EP2373446A1 - Method for operating a hammer - Google Patents

Method for operating a hammer

Info

Publication number
EP2373446A1
EP2373446A1 EP09799491A EP09799491A EP2373446A1 EP 2373446 A1 EP2373446 A1 EP 2373446A1 EP 09799491 A EP09799491 A EP 09799491A EP 09799491 A EP09799491 A EP 09799491A EP 2373446 A1 EP2373446 A1 EP 2373446A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
linear motor
bear
hammer
control unit
additional acceleration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09799491A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2373446B1 (en
Inventor
Markus Bieg
Rainer Bopp
Michael Beloch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
L Schuler GmbH
Original Assignee
Mueller Weingarten AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mueller Weingarten AG filed Critical Mueller Weingarten AG
Publication of EP2373446A1 publication Critical patent/EP2373446A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2373446B1 publication Critical patent/EP2373446B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/20—Drives for hammers; Transmission means therefor
    • B21J7/22—Drives for hammers; Transmission means therefor for power hammers
    • B21J7/30—Drives for hammers; Transmission means therefor for power hammers operated by electro-magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/42—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by magnetic means, e.g. electromagnetic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a hammer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the inventive method for operating a hammer provides to accelerate the bear of the linear motor before the blow, the linear motor of the control unit during the downward movement of the bear before reaching the lower turning point of the bear time-dependent and / or speed-dependent and / or path-dependent force-free is switched, wherein the position of the linear motor is followed by the control unit in the further movement of the bear and the field of the linear motor is inverted and wherein the linear motor is switched to deliver the bear in its upward movement kraftunternd.
  • the linear motor even when it moves without force to follow and to invert the field early, thereby providing a sufficient time window for the hysteresis cycle available.
  • the invention provides, the activation or the kraftunternd switching the inverted linear motor, which raises the bear again, perform time-dependent and / or speed-dependent and / or path-dependent and / or a time for the activation or the kraftunternd switching the linear motor in particular the basis of measured parameters, which were measured in particular in previous hammer blows, by the control unit to predict.
  • This makes it possible to open a maximum time window to the hysteresis cycle and to switch the linear motor as early as possible without force and to reactivate it as late as possible in the inverted state for the return stroke.
  • the inventive method provides to invert the field of the linear motor before a blow of the bear on a workpiece. This allows the linear motor to act on the bear with all its force immediately after the strike. This is especially necessary if an adhesive impact is to be prevented.
  • the method according to the invention provides to invert the field of the linear motor only after a stroke of the bear on a workpiece. This can be used in a predictable strong rebound a larger window of opportunity, since the recessed bear is taken from the linear motor from an already slightly raised position.
  • the method according to the invention for operating a hammer also provides, in particular, a braking and / or a retaining device and / or an additional acceleration device by the control unit as a function of a result with which the linear motor acts on the bear, and / or in response to a state of the linear motor.
  • This makes it possible to exert a balancing effect on the work of the linear motor, for example to assist or brake it.
  • the core of this method is to make an intervention in the work of the linear motor at an earliest possible time and in particular to increase the quality of the hammer blows and to increase the reliability of the hammer.
  • the invention provides for the regulation of the brake and / or the restraint device and / or the additional acceleration device depending on whether the bear is not accelerated, moved or decelerated by the linear motor as intended.
  • the operation of the hammer can be optimized with relatively small-dimensioned additional equipment, as early intervention in the operation.
  • this allows a comparatively weak dimensioning of the linear motor, since this is supported by the additional devices if necessary.
  • the invention provides for the regulation of the braking and / or the retaining device and / or the additional acceleration device to be made in dependence on whether the bear is not held by the linear motor as intended in a defined position.
  • the security can be greatly increased.
  • the invention provides for the regulation of the brake and / or the retaining device and / or the additional acceleration device to be made as a function of whether the linear motor is switched off or switched off as intended.
  • the brake and / or restraint device can make holding or braking of the bear usually with a lower energy consumption compared to the linear motor.
  • a hammer is understood to mean a hammer forging plant which has a so-called simple hammer, which comprises a bear, or as a so-called counter-impact hammer, which has two oppositely movable, eg electrically and / or hydraulically coupled, bears.
  • a downward movement of the bear is understood to mean a movement of the bear in which it approaches a workpiece to be machined.
  • Under an upward movement of the bear is understood in the context of the invention, a movement of the bear, in which this moves away from a workpiece to be machined.
  • a position of a linear motor is understood to mean the position in which a primary part of the linear motor is at a secondary part of the linear motor.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a simple hammer
  • Figure 2 a schematic representation of a counterhamming hammer
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through the counter-impact hammer shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic representation, a hammer 1, which is designed as a so-called simple hammer 2, which comprises a bear 3.
  • the bear 3 is guided on a machine frame 4 and carries an upper part 5 of a forging die 6, which cooperates with a lower part 7 of the forging die 6.
  • the lower part 7 arranged on a Schabotte 8 of the hammer 1.
  • the bear 3 is moved in the direction of arrows y and y 'by two linear motors 9, 10 arranged symmetrically with respect to its travel axis L.
  • Each linear motor 9, 10 comprises a primary part 9a, 10a and a secondary part 9b, 10b, wherein the primary parts 9a and 10a are arranged on the machine frame 4 and the secondary parts 9b and 10b are connected to the bear 3.
  • a position S3 of the linear motors 9, 10 and / or the bear 3 or the secondary parts 9b, 10b to the primary parts 9a, 10a is detected by a position sensor 11.
  • a retaining device 12 is further arranged, which in response to a result, with which the linear motors or 9, 10 act on the bear 3, and / or in dependence on a state of the or the linear motors 9, 10th is regulated by a control unit 13.
  • the retaining device 12 is provided in particular in order to hold the bear 3 in the illustrated position S3 and thus, for example, to enable a safe replacement of the forging die 6.
  • a braking device 14 is arranged, by means of which the bear 3 can be braked, if this is raised by the linear motors 9, 10 too far and / or too fast in the direction of arrow y.
  • an additional acceleration device 15 is arranged between the machine frame 4 and the bear 3 as a further drive, by means of which the bear 3, for example, in its downward movement is additionally accelerated, if a deviation from the target speed in a downward movement in the direction of arrow y 'is detected.
  • the bear 3 is accelerated via at least one linear motor 9, 10 in the direction of arrow y ', wherein the control unit 13 or the linear motors 9, 10 before reaching a lower Turning point U of the bear 3 after a predetermined time and / or as a function of reaching a predetermined speed and / or as a function of covering a predetermined distance or at a predetermined waypoint switches without force.
  • the Downward movement of the bear 3 further changing position of the or the linear motors 9, 10 of the control unit 13 by means of the position sensor 11 and / or by means of a direct monitoring of moving with the bear 3 secondary part 9b, 10b pursued.
  • the field of the or the linear motors 9, 10 is reversed, wherein the or the linear motors 9, 10 are then activated to entrain the bear 3 in its upward movement again.
  • a further hammer 1 is shown in a schematic, partially sectioned view.
  • This is designed as a counter-impact hammer 17 and comprises two bears 3, 18, which are coupled via a hydraulic 19 with each other in their movement in the direction of arrows y, y '.
  • the hydraulic coupling forces the two bears 3, 18 to move in opposite directions.
  • the bear 3 designed as an upper bear carries an upper part 5 of a forging die 6 and the bear 18 designed as a lower bear carries a corresponding lower part 7 of the forging die 6.
  • the bear 3 of four linear motors 9, 10, 20 and 21 is driven.
  • Control unit 13 transmitted.
  • the counterhousing hammer 17 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has a braking device 14, a retaining device 12 and a hammer
  • the retaining device 12 comprises a first locking pin 12a, through which the bear 3 is lockable, and a second locking pin 12b, through which the bear 18 is lockable.
  • the additional acceleration device 15 is formed by a further linear motor 15a, which acts on the bear 18 when needed.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a hammer (1, 2), comprising at least one ram (3) that can be driven by at least one linear motor (9, 10) and a regulating unit (13).

Description

„Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hammers""Method of Operating a Hammer"
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hammers gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for operating a hammer according to the preamble of claim 1.
Aus der GB 1 195 694 ist ein Hammer mit wenigstens einem durch wenigstens einen Linearmotor antreibbaren Bär und einer Regelungseinheit bekannt.From GB 1 195 694 a hammer with at least one bear drivable by at least one linear motor and a control unit is known.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hammers vorzuschlagen, welches es ermöglicht auch schwere Hämmer mit einem Linearmotor zu betreiben.It is an object of the invention to provide a method for operating a hammer, which makes it possible to operate heavy hammers with a linear motor.
Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend von den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 bzw. des Anspruchs 5 durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 bzw. des Anspruchs 5 gelöst. In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen angegeben.This object is achieved on the basis of the features of the preamble of claim 1 and of claim 5 by the characterizing features of claim 1 and of claim 5. In the dependent claims advantageous and expedient developments are given.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hammers sieht vor, den Bär von dem Linearmotor vor dem Schlag zu beschleunigen, wobei der Linearmotor von der Regelungseinheit bei der Abwärtsbewegung des Bären vor dem Erreichen des unteren Umkehrpunktes des Bären zeitabhängig und/oder geschwindigkeitsabhängig und/oder wegabhängig kraftfrei geschaltet wird, wobei die Stellung des Linearmotors von der Regelungseinheit bei der weiteren Bewegung des Bären verfolgt und das Feld des Linearmotors invertiert wird und wobei der Linearmotor zur Mitnahme des Bären in dessen Aufwärtsbewegung wieder kraftliefernd geschaltet wird. Mit einem derartigen Verfahren ist es möglich, auch Hämmer mit einer Bärmasse im Tonnenbereich so zu betreiben, dass der Linearmotor bzw. die mit diesem verbundenen Bauteile durch die abrupte Bewegungsumkehr keinen Schaden nehmen bzw. dass die Bewegungsumkehr regelungstechnisch sauber durchführbar ist. Kern der Erfindung ist es den Linearmotor auch dann, wenn sich dieser kraftfrei bewegt zu verfolgen und das Feld frühzeitig zu invertieren, um hierdurch ein ausreichendes Zeitfenster für den Hysteresezyklus zur Verfügung zu stellen.The inventive method for operating a hammer provides to accelerate the bear of the linear motor before the blow, the linear motor of the control unit during the downward movement of the bear before reaching the lower turning point of the bear time-dependent and / or speed-dependent and / or path-dependent force-free is switched, wherein the position of the linear motor is followed by the control unit in the further movement of the bear and the field of the linear motor is inverted and wherein the linear motor is switched to deliver the bear in its upward movement kraftliefernd. With such a method, it is also possible to operate hammers with a barrel mass in the tonne range so that the linear motor or the components connected to it do not suffer any damage due to the abrupt reversal of motion or that the reversal of motion is technically clean. At the heart of the invention is the linear motor, even when it moves without force to follow and to invert the field early, thereby providing a sufficient time window for the hysteresis cycle available.
Insbesondere sieht die Erfindung vor, das Aktivieren bzw. das kraftliefernd Schalten des invertierten Linearmotors, welcher den Bär wieder anhebt, zeitabhängig und/oder geschwindigkeitsabhängig und/oder wegabhängig durchzuführen und/oder einen Zeitpunkt für das Aktivieren bzw. das kraftliefernd Schalten des Linearmotors insbesondere auf der Grundlage gemessener Parameter, welche insbesondere bei vorhergehenden Hammerschlägen gemessenen wurden, durch die Regelungseinheit vorauszuberechnen. Hierdurch ist es möglich, dem Hysteresezyklus ein maximales Zeitfenster zu öffnen und den Linearmotor möglichst frühzeitig kraftfrei zu schalten und möglichst spät im invertierten Zustand für den Rückhub wieder zu aktivieren.In particular, the invention provides, the activation or the kraftliefernd switching the inverted linear motor, which raises the bear again, perform time-dependent and / or speed-dependent and / or path-dependent and / or a time for the activation or the kraftliefernd switching the linear motor in particular the basis of measured parameters, which were measured in particular in previous hammer blows, by the control unit to predict. This makes it possible to open a maximum time window to the hysteresis cycle and to switch the linear motor as early as possible without force and to reactivate it as late as possible in the inverted state for the return stroke.
Weiterhin sieht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren vor, das Feld des Linearmotors schon vor einem Schlag des Bären auf ein Werkstück zu invertieren. Hierdurch kann der Linearmotor sofort nach dem Schlag mit seiner ganzen Kraft auf den Bär wirken. Dies ist insbesondere dann erforderlich, wenn ein klebender Schlag verhindert werden soll.Furthermore, the inventive method provides to invert the field of the linear motor before a blow of the bear on a workpiece. This allows the linear motor to act on the bear with all its force immediately after the strike. This is especially necessary if an adhesive impact is to be prevented.
Weiterhin sieht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren vor, das Feld des Linearmotors erst nach einem Schlag des Bären auf ein Werkstück zu invertieren. Hierdurch kann bei einem vorhersehbaren starken Rückprall ein größeres Zeitfenster genutzt werden, da der zurückspringende Bär von dem Linearmotor aus einer bereits leicht angehobenen Stellung mitgenommen wird.Furthermore, the method according to the invention provides to invert the field of the linear motor only after a stroke of the bear on a workpiece. This can be used in a predictable strong rebound a larger window of opportunity, since the recessed bear is taken from the linear motor from an already slightly raised position.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hammers sieht insbesondere auch vor, eine Brems- und /oder eine Rückhalteeinrichtung und/oder eine Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung durch die Regelungseinheit in Abhängigkeit von einem Ergebnis, mit welchem der Linearmotor auf den Bär wirkt, und/oder in Abhängigkeit von einem Zustand des Linearmotors zu regeln. Hierdurch ist es möglich ausgleichend auf die Arbeit des Linearmotors einzuwirken, z.B. diesen zu unterstützen oder zu bremsen. Kern dieses Verfahrens ist es einen Eingriff in die Arbeit des Linearmotors zu einem frühest möglichen Zeitpunkt vorzunehmen und so insbesondere die Qualität der Hammerschläge zu erhöhen bzw. die Betriebssicherheit des Hammers zu erhöhen.The method according to the invention for operating a hammer also provides, in particular, a braking and / or a retaining device and / or an additional acceleration device by the control unit as a function of a result with which the linear motor acts on the bear, and / or in response to a state of the linear motor. This makes it possible to exert a balancing effect on the work of the linear motor, for example to assist or brake it. The core of this method is to make an intervention in the work of the linear motor at an earliest possible time and in particular to increase the quality of the hammer blows and to increase the reliability of the hammer.
Insbesondere sieht die Erfindung vor, die Regelung der Brems- und/oder der Rückhalteeinrichtung und/oder der Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung in Anhängigkeit davon vorzunehmen, ob der Bär von dem Linearmotor nicht wie vorgesehen beschleunigt, bewegt oder verzögert wird. Durch eine direkte Überwachung der Wirkung des Linearmotors auf den Bären kann der Betrieb des Hammers mit relativ klein dimensionierten Zusatzeinrichtungen optimiert werden, da frühzeitig in den Betriebsablauf eingegriffen wird. Dies erlaubt andererseits eine vergleichsweise schwache Dimensionierung des Linearmotors, da dieser bei Bedarf durch die Zusatzeinrichtungen unterstützt wird.In particular, the invention provides for the regulation of the brake and / or the restraint device and / or the additional acceleration device depending on whether the bear is not accelerated, moved or decelerated by the linear motor as intended. By directly monitoring the effect of the linear motor on the bear, the operation of the hammer can be optimized with relatively small-dimensioned additional equipment, as early intervention in the operation. On the other hand, this allows a comparatively weak dimensioning of the linear motor, since this is supported by the additional devices if necessary.
Weiterhin sieht die Erfindung vor, die Regelung der Brems- und/oder der Rückhalteeinrichtung und/oder der Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung in Anhängigkeit davon vorzunehmen, ob der Bär von dem Linearmotor nicht wie vorgesehen in einer definierten Stellung gehalten wird. Hierdurch lässt sich insbesondere die Sicherheit stark erhöhen.Furthermore, the invention provides for the regulation of the braking and / or the retaining device and / or the additional acceleration device to be made in dependence on whether the bear is not held by the linear motor as intended in a defined position. As a result, in particular the security can be greatly increased.
Schließlich sieht die Erfindung vor, die Regelung der Brems- und/oder der Rückhalteeinrichtung und/oder der Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung in Anhängigkeit davon vorzunehmen, ob der Linearmotor wie vorgesehen kraftfrei geschaltet oder ausgeschaltet wird. Insbesondere die Brems- und/oder Rückhalteeinrichtung kann ein Halten oder Bremsen des Bären in der Regel mit einem im Vergleich zu dem Linearmotor geringeren Energieverbrauch vornehmen. Unter einem Hammer wird im Sinne der Erfindung eine Hammerschmiedeanlage verstanden, welche als sogenannter einfacher Hammer, welcher einen Bär umfasst, oder als sogenannter Gegenschlaghammer, welcher zwei gegenläufig verfahrbare, z.B. elektrisch und/oder hydraulisch miteinander gekoppelte Bären aufweist.Finally, the invention provides for the regulation of the brake and / or the retaining device and / or the additional acceleration device to be made as a function of whether the linear motor is switched off or switched off as intended. In particular, the brake and / or restraint device can make holding or braking of the bear usually with a lower energy consumption compared to the linear motor. For the purposes of the invention, a hammer is understood to mean a hammer forging plant which has a so-called simple hammer, which comprises a bear, or as a so-called counter-impact hammer, which has two oppositely movable, eg electrically and / or hydraulically coupled, bears.
Unter einer Abwärtsbewegung des Bären wird im Sinne der Erfindung eine Bewegung des Bären verstanden, bei welcher sich dieser einem zu bearbeitenden Werkstück annähert. Unter einer Aufwärtsbewegung des Bären wird im Sinne der Erfindung eine Bewegung des Bären verstanden, bei welcher sich dieser von einem zu bearbeitenden Werkstück entfernt.In the sense of the invention, a downward movement of the bear is understood to mean a movement of the bear in which it approaches a workpiece to be machined. Under an upward movement of the bear is understood in the context of the invention, a movement of the bear, in which this moves away from a workpiece to be machined.
Unter einer Stellung eines Linearmotors wird im Sinne der Erfindung die Stellung verstanden, in welcher ein Primärteil des Linearmotors zu einem Sekundärteil des Linearmotors steht.In the context of the invention, a position of a linear motor is understood to mean the position in which a primary part of the linear motor is at a secondary part of the linear motor.
Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden in der Zeichnung anhand von schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben.Further details of the invention are described in the drawing with reference to schematically illustrated embodiments.
Hierbei zeigt:Hereby shows:
Figur 1: eine schematische Darstellung eines einfachen Hammers;Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a simple hammer;
Figur 2: eine schematische Darstellung eines Gegenschlaghammers undFigure 2: a schematic representation of a counterhamming hammer and
Figur 3: einen Schnitt durch den in der Figur 2 gezeigten Gegenschlaghammer .FIG. 3 shows a section through the counter-impact hammer shown in FIG.
In der Figur 1 ist in schematischer Darstellung eine Hammer 1 gezeigt, welcher als sogenannter einfacher Hammer 2 ausgebildet ist, welcher einen Bär 3 umfasst. Der Bär 3 ist an einem Maschinenrahmen 4 geführt und trägt ein Oberteil 5 eines Schmiedegesenks 6, welches mit einem Unterteil 7 des Schmiedegesenks 6 zusammenwirkt. Hierbei ist das Unterteil 7 auf einer Schabotte 8 des Hammers 1 angeordnet. Der Bär 3 wird durch zwei symmetrisch zu seiner Verfahrachse L angeordnete Linearmotoren 9, 10 in Pfeilrichtungen y und y' bewegt. Jeder Linearmotor 9, 10 umfasst ein Primärteil 9a, 10a und ein Sekundärteil 9b, 10b, wobei die Primärteile 9a und 10a an dem Maschinenrahmen 4 angeordnet sind und die Sekundärteile 9b und 10b mit dem Bär 3 verbunden sind. Ein Stellung S3 der Linearmotoren 9, 10 bzw. bzw. des Bären 3 bzw. der Sekundärteile 9b, 10b zu den Primärteilen 9a, 10a wird durch einen Positionssensor 11 erfasst. An dem Maschinenrahmen 4 ist weiterhin eine Rückhalteeinrichtung 12 angeordnet, welche in Abhängigkeit von einem Ergebnis, mit welchem der bzw. die Linearmotoren 9, 10 auf den Bär 3 wirken, und/oder in Abhängigkeit von einem Zustand des bzw. der Linearmotoren 9, 10 mittels einer Regelungseinheit 13 geregelt wird. Die Rückhaltevorrichtung 12 ist insbesondere vorgesehen, um den Bär 3 in der dargestellten Stellung S3 zu halten und so z.B. einen gefahrfreien Austausch des Schmiedegesenks 6 zu ermöglichen. Oberhalb des Bären 3 ist eine Bremseinrichtung 14 angeordnet, mittel welcher der Bär 3 abbremsbar ist, falls dieser von den Linearmotoren 9, 10 zu weit und/oder zu schnell in die Pfeilrichtung y angehoben wird. Schließlich ist zwischen dem Maschinenrahmen 4 und dem Bär 3 als weiterer Antrieb noch eine Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung 15 angeordnet, mittels welcher der Bär 3 z.B. in seiner Abwärtsbewegung zusätzlich beschleunigbar ist, sofern eine Abweichung von der Sollgeschwindigkeit bei einer Abwärtsbewegung in die Pfeilrichtung y' festgestellt wird.FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic representation, a hammer 1, which is designed as a so-called simple hammer 2, which comprises a bear 3. The bear 3 is guided on a machine frame 4 and carries an upper part 5 of a forging die 6, which cooperates with a lower part 7 of the forging die 6. Here, the lower part 7 arranged on a Schabotte 8 of the hammer 1. The bear 3 is moved in the direction of arrows y and y 'by two linear motors 9, 10 arranged symmetrically with respect to its travel axis L. Each linear motor 9, 10 comprises a primary part 9a, 10a and a secondary part 9b, 10b, wherein the primary parts 9a and 10a are arranged on the machine frame 4 and the secondary parts 9b and 10b are connected to the bear 3. A position S3 of the linear motors 9, 10 and / or the bear 3 or the secondary parts 9b, 10b to the primary parts 9a, 10a is detected by a position sensor 11. On the machine frame 4, a retaining device 12 is further arranged, which in response to a result, with which the linear motors or 9, 10 act on the bear 3, and / or in dependence on a state of the or the linear motors 9, 10th is regulated by a control unit 13. The retaining device 12 is provided in particular in order to hold the bear 3 in the illustrated position S3 and thus, for example, to enable a safe replacement of the forging die 6. Above the bear 3, a braking device 14 is arranged, by means of which the bear 3 can be braked, if this is raised by the linear motors 9, 10 too far and / or too fast in the direction of arrow y. Finally, an additional acceleration device 15 is arranged between the machine frame 4 and the bear 3 as a further drive, by means of which the bear 3, for example, in its downward movement is additionally accelerated, if a deviation from the target speed in a downward movement in the direction of arrow y 'is detected.
Sofern ein Hammerschlag auf ein mit gestrichelten Linien dargestelltes Werkstück 16 ausgeführt werden soll, wird der Bär 3 über wenigstens einen Linearmotor 9, 10 in die Pfeilrichtung y' beschleunigt, wobei die Regelungseinheit 13 den bzw. die Linearmotoren 9, 10 vor dem Erreichen eines unteren Umkehrpunktes U des Bären 3 nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit und/oder in Abhängigkeit vom Erreichen einer vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeit und/oder in Abhängigkeit vom Zurücklegen einer vorgegebenen Wegstrecke bzw. an einem vorbestimmten Wegpunkt kraftfrei schaltet. Anschließend wird die sich mit der Abwärtsbewegung des Bären 3 weiter ändernde Stellung des bzw. der Linearmotoren 9, 10 von der Regelungseinheit 13 mittels des Positionssensors 11 und/oder mittels einer direkten Überwachung des sich mit dem Bär 3 bewegenden Sekundärteils 9b, 10b verfolgt. Schließlich wird das Feld des bzw. der Linearmotoren 9, 10 umgepolt, wobei der bzw. die Linearmotoren 9, 10 dann zur Mitnahme des Bären 3 in dessen Aufwärtsbewegung wieder aktiviert werden.If a hammer blow is to be performed on a workpiece 16 shown with dashed lines, the bear 3 is accelerated via at least one linear motor 9, 10 in the direction of arrow y ', wherein the control unit 13 or the linear motors 9, 10 before reaching a lower Turning point U of the bear 3 after a predetermined time and / or as a function of reaching a predetermined speed and / or as a function of covering a predetermined distance or at a predetermined waypoint switches without force. Then it will be with the Downward movement of the bear 3 further changing position of the or the linear motors 9, 10 of the control unit 13 by means of the position sensor 11 and / or by means of a direct monitoring of moving with the bear 3 secondary part 9b, 10b pursued. Finally, the field of the or the linear motors 9, 10 is reversed, wherein the or the linear motors 9, 10 are then activated to entrain the bear 3 in its upward movement again.
In der Figur 2 ist in schematischer, teilweise geschnittener Ansicht ein weiterer Hammer 1 gezeigt. Dieser ist als Gegenschlaghammer 17 ausgeführt und umfasst zwei Bären 3, 18, welche über eine Hydraulik 19 miteinander in ihrer Bewegung in Pfeilrichtungen y, y' gekoppelt sind. Die hydraulische Kopplung zwingt die beiden Bären 3, 18 zu einer gegenläufigen Bewegung. Der als Oberbär ausgeführte Bär 3 trägt ein Oberteil 5 eines Schmiedegesenks 6 und der als Unterbär ausgeführte Bär 18 trägt ein entsprechendes Unterteil 7 des Schmiedegesenks 6. Wie aus der in der Figur 3 gezeigte Schnittdarstellung, welche einen Schnitt durch den in der Figur 2 gezeigten Hammer 1 entsprechend der Schnittlinie III-III zeigt, hervorgeht, wird der Bär 3 von vier Linearmotoren 9, 10, 20 und 21 angetrieben. Diese umfassen im Wesentlichen jeweils ein an einem Maschinenrahmen 4 angeordnetes Primärteil 9a, 10a, 20a, 21a und ein an dem Bär 3 angeordnetes Sekundärteil 9b, 10b, 20b, 21b. Stellungen S3, S18 der beiden Bären 3, 18 werden durch Positionssensoren 11, 22 überwacht und an eineIn FIG. 2, a further hammer 1 is shown in a schematic, partially sectioned view. This is designed as a counter-impact hammer 17 and comprises two bears 3, 18, which are coupled via a hydraulic 19 with each other in their movement in the direction of arrows y, y '. The hydraulic coupling forces the two bears 3, 18 to move in opposite directions. The bear 3 designed as an upper bear carries an upper part 5 of a forging die 6 and the bear 18 designed as a lower bear carries a corresponding lower part 7 of the forging die 6. As shown in the sectional view shown in FIG. 3, which shows a section through the hammer shown in FIG 1 according to the section line III-III shows, the bear 3 of four linear motors 9, 10, 20 and 21 is driven. These essentially comprise in each case a primary part 9a, 10a, 20a, 21a arranged on a machine frame 4 and a secondary part 9b, 10b, 20b, 21b arranged on the bar 3. Positions S3, S18 of the two bears 3, 18 are monitored by position sensors 11, 22 and to a
Regelungseinheit 13 übermittelt. Ebenso wie der in der Figur 1 dargestellte einfache Hammer weist der in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellte Gegenschlaghammer 17 eine Bremseinrichtung 14, eine Rückhalteeinrichtung 12 und eineControl unit 13 transmitted. Like the simple hammer shown in FIG. 1, the counterhousing hammer 17 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has a braking device 14, a retaining device 12 and a hammer
Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung 15 auf. Hierbei umfasst die Rückhalteeinrichtung 12 einen ersten Sperrbolzen 12a, durch welchen der Bär 3 sperrbar ist, und einen zweiten Sperrbolzen 12b, durch welchen der Bär 18 sperrbar ist. Die Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung 15 ist durch einen weiteren Linearmotor 15a gebildet, welcher bei Bedarf auf den Bär 18 wirkt. Die Erfindung ist nicht auf dargestellte oder beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Sie umfasst vielmehr Weiterbildungen der Erfindung im Rahmen der Schutzrechtsansprüche . Additional accelerator 15 on. Here, the retaining device 12 comprises a first locking pin 12a, through which the bear 3 is lockable, and a second locking pin 12b, through which the bear 18 is lockable. The additional acceleration device 15 is formed by a further linear motor 15a, which acts on the bear 18 when needed. The invention is not limited to illustrated or described embodiments. Rather, it includes developments of the invention within the scope of the patent claims.
Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Hammer1 hammer
2 einfacher Hammer2 simple hammer
3 Bär3 bear
4 Maschinenrahmen4 machine frame
5 Oberteil von 65 top of 6
6 Schmiedegesenk6 forging
7 Unterteil von 67 lower part of 6
8 Schabotte8 Schabotte
9, 10 Linearmotor9, 10 linear motor
9a, 10a Primärteil von 9, 109a, 10a primary part of 9, 10
9b, 10b Sekundärteil von 9, 109b, 10b Secondary part of 9, 10
11 Positionssensor für 311 position sensor for 3
12 Rückhalteeinrichtung12 Retaining device
13 Regelungseinheit13 control unit
14 Bremseinrichtung14 braking device
15 Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung15 additional acceleration device
15a weitere Linearmotor15a further linear motor
16 Werkstück16 workpiece
17 Gegenschlaghammer17 counter-hammer
18 Bär18 bear
19 Hydraulik19 hydraulics
20, 21 Linearmotor20, 21 linear motor
20a , 21a Primärteil von 20, 2120a, 21a primary part of 20, 21
20b , 21b Sekundärteil von 20, 2120b, 21b secondary part of 20, 21
22 Positionssensor für 1822 position sensor for 18
L VerfahrachseL travel axis
S3, S18 Stellung von 3 bzw. 18S3, S18 position of 3 resp. 18
U unterer Umkehrpunkt y, y' Bewegungsrichtung von 3 bzw. 18 U lower reversal point y, y 'direction of movement of 3 and 18, respectively

Claims

Ansprüche : Claims :
1. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hammers (1, 2, 17) mit wenigstens einem durch wenigstens einen Linearmotor (9, 10, 20, 21) antreibbaren Bär (3, 18) und einer Regelungseinheit (13) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bär (3) von dem Linearmotor (9, 10, 20, 21) vor einem Schlag beschleunigt wird, wobei der Linearmotor (9, 10, 20, 21) von der Regelungseinheit (13) bei der Abwärtsbewegung des Bären (3) vor dem Erreichen des unteren ümkehrpunktes (U) des Bären (3) zeitabhängig und/oder geschwindigkeitsabhängig und/oder wegabhängig kraftfrei geschaltet wird, wobei die Stellung (S3) des Linearmotors (9, 10, 20, 21) von der Regelungseinheit (13) bei der weiteren Bewegung des Bären (3) verfolgt und das Feld des Linearmotors (9, 10, 20, 21) invertiert wird und wobei der Linearmotor (9, 10, 20, 21) zur Mitnahme des Bären (3) in dessen Aufwärtsbewegung wieder kraftliefernd geschaltet wird.1. A method for operating a hammer (1, 2, 17) with at least one by at least one linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) driven bear (3, 18) and a control unit (13), characterized in that the bear (3) is accelerated by the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) before impact, wherein the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) of the control unit (13) during the downward movement of the bear (3) before reaching the position (S3) of the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) of the control unit (13) in the further Traced movement of the bear (3) and the field of the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) is inverted and wherein the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) for driving the bear (3) in its upward movement is switched to supplying power again ,
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kraftliefernd Schalten des Linearmotors (9, 10, 20, 21) zeitabhängig und/oder geschwindigkeitsabhängig und/oder wegabhängig erfolgt und/oder dass ein Zeitpunkt für das kraftliefernd Schalten des Linearmotors (9, 10, 20, 21) insbesondere auf der Grundlage gemessener Parameter, insbesondere auf der Grundlage von bei vorhergehenden Hammerschlägen gemessenen Parametern, von der Regelungseinheit (13) vorherberechnet wird.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the force-supplying switching of the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) is time-dependent and / or speed-dependent and / or path-dependent and / or that a time for the power-supplying switching of the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21), in particular on the basis of measured parameters, in particular on the basis of parameters measured in previous hammer blows, is precalculated by the control unit (13).
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Feld des Linearmotors (9, 10, 20, 21) vor einem Schlag des Bären (3, 18) auf ein Werkstück (16) invertiert wird.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the field of the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) is inverted before a blow of the bear (3, 18) on a workpiece (16).
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Feld des Linearmotors (9, 10, 20, 21) nach einem Schlag des Bären (3, 18) auf ein Werkstück (16) invertiert wird.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the field of the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) after a stroke of the bear (3, 18) on a workpiece (16) is inverted.
5. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hammers (1, 2, 17) mit wenigstens einem durch wenigstens einen Linearmotor (9, 10, 20, 21) antreibbaren Bär (3, 18) und einer Regelungseinheit (13) insbesondere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Bremseinrichtung (14) und /oder eine Rückhalteeinrichtung (12) und/oder eine Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung (15, 15a) durch die Regelungseinheit (13) in Abhängigkeit von einem Ergebnis, mit welchem der Linearmotor (9, 10, 20, 21) auf den Bär (3, 18) wirkt, und/oder in Abhängigkeit von einem Zustand des Linearmotors (9, 10, 20, 21) geregelt wird.5. A method for operating a hammer (1, 2, 17) with at least one by at least one linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) drivable bear (3, 18) and a control unit (13) in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a braking device (14) and / or a retaining device (12) and / or an additional acceleration device (15, 15a) by the control unit (13) in dependence on a result with which the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) acts on the bear (3, 18), and / or in response to a state of the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) is regulated.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelung der Bremseinrichtung (14) und /oder der Rückhalteeinrichtung (12) und/oder der6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the regulation of the braking device (14) and / or the retaining device (12) and / or the
Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung (15, 15a) in Anhängigkeit davon erfolgt, ob der Bär (3, 18) von dem Linearmotor nicht wie vorgesehen beschleunigt, bewegt oder verzögert wird.Additional acceleration means (15, 15a) depending on whether the bear (3, 18) is not accelerated, moved or decelerated by the linear motor as intended.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelung der Bremseinrichtung (14) und /oder der Rückhalteeinrichtung (12) und/oder der Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung (15, 15a) in Anhängigkeit davon erfolgt, ob der Bär (3, 18) von dem Linearmotor (9, 10, 20, 21) nicht wie vorgesehen in einer definierten Stellung gehalten wird.7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the regulation of the braking device (14) and / or the retaining device (12) and / or the additional acceleration means (15, 15a) takes place in dependence on whether the bear (3, 18) of the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) is not held as intended in a defined position.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelung der Bremseinrichtung (14) und /oder der Rückhalteeinrichtung (12) und/oder der8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the regulation of the braking device (14) and / or the retaining device (12) and / or the
Zusatzbeschleunigungseinrichtung (15, 15a) in Anhängigkeit davon erfolgt, ob der Linearmotor (9, 10, 20, 21) wie vorgesehen kraftfrei geschaltet oder ausgeschaltet wird. Additional acceleration means (15, 15a) depending on whether the linear motor (9, 10, 20, 21) is switched off or switched off as intended power.
EP09799491.7A 2008-12-22 2009-10-29 Method for operating a hammer Active EP2373446B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE200810064228 DE102008064228A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2008-12-22 Method of operating a hammer
PCT/DE2009/001534 WO2010072186A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2009-10-29 Method for operating a hammer

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EP2373446A1 true EP2373446A1 (en) 2011-10-12
EP2373446B1 EP2373446B1 (en) 2015-09-23

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DE (1) DE102008064228A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2553967T3 (en)
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CN102335705A (en) * 2011-09-30 2012-02-01 太原理工大学 Electric direct driving type impact forging hammer
EP2687359B1 (en) * 2012-07-18 2016-06-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Machine and method for improving the precision of a non-linear movement of a machine element
DE102015119101B4 (en) * 2015-11-06 2017-12-21 Schuler Pressen Gmbh Blacksmith hammer and method of tracking a movement of a hammer bear of a blacksmith's hammer
DE102015119591B4 (en) 2015-11-12 2017-12-21 Schuler Pressen Gmbh Linear hammer and method for operating a linear hammer
DE102015119946B4 (en) * 2015-11-18 2018-10-25 Schuler Pressen Gmbh sledgehammer
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ES2553967T3 (en) 2015-12-15
CN107030238B (en) 2019-04-12
CN102264488B (en) 2017-04-12
EP2373446B1 (en) 2015-09-23
WO2010072186A1 (en) 2010-07-01
CN102264488A (en) 2011-11-30
CN107030238A (en) 2017-08-11
HUE025655T2 (en) 2016-04-28

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