributor
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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014124312A1 (fr) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-14 Trane International Inc. Echangeur de chaleur à micro-canaux
CN104981674A (zh) * 2013-02-08 2015-10-14 特灵国际有限公司 微通道热交换器
EP2784428B1 (fr) 2013-03-25 2019-02-20 LG Electronics Inc. Échangeur de chaleur
WO2018100301A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de mixage d'un fluide réfrigérant à l'intérieur d'une boîte collectrice d'un échangeur thermique
WO2018100304A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de distribution d'un fluide réfrigérant à l'intérieur d'une boîte collectrice d'un échangeur thermique
WO2018100307A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de distribution d'un fluide réfrigérant à l'intérieur d'une boîte collectrice d'un échangeur thermique.
WO2018100303A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Boîte collectrice d'un fluide réfrigérant comprenant au moins un dispositif de positionnement angulaire d'un conduit
WO2018100300A1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de distribution d'un fluide réfrigérant à l'intérieur d'une boîte collectrice d'un échangeur thermique
US11614260B2 (en) 2017-05-05 2023-03-28 Carrier Corporation Heat exchanger for heat pump applications
WO2019121565A1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2019-06-27 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Boîte de retour d'un échangeur de chaleur logeant un dispositif pour la distribution d'un fluide de refroidissement, ledit dispositif étant retenu au moyen d'une unité de centrage
WO2019121557A1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2019-06-27 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Collecteur d'échangeur de chaleur muni d'élément de retenue et/ou de positionnement angulaire de dispositif de distribution de fluide frigorigène
WO2019121699A1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2019-06-27 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de distribution de fluide frigorigène conçu pour être reçu dans le collecteur d'un échangeur de chaleur
US11441851B2 (en) 2017-12-19 2022-09-13 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Refrigerant fluid distribution device intended to be accommodated in a header of a heat exchanger
US11774193B2 (en) 2017-12-19 2023-10-03 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Header of a heat exchanger provided with a member for retention and/or angular positioning of a device for distribution of a refrigerant fluid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20110132273A (ko) 2011-12-07
BRPI1102318A8 (pt) 2017-10-24
CN202216453U (zh) 2012-05-09
EP2392886B1 (fr) 2016-08-24
EP2392886A3 (fr) 2014-07-02
US20110290465A1 (en) 2011-12-01
BRPI1102318A2 (pt) 2012-11-20

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