CN105387761A - 具有降低长度分配器管的热交换器 - Google Patents

具有降低长度分配器管的热交换器 Download PDF

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CN105387761A
CN105387761A CN201510515818.1A CN201510515818A CN105387761A CN 105387761 A CN105387761 A CN 105387761A CN 201510515818 A CN201510515818 A CN 201510515818A CN 105387761 A CN105387761 A CN 105387761A
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distributor
heat exchanger
collector
group
pipe
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夏燕萍
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Mahle International GmbH
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Delphi Technologies Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00Evaporators; Condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0273Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple holes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02Evaporators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

热交换器包括集管、多个管以及分配器。所述集管构造为包含制冷剂并且限定紧邻所述集管的终端端部的开口。所述多个管延伸离开所述集管并且流体地联接至所述集管。所述多个管包括第一组相邻管,第一组相邻管特征在于比第二组相邻管位置更远离所述开口处。所述分配器位于所述集管内并且与所述开口隔开,使得在第一组管中所述制冷剂的第一部分不流过所述分配器,以及在第一组管中所述制冷剂的第二部分不流过所述分配器。

Description

具有降低长度分配器管的热交换器
技术领域
该公开大致涉及一种用于两相制冷剂的热交换器,尤其涉及一种热交换器集管内的分配器,其构造为使得制冷剂的一部分不流过分配器。
背景技术
制冷剂蒸发器使用在各种空调和热泵系统中。当空气冷却时,局部膨胀的两相制冷剂进入蒸发器,在蒸发器中两相制冷剂膨胀以从空气吸热。由于液相和气相之间的巨大质量差异,动力和重力效果会导致不期望的相位分离以及引起差的制冷剂分配,这导致蒸发器上不均匀的温度分配。为了保持良好混合的制冷剂相位,已经提出了在集管内添加分配器(例如入口分配器或者出口收集器)管。但是,这种分配器不理想地约束制冷剂的流动。
发明内容
根据一个实施例,提供了热交换器。热交换器包括集管、多个管以及分配器。集管构造为包含制冷剂并且限定紧邻集管的终端端部的开口。多个管延伸离开集管并且流体地联接至集管。多个管包括第一组相邻管,第一相邻管的特征在于比第二组相邻管位置更远离开口处。分配器位于集管内并且与开口隔开,使得在第一组管中制冷剂的第一部分不流过分配器,以及在第一组管中制冷剂的第二部分不流过分配器。
附图说明
阅读下文中优选实施例的详细说明,本发明的进一步特征及优势将更加清楚,以下描述仅依靠非限制性示例的方式并且参考附图给定。
现在将参考附图依靠示例描述本发明,在附图中:
图1是根据一个实施例的热交换器的剖视侧视图;以及
图2是根据一个实施例的图1的热交换器的放大等轴视图。
具体实施方式
图1图示了热交换器10的非限制性例子,该热交换器通常构造为用于交换通过热交换器10的空气以及包含在热交换器10内的两相制冷剂(诸如R-134a、HFO-1234yf或者R-410a)之间的热。热交换器10包括集管12(有时称为歧管),集管12构造为包含制冷剂14并且限定紧邻集管12的终端端部18的开口16。尽管此处提出的非限制例子基本针对位于用以添加热至制冷剂14的蒸发器的顶部的出口集管,但是应该认识到的是,此处提出的教导适用于位于蒸发器的底部的入口集管。还应该认识到的是,该教导还适用于用以从制冷剂移除热的冷凝器的顶部和底部集管。如果热交换器10用作蒸发器,开口16的特征是可以作为用于热交换器10的出口。如果热交换器10用作冷凝器,开口16的特征是可以作为用于热交换器10的入口。
热交换器10包括多个延伸离开集管12并且流体地联接至集管12的管20。出于解释的目的,多个管20中的每个均被识别为各组管的构件,各组管包括第一相邻组管22和第二相邻组管24。正如此处使用的,相邻组管意思是组中的所有管都邻近组内的其他管。换句话说,管都是介于作为组构件的管支架的组的构件。在该例子中,第一组22的特征为比第二组24位置更远离开口16处。
热交换器10还包括位于集管12内的分配器26。分配器管(分配器)已经被提出以改善制冷剂分配;见US2004/0026072、US806586、US3976128、US5651268、US5971065、WO94/14021、US2003/0116310、JP2002062082、J04309766、JP02217764、8702608和US6161616中在板型蒸发器上使用的分配器;以及见US2009/073483、US2009/0229805以及US2009/0173482中的管和具有一件式歧管罐的中心蒸发器。用于蒸发器集管的基本套管式构思公开在1928年于9月11日公布的US1684083中。住宅室内、室外以及商用制冷热交换器典型具有的集管比典型自动蒸发器集管长三至八倍。这显著增加了沿着集管纵向轴线的长度,在该长度,两相制冷剂仍需要混合,即不允许液体和气体部分分离。
分配器用于获得更好的制冷剂分配。分配器能够用作入口(分配器)或者出口(收集器)设备。入口分配器旨在沿着它们的长度均匀输送局部膨胀的两相制冷剂。实际上,它们的容量受到由分配器的截面面积所创建的压降的限制。可以观察到的是,由入口分配器引起的压降通过限制制冷剂流下集管而影响热交换器性能。出口分配器旨在沿着它们的长度均匀收集完全膨胀的气态制冷剂。因为制冷剂是在出口集管中典型的是气体,所以制冷剂速率和对应压降能够比在入口集管中的高。出口压降因抑制制冷剂流动、导致制冷剂流动分配不均匀以及提高线圈入口压力和温度而降低性能,因为出口条件被典型地控制。
图2进一步图示了此处描述的分配器26的细节。分配器26还位于集管12内,但是区分于先前上文列出的例子,分配器26与开口16隔开,使得在管20的第一组22中制冷剂14的第一部分28不流动通过分配器26,在管20的第一组22中制冷剂14的第二部分30不流过分配器26。分配器的先前的例子直接联接至开口16,使得制冷剂14的整个质量穿过现有技术的分配器。
依靠进一步解释而非限制,图2图示了流动路径,用于制冷剂14流出管20以及朝向位于集管12的左端部的开口16。流出第二组24的制冷剂14将收集至集管的开口区域,然后朝向开口16流动。但是,流出第一组22的制冷剂流过分配器26下面的窄空间和第一组22的端部,或者经由孔46流入分配器,然后通过开口端32流出分配器并且朝向出口(开口16)。这样,分配器26增加了用于心管的右半边(第一组22)的流动阻力因而降低流量。通过改变孔46的尺寸,阻力量能够易于变化,以提供心管的左半边(第二组24)相同的制冷剂流量。
如上所述,分配器26限定定向成朝向终端端部18的开口端32。在该非限制例子中,分配器26还限定定向成朝向集管12的相反端部36的闭合端部34。通过开口端32和闭合端部34之间的距离大致确定分配器26的管长度44。如果热交换器10的功能宽度38由第一管40和最后管42之间的距离限定,则分配器26的管长度44的优选值在功能宽度38的25%和75%之间。如果管长度太短,则可能存在热交换器上不期望的温度分配不均匀。如果管长度44太长,则通过降低热交换器的总体流量可能不期望的增加了限制,这降低了正在交换的热的量。
正如从上文注意到的,分配器26限定多个沿着分配器26纵向布置的孔46。在该非限制例子中,孔46布置成单排并且定向成朝向管的端部。可替换地,为了以各种制冷剂流量优化热交换器10上的温度分配,能够以各种方式布置孔46。在该例子中,孔隔开了分离距离48。分配器26的闭合端部34(定向成朝向集管12的相反端部36的端部)优选与相反端部36隔开的偏移距离50小于分离距离48。可替换地,通过将分配器26的端部直接密封集管12的相反端部36能够闭合该闭合端部34。闭合端部34与相反端部36隔开是有利的,因为这避免了必须精密地对准以及密封开口端至相反端部36。
先前的热交换器设计具有大约610mm长以及直径为40mm的集管。先前设计中的分配器大约为575mm,并且该分配器的出口端部联接至开口(类似至开口16),使得穿过该分配器的所有制冷剂穿过开口。测试已经表明,通过省略收集器的左半边,即收集器仅运行在如图1和2图示的集管长度的右半边,相比现有设计改善了热交换器10的总体性能。此外,简化了热交换器的制造,因为分配器26能够使用很简单的孔图案,因为所有孔能够是相同尺寸的,以及利用如图所示的开口端32,在出口端部消除了复杂膨胀的截面以联接至开口。通过消除与开口16的直接联接,更薄的量规材料能够用以形成分配器26。
如果分配器管长度是280mm并且分配器26布置在如图1和图2所示的集管12中,则可形成半收集器设计。测试已经表明,半收集器设计提供了与575mm管长度的全长度分配器类似的制冷剂分配,但是通过降低出口歧管压降而改善了蒸发器性能。分别在高负荷(大约350kg/hour)和低负荷(大约275kg/hour)下,半收集器设计将出口歧管压降降低了64%至59%,这增加了质量流量,从而将热传递性能提高0.7%至2.2%。
因此,提供了一种热交换器10,其具有由此处描述的分配器26提供的改善性能。分配器26改善了制冷剂分配、热传递性能,以及住宅以及商用空调应用中用作蒸发器的热交换器中的出口室温分配。该改善提供了在蒸发器和冷凝器模式中均匀分布制冷剂的出口收集器设计,通过降低制冷剂压降改善了蒸发器模式性能,以及降低了材料成本。
尽管本发明已经描述了其优选实施例,但不旨在限制成如此,而是仅限制在权利要求设定的范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种热交换器,包括:
集管,其构造为包含制冷剂,并且限定紧邻所述集管的终端端部的开口;
多个管,其延伸离开所述集管并且流体地联接至所述集管,其中所述多个管包括第一组相邻管,所述第一组相邻管特征在于比第二组相邻管位置更远离所述开口处;以及
分配器,其位于所述集管内并且与所述开口隔开,使得在第一组管中所述制冷剂的第一部分不流过所述分配器,以及在第一组管中所述制冷剂的第二部分不流过所述分配器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其中,所述分配器限定了定向成朝向所述终端端部的开口端以及定向成朝向所述集管的相反端部的闭合端部。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其中,所述热交换器的功能宽度由第一管和最后管之间的距离限定,以及所述分配器的管长度在所述功能宽度的25%和75%之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其中,所述分配器限定沿着所述分配器纵向布置的多个孔。
5.根据权利要求4所述的热交换器,其中,所述孔隔开了分离距离,所述分配器的定向成朝向所述集管的相反端部的闭合端部与所述相反端部隔开的偏移距离小于所述分离距离。
CN201510515818.1A 2014-08-26 2015-08-20 具有降低长度分配器管的热交换器 Pending CN105387761A (zh)

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US14/468,876 2014-08-26
US14/468,876 US10197312B2 (en) 2014-08-26 2014-08-26 Heat exchanger with reduced length distributor tube

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