EP2385208B1 - Wood frame for fall-safe glazing - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to wooden frames with at least one frame profile, which has two parallel, extending in the longitudinal direction of the frame profile and laterally spaced grooves, wherein in the grooves to form a receptacle for a glass pane glass retaining strips are inserted from metal. The invention also relates to a fall-arresting glazing having such a frame.

Wooden frames with the generic features of claim 1 are known from the prior art. So will in the EP 1 510 645 A1 a frame for wall elements, windows, doors or the like described, which consists of wood profiles for receiving a glass by means of the wood profiles at a distance in parallel glass retaining strips, between which the glass is held, the glass retaining strips consist of a strip-shaped profile, each with a portion of its width is inserted into a groove of the wood profile.

Although wooden frames of this type make it possible to produce stable and visually appealing glazings, these do not meet the stringent requirements for crash-resistant glazings, which are summarized in the "Rules for the Use of Fall-Arresting Glazing (TRAV)".

Crash-resistant glazing is understood to mean mechanically mounted glazings intended to protect people on traffic areas against lateral ones Fall to secure, with the at least to be secured difference in height of the corresponding state building code can be found.

The object of the present invention is therefore to improve wood frame of the type mentioned in that they are suitable for the production of fall-proof glazing. In particular, the glazing manufactured with these frames should meet the requirements of the "Rules for the use of crash-barrier glazing (TRAV)".

This object is achieved by a wooden frame for a fall-resistant glazing, with at least one frame profile, which has two parallel, extending in the longitudinal direction of the frame profile and laterally spaced grooves, wherein in the grooves to form a receptacle for a glass pane glass retaining strips are inserted from metal and in the frame profile one or more arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the frame profile fixing means are provided, each of these fixing means passes through the frame profile at least partially and the glass retaining strips completely.

In the investigations that led to the present invention, it has been found that the above-described, known from the prior art wooden frame the suitability tests for fall-resistant glazing often do not exist because in the test scope carried out pendulum impact tests of the wooden frame either in the area between The milled grooves or was split starting from the groove bottom.

Surprisingly, this problem could be solved in that the frame profile at least partially and the glazing beads completely enforcing fixatives are used. In the simplest case, distributed over the length of the frame profile several screws are laterally rotated in the frame profile, so that they also penetrate the glass retaining strips. This leads to additional stabilization of the frame profile, which prevents the profile from being split in the suitability tests for fall-resistant glazing. As fixing wood screws are suitable, for example.

With the help of the wooden frame according to the invention, a variety of design types crash-proof glazing can be produced.

• Vertikalverglasungen nach den "Technischen Regeln für die Verwendung von linienförmig gelagerten Verglasungen", veröffentlicht in den DIBt Mitteilungen 6/1998 (TRLV), an die wegen ihrer absturzsichernden Funktion die zusätzlichen Anforderungen nach diesen technischen Regeln gestellt werden; die Anwendungsfreistellungen in Absatz 1.5 der TRLV für Verglasungen, deren Oberkante maximal 4 m über einer Verkehrsfläche liegt, gelten nicht für absturzsichernde Verglasungen.
• tragende Glasbrüstungen mit durchgehendem Handlauf und
• Geländerausfachungen aus Glas, die entweder Anforderungen nach den TRLV und nach den TRAV erfüllen müssen, oder Geländerausfachungen aus Glas, die ausschließlich Anforderungen nach den TRAV erfüllen müssen, z.B. punktförmig gelagerte Geländerausfachungen in Innenräumen.

These are for example:

• Vertical glazing according to the "Technical Rules for the Use of Linearly Mounted Glazing", published in the DIBt Messungen 6/1998 (TRLV), to which the additional requirements of these technical rules are made due to their fall-arresting function; the application exemptions in paragraph 1.5 TRLV for glazing, the upper edge of which is not more than 4 m above a traffic area, do not apply to crash-proof glazing.
• carrying glass balustrades with continuous handrail and
• Railings made of glass, which either have to comply with the requirements of the TRLV and the TRAV, or railings made of glass, which only have to fulfill the requirements of the TRAV, eg punctually mounted handrail infills in interiors.

Such fall-arresting glazings are subdivided in the "Rules for the Use of Fall-Arresting Glazing (TRAV)" into the following three categories:

Category A

Linearly mounted vertical glazings in the sense of TRLV, which do not have a supporting parapet or superior spar in the required building law height for receiving horizontal loads. The edges of the glazing must be protected against impact either by storage (eg posts, latches, adjacent windows) or directly adjacent building parts (eg walls or ceilings).

Category B

At its lower edge in a clamping construction linearly mounted bearing glass balustrade, the individual discs are connected by an attached continuous handrail. In addition to protecting the upper edge of the glass balustrade, the handrail must ensure safe removal of the planned horizontal loads at the rail height (rail load) even if a parapet element fails.

Category C

C1:

An mindestens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten linienförmig und/oder punktförmig gelagerte Geländerausfachungen.

C2:

Unterhalb eines in Holmhöhe angeordneten, lastabtragenden Querriegels befindliche und an mindestens zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten linienförmig gelagerte Vertikalverglasungen im Sinne der TRLV.

C3:

Verglasungen der Kategorie A mit vorgesetztem lastabtragendem Holm in baurechtlich erforderlicher Höhe.

Fall-arresting glazings which do not serve for the removal of horizontal loads at the height of a spar and correspond to one of the following groups:

C1:

On at least two opposite sides linear and / or punctiform mounted railing infills.

C2:

Below a arranged in spar height, load-bearing cross bar and linearly mounted on at least two opposite sides vertical glazings in the sense of TRLV.

C3:

Class A glazing with pre-set load-bearing spar in the required building height.

With regard to glass products that can be used, the following applies when laminated safety glass (LSG) is used in accordance with Building Regulations List A Part 1, item no. 11.8. In addition, use may be made of glass products that have been specifically approved for use in the context of the TRLV via a general building inspectorate approval (eg tempered glass, borosilicate glass). The thicknesses of the glass panels used for the manufacture of laminated safety glass must not deviate from each other by a factor of more than 1.5. Glass types may also be used for the manufacture of laminated safety glass that are expressly approved for use in the TRLV via a general building inspectorate approval. Thermally toughened borosilicate glass with general building inspectorate approval may be used in these technical rules for the areas of application of ESG
The following variants are regulated:

Category A

• Single glazing made of laminated safety glass.
• Multi-pane insulating glazings: For reasons of risk of injury, VSG, ESG or laminated glass made of toughened glass may only be used for the impact-facing side (facing side) of insulating glazing.
• If the attack side of multi-pane insulating glazings from laminated safety glass, so all the aforementioned glass products may be used for the outer pane. If the attack side is not made of laminated safety glass, the outer pane must be made of laminated safety glass.

Category B

• Only VSG may be used.

Category C

• All single glazing category C must be made of laminated safety glass. By way of derogation, single glazings of categories C1 and C2 may be designed for all-round linear storage in ESG. For the attack-side pane of insulating glazing only ESG or VSG may be used. For insulating glass panels of category C3, the requirements of category A apply to the usable glass products.
• For the outer pane of insulating glazing of categories C1 and C2, all the aforementioned glass products can be used.

Proof of carrying capacity shall be carried out in accordance with the "Rules for the Use of Fall Arresting Glazing (TRAV)", for example by means of impact tests, and shall include the glazing and its immediate fastenings (eg terminal strips, screw connection, etc.). When verifying the secure anchoring of the glazing constructions to the building, the relevant technical building regulations must be observed. For the experimental proof of the load-bearing capacity under impact-like effects of the glazing construction, a pendulum impact test with a twin tire (mass: 50 kg, tire pressure: 4.0 bar) is used in accordance with DIN EN 12600: 1996-12 (draft standard). Depending on the category of glazing, the following pendulum heights must be used: Category A: 900 mm Category B: 700 mm Category C: 450 mm

For the pendulum impact tests, depending on the type and storage of the glazings, two to four points of impact should be checked with the aim of maximum glass and holder stress (for example, near the edge of the bearing, on the free edge of the disc, center of the disc, cantilever end). The tests are to be carried out in a room climate.

The impact resistance of panes whose smallest clear opening width between sufficiently load-bearing components (eg solid building parts, posts, bars, superior knee bars, etc.) is at most 300 mm for category A or 500 mm for categories B and C need not be proven become.

The inspection body determines the number of discs to be tested, depending on the type of construction. As a rule, at least two discs per variant must be tested.

At least one pendulum impact must be carried out at each point of impact. After every pendulum impact, the entire construction must be examined for permanent deformation and damage to the connections (eg screws, welds). If permanent damage or greater compliance of the structure is found, the planned condition of the test setup must be restored. The sufficient remaining load capacity in by Impact tests of damaged glazing constructions must be checked by another pendulum impact with a drop height of 100 mm. This impact must be carried out at the same point of impact where the pendulum impact has caused damage to the structure.

The pendulum impact test is deemed to have been passed if the glazing is neither penetrated by the impactor or torn from the anchorages, nor fragments falling down that could jeopardize traffic areas. According to the pendulum impact tests, VSG glazing based on DIN EN 12600: 1996-12 (draft standard) must not show any cracks with an opening width of more than 76 mm. Monolithic outer panes of insulating glazing must not break during the impact tests.

For Category A glazing, whose inner pane is made of tempered safety glass, the outer pane (crashed side) of laminated safety glass alone must withstand the 450 mm pendulum fall height, even if the inner pane made of tempered safety glass did not break during the tests with the 900 mm pendulum fall height.

In a further development of the wooden frame according to the invention, the fixing agent also passes completely through the frame profile. In other words, it extends from the one side surface of the frame profile to the opposite side surface. For this wood screws can be used, but also screws with metal thread, which are tightened on the opposite side with a nut. If desired, the heads of the screws or the nuts may be provided with washers. Instead of screws, however, other suitable fixing means may be used, such as metal bolts or rivets.

So that the screw heads or the nuts do not protrude beyond the surface of the frame profile, corresponding variants can be used with retractable heads and / or depressions for the heads or nuts are milled into the frame profile. The use of Linsenkopfschrauben is possible if a small supernatant of the fixing is not disturbing.

The distance between the fixing means required to ensure the anti-fall-off properties depends on various factors, in particular the strength of the frame profile, the type and nature of wood used, the depth of the grooves in relation to the profile thickness, the weight and the area of the wooden frame enclosed glass pane determined. However, with some pendulum impact tests, the distances of the fixatives from each other can be determined. Thus, the fixing means may be provided in the frame profile continuously at least every 80 cm, in particular at least every 50 cm, preferably at least every 30 cm.

The depth of the grooves depends on the weight of the inserted glass pane or its surface. Similarly, the width of the glazing beads used depends on the mechanical requirements. However, the glass retaining strips should at least be so wide that they can be sufficiently deep inserted into the grooves on the one hand and extend beyond the frame profile at the same time so far that the glass can be fixed sufficiently secure and the minimum glass interference is guaranteed according to TRAV.

The depth of the grooves moves, for example, in the range of 5 to 30 mm, preferably from 10 to 20 mm. The grooves can be made for example via a router or a saw in the frame profile. The width of the glass retaining strips can be from 10 to 60 mm, preferably from 20 to 40 mm. Their thickness is for example between 1 and 5 mm. The width of the glass retaining strips can be adapted to the depth of the grooves in a further preferred manner such that the glass retaining strips between 40 and 60%, preferably 50% of its width can be inserted into the groove before the groove bottom is reached.

In the wood frame according to the invention, the distance of the glass retaining strips from each other can be chosen so that it is greater than the thickness of the glass pane to be inserted into the wooden frame. In this way, the glass retaining strips can be equipped in their projecting beyond the frame profile area on the mutually facing sides with a damping means, in particular with a cover band. This is advantageous because in this way a direct contact between the metal glass retaining strips and the glass sheet is prevented.

In addition, it has been found that wooden frames with such incorporated damping means in pendulum impact tests show a higher resistance, since part of the kinetic energy transmitted by the pendulum is cushioned by the damping means.

It is basically within the scope of the present invention that the wooden frame has only one of the aforementioned frame profiles and the other frame profiles have a different design. Conveniently, however, the wooden frame is formed by the frame profiles described in this invention, that is, these frame profiles form around a pane to be enclosed a circumferential frame. For this purpose, the frame profiles can be provided at the respective corners of the wooden frame with a miter cut and connected or else via a blunt connection.

The frame profiles used for the wooden frame may in principle have any cross-sectional shape, with rectangular cross-sections or square cross-sections being preferred.

In development of the wooden frame according to the invention, the frame profiles used are made of solid wood. Such frame profiles are characterized by a particularly good stability.

The glass retaining strips used according to the invention can be made of steel, in particular of stainless steel. The advantage of using glass retaining strips for fixing a glass pane is, inter alia, that the frame can initially be prefabricated and installed without the glass pane. For this purpose, only the first glass retaining strip is expediently inserted into the corresponding groove. In itself, the glass retaining strips are already secured by the penetrating this fixing after complete assembly in a sufficient manner. It may be desirable for the glazing beads to already have a sufficiently tight fit in the frame profiles before the glass sheet and the second glazing bead are inserted into the wooden frame and the fixative applied. For this purpose, the width of the grooves with respect to the thickness of the glass retaining strips can be selected correspondingly narrow and the glass retaining strips are hammered into the grooves, whereby they are held in a press fit. This will be a Falling out of the glass retaining strips prevented during assembly. Additionally or alternatively, at least one of the glass retaining strips may be glued in the grooves.

Another object of the present invention relates to a fall-resistant glazing with at least one glass pane, which is characterized in that the glass pane is inserted into a wooden frame according to the invention, in particular between the glass retaining strips and held by them in the press fit.

The glass pane used for the fall-resistant glazing may consist of safety glass, in particular laminated safety glass (LSG). The use of multi-layer insulating glass panes is also possible, which can also be constructed of safety glass or single-pane safety glass.

In addition, a glass pane can also be used as a glass pane. The fire protection pane preferably has an inner intermediate layer made of a material which foams in the event of fire. This intermediate layer can be a per se known fire protection gel or a silicate material, for example a mixture of glycerine and water glass. By foaming this active ingredient in case of fire, the disc becomes cloudy and thus forms a highly effective insulating layer to heat radiation. From the originally transparent glazing, which is also referred to as Intumeszenzverglasung, thereby creating a virtually opaque fire wall.

The aforementioned types of glazing can be easily combined with each other. Fire protection windows can be used in a desired area and insulating glass panes made of safety glass can be used in other areas that do not require fire protection. Visually, these areas are practically indistinguishable from each other, since the frame profiles are each carried out in an identical manner and therefore have the same appearance. In this way, a very homogeneous and visually appealing appearance can be created in technical different specification, the glazing still meets the requirements for crash-proof glazing in accordance with the "Rules for the use of crash-resistant glazing (TRAV)".

The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment.

The wooden frame 1 has a frame profile 2 in which two parallel grooves 3, 4 extending in the longitudinal direction of the frame profile 2 are provided. In the grooves 3, 4, two glass retaining strips 5, 6 are used made of stainless steel, which are equipped in the projecting beyond the frame profile 2 area on their respective sides facing each with a damping element 7, 8 in the form of a cover band.

In the frame section 2, a fixing means 9 is screwed in from one side in the form of a countersunk screw, which partially passes through the frame profile 2 and the glazing beads 5, 6 completely.

Between the glass retaining strips 5, 6, a glass sheet 10 is held by the damping elements 7, 8 in the press fit. The glass retaining strips 5, 6 thus form a receptacle for the glass pane 10. The glass pane 10 is additionally supported relative to the frame profile 2 by means of a rear block 11.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1)

wooden frame

2)

frame profile

3)

groove

4)

groove

5)

Stainless steel glazing bead

6)

Stainless steel glazing bead

7)

damping element

8th)

damping element

9)

fixer

10)

pane

11)

Hinterklotzung

Claims (17)

1. A wood frame (1) for a fall-proof glazing, comprising at least one frame profile (2) which comprises two parallel grooves (3, 4) which extend in the longitudinal direction of the frame profile (2) and are laterally spaced from each other, wherein glass holding rails (5, 6) made of metal are inserted into the grooves (3, 4) for forming a receiver of a glass pane (10),
   characterized in
   that one or more fixing means (9) which are arranged transversally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the frame profile (2) are provided in the frame profile (2), wherein each fixing means (9) passes at least partially through the frame profile (2) and passes completely through the glass holding rails (5, 6).
2. A wood frame according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the fixing means (9) passes completely through the frame profile (2).
3. A wood frame according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in
   that the fixing means (9) is a screw, in particular a wood screw or a screw having a metal thread.
4. A wood frame according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in
   that the fixing means (9) are continuously provided in the frame profile (2) at least every 80 cm, in particular at least every 50 cm, preferably at least every 30 cm.
5. A wood frame according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in
   that the distance of the glass holding rails (5, 6) from each other is greater than the thickness of the glass pane (10).
6. A wood frame according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in
   that the glass holding rails (5, 6) are equipped with an attenuation means (8, 9), in particular with a glazing tape, in their areas projecting beyond the frame profile (2) on the sides facing each other.
7. A wood frame according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in
   that the wood frame (1) is formed by the frame profiles (2).
8. A wood frame according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in
   that the frame profiles (2) comprise a rectangular cross section or a square cross section.
9. A wood frame according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in
   that the frame profiles (2) are made of solid wood.
10. A wood frame according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in
    that the glass holding rails (5, 6) are made of steel, in particular stainless steel.
11. A wood frame according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in
    that the glass holding rails (5, 6) are hammered into the grooves (3, 4) and are thereby held in a press-fitted manner.
12. A wood frame according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in
    that at least one of the glass holding rails (5, 6) is glued in the grooves (3, 4).
13. A fall-proof glazing comprising at least one glass pane,
    characterized in
    that the glass pane (10) is inserted into a wood frame (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 13.
14. A fall-proof glazing according to claim 13,
    characterized in
    that the glass pane (10) is inserted between the glass holding rails (5, 6) and is held by these ones in a clamping manner.
15. A fall-proof glazing according to claim 13 or 14,
    characterized in
    that the glass pane (10) is made of safety glass, in particular laminated safety glass (VSG).
16. A fall-proof glazing according to one of the claims 13 to 15,
    characterized in
    that the glass pane (10) is a multi-layer insulating glass pane.
17. A fall-proof glazing according to one of the claims 13 to 16,
    characterized in
    that the glass pane (10) is a fire protection pane, preferably a fire protection pane having an inner intermediate layer made of a material that foams in case of fire.

Images