EP2363912B1 - Diplexer for a reflector antenna - Google Patents
Diplexer for a reflector antenna Download PDFInfo
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- EP2363912B1 EP2363912B1 EP20110001735 EP11001735A EP2363912B1 EP 2363912 B1 EP2363912 B1 EP 2363912B1 EP 20110001735 EP20110001735 EP 20110001735 EP 11001735 A EP11001735 A EP 11001735A EP 2363912 B1 EP2363912 B1 EP 2363912B1
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- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- signal
- diplexer
- mode
- common
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
- H01P1/2133—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies using coaxial filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
- H01P1/162—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion absorbing spurious or unwanted modes of propagation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
- H01P1/2138—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies using hollow waveguide filters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a diplexer for a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals.
- the invention further relates to a method for processing a received signal fed into a diplexer.
- beacon signal emitted by the remote station is used.
- a directional diagram with a zero point in the main beam direction is required.
- an additional signal is received, which can be used to correct the direction deviation.
- the transmission, separation and evaluation of the beacon signal is in addition to the transmission of the actual communication signal.
- the beacon signal must not influence the communication signal.
- a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals typically includes a diplexer having a common signal waveguide for transmitting a transmit signal and a receive signal.
- the common signal waveguide includes first and second ends. Connected to the first end of the common signal waveguide is a horn, via which a decoupling of the transmission signal and an injection of the transmission signal into the common signal waveguide takes place.
- the common signal waveguide is usually coupled to a plurality of waveguide gates for feeding the transmit signal into the diplexer and for coupling the received signal from the diplexer in a receiving network.
- the waveguide gates are, for example, symmetrically distributed on the outside of the common signal waveguide and in each case communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide.
- the purpose of the diplexer is to process a mode mixture of modes of the received signal in such a way that it is possible to distinguish between the actual communication signal and correction data for the communication signal.
- the diplexer must correctly transmit a transmission signal fed into the plurality of signal waveguides for coupling out through the horn.
- a coaxial diplexer for a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals comprises a first circular waveguide in which a first signal can propagate. It further comprises a second, circular waveguide, in which a second signal can propagate at a lower frequency than the first signal, wherein the second waveguide surrounds the first waveguide.
- a portion of the second waveguide is formed as a groove waveguide having a number of itself along a circumferentially annularly extending grooves.
- the US 2003/0222733 A1 discloses the separation of modes by reducing the diameter of the horn below the critical diameter by means of a virtual short circuit. A common decoupling of received signal (from the perspective of the satellite) and tracking signal with simultaneous separation of the transmission signal is not possible.
- the disclosure relates to ground station applications where due to reverse assignment of transmit and receive bands the indicated feed system structure can be used. Filters are mandatory in the side arms.
- US5399999 (Eisenhart) converts a TEM01 mode in the circular waveguide first by a suitable transition into a circular cylindrical coaxial TEM mode, which is then converted into a coaxial line with asymmetrically arranged rectangular outer conductor.
- the invention provides a diplexer for a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals. It comprises a common, circular signal waveguide for transmitting a transmission signal and a reception signal comprising a first end and a second end, wherein at the first end a common gate is formed.
- the diplexer further comprises a waveguide arrangement, which is arranged in the region of a second end of the signal waveguide coaxial with the signal waveguide. Further, a cylindrical coupling portion is provided, which is arranged between the first and the second end of the signal waveguide and connects the waveguide arrangement with the common signal waveguide.
- the invention is characterized in that the waveguide arrangement for forming a first and second coaxial waveguide gate comprises a first, circular and a second circular waveguide.
- a first signal can propagate during operation of the diplexer, wherein an inner conductor is arranged in the interior of the first waveguide.
- a received signal also referred to as receiving band hereinafter
- a second signal may propagate at a lower frequency than the first signal, wherein the second waveguide surrounds the first waveguide.
- the invention further provides a method for processing a signal fed into a diplexer according to the invention.
- a TE11 mode is fed into the common port.
- a TM11 mode is excited in the signal waveguide and superimposed with the TE11 mode such that the entire energy of the second signal (in the transmission band) by a constructive superposition of outer field components and a destructive superposition of inner field components in the second, outer waveguide flows and that the entire energy of the first signal (in the receiving band) flows through a constructive superposition of internal field components and a destructive superposition of external field components in the first, inner waveguide.
- the first signal (in the receiving band) is transferred at feeding the TM01 mode at the common gate in the TEM mode of the first waveguide. From the TE11 mode and the TM01 mode of the first signal (in the receiving band), an information for aligning the reflector antenna is determined by processing the modes.
- the invention thus proposes to separate the transmit and receive signal and at the same time to perform a transformation of the mode TM01 in the TEM mode in the receive band, so that a tracking signal for antenna alignment is available in the receive band in addition to the communication signal.
- This is made possible by the use of an inner conductor, which is arranged in the interior of the first waveguide.
- An advantage of this procedure is that the sum and difference signals required for the tracking are coupled out under the same conditions, in particular at the same temperature. As a result, phase errors are avoided by different temperatures in the RF paths.
- Another advantage is that the tracking signal is decoupled only after the transmit and receive signals have been separated. As a result, disturbances of the transmission signal are avoided by a Trackingmodenkoppler.
- the diplexer according to the invention is a coaxial diplexer. This is due to the coaxial arrangement of the first, circular waveguide, which is surrounded by the second circular waveguide.
- the inner conductor is formed pin-shaped.
- the first waveguide and the inner conductor end at the same or different height.
- a further embodiment provides that the coupling portion is formed as a first groove waveguide, which has to the interior of the signal waveguide through a number of annularly extending grooves along an inner circumference.
- the first groove waveguide adjoins the second end of the signal waveguide.
- the second waveguide is at least partially formed as a second groove waveguide, the inside of the signal waveguide towards a number of along an inner circumference annularly extending grooves.
- the second groove waveguide preferably adjoins the coupling section or the second end of the signal waveguide.
- the grooves of the first and / or second groove waveguide are each arranged equidistant from each other. In a specific embodiment it can be provided that the distance between respective grooves of the first groove waveguide is different than the distance between respective grooves of the second groove waveguide.
- the diplexer according to the invention is further distinguished by the fact that the second waveguide port (in the transmission band) is coupled with a turnstile branching and two 180 ° hybrid couplers or with two coaxial sidearm orthomode transformers to produce dual linearly polarized signals.
- the second waveguide port (in the transmit band) is coupled to one polarizer, one turnstile branch and two 180 ° hybrid couplers, or to one turnstile branch, two 180 ° hybrid couplers, and one 90 ° hybrid coupler for dual circular polarization generation.
- the first waveguide port (in the receive band) is for generating linear polarization with a turnstile branch and three 180 ° hybrid couplers coupled.
- the first waveguide port (in the receive band) is coupled to a turnstile branch, three 180 ° hybrid couplers, and a 90 ° hybrid coupler to produce circular polarization.
- the FIGS. 1 to 3 show a coaxial diplexer 1 according to the invention for a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals.
- the diplexer 1 comprises a common, circular signal waveguide 2 for transmitting a transmission signal and a reception signal.
- the signal waveguide 2 comprises a first end 3 and a second end 4.
- a common gate 20 is formed at the first end 3.
- a cylindrical coupling section 6 is arranged between the first and the second end 3, 4 of the signal waveguide 2, the cylindrical coupling section 6 adjoining the second end 4.
- the cylindrical one Coupling section 6 is formed as a first groove waveguide 10. This has to the interior of the signal waveguide 2 towards a number of along an inner circumference annularly extending grooves 11.
- the grooves 11 are arranged equidistant from each other.
- a waveguide assembly 5 connects. This is arranged coaxially with the signal waveguide 2.
- the waveguide assembly 5 comprises a first circular waveguide 7, in which a first signal in the receiving band can propagate during operation of the diplexer, wherein a pin-shaped inner conductor 8 is arranged in the interior of the first waveguide 7 is.
- the first waveguide 7 and the inner conductor 8 terminate in the embodiment at an equal height, but this is not mandatory.
- a second, circular waveguide 9, which adjoins the second end of the signal waveguide 2, surrounds the first waveguide 7.
- a second signal may propagate in the transmission band at a lower frequency than the first signal in the reception band during operation of the diplexer ,
- the second waveguide 9 is formed at least in sections as a second groove waveguide 12.
- the second groove waveguide directly adjoins the second end of the signal waveguide 2 or the coupling section 6 or first groove waveguide 10.
- the second groove waveguide 12 has a number of grooves 13 extending annularly along an inner circumference towards the interior of the signal waveguide.
- the grooves of the second groove waveguide 12 are arranged only by way of example equidistant from each other.
- the distance between the grooves 13 of the second groove waveguide 12 is greater than the distance between the grooves 11 of the first groove waveguide 10th
- each four symmetrically arranged transmitting waveguide 15 and receive waveguide 14 are provided. These each have a rectangular cross-section and are arranged orthogonal with respect to a longitudinal or symmetry axis of the coaxial diplexer 1.
- the TM11 mode is excited within the diplexer. It overlaps with the TE11 mode such that in the transmit band (i.e., a lower frequency band), all of the energy flows into the outer, coaxial waveguide (i.e., the second waveguide 9) through constructive superposition of the outer and destructive superposition of the inner field components.
- the transmit band i.e., a lower frequency band
- the inner field components overlap constructively and the outer field components destructively.
- all the energy flows into the inner coaxial waveguide, i. the first waveguide 7, in the interior of which the inner conductor 8 is arranged.
- the necessary information for aligning the antenna can be obtained by signal processing.
- the diplexer With the diplexer according to the invention, it is possible, by means of a suitable network of hybrid couplers, a turnstile branch, to split the received mixture of modes into individual modes and, if necessary, to recombine them. In this way, the received communication signal can be separated from the tracking modes and a tracking signal can be generated which contains the information about the amount and direction of the registration deviation. This allows a direct correction of the antenna alignment.
- the coaxial diplexer in the transmit band is supplemented by a turnstile branching and two 180 ° hybrid couplers or by two coaxial sidearm orthomode transducers (OMTs).
- OMTs coaxial sidearm orthomode transducers
- a polarizer In dual circular polarization, a polarizer, a turnstile branch and two 180 ° hybrid couplers or a turnstile branch, two 180 ° hybrid couplers, and a 90 ° hybrid coupler may be provided in the transmit band.
- a turnstile branch and three 180 ° hybrid couplers are used in linear polarization. With circular polarization, an additional 90 ° hybrid coupler is added.
- FIGS. 4 to 6 show various block diagrams for the application of the diplexer according to the invention.
- the reference numeral 30 in each case denotes a horn which is coupled to the coaxial diplexer 1 according to the invention.
- Tx is a transmission path
- Rx a reception path is indicated.
- a coaxial polarizer 41 is connected to the diplexer 1. Further, a coaxial orthomode transformer 42 is connected to the coaxial polarizer 41.
- the co-orthomode transmitter receives payload data Tx LHCP and Tx RHCP to be transmitted.
- a turnstile branch 43 is connected to the coaxial diplexer 1. This is coupled to two 180 ° hybrid couplers 44, 46.
- a respective difference signal ⁇ is supplied to a 90 ° hybrid coupler 45 to which received payload data Rx LHCP and Rx RHCP are provided.
- the sum signals ( ⁇ ) of the 180 ° hybrid coupler are fed to another 180 ° hybrid coupler 47, which forms a sum and a difference signal ( ⁇ , ⁇ ).
- the sum signal ( ⁇ ) represents the tracking signal ( ⁇ TP) necessary for correcting the antenna alignment.
- a coaxial orthomode transformer 42 is coupled to the diplexer 1.
- the turnstile branch 43 is coupled to the diplexer 1.
- the turnstile branch 43 is coupled to two 180 ° hybrid couplers 44, 46. These each form a sum and difference signal ( ⁇ , ⁇ ). From the difference signals ⁇ received user data Rx HP and Rx VP can be obtained.
- the sum signals ( ⁇ ) are supplied to a further 180 ° hybrid coupler 47, the tracking information ( ⁇ TP) being obtained from a sum signal ( ⁇ ) formed by the same.
- Fig. 6 In the embodiment of Fig. 6 is the reception path Rx according to the in Fig. 4 shown receiving path formed.
- a coaxial turnstile branch 50 is likewise provided, which is connected to the diplexer 1.
- Turnstile junction 50 is coupled to two 180 ° hybrid couplers 51, 52.
- a 90 ° hybrid coupler 53 to which payload data Tx LHCP and Tx RHCP to be transmitted are supplied, is coupled to differential inputs ( ⁇ ) of the 180 ° hybrid couplers 51, 52.
- the receiving network of the illustrated embodiments simultaneously serves to decouple the TEM mode with the tracking information.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Diplexer für eine Reflektorantenne zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Verfahren zum Verarbeiten eines in einen Diplexer eingespeisten Empfangssignals.The invention relates to a diplexer for a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals. The invention further relates to a method for processing a received signal fed into a diplexer.
Große Reflektorantennen benötigen aufgrund ihrer sehr schmalen Strahlungscharakteristik eine sehr genaue Ausrichtung bezüglich eines Senders und/oder Empfängers, allgemein einer Gegenstelle. Zur Ausrichtung wird ein von der Gegenstelle abgestrahltes Bakensignal genutzt. Zur Auswertung des Bakensignals durch die Reflektorantenne bzw. eine mit der Reflektorantenne gekoppelte Auswertungseinheit wird ein Richtdiagramm mit einer Nullstelle in Hauptstrahlrichtung benötigt. Im Falle einer Abweichung des Bakensignals von der Hauptstrahlrichtung wird ein zusätzliches Signal empfangen, das zur Korrektur der Richtungsabweichung genutzt werden kann. Die Übertragung, Separierung und Auswertung des Bakensignals erfolgt zusätzlich zur Übertragung des eigentlichen Kommunikationssignals. Dabei darf das Bakensignal das Kommunikationssignal nicht beeinflussen.Large reflector antennas require a very precise alignment with respect to a transmitter and / or receiver, generally a remote site due to their very narrow radiation characteristics. For orientation, a beacon signal emitted by the remote station is used. For evaluating the beacon signal by the reflector antenna or an evaluation unit coupled to the reflector antenna, a directional diagram with a zero point in the main beam direction is required. In the case of a deviation of the beacon signal from the main beam direction, an additional signal is received, which can be used to correct the direction deviation. The transmission, separation and evaluation of the beacon signal is in addition to the transmission of the actual communication signal. The beacon signal must not influence the communication signal.
Eine Reflektorantenne zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen umfasst typischerweise einen Diplexer, der einen gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter zur Übertragung eines Sendesignals und eines Empfangssignals aufweist. Der gemeinsame Signalhohlleiter umfasst ein erstes und ein zweites Ende. Mit dem ersten Ende des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters ist ein Horn verbunden, über welches eine Auskopplung des Sendesignals aus und eine Einkopplung des Sendesignals in den gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter erfolgt. Mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter ist in der Regel eine Mehrzahl an Hohlleitertoren zur Einspeisung des Sendesignals in den Diplexer und zur Auskopplung des Empfangssignals aus dem Diplexer in ein Empfangsnetzwerk gekoppelt. Die Hohlleitertore sind z.B. symmetrisch an der Außenseite des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiters verteilt angeordnet und jeweils kommunikativ mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter verbunden.A reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals typically includes a diplexer having a common signal waveguide for transmitting a transmit signal and a receive signal. The common signal waveguide includes first and second ends. Connected to the first end of the common signal waveguide is a horn, via which a decoupling of the transmission signal and an injection of the transmission signal into the common signal waveguide takes place. With the common signal waveguide is usually coupled to a plurality of waveguide gates for feeding the transmit signal into the diplexer and for coupling the received signal from the diplexer in a receiving network. The waveguide gates are, for example, symmetrically distributed on the outside of the common signal waveguide and in each case communicatively connected to the common signal waveguide.
Der Diplexer hat insbesondere die Aufgabe, ein Modengemisch von Moden des Empfangssignals derart aufzubereiten, dass eine Unterscheidung des eigentlichen Kommunikationssignals und von Korrekturdaten für das Kommunikationssignal möglich ist. Gleichzeitig muss der Diplexer ein in die Mehrzahl an Signalhohlleitern eingespeistes Sendesignal korrekt zur Auskopplung durch das Horn übertragen. Der dabei bestehende Zielkonflikt, sowohl das Empfangssignal hinsichtlich seines Kommunikationssignals und der Korrekturinformationen korrekt aufzuteilen und das Sendesignal mit gewünschter Polarisation aus der Reflektorantenne auszukoppeln, ist dabei bislang nicht immer zufriedenstellend gelöst.In particular, the purpose of the diplexer is to process a mode mixture of modes of the received signal in such a way that it is possible to distinguish between the actual communication signal and correction data for the communication signal. At the same time, the diplexer must correctly transmit a transmission signal fed into the plurality of signal waveguides for coupling out through the horn. The thereby existing conflict of objectives, both correctly split the received signal in terms of its communication signal and the correction information and decouple the transmission signal with the desired polarization of the reflector antenna, is not always solved satisfactorily.
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Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Diplexer für eine Reflektorantenne zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen anzugeben, welcher eine verbesserte Korrektur der Richtungsabweichung der Reflektorantenne erlaubt. Es ist ferner Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Verarbeiten eines in einen Diplexer eingespeisten Empfangssignals anzugeben, welches eine verbesserte Genauigkeit zur Korrektur der Richtungsabweichung ermöglicht.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a diplexer for a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals, which allows an improved correction of the directional deviation of the reflector antenna. It is a further object of the present invention to specify a method for processing a received signal fed into a diplexer, which enables improved accuracy for correcting the directional deviation.
Diese Aufgaben werden durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich jeweils aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen.These objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung schafft einen Diplexer für eine Reflektorantenne zur Übertragung von Mikrowellensignalen. Dieser umfasst einen gemeinsamen, kreisförmigen Signalhohlleiter zur Übertragung eines Sendesignals und eines Empfangssignals, der ein erstes Ende und ein zweites Ende umfasst, wobei an dem ersten Ende ein gemeinsames Tor ausgebildet ist. Der Diplexer umfasst ferner eine Hohlleiteranordnung, die im Bereich eines zweiten Endes des Signalhohlleiters koaxial zu dem Signalhohlleiter angeordnet ist. Weiter ist ein zylinderförmiger Koppelabschnitt vorgesehen, der zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Ende des Signalhohlleiters angeordnet ist und die Hohlleiteranordnung mit dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter verbindet. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Hohlleiteranordnung zur Ausbildung eines ersten und zweiten koaxialen Hohlleitertors einen ersten, kreisförmigen und einen zweiten, kreisförmigen Hohlleiter umfasst. In dem ersten, kreisförmigen Hohlleiter kann sich im Betrieb des Diplexers ein erstes Signal ausbreiten, wobei im Inneren des ersten Hohlleiters ein Innenleiter angeordnet ist. Durch den ersten, kreisförmigen Hohlleiter wird ein Empfangssignal (später auch als Empfangsband bezeichnet) geleitet. In einem zweiten, kreisförmigen Hohlleiter kann sich im Betrieb des Diplexers ein zweites Signal (ein Sendesignal oder Sendeband) mit einer geringeren Frequenz als das erste Signal ausbreiten, wobei der zweite Hohlleiter den ersten Hohlleiter umgibt.The invention provides a diplexer for a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals. It comprises a common, circular signal waveguide for transmitting a transmission signal and a reception signal comprising a first end and a second end, wherein at the first end a common gate is formed. The diplexer further comprises a waveguide arrangement, which is arranged in the region of a second end of the signal waveguide coaxial with the signal waveguide. Further, a cylindrical coupling portion is provided, which is arranged between the first and the second end of the signal waveguide and connects the waveguide arrangement with the common signal waveguide. The invention is characterized in that the waveguide arrangement for forming a first and second coaxial waveguide gate comprises a first, circular and a second circular waveguide. In the first, circular waveguide, a first signal can propagate during operation of the diplexer, wherein an inner conductor is arranged in the interior of the first waveguide. Through the first, circular waveguide, a received signal (also referred to as receiving band hereinafter) is passed. In a second circular waveguide, during operation of the diplexer, a second signal (a transmission signal or transmission band) may propagate at a lower frequency than the first signal, wherein the second waveguide surrounds the first waveguide.
Die Erfindung schafft weiter ein Verfahren zum Verarbeiten eines in einen erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Diplexers eingespeisten Signals. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird in das gemeinsame Tor ein TE11-Mode gespeist. Ein TM11-Mode wird in dem Signalhohlleiter angeregt und überlagert sich mit dem TE11-Mode derart, dass die gesamte Energie des zweiten Signals (im Sendeband) durch eine konstruktive Überlagerung von äußeren Feldanteilen und eine destruktive Überlagerung von inneren Feldanteilen in den zweiten, äußeren Hohlleiter fließt und dass die gesamte Energie des ersten Signals (im Empfangsband) durch eine konstruktive Überlagerung von inneren Feldanteilen und eine destruktive Überlagerung von äußeren Feldanteilen in den ersten, inneren Hohlleiter fließt.The invention further provides a method for processing a signal fed into a diplexer according to the invention. In the method according to the invention, a TE11 mode is fed into the common port. A TM11 mode is excited in the signal waveguide and superimposed with the TE11 mode such that the entire energy of the second signal (in the transmission band) by a constructive superposition of outer field components and a destructive superposition of inner field components in the second, outer waveguide flows and that the entire energy of the first signal (in the receiving band) flows through a constructive superposition of internal field components and a destructive superposition of external field components in the first, inner waveguide.
Das erste Signal (im Empfangsband) wird bei Einspeisung des TM01-Modes am gemeinsamen Tor in den TEM-Mode des ersten Hohlleiters überführt. Aus dem TE11-Mode und dem TM01-Mode des ersten Signals (im Empfangsband) wird durch Verarbeitung der Moden eine Information zur Ausrichtung der Reflektorantenne ermittelt.The first signal (in the receiving band) is transferred at feeding the TM01 mode at the common gate in the TEM mode of the first waveguide. From the TE11 mode and the TM01 mode of the first signal (in the receiving band), an information for aligning the reflector antenna is determined by processing the modes.
Die Erfindung schlägt somit vor, das Sende- und Empfangssignal zu trennen und gleichzeitig im Empfangsband eine Transformation des Modes TM01 in den TEM-Mode vorzunehmen, so dass im Empfangsband zusätzlich zum Kommunikationssignal ein Trackingsignal zur Antennenausrichtung zur Verfügung steht. Ermöglicht wird dies durch die Verwendung eines Innenleiters, der im Inneren des ersten Hohlleiters angeordnet ist.The invention thus proposes to separate the transmit and receive signal and at the same time to perform a transformation of the mode TM01 in the TEM mode in the receive band, so that a tracking signal for antenna alignment is available in the receive band in addition to the communication signal. This is made possible by the use of an inner conductor, which is arranged in the interior of the first waveguide.
Ein Vorteil dieser Vorgehensweise besteht darin, dass die für das Tracking benötigten Summen- und Differenzsignale unter gleichen Bedingungen, insbesondere bei gleicher Temperatur, ausgekoppelt werden. Hierdurch werden Phasenfehler durch unterschiedliche Temperaturen in den HF-Pfaden vermieden.An advantage of this procedure is that the sum and difference signals required for the tracking are coupled out under the same conditions, in particular at the same temperature. As a result, phase errors are avoided by different temperatures in the RF paths.
Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass das Trackingsignal erst ausgekoppelt wird, nachdem Sende- und Empfangssignal getrennt wurden. Dadurch werden Störungen des Sendesignals durch einen Trackingmodenkoppler vermieden.Another advantage is that the tracking signal is decoupled only after the transmit and receive signals have been separated. As a result, disturbances of the transmission signal are avoided by a Trackingmodenkoppler.
Gegenüber den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen sind zur Abtrennung des Sendesignals keine Filter in den Seitenarmen erforderlich. Damit ist das Speisesystem wesentlich unempfindlicher gegen Fertigungsunsicherheiten.Compared to the solutions known from the prior art, no filters in the side arms are required to separate the transmission signal. Thus, the feed system is much less sensitive to manufacturing uncertainties.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist der erfindungsgemäße Diplexer ein koaxialer Diplexer. Dies ergibt sich durch die koaxiale Anordnung des ersten, kreisförmigen Hohlleiters, welcher von dem zweiten, kreisförmigen Hohlleiter umgeben ist.Conveniently, the diplexer according to the invention is a coaxial diplexer. This is due to the coaxial arrangement of the first, circular waveguide, which is surrounded by the second circular waveguide.
Es ist weiterhin zweckmäßig, wenn der Innenleiter stiftförmig ausgebildet ist. Insbesondere enden der erste Hohlleiter und der Innenleiter auf einer gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Höhe.It is also expedient if the inner conductor is formed pin-shaped. In particular, the first waveguide and the inner conductor end at the same or different height.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass der Koppelabschnitt als erster Rillenhohlleiter ausgebildet ist, der zum Inneren des Signalhohlleiters hin eine Anzahl an sich entlang eines Innenumfangs ringförmig erstreckenden Rillen aufweist. Der erste Rillenhohlleiter grenzt dabei an das zweite Ende des Signalhohlleiters an.A further embodiment provides that the coupling portion is formed as a first groove waveguide, which has to the interior of the signal waveguide through a number of annularly extending grooves along an inner circumference. The first groove waveguide adjoins the second end of the signal waveguide.
Es ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass der zweite Hohlleiter zumindest abschnittsweise als zweiter Rillenhohlleiter ausgebildet ist, der zum Inneren des Signalhohlleiters hin eine Anzahl an sich entlang eines Innenumfangs ringförmig erstreckenden Rillen aufweist. Der zweite Rillenhohlleiter grenzt vorzugsweise an den Koppelabschnitt bzw. an das zweite Ende des Signalhohlleiters an.It is further contemplated that the second waveguide is at least partially formed as a second groove waveguide, the inside of the signal waveguide towards a number of along an inner circumference annularly extending grooves. The second groove waveguide preferably adjoins the coupling section or the second end of the signal waveguide.
Die Rillen des ersten und/oder zweiten Rillenhohlleiters sind jeweils äquidistant zueinander angeordnet. In einer konkreten Ausgestaltung kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Abstand zwischen jeweiligen Rillen des ersten Rillenhohlleiters anders ist als der Abstand jeweiliger Rillen des zweiten Rillenhohlleiters.The grooves of the first and / or second groove waveguide are each arranged equidistant from each other. In a specific embodiment it can be provided that the distance between respective grooves of the first groove waveguide is different than the distance between respective grooves of the second groove waveguide.
Der erfindungsgemäße Diplexer zeichnet sich weiterhin dadurch aus, dass das zweite Hohlleitertor (im Sendeband) zur Erzeugung dual linear polarisierter Signale mit einer Turnstile-Verzweigung und zwei 180°-Hybridkopplern, oder mit zwei koaxialen Seitenarm-Orthomode-Übertragern gekoppelt ist. Alternativ ist das zweite Hohlleitertor (im Sendeband) zur Erzeugung dual zirkularer Polarisation mit einem Polarisator, einer Turnstile-Verzweigung und zwei 180°-Hybridkopplern oder mit einer Turnstile-Verzweigung, zwei 180°-Hybridkopplern und einem 90°-Hybridkoppler gekoppelt.The diplexer according to the invention is further distinguished by the fact that the second waveguide port (in the transmission band) is coupled with a turnstile branching and two 180 ° hybrid couplers or with two coaxial sidearm orthomode transformers to produce dual linearly polarized signals. Alternatively, the second waveguide port (in the transmit band) is coupled to one polarizer, one turnstile branch and two 180 ° hybrid couplers, or to one turnstile branch, two 180 ° hybrid couplers, and one 90 ° hybrid coupler for dual circular polarization generation.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist das erste Hohlleitertor (im Empfangsband) zur Erzeugung linearer Polarisation mit einer Turnstile-Verzweigung und drei 180°-Hybridkopplern gekoppelt. Alternativ ist das erste Hohlleitertor (im Empfangsband) zur Erzeugung zirkularer Polarisation mit einer Turnstile-Verzweigung, drei 180°-Hybridkopplern und einem 90°-Hybridkoppler gekoppelt.In another embodiment, the first waveguide port (in the receive band) is for generating linear polarization with a turnstile branch and three 180 ° hybrid couplers coupled. Alternatively, the first waveguide port (in the receive band) is coupled to a turnstile branch, three 180 ° hybrid couplers, and a 90 ° hybrid coupler to produce circular polarization.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend näher anhand der Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Diplexers,
- Fig. 2
- eine perspektivische, geschnittene Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Diplexers,
- Fig. 3
- einen teilweisen Ausschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen und teilweise geschnittenen Diplexers,
- Fig. 4
- ein Blockschaltbild für die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Diplexers gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsvariante,
- Fig. 5
- ein Blockschaltbild für die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Diplexers gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante, und
- Fig. 6
- ein Blockschaltbild für die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Diplexers gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsvariante.
- Fig. 1
- a perspective view of a diplexer according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a perspective, sectional view of a diplexer according to the invention,
- Fig. 3
- a partial section of a partially sectioned diplexer according to the invention,
- Fig. 4
- a block diagram for the application of the diplexer according to the invention according to a first embodiment,
- Fig. 5
- a block diagram for the application of the diplexer according to the invention according to a second embodiment, and
- Fig. 6
- a block diagram for the application of the diplexer according to the invention according to a third embodiment.
Die
Zur Ausbildung eines ersten und eines zweiten koaxialen Hohlleitertors 21, 22 umfasst die Hohlleiteranordnung 5 einen ersten, kreisförmigen Hohlleiter 7, in dem sich im Betrieb des Diplexers ein erstes Signal im Empfangsband ausbreiten kann, wobei im Inneren des ersten Hohlleiters 7 ein stiftförmiger Innenleiter 8 angeordnet ist. Der erste Hohlleiter 7 und der Innenleiter 8 enden im Ausführungsbeispiel auf einer gleichen Höhe, wobei dies nicht zwingend ist. Ein zweiter, kreisförmiger Hohlleiter 9, welcher an das zweite Ende des Signalhohlleiters 2 anschließt, umgibt den ersten Hohlleiter 7. In dem zweiten Hohlleiter 9 kann sich im Betrieb des Diplexers ein zweites Signal im Sendeband mit einer geringeren Frequenz als das erste Signal im Empfangsband ausbreiten.To form a first and a second
Der zweite Hohlleiter 9 ist zumindest abschnittsweise als zweiter Rillenhohlleiter 12 ausgebildet. Der zweite Rillenhohlleiter grenzt unmittelbar an das zweite Ende des Signalhohlleiters 2 bzw. an den Koppelabschnitt 6 bzw. ersten Rillenhohlleiter 10. Der zweite Rillenhohlleiter 12 weist zum Inneren des Signalhohlleiters hin eine Anzahl an sich entlang eines Innenumfangs ringförmig erstreckenden Rillen 13 auf. Die Rillen des zweiten Rillenhohlleiters 12 sind lediglich beispielhaft äquidistant zueinander angeordnet. Der Abstand der Rillen 13 des zweiten Rillenhohlleiters 12 ist dabei größer als der Abstand der Rillen 11 des ersten Rillenhohlleiters 10.The
Am von dem gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter abgewandten Ende des ersten Hohlleiters 7 und des zweiten Hohlleiters 9 sind jeweils vier symmetrisch zueinander angeordnete Sende-Hohlleiter 15 bzw. Empfangs-Hohlleiter 14 vorgesehen. Diese weisen jeweils einen rechteckigen Querschnitt auf und sind orthogonal bezüglich einer Längs- bzw. Symmetrieachse des koaxialen Diplexers 1 angeordnet.At the end facing away from the common signal waveguide end of the
Das gemeinsame Tor 20, das mit einem Horn verbunden wird, wird vom TE11-Mode gespeist. Durch eine geeignete Dimensionierung der Rillen 11 wird innerhalb des Diplexers der TM11-Mode angeregt. Er überlagert sich mit dem TE11-Mode derart, dass im Sendeband (d.h. einem unteren Frequenzband) durch eine konstruktive Überlagerung der äußeren und eine destruktive Überlagerung der inneren Feldanteile die gesamte Energie in den äußeren, koaxialen Hohlleiter (d.h. den zweiten Hohlleiter 9) fließt. Im Empfangsband (oberes Frequenzband) überlagern sich die inneren Feldanteile konstruktiv und die äußeren Feldanteile destruktiv. Dadurch fließt die gesamte Energie in den inneren koaxialen Hohlleiter, d.h. den ersten Hohlleiter 7, in dessen Inneren der Innenleiter 8 angeordnet ist.The
Durch den Innenleiter wird im Empfangsband bei Einspeisung des TM01-Modes am gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiter die Energie in den TEM-Mode des inneren koaxialen Hohlleiters, d.h. des ersten Hohlleiters 7, überführt. Aus dem TE11-Mode und dem TM01-Mode im Empfangsband können durch Signalverarbeitung die nötigen Informationen zur Ausrichtung der Antenne gewonnen werden.Through the inner conductor the energy in the TEM mode of the inner coaxial waveguide, i. of the
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Diplexer ist es möglich, durch ein geeignetes Netzwerk aus Hybridkopplern, einer Turnstile-Verzweigung das empfangene Modengemisch in einzelne Moden zu zerlegen und gegebenenfalls neu zu kombinieren. Auf diese Weise kann das empfangene Kommunikationssignal von den Tracking-Moden getrennt und ein Trackingsignal erzeugt werden, das die Information über Betrag und Richtung der Ausrichtungsabweichung enthält. Damit ist eine direkte Korrektur der Antennenausrichtung möglich.With the diplexer according to the invention, it is possible, by means of a suitable network of hybrid couplers, a turnstile branch, to split the received mixture of modes into individual modes and, if necessary, to recombine them. In this way, the received communication signal can be separated from the tracking modes and a tracking signal can be generated which contains the information about the amount and direction of the registration deviation. This allows a direct correction of the antenna alignment.
Für die Erzeugung dual linear polarisierter Signale wird der koaxiale Diplexer im Sendeband durch eine Turnstile-Verzweigung und zwei 180°-Hybridkoppler oder durch zwei koaxiale Seitenarm-Orthomode-Übertrager (OMT) ergänzt.For the generation of dual linearly polarized signals, the coaxial diplexer in the transmit band is supplemented by a turnstile branching and two 180 ° hybrid couplers or by two coaxial sidearm orthomode transducers (OMTs).
Bei dual zirkularer Polarisation können im Sendeband ein Polarisator, eine Turnstile-Verzweigung und zwei 180°-Hybridkoppler oder eine Turnstile-Verzweigung, zwei 180°-Hybridkoppler und ein 90°-Hybridkoppler vorgesehen werden.In dual circular polarization, a polarizer, a turnstile branch and two 180 ° hybrid couplers or a turnstile branch, two 180 ° hybrid couplers, and a 90 ° hybrid coupler may be provided in the transmit band.
Im Empfangsband werden bei linearer Polarisation eine Turnstile-Verzweigung und drei 180°-Hybridkoppler verwendet. Bei zirkularer Polarisation kommt zusätzlich ein 90°-Hybridkoppler hinzu.In the receive band, a turnstile branch and three 180 ° hybrid couplers are used in linear polarization. With circular polarization, an additional 90 ° hybrid coupler is added.
Diese Ausführungsvarianten sind nachfolgend in den
Die
Im Sendepfad der
Im Sendepfad der
In dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Das Empfangsnetzwerk der dargestellten Ausführungsvarianten dient gleichzeitig dazu, den TEM-Mode mit den Trackinginformationen auszukoppeln. Die eng benachbarte Auskopplung des TE11-Modes im Empfangsband und des TEM-Modes, insbesondere die ähnlichen thermischen Bedingungen, führen dazu, dass die automatische Antennenausrichtung anhand der Trackinginformationen sehr genau und temperaturstabil ist.The receiving network of the illustrated embodiments simultaneously serves to decouple the TEM mode with the tracking information. The closely adjacent coupling of the TE11 mode in the receive band and the TEM mode, in particular the similar thermal conditions, mean that the automatic antenna alignment is very accurate and temperature-stable on the basis of the tracking information.
- 11
- Diplexerdiplexer
- 22
- gemeinsamer Signalhohlleitercommon signal waveguide
- 33
- erstes Ende des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleitersfirst end of the common signal waveguide
- 44
- zweites Ende des gemeinsamen Signalhohlleiterssecond end of the common signal waveguide
- 55
- HohlleiteranordnungWaveguide arrangement
- 66
- Koppelabschnittcoupling section
- 77
- erster Hohlleiterfirst waveguide
- 88th
- Innenleiterinner conductor
- 99
- zweiter Hohlleitersecond waveguide
- 1010
- erster Rilllenhohlleiterfirst corrugated waveguide
- 1111
- Rillengrooves
- 1212
- zweiter Rillenhohlleitersecond groove waveguide
- 1313
- Rillengrooves
- 1414
- Empfangs-HohlleiterReceiving waveguide
- 1515
- Sende-HohlleiterTransmission waveguide
- 2020
- gemeinsames Torcommon gate
- 2121
- erstes Hohlleitertorfirst waveguide gate
- 2222
- zweites Hohlleitertorsecond waveguide gate
- 3030
- Hornhorn
- 4141
- koaxialer Polarisatorcoaxial polarizer
- 4242
- koaxialer Orthomode-ÜbertragerCoaxial orthomode transformer
- 4343
- Turnstileturnstile
- 4444
- 180°-Hybridkoppler180 ° hybrid coupler
- 4545
- 90°- Hybridkoppler90 ° hybrid coupler
- 4646
- 180°-Hybridkoppler180 ° hybrid coupler
- 4747
- 180°-Hybridkoppler180 ° hybrid coupler
- 5050
- Turnstile-VerzweigungTurnstile branch
- 5151
- 180°-Hybridkoppler180 ° hybrid coupler
- 5252
- 90°- Hybridkoppler90 ° hybrid coupler
- 5353
- 180°-Hybridkoppler180 ° hybrid coupler
- TxTx
- Sendepfadtransmission path
- RxRx
- Empfangspfadreceive path
- Tx LHCPTx LHCP
- Nutzdaten eines SendesignalsUser data of a transmission signal
- Tx RHCPTx RHCP
- Nutzdaten eines SendesignalsUser data of a transmission signal
- Rx LHCPRx LHCP
- Nutzdaten eines EmpfangssignalsUser data of a received signal
- Rx RHCPRx RHCP
- Nutzdaten eines EmpfangssignalsUser data of a received signal
- Tx HPTx HP
- Nutzdaten eines SendesignalsUser data of a transmission signal
- Tx VPTx VP
- Nutzdaten eines SendesignalsUser data of a transmission signal
- Rx HPRx HP
- Nutzdaten eines EmpfangssignalsUser data of a received signal
- Rx VPRx VP
- Nutzdaten eines EmpfangssignalsUser data of a received signal
Claims (13)
- Diplexer for a reflector antenna for transmitting microwave signals, comprising:- a common circular signal waveguide (2) for transmitting a transmitted signal and a received signal, which comprises a first end (3) and a second end (4), a common gate being formed at the first end (3);- a waveguide arrangement (5), which is arranged adjacent to the second end of the signal waveguide (2), coaxially with respect to the signal waveguide (2);- a cylindrical coupling section (6) having a number of grooves (11), which is arranged between the first and the second end of the signal waveguide (2), joins the second end (4) and connects the waveguide arrangement to the common signal waveguide (2);characterized in that in order to form a first and a second coaxial waveguide gate (21, 22), the waveguide arrangement (5) comprises:- a first circular waveguide (7), in which the received signal can propagate during operation of the diplexer (1);- a second circular waveguide (9), in which the transmitted signal can propagate with a lower frequency than the received signal during operation of the diplexer (1), wherein the second waveguide (9) surrounds the first waveguide (7);- arranged in the interior of the first waveguide there is an internal conductor (8), which is formed in the manner of a pin with a cylindrical outer contour, by means of which in the received band, as the TM01 mode is fed in at the common signal waveguide (2), the energy can be transferred into the TEM mode of the first waveguide (7), and- at the end of the second waveguide (9) that faces away from the common signal waveguide (2), four transmitting waveguides (15) arranged symmetrically with respect to one another and four receiving waveguides (14) arranged symmetrically with respect to one another are provided, each having a rectangular cross section and being arranged orthogonally with respect to a longitudinal axis of the diplexer (1).
- Diplexer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first waveguide (7) and the internal conductor (8) end at the same or different heights.
- Diplexer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling section (6) is formed as a first grooved waveguide (10) which, towards the interior of the signal waveguide (2), has a number of grooves (11) extending annularly along an internal circumference.
- Diplexer according to Claim 3, characterized in that the first grooved waveguide (10) adjoins the second end of the signal waveguide (2).
- Diplexer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at least in some sections, the second waveguide (9) is formed as a second grooved waveguide (12) which, towards the interior
of the signal waveguide (2), has a number of grooves (13) extending annularly along an internal circumference. - Diplexer according to Claim 5, characterized in that the second grooved waveguide (12) adjoins the coupling section (6) and the second end of the signal waveguide (2).
- Diplexer according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the grooves of the first and/or second grooved waveguide (10, 12) are each arranged equidistantly from one another.
- Diplexer according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in order to generate dual linearly polarized signals, the second waveguide gate (22) (in the transmitting band) can be coupled- to a turnstile branch and two 180° hybrid couplers, or- to two coaxial side-arm orthomode transducers.
- Diplexer according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in order to generate dual circular polarization, the second waveguide gate (22) (in the transmitting band) can be coupled- to a polarizer, a turnstile branch and two 180° hybrid couplers, or- to a turnstile branch, two 180° hybrid couplers and a 90° hybrid coupler.
- Diplexer according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in order to generate linear polarization, the first waveguide gate (21) (in the receiving band) can be coupled to a turnstile branch and three 180° hybrid couplers.
- Diplexer according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in order to generate circular polarization, the first waveguide gate (21) (receiving band) can be coupled to a turnstile branch, three 180° hybrid couplers and a 90° hybrid coupler.
- Diplexer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that this is a coaxial diplexer.
- Method for processing a signal fed into a diplexer (1) constructed in accordance with one of the preceding claims, in which- a TE11 mode is fed into the common gate,- a TM11 mode is excited in the signal waveguide (2) by the number of grooves (11) of the cylindrical coupling section (6) and is superimposed on the TE11 mode in such a way that all of the energy of the transmitted signal flows into the second waveguide as a result of constructive superimposition of external field components and destructive superimposition of internal field components, and that all of the energy of the received signal flows into the first, inner coaxial waveguide as a result of constructive superimposition of internal field components and destructive superimposition of external field components,- when the TM01 mode is fed in at the common gate, the received signal is transferred into the TEM mode with the tracking information from the first waveguide,- from a network of hybrid couplers, a mode mixture made of the TE11 mode and the TM01 mode is broken down into individual modes, in order to separate a communications signal from the tracking modes and to generate a tracking signal which contains an item of information about the magnitude and direction of an alignment deviation.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE201010010299 DE102010010299B4 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2010-03-04 | Diplexer for a reflector antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2363912A1 EP2363912A1 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
EP2363912B1 true EP2363912B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
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EP20110001735 Not-in-force EP2363912B1 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-03-02 | Diplexer for a reflector antenna |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US8878629B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2363912B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2732485C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010010299B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2544459T3 (en) |
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DE102013011651A1 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2015-01-15 | ESA-microwave service GmbH | Antenna feed system in the microwave range for reflector antennas |
US9252470B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2016-02-02 | National Instruments Corporation | Ultra-broadband diplexer using waveguide and planar transmission lines |
US9300042B2 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2016-03-29 | Honeywell International Inc. | Matching and pattern control for dual band concentric antenna feed |
US11329391B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2022-05-10 | Viasat, Inc. | Enhanced directivity feed and feed array |
DE102015218877B4 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-08-31 | Airbus Ds Gmbh | Coaxial diplexer and signal coupling device |
CN107302123B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-10-22 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of 340GHz is based on film-type device broadband duplexer |
CN107275727B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-10-22 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of 340GHz is based on film-type device quasi-optical broadband duplexer |
US10826179B2 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2020-11-03 | Laurice J. West | Short dual-driven groundless antennas |
US11101880B1 (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-08-24 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Wide/multiband waveguide adapter for communications systems |
CN114188689B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-09-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Broadband receiving and transmitting shared coaxial waveguide duplexer |
CN115863987B (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2024-09-10 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | High-gain millimeter wave antenna shared by transceiver |
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EP1369955A2 (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2003-12-10 | Harris Corporation | Multiband horn antenna |
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2010
- 2010-03-04 DE DE201010010299 patent/DE102010010299B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-02-23 CA CA2732485A patent/CA2732485C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-02 EP EP20110001735 patent/EP2363912B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-03-02 ES ES11001735.7T patent/ES2544459T3/en active Active
- 2011-03-03 US US13/039,665 patent/US8878629B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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US20110254640A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
DE102010010299A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
DE102010010299B4 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
US8878629B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
CA2732485A1 (en) | 2011-09-04 |
CA2732485C (en) | 2014-11-04 |
ES2544459T3 (en) | 2015-08-31 |
EP2363912A1 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
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