EP2385928A2 - Verfahren zur gewinnung von distickstoffoxid - Google Patents
Verfahren zur gewinnung von distickstoffoxidInfo
- Publication number
- EP2385928A2 EP2385928A2 EP10700312A EP10700312A EP2385928A2 EP 2385928 A2 EP2385928 A2 EP 2385928A2 EP 10700312 A EP10700312 A EP 10700312A EP 10700312 A EP10700312 A EP 10700312A EP 2385928 A2 EP2385928 A2 EP 2385928A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dinitrogen monoxide
- nitrous oxide
- nitrite
- nitrate
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036963 noncompetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091007187 Reductases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010076678 nitrous oxide reductase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(C)=O FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000913 Nitrate Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010025915 Nitrite Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589597 Paracoccus denitrificans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001509286 Thiobacillus denitrificans Species 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZLYZRGJCVQKKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxohydrazine Chemical compound O=NN=O AZLYZRGJCVQKKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 iminodiacetic acid ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010028128 nitric-oxide reductase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/22—Nitrous oxide (N2O)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P3/00—Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/402—Dinitrogen oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/683—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water by addition of complex-forming compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
- C02F1/705—Reduction by metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of nitrous oxide by stepwise reduction of nitrates and / or nitrites from nitrate and / or nitrite-containing substances.
- Nitrate and / or nitrite-containing substances are, for example, household wastewater, as they are purified in sewage treatment plants.
- microorganisms are usually used for this purpose, which first convert nitrates into nitrites in a stepwise reduction.
- the nitrites are converted to nitric oxide.
- the nitric oxide further reacts to dinitrogen monoxide and this is further reduced by the use of suitable reductases to nitrogen. This process is commonly referred to as denitrification.
- nitrous oxide which is also referred to as nitrous oxide and which is used, for example, as an oxidizing agent for burns, for example in rocket engines or as anesthetic, is currently generally carried out by catalytic oxidation of ammonia or thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate.
- the production is generally energetically and technically complicated.
- Nitrite-containing substances the reduction reaction after the stage is discontinued. broken or restricted, in which the nitrous oxide is formed. Nitrous oxide formed in the reduction reaction is separated, collected and / or collected.
- Nitrate and / or nitrite-containing substances in the context of the present invention are all substances in which nitrates and / or nitrites are degraded in the work-up. These are, for example, effluents or also liquids or sludges found in agriculture, for example liquid manure, or else waste, in particular waste or substances which are produced, for example, during biogas production.
- nitrous oxide is obtained as an intermediate in the treatment of nitrate and / or nitrite-containing substances, in this way a favorable process for the cheap extraction of nitrous oxide can be realized by the reduction stage in which the dinitrogen monoxide is reduced to nitrogen, is completely or partially suppressed ,
- the stepwise reduction of nitrates and / or nitrites is a biological degradation of nitrates and / or nitrites from nitrate and / or nitrite-containing substances, wherein nitrate is first reduced to nitrite, this is further reduced to nitric oxide and the nitric oxide to nitrous oxide.
- nitrate is first reduced to nitrite, this is further reduced to nitric oxide and the nitric oxide to nitrous oxide.
- the dinitrogen monoxide is further reduced to nitrogen. This reduction of nitrates to nitrogen is also called denitrification.
- Suitable microorganisms are used for biological degradation of nitrates and / or nitrites from nitrate and / or nitrite-containing substances. These are commonly referred to as denitrifiers. Suitable denitrifiers are both heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, fungi, parasites or phages. In general, the ability to denitrify within the prokaryotes is widespread. Suitable autotrophic bacteria are, for example, Paracoccus denitrificans or Thiobacillus denitrificans. For example, Pseudomonas supports are used as heterotrophic bacteria.
- the individual steps of reducing the nitrate and / or nitrite to dinitrogen monoxide are catalyzed by suitable metalloenzymes.
- the metalloenzymes used are nitrate reductase for converting nitrate to nitrite, nitrite reductase for converting the nitrite into nitric oxide and nitric oxide reductase for converting the nitrogen monoxide into nitrous oxide.
- nitrate reductase for converting nitrate to nitrite
- nitrite reductase for converting the nitrite into nitric oxide
- nitric oxide reductase for converting the nitrogen monoxide into nitrous oxide.
- the reduction of the dinitrogen monoxide to nitrogen is completely or partially suppressed. This makes it possible to recover large quantities of dinitrogen monoxide.
- nitrous oxide makes it possible to use the chemical energy of nitrogenous wastewater in a practicable way. So far, the energy use of wastewater is limited to the production of biogas or hydrogen based on the organic carbon compounds contained in the wastewater.
- the process according to the invention for the production of dinitrogen monoxide opens up a new way of using energy from wastewater on the basis of the nitrogen-containing components contained in the wastewater.
- Nitrous oxide monoxide depends on the type of treatment and separation. As gaseous phase or as exhaust gas in this context, all gaseous products are referred to, which are obtained in the recovery of nitrous oxide by stepwise reduction. If the dinitrogen monoxide is produced during wastewater treatment in sewage treatment plants, then, in addition to the dinitrogen monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and constituents of the ambient air may also be present, for example. Other gaseous degradation products from the wastewater treatment may be included in the exhaust gas. The gaseous phase can continue to exhaust from other steps of wastewater treatment, such as
- the nitrous oxide is separated from the exhaust gas by, for example, a nitrous oxide selective gas membrane.
- a nitrous oxide selective gas membrane Such nitrous oxide selective gas membranes are known to those skilled in the art.
- a nitrous oxide impermeable is also possible for a nitrous oxide impermeable
- the dinitrogen monoxide in the exhaust gas may be liquefied, for example, by an increase in pressure or a drop in temperature.
- the liquefied nitrous oxide condenses out and can be collected.
- Separation of the nitrous oxide from the exhaust gas can be used.
- Such processes are, for example, stripping, membrane, condensation, adsorption, distillation or rectification processes and / or other known processes for the separation and purification of gases.
- the separation of the nitrous oxide by suitable molecular sieves by introducing and dissolving the nitrous oxide-containing gas in liquid or solid media for concentration or selective adsorption.
- Suitable liquid or solid media through which the dinitrogen monoxide-containing gas is passed are, for example, iron sulfate solution and iron sulfate emulsified in sulfuric acid and P 2 O 5 .
- a gas suction for example, it is possible, for example, to apply a cover and perform an extraction by negative pressure.
- the dinitrogen monoxide dissolved in the liquid phase can also be separated by pressure variation, for example.
- dinitrogen monoxide dissolved in the liquid phase for example by salting out, stripping or expelling with a gas, for example with air or steam or else with different media known to those skilled in the art.
- thermal energy it is also possible, for example by introducing thermal energy, to convert the dinitrogen monoxide into the gas phase. By introducing thermal energy, the solubility of nitrous oxide in the liquid is lowered. In addition, some of the liquid evaporates.
- the introduction of the thermal energy can be carried out by any known in the art methods. Usually, the thermal energy is carried out by heating with a suitable heat exchanger or an electric heater. If a heat exchanger is used, it is on the one hand possible, for example, to use a container with a double jacket, wherein the double jacket is heated. Alternatively, however, any heat exchanger element may be provided in a container in which the liquid containing the dinitrogen monoxide is contained. Such heat exchanger elements are, for example, heat exchanger plates or tubes through which a heat transfer medium flows. Commonly used heat transfer media are, for example, heat transfer oils, water or steam.
- further purification can then be carried out, for example, by using a gas membrane selective for dinitrogen monoxide or by liquefying the dinitrogen monoxide, as described above.
- the remaining after the removal of nitrous oxide aqueous phase, in which may still have remained proportions of dinitrogen monoxide, can then be fed to a downstream unmodified complete denitrification onsrea.
- a concentration by extraction for example, before the separation of the dinitrogen monoxide from the liquid phase.
- copper ions of the metalloenzyme used for the reduction of nitrous oxide are reduced, removed or complexed before and / or during the denitrification.
- a copper separation can take place by means of selective ion exchangers.
- complete or partial inhibition of the dinitrogen monoxide reductase can take place by means of suitable irreversible and / or reversible or non-competitive and / or competitive inhibitors and / or by substrate or product inhibition. In this way, even with currently used methods for the purification of wastewater, the process according to the invention can be used in a simple manner before and / or during the denitrification for the production of dinitrogen monoxide.
- the removal and / or complexation of the copper ions can be before and / or during denitrification, for example by the use of complexing agents, by reduction by means of suitable metals or metal ions and by all redox systems that can reduce copper ions of the present concentration completely or partially, by selective ion exchangers or by electrochemical reduction, for example by electrolysis.
- Suitable complexing agents of the copper ions are, for example, chelating substances, for example tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED).
- TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
- sulfonamide-substituted thiono ligands, 1 - (- chloro-3-indazolylazo) - 2-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disolfonklalog ligands or chlorophyll-based ligands are suitable as complexing agents for the removal of copper ions.
- Suitable metals which can be used for the reduction of the copper ions, for example by sedimentation, are, for example, iron, tin and zinc.
- Suitable metal ions are, for example, Sn 2+ ions.
- Suitable further redox systems for the reduction of copper ions are, for example, nitrate and / or nitrite ions in suitable concentration ratios. Particularly preferred is iron.
- ion exchangers which are known to the person skilled in the art and used for copper ions are used.
- Suitable ion exchangers are, for example, those which contain metal ions, for example calcium, magnesium or sodium ions as exchange ions, and furthermore also chelating and adsorptive ion exchangers.
- Suitable ion exchangers are, for example, modified sulfonated polystyrene ion exchangers, differently substituted iminodiacetic acid ion exchangers and further polymer- and / or silicate-based ion exchangers.
- ion exchangers can also be used as immobilizers of the microorganisms.
- the microorganisms are immobilized by the complexation of the copper ions.
- the copper complexation achieves an inhibiting effect on dinitrogen monoxide reductase.
- suitable irreversible and / or reversible or non-competitive and / or competitive inhibitors are, for example, substances which deactivate the active site of the dinitrogen monoxide reductase or bind instead of nitrous oxide at this center.
- Suitable substances in this context are substances which, for example, have a structure similarity with dinitrogen monoxide, for example N 2 O-containing metal complexes.
- the complexing agents or the metals used for sedimentation, metal ions, other redox systems and ions or ion exchangers and suitable irreversible and / or reversible or non-competitive and / or competitive inhibitors, for example, before and / or during denitrification in liquid, solid or gaseous Form, granular and / or sheet form of the liquid phase are buried.
- a suitable column to guide which contains the ion exchanger.
- the ion exchanger can be present in this case as a structured or disordered packing. It is thus possible, for example, for the ion exchanger to be present in the form of a woven or knitted fabric or else as a packed body in the column. It is also possible to fill an ion exchange granulate into the column.
- the advantage of using a column is that a regeneration of the ion exchanger is possible in a simple manner, for example by replacement or by switching to a second column which likewise contains an ion exchanger. The ion exchanger in the unused column can then be regenerated.
- nitrogen monoxide In addition to the extraction of dinitrogen monoxide from the purification of wastewater, it is alternatively also possible to obtain the dinitrogen monoxide by biodegradation of nitrate and / or nitrite from any other processes. For example, it is also possible to recover the dinitrogen monoxide from liquids containing nitrate and / or nitrites, which are obtained, for example, in biogas production. Furthermore, it is also possible to use, in addition to household waste, household waste, waste water, waste and waste materials from industry and agriculture, in particular grain and / or grass cuttings, for the production of nitrous oxide. For example, nitrous oxide can also be obtained from manure or compost.
- the separation of the nitrous oxide from the biogas can be carried out according to the methods described above.
- the dinitrogen monoxide obtained by the process according to the invention can be supplied, for example, to an oxidation reaction as an oxygen carrier.
- an oxidation reaction as an oxygen carrier.
- nitrous oxide as an oxygen carrier, the energy efficiency of combustion processes can be significantly improved over oxygen as the oxygen carrier used.
- the nitrous oxide can be used for example for the combustion of coal, natural gas and fuels in internal combustion engines or in fuel cells.
- the use of the nitrous oxide can significantly improve the energy efficiency of the internal combustion engine or the fuel cell. This also significantly reduces energy-specific carbon dioxide emissions.
- Further suitable applications of dinitrogen monoxide are also the use as fuel and / or oxidant in an incinerator or also the use as starting material of a reaction or further synthesis.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009000075A DE102009000075A1 (de) | 2009-01-08 | 2009-01-08 | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Distickstoffoxid |
PCT/EP2010/050102 WO2010079196A2 (de) | 2009-01-08 | 2010-01-07 | Verfahren zur gewinnung von distickstoffoxid |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2385928A2 true EP2385928A2 (de) | 2011-11-16 |
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ID=42243446
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP10700312A Withdrawn EP2385928A2 (de) | 2009-01-08 | 2010-01-07 | Verfahren zur gewinnung von distickstoffoxid |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9327975B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2385928A2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN102272042A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102009000075A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010079196A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102010031075A1 (de) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Distickstoffmonooxid (N2O) |
CA2841574A1 (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Microbial production of nitrous oxide coupled with chemical reaction of gaseous nitrous oxide including phosphorus recovery and nitrite reduction to nitrous oxide |
CN102887492B (zh) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-05-14 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | 将亚硝酸盐转化为氧化亚氮并进行纯化的装置及其方法 |
CN106145061B (zh) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-04-20 | 四川中科贝特纳米科技有限公司 | 一种硝酸盐溶液的处理方法 |
CN108300666B (zh) * | 2017-12-20 | 2021-10-22 | 中国科学院宁波城市环境观测研究站 | 一种制备具有确定15n丰度的n2o及基于15n同位素示踪法测量氮循环的方法 |
CN112320933B (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2023-04-07 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种将生活污水中氨氮转化为n2o的装置及方法 |
CN112320941B (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-10-11 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种利用分离膜填料驯化产n2o反硝化菌的装置及方法 |
CN112320940B (zh) * | 2020-10-21 | 2023-03-14 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种利用膜接触器富集产n2o反硝化菌的装置及方法 |
CN113511731B (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-08-04 | 东莞理工学院 | 提高短程反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累的方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
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DE1921181C3 (de) * | 1969-04-25 | 1976-01-08 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Distickstoffmonoxid |
US4173531A (en) * | 1977-11-23 | 1979-11-06 | Union Carbide Corporation | Nitrification-denitrification of wastewater |
US6210649B1 (en) | 1997-04-15 | 2001-04-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Metal oxide catalysts for nitric oxide reduction |
CA2310834C (en) | 1997-11-18 | 2004-03-30 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and device for global warming prevention |
EP1036761A1 (de) | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-20 | Phenolchemie GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lachgas |
JP2001029989A (ja) | 1999-07-16 | 2001-02-06 | Nkk Corp | 反応装置、およびその撹拌方法 |
JP2001029990A (ja) | 1999-07-16 | 2001-02-06 | Nkk Corp | 反応装置、およびその撹拌方法 |
DE10050906A1 (de) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-18 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Distickstoffmonoxid aus Wasserstoff, Stickstoffmonoxid und Distickstoffmonoxid enthaltenden Gase |
JP2004008923A (ja) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-01-15 | Taiho Ind Co Ltd | 金属担持微生物固定化担体及び含窒排水処理方法 |
US6935322B2 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-08-30 | Barry S. Grant | Nitrous oxide/fuel injector for air intake to internal combustion engine |
CN101239753B (zh) | 2008-03-07 | 2010-12-08 | 太原大学 | 一体化产甲烷脱氮除磷硫污水处理方法及其设备 |
-
2009
- 2009-01-08 DE DE102009000075A patent/DE102009000075A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-01-07 EP EP10700312A patent/EP2385928A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-01-07 CN CN2010800040808A patent/CN102272042A/zh active Pending
- 2010-01-07 WO PCT/EP2010/050102 patent/WO2010079196A2/de active Application Filing
- 2010-01-07 US US13/143,712 patent/US9327975B2/en active Active
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See also references of WO2010079196A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102009000075A1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
CN102272042A (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
US20120021312A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
WO2010079196A2 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
WO2010079196A3 (de) | 2010-11-11 |
US9327975B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
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