EP2367975B1 - Device for comminuting a cellulose-containing feedstock - Google Patents

Device for comminuting a cellulose-containing feedstock Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2367975B1
EP2367975B1 EP09807591A EP09807591A EP2367975B1 EP 2367975 B1 EP2367975 B1 EP 2367975B1 EP 09807591 A EP09807591 A EP 09807591A EP 09807591 A EP09807591 A EP 09807591A EP 2367975 B1 EP2367975 B1 EP 2367975B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
grinding
layer
discs
top layer
disc
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EP09807591A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2367975A1 (en
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Stephane HÖRNER
Anna Mayer
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Andritz AG
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Andritz AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
    • D21D1/00—Methods of beating or refining; Beaters of the Hollander type
    • D21D1/20—Methods of refining
    • D21D1/30—Disc mills
    • D21D1/306—Discs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the reduction of a cellulose-containing feed material in the wood processing, especially in the pulp, paper and wood board production, using relatively small spaced rotating grinding discs, and a screw conveyor for the transport of the feed material to the grinding discs carrying the refining plates , according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the feed material can be present in various forms, such as wood chips, veneer residues, sawdust, fibers and the like.
  • Roundwood is first processed into wood chips, which can be subsequently fed as a feedstock for further crushing a generic device.
  • the generic device serves to produce wood fibers, which are further processed into pulp, paper, or wood fiber boards, such as "MDF boards” (medium density wood fiber boards).
  • Pulp is the chemical pulping of plant fibers, mostly wood fibers, resulting mass, which consists mainly of cellulose.
  • the wood fibers produced in the generic device are further processed into a pulp, which is also referred to as "pulp".
  • the generic devices are also known as "shredders"("refiner”).
  • shredders In these devices, two grooved grinding discs rotate at a slight distance relative to each other, distinguishing between single-disc refiners with only one rotating disc, and double-disc refiners in which both discs rotate.
  • the feed material is thrown by a screw conveyor between the two grinding discs, where it is ground up.
  • the shredded feed material is subsequently blown out of the refiner through a blow pipe.
  • the steam forms the means of transport for the wood fibers, for example on their way through the blowpipe into a subsequent dryer.
  • the grinding discs carry mutually facing refining plates.
  • the rotating refining plate is on a rotating grinding disc, and the static grinding plate is on a stator.
  • the refining plates may be flat, conical, cylindrical, or even a combination of these different geometries.
  • the grinding discs are in the. Usually made of steel, because the two grinding discs have high mechanical loads.
  • the rotating grinding disk for the grinding process must transmit high axial forces from the shaft of the grinding disk to the grinding plate, and on the other hand, it must also transmit high torques from the shaft to the grinding plate.
  • the gap between the two grinding plates should namely be kept sufficiently constant to ensure a perfect grinding process.
  • the forces acting on the grinding discs cause deformation of the grinding discs, thus affecting the grinding process. In known refiners according to the state of the art, there are thus again and again impairments of the grinding quality due to deformations of the grinding disks.
  • Claim 1 refers to a device for the comminution of a cellulose-containing feed material in the wood processing, in particular in the pulp, paper and wood board production, by means of relatively small spaced rotating grinding discs.
  • the relative rotation of the grinding discs can be given by rotation of a grinding disc relative to a stationary grinding disc, or both grinding discs.
  • at least one of the grinding disks has a layer structure in the axial direction with at least one cover layer and at least one carrier layer, wherein the at least one cover layer has a higher modulus of elasticity and a higher density than the at least one carrier layer. Due to the layered structure, a targeted optimization with regard to the loading situation of the grinding disks can take place.
  • the at least one cover layer has a high modulus of elasticity, that is to say a high flexural rigidity for a given area moment of inertia of the geometrically given cross section, so that the high axial loads and the high torques can be absorbed.
  • the bending stiffness can be optimized so that hardly deformations of the grinding discs occur, so that a uniform grinding quality can be ensured.
  • the carrier of the grinding disc is made of a material of lower density, which reduces the total weight of the grinding disc accordingly. As a result, higher rotational speeds can be achieved, which not only reduces the load on the shaft bearings, but also allows a higher material throughput.
  • the shaft bearing can therefore be constructed simpler, which reduces the cost. Furthermore, the structure proposed according to the invention also proves more cost-effective than conventional grinding disks, since cheaper materials can be used. In addition, since the centrifugal forces are reduced due to the lower total weight, there is a reduced risk potential if the grinding disk breaks.
  • the at least one carrier layer has a greater total thickness than the at least one cover layer in order to take account of the lower density of the carrier layer.
  • the carrier layer transmits primarily shear forces, and serves as a carrier for the at least one cover layer.
  • the at least one cover layer is made of glass-fiber-reinforced or carbon fiber-reinforced laminates.
  • the at least one carrier layer may be made of a foamed or honeycomb material, for example.
  • Fig. 1 schematically a representation of a shredder (refiner) with a rotating grinding disc 1 and a stator 2 is shown.
  • Both grinding disk 1 and stator 2 each carry grinding plates 4, which are generally circular in shape with up to 20 segments and are slightly spaced apart in the axial direction, usually about 0.3 to 0.7 mm.
  • the rotating grinding disc 1 is arranged on a shaft 3.
  • a housing 5 is further arranged within which a screw conveyor 8 is rotatably mounted.
  • the feed 6 for the feed material. Supplied feed material is thus transported by the screw conveyor 8 in the direction of the rotating grinding disk 1, where it passes between the two grinding plates 4.
  • the ground feed leaves the shredder on the opposite side of the housing 5 of the grinding disc 1, ie with respect to the Fig. 1 on the right side of the device.
  • conventional grinding discs 1 are made of steel. Instead, it is provided according to the invention that at least one of the grinding disks 1 has a layer structure in the axial direction with at least one cover layer 10 and at least one carrier layer 11, wherein the at least one cover layer 10 has a higher modulus of elasticity and a higher density than the at least one support layer 11 Fig. 2a
  • an embodiment is shown in which an inner carrier layer 11 is encased with an outer cover layer 10.
  • a carrier layer 11 "sandwiched" between two outer cover layers 10 is arranged.
  • the at least one cover layer 10 Due to the higher modulus of elasticity, as well as the higher density, the at least one cover layer 10 thus has a high flexural rigidity, so that the high axial loads and the high torques can be accommodated.
  • the carrier layer 11 of the grinding disc 1 is made of a material of lower density, which reduces the total weight of the grinding disc 1 accordingly. As a result, higher rotational speeds can be achieved, which not only reduces the load on the shaft bearings, but also allows a higher material throughput.
  • the at least one cover layer 10 may be made of, for example, glass fiber reinforced or carbon fiber reinforced laminates, or made using a so-called "prepreg," which is a prefabricated combination of resin and fibers.
  • prepreg a prefabricated combination of resin and fibers.
  • the latter offer the advantage that a more accurate distribution between resin and fiber volume can be achieved, so that ultimately more uniform material values can be achieved.
  • resin systems epoxy resins, cyanester resins, bismaleimides (BMI) and polyurethane can be used.
  • the at least one carrier layer may be made of a foamed or honeycomb material. On the one hand, composites of this type have a high flexural strength and tensile strength, but on the other hand also a low weight, and are also cheaper to produce than the currently used grinding discs made of steel.
  • the bending stiffness is caused primarily by the cover layer 10 with a high modulus of elasticity, as from Fig. 3b is apparent.
  • the Fig. 3b in this case shows the bending stress curve along a cross section of a grinding disk 1 according to the invention, as in the embodiments of the Fig. 2 is shown schematically, and is the bending stress curve in a conventional, made of steel grinding disk according to Fig. 3a to face.
  • Bending stresses are the stresses acting in the axial direction of the grinding disc 1. While the entire cross section of a grinding disc made of steel absorbs bending stresses, this is the case in a grinding disk 1 according to the invention only in the cover layer 10.
  • the tensile stress profile is due to radial centrifugal load in a conventional, made of steel grinding disc the tensile stress profile along a cross section of a grinding disc 1 according to the invention according to Fig. 3d opposite posed.
  • the tensile stresses in a grinding disk 1 according to the invention are lower due to the lower weight than in conventional grinding disks made of steel.
  • larger tensile stresses are absorbed in the cover layer 10 than in the inner carrier layer 11 3e and 3f show mixed load situations for conventional steel grinding discs ( Fig. 3e ) and for a grinding disk 1 according to the invention ( Fig. 3f ).

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  • Paper (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung für die Verkleinerung eines zellulosehältigen Aufgabegutes in der Holzverarbeitung, insbesondere in der Zellstoff-, Papier- und Holzplattenherstellung, mithilfe von relativ zueinander in geringfügigem Abstand rotierenden Mahlscheiben, sowie einer Förderschnecke für den Transport des Aufgabegutes zu den Mahlscheiben die Mahlplatten tragen, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a device for the reduction of a cellulose-containing feed material in the wood processing, especially in the pulp, paper and wood board production, using relatively small spaced rotating grinding discs, and a screw conveyor for the transport of the feed material to the grinding discs carrying the refining plates , according to the preamble of claim 1.

Das Aufgabegut kann dabei in unterschiedlicher Form vorliegen, etwa als Hackschnitzel, Furnierreste, Sägespäne, Fasern und dergleichen. Rundholz wird zunächst zu Hackschnitzel verarbeitet, die in weiterer Folge zur weiteren Zerkleinerung einer gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung als Aufgabegut zugeführt werden können. Die gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung dient dabei der Herstellung von Holzfasern, die etwa zu Zellstoff, Papier, oder zu Holzfaserplatten, etwa zu "MDF-Platten" (mitteldichte Holzfaserplatten) weiter verarbeitet werden. Als Zellstoff bezeichnet man dabei die beim chemischen Aufschluss von Pflanzenfasern, zumeist Holzfasern, entstehende Masse, die vorwiegend aus Zellulose besteht. Im Rahmen der Papierherstellung werden die in der gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erzeugten Holzfasern zu einem Faserbrei weiter verarbeitet, der auch als "Pulpe" bezeichnet wird.The feed material can be present in various forms, such as wood chips, veneer residues, sawdust, fibers and the like. Roundwood is first processed into wood chips, which can be subsequently fed as a feedstock for further crushing a generic device. The generic device serves to produce wood fibers, which are further processed into pulp, paper, or wood fiber boards, such as "MDF boards" (medium density wood fiber boards). Pulp is the chemical pulping of plant fibers, mostly wood fibers, resulting mass, which consists mainly of cellulose. As part of papermaking the wood fibers produced in the generic device are further processed into a pulp, which is also referred to as "pulp".

Die gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen sind auch als "Zerfaserer" ("Refiner") bekannt. In diesen Vorrichtungen rotieren relativ zueinander zwei gerillte Mahlscheiben in geringfügigem Abstand, wobei zwischen Einscheibenrefinern mit nur einer drehenden Scheibe, und Doppelscheibenrefinern, bei denen sich beide Scheiben drehen, unterschieden wird. Das Aufgabegut wird durch eine Förderschnecke zwischen die beiden Mahlscheiben geschleudert, wo es aufgemahlen wird. Das zerfaserte Aufgabegut wird in weiterer Folge aus dem Refiner durch eine Blasleitung ausgeblasen. Im Refiner entstehen dabei aufgrund der im Aufgabegut enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit und der hohen Reibungswärme üblicher Weise etwa sechs bis zehn bar Dampfdruck. Der Dampf bildet das Transportmittel für die Holzfasern, etwa auf ihrem Weg durch die Blasleitung in einen anschließenden Trockner.The generic devices are also known as "shredders"("refiner"). In these devices, two grooved grinding discs rotate at a slight distance relative to each other, distinguishing between single-disc refiners with only one rotating disc, and double-disc refiners in which both discs rotate. The feed material is thrown by a screw conveyor between the two grinding discs, where it is ground up. The shredded feed material is subsequently blown out of the refiner through a blow pipe. In the refiner arise due to The moisture contained in the feed and the high frictional heat usually way about six to ten bar steam pressure. The steam forms the means of transport for the wood fibers, for example on their way through the blowpipe into a subsequent dryer.

Die Mahlscheiben tragen einander zugewandte Mahlplatten ("refining plates"). Im Falle eines Einscheibenrefiners befindet sich die rotierende Mahlplatte auf einer rotierenden Mahlscheibe, und die statische Mahlplatte auf einem Stator. Die Mahlplatten können flach, konisch, zylindrisch, oder auch als Kombination dieser verschiedenen Geometrien ausgeführt sein. Die Mahlscheiben werden in der . Regel aus Stahl gefertigt, da auf die beiden Mahlscheiben große mechanische Belastungen wirken. Einerseits muss etwa die rotierende Mahlscheibe für den Mahlvorgang hohe axiale Kräfte von der Welle der Mahlscheibe auf die Mahlplatte übertragen, und andererseits muss sie auch hohe Drehmomente von der Welle auf die Mahlplatte übertragen. Diese hohen mechanischen Belastungen führen in der Praxis zu erheblichen Schwierigkeiten. Der Spalt zwischen den beiden Mahlplatten sollte nämlich hinreichend konstant gehalten werden, um einen einwandfreien Mahlvorgang sicher zu stellen. Die auf die Mahlscheiben wirkenden Kräfte verursachen aber Verformungen der Mahlscheiben, die somit den Mahlvorgang beeinträchtigen. In bekannten Refinern gemäß dem Stand der Technik kommt es somit immer wieder zu Beeinträchtigungen der Mahlqualität aufgrund von Verformungen der Mahlscheiben.The grinding discs carry mutually facing refining plates. In the case of a single-disc refiner, the rotating refining plate is on a rotating grinding disc, and the static grinding plate is on a stator. The refining plates may be flat, conical, cylindrical, or even a combination of these different geometries. The grinding discs are in the. Usually made of steel, because the two grinding discs have high mechanical loads. On the one hand, for example, the rotating grinding disk for the grinding process must transmit high axial forces from the shaft of the grinding disk to the grinding plate, and on the other hand, it must also transmit high torques from the shaft to the grinding plate. These high mechanical loads lead to considerable difficulties in practice. The gap between the two grinding plates should namely be kept sufficiently constant to ensure a perfect grinding process. However, the forces acting on the grinding discs cause deformation of the grinding discs, thus affecting the grinding process. In known refiners according to the state of the art, there are thus again and again impairments of the grinding quality due to deformations of the grinding disks.

Da die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Mahlscheiben überdies bis zu 3000 Umdrehungen pro Minute betragen kann, sind die rotierenden Mahlscheiben und die Mahlplatten auch hohen Zentrifugalkräften ausgesetzt. Daher sind auch der maximalen Rotationsgeschwindigkeit Grenzen gesetzt, da ansonsten die Zentrifugalbelastungen auf die Mahlscheibe selbst, sowie auf die Wellenlager zu groß werden würden. Außerdem würde sich bei einem Bruch der Mahlscheibe bei sehr hohen Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeiten ein zu hohes Gefährdungspotential ergeben.Moreover, since the rotational speed of the grinding discs can be up to 3000 revolutions per minute, the rotating grinding discs and the grinding plates are also exposed to high centrifugal forces. Therefore, the maximum rotational speed limits, otherwise the centrifugal loads on the grinding disk itself, as well as on the shaft bearings would be too large. In addition, would be at a fraction of the grinding disc at very high Turning speeds give too high potential hazard.

Im Stand der Technik gibt es Dokumente, wie z.H. die WO 2006/043162 , US 5836531 und US 5201917 , die jeweils Mahlplatten zeigen, die auf einer Mahlscheibe befestigt werden. Diese Mahlplatten werden als Verschleißschutz mehrlagig aufgebaut oder es werden verschleißarme Materialien auf einen Grundkörper aufgetragen. Die Probleme der Mahlscheibe durch die Zentrifugalkraft kann dadurch nicht gelöst werden.In the prior art there are documents, such as the WO 2006/043162 . US 5836531 and US 5201917 , each showing grinding plates, which are mounted on a grinding disc. These refining plates are constructed as multi-layer wear protection or wear-resistant materials are applied to a base body. The problems of the grinding disc by the centrifugal force can not be solved.

Es ist somit das Ziel der Erfindung, die Nachteile bekannter Vorrichtungen für die Zerkleinerung eines zellulosehältigen Aufgabegutes zu vermeiden. Insbesondere soll trotz der hohen mechanischen Belastungen eine einwandfreie Mahlqualität sicher gestellt werden. Des Weiteren sollen bekannte Vorrichtungen so optimiert werden, dass höhere Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten, und somit höherer Materialdurchsatz, ermöglicht werden. Diese Vorteile sollen dabei bei niedrigeren Kosten und höherer Betriebssicherheit erzielt werden.It is therefore the object of the invention to avoid the disadvantages of known devices for the comminution of a cellulosic feedstock. In particular, a perfect grinding quality should be ensured despite the high mechanical loads. Furthermore, known devices are to be optimized so that higher rotational speeds, and thus higher material throughput, are made possible. These advantages are to be achieved at a lower cost and higher reliability.

Diese Ziele werden durch die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 verwirklicht. Anspruch 1 bezieht sich dabei auf eine Vorrichtung für die Zerkleinerung eines zellulosehältigen Aufgabegutes in der Holzverarbeitung, insbesondere in der Zellstoff-, Papier- und Holzplattenherstellung, mithilfe von relativ zueinander in geringfügigem Abstand rotierenden Mahlscheiben. Die relative Rotation der Mahlscheiben kann dabei durch Rotation einer Mahlscheibe gegenüber einer ruhenden Mahlscheibe, oder auch beider Mahlscheiben gegeben sein. Erfindungsgemäß ist hierbei vorgesehen, dass zumindest eine der Mahlscheiben in axialer Richtung eine Schichtaufbau mit zumindest einer Deckschicht und zumindest einer Trägerschicht aufweist, wobei die zumindest eine Deckschicht einen höheren Elastizitätsmodul, sowie eine höhere Dichte aufweist, als die zumindest eine Trägerschicht. Durch den schichtförmigen Aufbau kann eine gezielte Optimierung hinsichtlich der Belastungssituation der Mahlscheiben erfolgen. So weist erfindungsgemäß die zumindest eine Deckschicht einen hohen Elastizitätsmodul auf, also bei vorgegebenem Flächenträgheitsmoment des geometrisch gegebenen Querschnitts eine hohe Biegesteifigkeit, sodass die hohen axialen Belastungen, sowie die hohen Drehmomente aufgenommen werden können. Insbesondere kann die Biegesteifigkeit so optimiert werden, dass kaum Verformungen der Mahlscheiben auftreten, sodass eine gleichmäßige Mahlqualität sicher gestellt werden kann. Andererseits wird der Träger der Mahlscheibe aus einem Werkstoff niedrigerer Dichte gefertigt, was das Gesamtgewicht der Mahlscheibe entsprechend reduziert. Dadurch können höhere Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten erzielt werden, was nicht nur die Belastungen auf die Wellenlager verringert, sondern auch einen höheren Materialdurchsatz erlaubt. Das Wellenlager kann daher auch einfacher aufgebaut sein, was die Kosten verringert. Des Weiteren erweist sich der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Aufbau auch kostengünstiger als konventionelle Mahlscheiben, da billigere Werkstoffe verwendet werden können. Da außerdem durch das geringere Gesamtgewicht die Zentrifugalkräfte reduziert werden, ergibt sich ein verringertes Gefährdungspotential bei einem Bruch der Mahlscheibe.These objects are achieved by the features of claim 1. Claim 1 refers to a device for the comminution of a cellulose-containing feed material in the wood processing, in particular in the pulp, paper and wood board production, by means of relatively small spaced rotating grinding discs. The relative rotation of the grinding discs can be given by rotation of a grinding disc relative to a stationary grinding disc, or both grinding discs. According to the invention, it is provided here that at least one of the grinding disks has a layer structure in the axial direction with at least one cover layer and at least one carrier layer, wherein the at least one cover layer has a higher modulus of elasticity and a higher density than the at least one carrier layer. Due to the layered structure, a targeted optimization with regard to the loading situation of the grinding disks can take place. Thus, according to the invention, the at least one cover layer has a high modulus of elasticity, that is to say a high flexural rigidity for a given area moment of inertia of the geometrically given cross section, so that the high axial loads and the high torques can be absorbed. In particular, the bending stiffness can be optimized so that hardly deformations of the grinding discs occur, so that a uniform grinding quality can be ensured. On the other hand, the carrier of the grinding disc is made of a material of lower density, which reduces the total weight of the grinding disc accordingly. As a result, higher rotational speeds can be achieved, which not only reduces the load on the shaft bearings, but also allows a higher material throughput. The shaft bearing can therefore be constructed simpler, which reduces the cost. Furthermore, the structure proposed according to the invention also proves more cost-effective than conventional grinding disks, since cheaper materials can be used. In addition, since the centrifugal forces are reduced due to the lower total weight, there is a reduced risk potential if the grinding disk breaks.

Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die zumindest eine Trägerschicht insgesamt eine größere Dicke aufweist, als die zumindest eine Deckschicht, um der geringeren Dichte der Trägerschicht Rechnung zu tragen. Die Trägerschicht überträgt dabei in erster Linie Scherkräfte, und dient als Träger für die zumindest eine Deckschicht.It is advantageous if the at least one carrier layer has a greater total thickness than the at least one cover layer in order to take account of the lower density of the carrier layer. The carrier layer transmits primarily shear forces, and serves as a carrier for the at least one cover layer.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die zumindest eine Deckschicht aus glasfaserverstärkten, oder kohlenstofffaserverstärkten Laminaten gefertigt. Die zumindest eine Trägerschicht kann etwa aus einem geschäumten oder wabenförmigen Werkstoff gefertigt sein.According to an advantageous development of the invention, the at least one cover layer is made of glass-fiber-reinforced or carbon fiber-reinforced laminates. The at least one carrier layer may be made of a foamed or honeycomb material, for example.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mithilfe der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen dabei die

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Zerfaserers,
  • Fig. 2a einen Querschnitt durch eine Hälfte einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Mahlscheibe mit Schichtaufbau,
  • Fig. 2b einen Querschnitt durch eine Hälfte einer ersten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Mahlscheibe mit Schichtaufbau, und die
  • Fig. 3a-f den Verlauf der Biege- und Zugspannungen in Mahlscheiben mit konventionellem Aufbau und mit erfindungsgemäßem Aufbau.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows the
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a shredder,
  • Fig. 2a a cross section through one half of a first embodiment of a grinding disk according to the invention with layer structure,
  • Fig. 2b a cross-section through one half of a first embodiment of a grinding disk according to the invention with layer structure, and the
  • Fig. 3a-f the course of the bending and tensile stresses in grinding wheels with conventional design and with inventive design.

In der Fig. 1 ist schematisch eine Darstellung eines Zerfaserers (Refiners) mit einer rotierenden Mahlscheibe 1 und einem Stator 2 gezeigt. Sowohl Mahlscheibe 1 als auch Stator 2 tragen jeweils Mahlplatten 4, die in der Regel kreisringförmig mit bis zu 20 Segmenten ausgeführt sind und in axialer Richtung geringfügig voneinander beabstandet sind, in der Regel etwa 0.3 - 0.7 mm. Die rotierende Mahlscheibe 1 ist auf einer Welle 3 angeordnet. In axialer Richtung zur Mahlscheibe 1 ist des Weiteren ein Gehäuse 5 angeordnet, innerhalb dessen eine Förderschnecke 8 rotierbar gelagert ist. Im Bereich der axialen Erstreckung der Förderschnecke 8 befindet sich auch die Zufuhr 6 für das Aufgabegut. Zugeführtes Aufgabegut wird somit von der Förderschnecke 8 in Richtung der rotierenden Mahlscheibe 1 transportiert, wo es zwischen die beiden Mahlplatten 4 gelangt. Das aufgemahlene Aufgabegut verlässt den Zerfaserer auf der dem Gehäuse 5 gegenüberliegenden Seite der Mahlscheibe 1, also in Bezug auf die Fig. 1 auf der rechten Seite der Vorrichtung.In the Fig. 1 schematically a representation of a shredder (refiner) with a rotating grinding disc 1 and a stator 2 is shown. Both grinding disk 1 and stator 2 each carry grinding plates 4, which are generally circular in shape with up to 20 segments and are slightly spaced apart in the axial direction, usually about 0.3 to 0.7 mm. The rotating grinding disc 1 is arranged on a shaft 3. In the axial direction of the grinding disc 1, a housing 5 is further arranged within which a screw conveyor 8 is rotatably mounted. In the region of the axial extent of the screw conveyor 8, there is also the feed 6 for the feed material. Supplied feed material is thus transported by the screw conveyor 8 in the direction of the rotating grinding disk 1, where it passes between the two grinding plates 4. The ground feed leaves the shredder on the opposite side of the housing 5 of the grinding disc 1, ie with respect to the Fig. 1 on the right side of the device.

Im Zuge des Transports des Aufgabegutes und des Mahlvorgangs wird große Reibungswärme frei, sodass aufgrund der im Aufgabegut enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit Dampfdruck von bis zu 23 bar, üblicher Weise ca. 6-10 bar, entsteht. Dieser Dampf wird einerseits als Transportmittel für die Holzfasern, etwa auf ihrem Weg durch die Blasleitung in einen anschließenden Trockner oder Zyklon, verwendet, ein Teil des Dampfes wird aber auch durch die Förderschnecke 8 über den Dampfablass 7 aus dem Zerfaserer abgeführt.In the course of transport of the feed material and the grinding process, large frictional heat is released, so that due to the moisture contained in the feed material vapor pressure of up to 23 bar, usually about 6-10 bar, is formed. This steam is on the one hand used as a transport for the wood fibers, such as on their way through the blowpipe in a subsequent dryer or cyclone, but part of the steam is also removed by the screw conveyor 8 via the steam outlet 7 from the shredder.

Wie bereits erwähnt wurde, sind herkömmliche Mahlscheiben 1 aus Stahl gefertigt. Erfindungsgemäß ist stattdessen vorgesehen, dass zumindest eine der Mahlscheiben 1 in axialer Richtung einen Schichtaufbau mit zumindest einer Deckschicht 10 und zumindest einer Trägerschicht 11 aufweist, wobei die zumindest eine Deckschicht 10 einen höheren Elastizitätsmodul, sowie eine höhere Dichte aufweist, als die zumindest eine Trägerschicht 11. In der Fig. 2a ist etwa eine Ausführungsform gezeigt, bei der eine innen liegende Trägerschicht 11 mit einer äußeren Deckschicht 10 ummantelt ist. In der Fig. 2b ist eine Ausführungsform gezeigt, bei der eine Trägerschicht 11 "sandwichartig" zwischen zwei äußeren Deckschichten 10 angeordnet ist. Bei beiden Varianten ist auch denkbar, auch für Deckschichten 10 und Trägerschicht 11 einen Schichtaufbau aus Zonen unterschiedlicher Dichte und Elastizitätsmodul vorzusehen, etwa durch Verwendung unterschiedlicher Materialien.As already mentioned, conventional grinding discs 1 are made of steel. Instead, it is provided according to the invention that at least one of the grinding disks 1 has a layer structure in the axial direction with at least one cover layer 10 and at least one carrier layer 11, wherein the at least one cover layer 10 has a higher modulus of elasticity and a higher density than the at least one support layer 11 Fig. 2a For example, an embodiment is shown in which an inner carrier layer 11 is encased with an outer cover layer 10. In the Fig. 2b an embodiment is shown in which a carrier layer 11 "sandwiched" between two outer cover layers 10 is arranged. In both variants, it is also conceivable to provide a layer structure of zones of different density and modulus of elasticity also for cover layers 10 and support layer 11, for example by using different materials.

Aufgrund des höheren Elastizitätsmodul, sowie der höheren Dichte weist die zumindest eine Deckschicht 10 somit eine hohe Biegesteifigkeit auf, sodass die hohen axialen Belastungen und die hohen Drehmomente aufgenommen werden können. Andererseits wird die Trägerschicht 11 der Mahlscheibe 1 aus einem Werkstoff niedrigerer Dichte gefertigt, was das Gesamtgewicht der Mahlscheibe 1 entsprechend reduziert. Dadurch können höhere Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten erzielt werden, was nicht nur die Belastungen auf die Wellenlager verringert, sondern auch einen höheren Materialdurchsatz erlaubt.Due to the higher modulus of elasticity, as well as the higher density, the at least one cover layer 10 thus has a high flexural rigidity, so that the high axial loads and the high torques can be accommodated. On the other hand, the carrier layer 11 of the grinding disc 1 is made of a material of lower density, which reduces the total weight of the grinding disc 1 accordingly. As a result, higher rotational speeds can be achieved, which not only reduces the load on the shaft bearings, but also allows a higher material throughput.

Die zumindest eine Deckschicht 10 kann etwa aus glasfaserverstärkten oder kohlenstofffaserverstärkten Laminaten gefertigt sein, oder mithilfe einer Verwendung so genannter "Prepregs" gefertigt sein, bei denen es sich um eine vorkonfektionierte Kombination aus Harz und Fasern handelt. Letztere bieten den Vorteil, dass eine genauere Verteilung zwischen Harz- und Faservolumen erfolgen kann, sodass letztendlich gleichmäßigere Materialwerte erzielbar sind. Als Harzsysteme können Epoxyharze, Cyanesterharze, Bismaleimide (BMI) und Polyurethan verwendet werden. Die zumindest eine Trägerschicht kann aus einem geschäumten oder wabenförmigen Werkstoff gefertigt sein. Verbundwerkstoffe dieser Art weisen einerseits eine hohe Biegesteifigkeit und Zugfestigkeit auf, andererseits aber auch geringes Gewicht, und sind außerdem billiger herzustellen, als die derzeit verwendeten Mahlscheiben aus Stahl. Die Biegesteifigkeit wird dabei in erster Linie von der Deckschicht 10 mit hohem Elastizitätsmodul verursacht, wie aus der Fig. 3b ersichtlich ist. Die Fig. 3b zeigt hierbei den Biegespannungsverlauf entlang eines Querschnitts einer erfindungsgemäßen Mahlscheibe 1, wie sie etwa in den Ausführungsformen der Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellt ist, und ist dem Biegespannungsverlauf in einer konventionellen, aus Stahl gefertigten Mahlscheibe gemäß Fig. 3a gegenüber zu stellen. Biegespannungen sind die in axialer Richtung der Mahlscheibe 1 wirkenden Spannungen. Während der gesamte Querschnitt einer aus Stahl gefertigten Mahlscheibe Biegespannungen aufnimmt, ist dies bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Mahlscheibe 1 nur in der Deckschicht 10 der Fall. Die innen liegende Trägerschicht 11 nimmt hingegen keine Biegespannungen auf. Falls die Deckschicht 10 so ausgelegt wird, dass die maximal verträglichen Biegespannungen höher sind als jene von Stahl, so lassen sich dennoch auch bei den Ausführungsformen gemäß der Fig. 2 mit Stahl vergleichbare Biegesteifigkeiten verwirklichen.The at least one cover layer 10 may be made of, for example, glass fiber reinforced or carbon fiber reinforced laminates, or made using a so-called "prepreg," which is a prefabricated combination of resin and fibers. The latter offer the advantage that a more accurate distribution between resin and fiber volume can be achieved, so that ultimately more uniform material values can be achieved. As the resin systems, epoxy resins, cyanester resins, bismaleimides (BMI) and polyurethane can be used. The at least one carrier layer may be made of a foamed or honeycomb material. On the one hand, composites of this type have a high flexural strength and tensile strength, but on the other hand also a low weight, and are also cheaper to produce than the currently used grinding discs made of steel. The bending stiffness is caused primarily by the cover layer 10 with a high modulus of elasticity, as from Fig. 3b is apparent. The Fig. 3b in this case shows the bending stress curve along a cross section of a grinding disk 1 according to the invention, as in the embodiments of the Fig. 2 is shown schematically, and is the bending stress curve in a conventional, made of steel grinding disk according to Fig. 3a to face. Bending stresses are the stresses acting in the axial direction of the grinding disc 1. While the entire cross section of a grinding disc made of steel absorbs bending stresses, this is the case in a grinding disk 1 according to the invention only in the cover layer 10. The inner carrier layer 11, however, absorbs no bending stresses. If the cover layer 10 is designed so that the maximum tolerated bending stresses are higher than those of steel, so can still be in the embodiments according to the Fig. 2 to realize comparable bending stiffnesses with steel.

In der Fig. 3c wird der Zugspannungsverlauf aufgrund radialer Zentrifugalbelastung in einer konventionellen, aus Stahl gefertigten Mahlscheibe dem Zugspannungsverlauf entlang eines Querschnitts einer erfindungsgemäßen Mahlscheibe 1 gemäß Fig. 3d gegenüber gestellt. Zunächst zeigt sich, dass die Zugspannungen bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Mahlscheibe 1 aufgrund des geringeren Gewichts geringer sind, als in konventionellen Mahlscheiben aus Stahl. Des Weiteren zeigt sich wiederum, dass bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Mahlscheibe 1 in der Deckschicht 10 größere Zugspannungen aufgenommen werden, als in der innen liegende Trägerschicht 11. Die Fig. 3e und 3f zeigen gemischte Belastungssituationen für konventionelle Mahlscheiben aus Stahl (Fig. 3e) und für eine erfindungsgemäße Mahlscheibe 1 (Fig. 3f).In the Fig. 3c the tensile stress profile is due to radial centrifugal load in a conventional, made of steel grinding disc the tensile stress profile along a cross section of a grinding disc 1 according to the invention according to Fig. 3d opposite posed. First of all, it can be seen that the tensile stresses in a grinding disk 1 according to the invention are lower due to the lower weight than in conventional grinding disks made of steel. Furthermore, it again turns out that with a grinding disk 1 according to the invention, larger tensile stresses are absorbed in the cover layer 10 than in the inner carrier layer 11 3e and 3f show mixed load situations for conventional steel grinding discs ( Fig. 3e ) and for a grinding disk 1 according to the invention ( Fig. 3f ).

Mithilfe einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann somit trotz der hohen mechanischen Belastungen eine einwandfreie Mahlqualität sicher gestellt werden. Des Weiteren können bekannte Vorrichtungen so optimiert werden, dass höhere Rotationsgeschwindigkeiten, und somit höherer Materialdurchsatz, ermöglicht werden. Dabei sind niedrigere Kosten, sowie höhere Betriebssicherheit erzielbar.With the aid of a device according to the invention, it is thus possible to achieve perfect performance despite the high mechanical loads Milling quality can be ensured. Furthermore, known devices can be optimized to enable higher rotational speeds, and thus higher material throughput. This lower costs, and higher reliability can be achieved.

Claims (4)

  1. Device for size reduction of a cellulosic compound in wood processing, particularly in the manufacture of pulp, paper and panelboard, with the aid of refining discs (1) that hold refining plates (4) and rotate in relation to one another with a narrow gap in between, and a screw conveyor (8) for conveying the compound to the refining discs (1), characterised by a layered structure with at least one top layer (10) and at least one supporting layer (11) forming at least one of the refining discs (1) in axial direction, where the at least one top layer (10) has a higher elasticity module and a higher density than the at least one supporting layer (11).
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised by the at least one supporting layer (11) having a greater overall thickness than the at least one top layer (10).
  3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised by the at least one top layer (10) being made of a glass-fibre or carbon-fibre reinforced laminate.
  4. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised by the at least one supporting layer (11) being made of a foamed or honeycombed material.
EP09807591A 2008-12-23 2009-12-21 Device for comminuting a cellulose-containing feedstock Not-in-force EP2367975B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT20122008A AT507724B1 (en) 2008-12-23 2008-12-23 DEVICE FOR DISCONNECTING A CELLULOSE-RELATED APPLICATION GROUND
PCT/AT2009/000493 WO2010071911A1 (en) 2008-12-23 2009-12-21 Device for comminuting a cellulose-containing feedstock

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EP2367975A1 EP2367975A1 (en) 2011-09-28
EP2367975B1 true EP2367975B1 (en) 2012-11-21

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CN (1) CN102264980A (en)
AT (1) AT507724B1 (en)
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DE102021132158A1 (en) 2021-12-07 2023-06-07 Aikawa Fiber Technologies Inc. Refiner filler with multiple coatings on rods

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US3327952A (en) * 1964-08-01 1967-06-27 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co Method for the preparation of fibrous materials for the production of paper and cardboard
CN85103088A (en) * 1985-04-23 1986-10-22 美商贝洛特公司 Composite flexible pulp refiner disk and method for making thereof
US5042726A (en) * 1989-11-13 1991-08-27 Sunds Defibrator Ab Apparatus and method for conjoint adjustment of both the inner and outer grinding spaces of a pulp defibrating apparatus
FR2667804B1 (en) * 1990-10-11 1995-02-10 Technogenia Sa ANTI-ABRASION SURFACE PLATE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME.
FR2707677B1 (en) 1993-07-13 1995-08-25 Technogenia Plate for defibering or refining paper pulp, and process for its production.
DE19712653C2 (en) * 1997-03-26 2002-10-24 Voith Paper Fiber Systems Gmbh Method and device for dispersing a waste paper pulp
DE19955009C2 (en) * 1999-11-16 2001-10-18 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Process for the production of sets for the mechanical processing of suspended fiber material
DE202004003743U1 (en) * 2004-03-10 2004-05-19 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Grinder and grinding set for paper pulp
CN2719396Y (en) * 2004-07-09 2005-08-24 田光发 High-speed shearing-industry colloid mill
US20090045278A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2009-02-19 Ulrich Bech Crushing element and mills with grinding bodies, mixers, extruders and a pressing worm provided with said crushing elements

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AT507724A3 (en) 2011-01-15
WO2010071911A1 (en) 2010-07-01
AT507724B1 (en) 2011-03-15
EP2367975A1 (en) 2011-09-28
RU2011129071A (en) 2013-01-27
BRPI0923685A2 (en) 2016-01-19
CL2011001541A1 (en) 2011-10-14
AT507724A2 (en) 2010-07-15
CN102264980A (en) 2011-11-30

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